(Trần Phương) Bài Tập Và Phương Pháp Giải Tích Oxy

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HNH GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG OXY

Thy Trn Phng
PHNG TRNH NG THNG TRONG MT PHNG
I. VCT C TRNG CA NG THNG:

1. Vct v = ( a1 ; a 2 ) l vc t ch phng (VTCP) ca () () // gi ca v

2. Vct n = ( a; b ) l vc t php tuyn (VTPT) ca () () gi ca n
3. Nhn xt:

() c v s vct ch phng v v s vct php tuyn ng thi v n .
II. PHNG TRNH NG THNG

1. Phng trnh tham s: PT t () i qua M0(x 0, y0) v c VTCP v = ( a1 ; a 2 ) :
x = x 0 + a1t
(t )
y = y 0 + a 2 t

2. Phng trnh chnh tc: PT t () i qua M0(x 0, y0) v c VTCP v = ( a1 ; a 2 ) :
x x0 y y0
=
a1
a2
3. Phng trnh h s gc: PT t () vi h s gc a l: y = ax + b.

4. Phng trnh tng qut: PT t () tng qut: Ax + By + C = 0 vi A 2 + B 2 > 0
Nhn xt: (): Ax + By + C = 0 vi A 2 + B 2 > 0 c

VTCP v = ( B; A ) v VTPT n = ( A; B )
5. Phng trnh t () i qua M0(x 0, y0) vi h s gc k l: y = k ( x x 0 ) + y 0

6. Phng trnh t () i qua M0(x 0, y0) vi VTPT n = ( A; B ) l:
A ( x x0 ) + B ( y y0 ) = 0

7. Phng trnh t () i qua M0(x 0, y0) vi VTCP v = ( A; B ) l:
B ( x x0 ) A ( y y 0 ) = 0
8. Phng trnh t () i qua 2 im M1(x1, y1), M2(x2, y2):
x x1
y y1
=
x 2 x1 y 2 y1
y
9. Phng trnh on chn i qua A(0; a), B(0; b) l: x + = 1
a b
10. Phng trnh chm ng thng: Cho 2 ng thng ct nhau
( 1 ) : a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0; ( 2 ) : a 2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0
vi I = ( 1 ) ( 2 ) .
ng thng () i qua I l: p ( a1 x + b1 y + c1 ) + q ( a 2 x + b2 y + c2 ) = 0 vi p 2 + q 2 > 0

11
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Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

III. V TR TNG I CA 2 NG THNG
x = x1 + a1t
(t ) ,
(1) i qua M1(x 1; y1):
y = y1 + b1t
1. Dng tham s:
x = x 2 + a 2 t
(t )
(2) i qua M2(x 2; y2):
y
=
y
+
b
t
2
2

Nu v1 = ( a1 ; b1 ) // v 2 = ( a 2 ; b2 ) a1b2 a 2 b1 0 th ( 1 ) ( 2 ) = im I.

a1b2 a 2 b1 = 0
Nu v1 = ( a1 ; b1 ) // v 2 = ( a 2 ; b2 ) // M 1 M 2
a1 ( y 2 y1 ) b1 ( x 2 x1 ) 0
th (1) // (2).
a1b2 a 2 b1 = 0

Nu v1 = ( a1 ; b1 ) // v 2 = ( a 2 ; b2 ) // M 1 M 2
a1 ( y 2 y1 ) b1 ( x 2 x1 ) = 0
th (1) (2).

( 1 ) : a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0; n1 = ( a1 ; b1 )
2. Dng tng qut:

;

( 2 ) : a 2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0; n 2 = ( a 2 ; b2 )
a b1
b c1
c a1
D= 1
; Dx = 1
; Dy = 1
a 2 b2
b2 c 2
c2 a2
D Dy
Nu D 0 a1b2 a 2 b1 0 th ( 1 ) ( 2 ) = im I x ;
D D
Nu D = 0 v Dx2 + D y2 > 0
Nu D = D x = D y = 0
a1 a 2 c1
=
th (1) // (2).
b1 b2 c 2
a1 a 2 c1
=
=
th ( 1) (2).
b1 b2 c 2
IV. GC GIA 2 NG THNG:
1. Dng h s gc:
( 1 ) : y = a1 x + b1
a a2
Cho
. Gc ( 1 , 2 ) = [ 0; 90] : tg = 1
1 + a1 a 2
( 2 ) : y = a 2 x + b1
2. Dng tng qut:

( 1 ) : a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0; n1 = ( a1 ; b1 )
a1 a 2 + b2 b2
Cho
; cos =

a12 + b12 a 22 + b22
( 2 ) : a 2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0; n 2 = ( a 2 ; b2 )
12
Bi 2. Phng trnh ng thng trong mt phng

V. KHONG CCH V PHNG TRNH NG PHN GIC
1. Khong cch t M0(x0, y0) n (): ax + by + c = 0 l: d ( M , ( ) ) =
ax0 + by0 + c
a 2 + b2
( 1 ) : a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
2. Cho
ct nhau th phng trnh 2 ng phn gic
( 2 ) : a 2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0
a1 x + b1 y + c1
a x + b2 y + c 2
= 2
2
2
a1 + b1
a 22 + b22
Du hiu
Phn gic gc nhn
a1a2 + b1b2 > 0

a1a2 + b1b2 < 0
a1 x + b1 y + c1
a12
a 2 x + b2 y + c2
+ b12
a1 x + b1 y + c1
a12 + b12
a 22
=
+ b22
Phn gic gc t
a1 x + b1 y + c1
a12
+ b12
a2 x + b2 y + c 2
a1 x + b1 y + c1
a 22 + b22
a12 + b12
a 2 x + b2 y + c 2
a22 + b22
a 2 x + b2 y + c 2
a 22 + b22
VI. CC BI TP MU MINH HA
Bi 1. Trn mt phng Oxy cho im A(2;2). Vit phng trnh ng thng
i qua im M ( 3;1) v ct trc Ox, Oy ti B v C sao cho tam gic ABC cn
Gii
y
Gi B ( b; 0 ) = Ox v C ( 0; c ) = Oy suy ra (): x + = 1 ( bc 0 )
b c
M (3;1) ( ) 3 + 1 = 1 , (1). Tam gic ABC cn ti A AB 2 = AC 2
b c
b 2 = c + 2
b = c + 4
2
2
(b 2) + 4 = 4 + ( c + 2)
b 2 = c 2
b = c
c = 2, b = 6
y
y
Vi b = c + 4 : (1) c 2 = 4
( 1 ) : x + = 1; ( 2 ) : x +
=1
6
2
2
2
c = 2, b = 2
Vi b = c : (1) b = 2 c = 2 (loi, do trng vi ( 2 ) )
Bi 2. Cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1; 3)

a. Gi s hai ng cao (BH): 5 x + 3 y 25 = 0 , (CK): 3x + 8 y 12 = 0 .
Hy vit phng trnh cnh BC.
b. Gi s ng trung trc ca AB l (): 3x + 2 y 4 = 0 v G(4; 2) l
trng tm ca tam gic ABC. Xc nh ta cc nh B v C .
13
Gii
a. (AB) (CK) nn (AB) c phng trnh l 8 x 3 y + c = 0
im A ( AB ) c = 1 ( AB ) : 8 x 3 y 1 = 0 .
( AC ) ( BH ) nn ( AC ) c phng trnh 3x 5 y + m = 0
im A ( AC ) m = 12 ( AC ) : 3 x 5 y 12 = 0
8 x 3 y 1 = 0
B ( BH ) ( AB ) Ta ca B tha mn h:
B ( 2;5 )
5 x + 3 y 25 = 0
3 x 5 y 12 = 0
C (CK ) ( AC ) Ta ca C tha mn h:
C ( 4; 0 )
3 x + 8 y 12 = 0
y5
Phng trnh cnh BC l (BC): x 2 =
5 x + 2 y 20 = 0
42 05
b. (AB) ( ) : 3x + 2 y 4 = 0 v cha A(1;3) ( AB ) : 2( x + 1) 3( y + 3) = 0

hay ( AB) : 2x 3 y 7 = 0 . Gi M l trung im AB suy ra ta ca M tha h:
x B = 2xM x A = 5
3 x + 2 y 4 = 0
B ( 5;1)
M ( 2; 1) , khi :
2 x 3 y 7 = 0
yB = 2yM y A =1
x A + x B + x C = 3 x G
im G(4;2) l trng tm ABC nn:
y A + y B + y C = 3 y G
1 + 5 + x C = 12
x C = 8
C ( 8; 4 ) . Vy B ( 5;1) , C ( 8; 4 )
3 + 1 + y C = 6
y C = 4
Bi 3. Cho (d 1 ) : x + y + 5 = 0; (d 2 ) : x + 2 y 7 = 0 v im A ( 2;3) .
Tm B (d 1 ) v C (d 2 ) sao cho ABC c trng tm G ( 2; 0 ) .
Gii
t B ( t1 ; t1 5 ) (d 1 ) v C ( 7 2t 2 ; t 2 ) (d 2 )
x A + x B + x C = 3 x G
im G(2; 0) l trng tm ABC nn:
y A + y B + y C = 3 y G
2 + t1 + 7 2t 2 = 6 t1 2t 2 = 3 t1 = 1
. Vy B ( 1; 4 ) , C ( 5;1)
3 t1 5 + t 2 = 0
t1 t 2 = 2
t 2 = 1
14
Bi 4. Cho ( 1 ) : x y + 1 = 0 ; ( 2 ) : 2 x + y + 1 = 0 v im M(2;1).
Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua im M v ct ( 1 ), ( 2 )
ln lt ti A, B sao cho M l trung im ca on thng AB.
Gii
im A ( 1 ) A ( t1 ; t1 + 1) ; im B ( 2 ) B ( t 2 ; 2t 2 1)
x + xB = 2xM
t1 + t 2 = 4
M(2; 1) l trung im AB nn: A
y A + yB = 2 yM
t1 2t 2 = 2

t1 = 10 , t 2 = 2 . Suy ra A 10 ; 13 , B 2 ; 7 AB = 4 ( 2;5 )
3
3
3 3
3 3
3
) (

y 1
5x 2 y 8 = 0
(d) qua M v nhn AB lm VTCP c PT l: x 2 =
2
5
Bi 5. Cho ( 1 ) : 2 x y + 5 = 0 ; ( 2 ) : x + y 3 = 0 v im M(2; 0).

Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua im M v ct ( 1 ), ( 2 )

ln lt ti A v B sao cho MA = 2 MB
Gii
im A ( 1 ) A ( t1 ; 2t1 + 5 ) ; im B ( 2 ) B ( t 2 ; 3 t 2 )

Suy ra: MA = ( t1 + 2; 2t1 + 5 ) , MB = ( t 2 + 2; 3 t 2 )
t = 1

t1 + 2 = 2 ( t 2 + 2 )
t 2t 2 = 2
1
MA = 2 MB
1
MA = ( 3; 7 )
1
2t1 + 2t 2 = 1 t 2 = 2
2 t1 + 5 = 2 ( 3 t 2 )

y
(d) qua M v nhn MA lm VTCP c PT l: x + 2 = 7 x 3 y + 14 = 0
3
7
Bi 6. Cho ABC c nh A(2;7) phng trnh mt ng cao v mt trung

tuyn v t hai nh khc nhau ln lt l: 3x + y + 11 = 0, x + 2 y + 7 = 0 .
Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
Gii
Nhn xt: Do A(2; 7) c ta khng tha mn phng trnh mt trong hai
ng thng cho nn cc ng cao v trung tuyn khng i qua A(2; 7).
t (BH): 3x + y + 11 = 0 v (CM): x + 2 y + 7 = 0 .
Ta c: B ( BH ) B ( t ; 3t 11) . Gi M l trung im AB khi ta M l
15
x A + xB t + 2
=
x M =
2
2
y = y A + y B = 3 t 18
M
2
2
A
H
M ( CM ) t + 2 + 2 3t 18 + 7 = 0
2
2
t = 4 B ( 4;1)
y+7
Phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AB l: x 2 =
4 x + 3 y + 13 = 0
4 2 1 + 7
(AC) (BH): 3x + y + 11 = 0 v (AC) i qua im A(2; 7) nn phng trnh

(AC) l: ( x 2) 3( y + 7) = 0 ( AC ) : x 3 y 23 = 0
x 3 y 23 = 0
im C (AC) (CM) suy ra ta C tha h:
C ( 5; 6 )
x + 2 y + 7 = 0
y 1
Phng trnh cnh BC l (BC): x + 4 =
7 x + 9 y + 19 = 0
5 + 4 6 1
Bi 7. Cho ABC c nh A(1; 2), ng trung tuyn (BM): 2 x + y + 1 = 0 v

phn gic trong (CD): x + y 1 = 0 .Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
A
Gii
im C(CD): x + y 1 = 0 C ( t ;1 t )
trung im M ca AC l M t + 1 ; 3 t
2
2
im M(BM): 2 x + y + 1 = 0
( )
2 t + 1 + 3 t + 1 = 0 t = 7 C ( 7;8 )
2
2
T A(1;2) k (AK) (CD): x + y 1 = 0 ti I (im K ( BC ) )

Suy ra (AK): ( x 1) ( y 2) = 0 x y + 1 = 0
x + y 1 = 0
Ta ca I tha h:
I ( 0;1) . Tam gic ACK cn ti C nn
x y + 1 = 0
x = 2 x I x A = 1
I l trung im ca AK Ta ca K: K
K ( 1; 0 )
yK = 2yI y A = 0
y
ng thng BC i qua C, K nn c phng trnh: x + 1 = 4 x + 3 y + 4 = 0
7 + 1 8
16
Bi 8. Vit phng trnh ng thng () i qua M(4; 1) v ct cc tia Ox, Oy

ln lt ti A v B theo cc trng hp sau:
a. Din tch OAB nh nht.
b. Tng OA + OB nh nht.
Gii
Gi s () ct tia Ox ti A(a; 0) v Oy ti B(0; b) (vi a, b > 0)

y
suy (): x + = 1 . Do M(4; 1) () nn 4 + 1 = 1 b = a a > 4
a b
a b
a4
a. Ta c: 1 = 4 + 1 2 4 = 4 S OAB = 1 OA.OB = ab 8
2
2
a b
ab
ab
Du bng xy ra 4 = 1 = 1 a = 8; b = 2 (): x + 4 y 8 = 0
a b 2
b. OA + OB = a + b = a +
a = a 4 + 4 + 5 2 ( a 4) 4 + 5 = 9
a4
a4
a4
Du bng xy ra a 4 =
4 = 2 a = 6 b = 3 () : x + 2 y 6 = 0
a4
Bi 9. Lp phng trnh ng thng () i qua im M(2; 1) v to vi

ng thng (d): 2 x + 3 y + 4 = 0 mt gc 45 o
Gii
Phng trnh () i qua im M c dng: A ( x 2 ) + B ( y 1) = 0 ( A 2 + B 2 0 )

Ax + By 2 A B = 0 v c vect php tuyn n1 = ( A; B )

ng thng (d) c VTPT l n 2 = ( 2; 3) . () hp vi (d) mt gc 45 o th:

n1 .n 2
2 A + 3B
2 2 ( 2 A + 3B ) 2 = 13 ( A 2 + B 2 )
o
=
= cos 45
2
n1 . n 2
A2 + B 2 . 4 + 9
( 1 ) : 5 x + y 11 = 0
A = 5B
5B 2 + 24 AB 5 A 2 = 0
B = 5 A ( 2 ) : x 5 y + 3 = 0
Vy c hai ng thng cn tm l ( 1 ) : 5 x + y 11 = 0 ; ( 2 ) : x 5 y + 3 = 0
Bi 10. Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit A(1; 0), B(0; 2)
v giao im I ca hai ng cho nm trn ng thng y = x .
Tm ta nh C v D.
Gii
17

Ta c: AB = ( 1; 2 ) AB = 5
Phng trnh (AB) l: 2 x + y 2 = 0
y=x
I
I ( d ) : y = x I ( t; t )
I l trung im ca AC v BD nn ta c:
C ( 2t 1; 2t ) , D ( 2t ; 2t 2 )
Mt khc: S ABCD = AB.CH = 4 (CH: chiu cao) CH = 4

5
Ngoi ra: d ( C, ( AB ) ) = CH
( ) ( )
t = 4 C 5 ; 8 , D 8 ; 2
6t 4
3 3
3 3
= 4 3t 2 = 2 3
5
5
t = 0 C ( 1;0) , D ( 0; 2)
( ) ( )
Vy ta ca C v D l C 5 ; 8 , D 8 ; 2 hoc C ( 1; 0 ) , D ( 0; 2 )
3 3
3 3
Bi 11. Cho A ( 0; 6 ) , B ( 2; 5 ) . Tm trn ( d ) : x 2 y + 2 = 0 im M sao cho:
a. MA + MB c gi tr nh nht.
b. MA MB c gi tr ln nht.
Gii
t f ( x, y ) = x 2 y + 2 .
f ( A ) = 10
Ta c:
f ( A) . f ( B ) > 0
f ( B ) = 6
Suy ra hai im A v B nm cng pha

i vi ng thng (d)
(d)
M0
1. Gi A l i xng ca A qua (d)

Ta c: MA + MB = MA + MB AB (c nh)
min ( MA + MB ) = AB , t c khi ba im A, M , B thng hng
M = ( A B ) ( d )
( AA ) ( d ) ( AA ) : 2 x + y + C = 0
A ( AA ) C = 6 ( AA ) : 2 x + y 6 = 0
2 x + y 6 = 0
Gi H = ( AA ) ( d ) th ta ca H tha mn h:
H ( 2; 2 )
x 2 y + 2 = 0
x A = 2 x H x A = 4
A i xng vi A qua (d) nn ta c:
A ( 4; 2 )
y A = 2 y H y A = 2
18
y+2
Phng trnh ng thng ( AB ) l x 4 =
7 x + 2 y 24 = 0
24 5+2
x = 11
x 2 y + 2 = 0
9
Ta ca M tha h:
M 11 ; 19
4 8
7
x
+
2
y
24
=
0
19
y =
8
2. Ta c: MA MB AB (c nh)
max MA MB = AB , t c khi ba im M, A, B thng hng
M = ( AB ) ( d ) . Phng trnh ng thng (AB) l: x + 2 y 12 = 0
Ta ca M l nghim ca h phng trnh:

x = 5
x 2 y + 2 = 0
M 5; 7
7
2
x + 2 y 12 = 0
y = 2
( )
Bi 12. Cho ( D1 ) : kx y + k = 0 v ( D2 ) : (1 k ) x + 2ky (1 + k 2 ) = 0

2
a. Chng minh khi k thay i ( D1 ) lun lun qua mt im c nh.

b. Tm giao im ca ( D1 ) v ( D 2 ) suy ra qu tch giao im ny khi k thay i.
Gii
a. Ta c ( D1 ) t: k ( x + 1) y = 0 . Ta im c nh m ( D1 ) lun i qua l
x + 1 = 0
nghim ca
x = 1, y = 0 . Vy ( D1 ) lun qua im A(1, 0).
y = 0
b. Ta giao im ca ( D1 ) v ( D 2 ) l nghim ca h phng trnh

kx y = k
1 k 2 , y = 2k
gii
h
ta
c
x
=
2
2
1+ k 2
1+ k 2
(1 k ) + 2ky = 1 + k
2
Vy ( D1 ) ( D 2 )
2
2
2
= M 1 k 2 , 2k 2 x 2 + y 2 = 1 k 2 + 2k 2 = 1
1+ k 1+ k
1+ k
1 + k
Do qu tch ca M l ng trn tm O bn knh R = 1.

Bi 13. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho cc im A(0; 1), B(2; 1) v cc ng thng
d 1 : ( m 1) x + ( m 2 ) y + 2 m = 0 ; d 2 : ( 2 m ) x + ( m 1) y + 3m 5 = 0
a. Chng minh d 1 v d 2 lun ct nhau.

b. Gi P l giao im ca d 1 v d 2 , tm m sao cho PA + PB ln nht.
19
Gii
( m 1) x + ( m 2 ) y + 2 m = 0
m 1
a. Xt
c: D =
2m
( 2 m ) x + ( m 1) y + 3m 5 = 0
Dx =
m2
2m
m 1
3m 5
Do D = 2 m 3
2
= 4m 2 14m + 12 ; D y =
m2
m 1
2m
m 1
3m 5
2m
= 2m 2 6 m + 5
= 2m 2 + 4m 1
+ 1 > 0, nn h phng trnh c nghim duy nht.

2
Vy d 1 v d 2 lun lun ct nhau ti im P (pcm)

b. Tm m PA + PB ln nht
D x 4m 2 14m + 12
2 2m
=2+
x = D =
2m 2 6m + 5
2m 2 6m + 5
Ta ca P l:
y = D y = 2m 2 + 4m 1 = 1 +
4 2m
2
2
D
2m 6m + 5
2m 6m + 5

2
2m 2
2m 4
4
Ta c: PA = 2 +
; 2+
PA = 8
2
2
2
2m 6m + 5
2m 6m + 5
2m 6m + 5

2
2m 2
2m 4
4
PB =
;
PB =
2
2
2
2
m
6
m
+
5
2
m
6
m
+
5
2
m
6m + 5
Suy ra: PA 2 + PB 2 = 8 . Theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski, ta c:
( PA + PB ) 2 2 ( PA 2 + PB 2 ) = 16 PA + PB 4 max ( PA + PB ) = 4 , t c
m = 1
4
4
=
m 2 3m + 2 = 0
2
2m 6m + 5 2m 6m + 5
m = 2

Cch 2: d 1 v d 2 c vect php tuyn l: n1 = ( m 1; m 2 ) , n 2 = ( 2 m; m 1)

Ta c n1 .n 2 = ( m 1) ( 2 m ) + ( m 2 ) ( m 1) = 0 nn d 1 d 2 ti im P.
PA = PB PA2 = PB 2 8
rng A d 1 , B d 2 v AB = 2 2 nn theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski th
( PA + PB ) 2 2 ( PA 2 + PB 2 ) = 2 AB 2 = 16 PA + PB 4 max ( PA + PB ) = 4 ,
t c khi PA = PB PAB vung cn ti P d
, AB = 45 o

n
AB .n1
Ta c: cos 45 o =

n AB . n1
2

= 1 ; ( n AB = (1,1) )
2
2
2
2. ( m 1) + ( m 2 )
2m 3
( 2m 3) = 2m 2 6m + 5 m 2 3m + 2 = 0 m = 1 m = 2
20
Bi 3. ng trn
NG TRN
I. PHNG TRNH:
2
2
1. Dng chnh tc: ( C ) : ( x a ) + ( y b ) = R 2 Tm I(a, b) ; bn knh R.
2. Dng khai trin: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2ax 2by + c = 0

Tm I(a, b) ; bn knh R = a 2 + b 2 c vi a 2 + b 2 c > 0
II. TIP TUYN:
2
2
1. ( C ) : ( x a ) + ( y b ) = R 2 Tip tuyn ti M 0 ( x0 , y 0 ) ( C ) :
( x0 a )( x x0 ) + ( y0 b )( y y0 ) = 0
2. ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2ax 2by + c = 0 Tip tuyn ti M 0 ( x0 , y 0 ) ( C ) :
x0 x + y 0 y a ( x + x0 ) b ( y + y 0 ) + c = 0
3. ( D ) : Ax + By + C = 0 tip xc (I, R) d ( I , ( D ) ) = R
III. PHNG TCH:
( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2ax 2by + c = 0 ; im M(m, n)
> 0 : M nm ngoi
( M ( C ) ) = m 2 + n 2 2am 2bn + c < 0 : M nm trong
= 0 : M ( C )
IV. TRC NG PHNG:
( C1 ) : f ( x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 2a1 x 2b1 y + c1 = 0
( C 2 ) : g ( x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 2a 2 x 2b2 y + c2 = 0
P ( M C ) =P ( M C ) f ( x, y) = g ( x, y) 2 ( a a ) x + 2 (b b ) y + ( c
1
c1 ) = 0
V. CC DNG BI TP C BN
A. XC NH PHNG TRNH NG TRN THEO CC YU T HNH HC CHO TRC
1. VPT ng trn ng knh AB bit A(4, 1); B(3, 5)

2. VPT ng trn i qua A(2, 0); B(0, 1); C(1, 2)
3. VPT ng trn i qua A(2, 3); B(1, 1) v tm x 3 y 11 = 0
4. VPT ng trn tm I(1, 2) v tip xc ( D ) : x 2 y 2 = 0
5. VPT ng trn i qua A(1, 2) v tip xc ( D ) : 3 x 4 y + 2 = 0 ti (2, 1)
21
6. VPT ng trn i qua A(6, 3); B(3, 2) v tip xc ( D ) : x + 2 y 2 = 0

7. VPT ng trn tm ( ) : x + y 5 = 0 ; R = 10 v tip xc ( D) :3x + y 3 = 0
8. VPT ng trn tm I(3, 1) v ct ( ) : x 2 y + 4 = 0 mt on c di = 4
9. Vit phng trnh ng trn tm ( ) : 4 x + 3 y 2 = 0 v tip xc vi
( D1 ) : x + y + 4 = 0
v ( D2 ) : 7 x y + 4 = 0
10. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua O(0, 0) v tip xc vi 2 ng thng
( D1 ) : 2 x + y 1 = 0; ( D2 ) : 2 x y + 2 = 0
11. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua A(4, 2) v tip xc vi 2 ng thng
( D1 ) : x 3 y 2 = 0; ( D2 ) : x 3 y + 18 = 0
12. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua A(1, 2) v cc giao im ca
( D ) : x 7 y + 10 = 0 vi ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2 x + 4 y 20 = 0
B. S TNG GIAO GIA NG THNG V NG TRN
( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2 x 4 y = 0
1.
( D ) : x + y 1 = 0
2
2
( C ) : x + y + 6 x + 4 y + 9 = 0
2.
( D ) : x y + 2 = 0
( C ) : x 2 + y 2 8 x 2 y + 1 = 0
3.
( D ) : 2 x y + 1 = 0
C. S TNG GIAO GIA 2 NG TRN
(C1 ) : ( I1 , R1 )
(C 2 ) : ( I 2 , R2 )
R1 R2 < d < R1 + R2 : (C1 ), (C 2 ) ct nhau
d = R1 + R2 : tip xc ngoi
d = I1 I 2 d = R1 R2 : tip xc trong
d > R1 + R2 : ngoi nhau
d < R1 R2 : trong nhau
2
2
(C1 ) : x + y 4 x 6 y + 4 = 0
1.
(C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 10 x 14 y + 70 = 0
2
2
(C1 ) : x + y 2 x 6 y 15 = 0
2.
(C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x 2 y 3 = 0
2
2
(C1 ) : x + y + 6 x 10 y + 24 = 0
3.
(C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x 4 y 12 = 0
2
2
(C1 ) : x + y + 2 x 4 y 5 = 0
4.
(C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 x 5 y + 4 = 0
22
Bi 3. ng trn
D. QU TCH TM NG TRN
1. ( C m ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4mx 2my + 2m + 3 = 0
2. ( C m ) : x 2 + y 2 2 e m x + 4 e m y 1 + e 2 m = 0
3. ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2 ( cos 2 ) x ( 2 sin ) y + 1 = 0
4. ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2 (1 + cos ) x + 2 (1 sin ) y + sin 2 = 0
E. NG THNG TIP XC NG TRN C NH
1. D : ( x 1) cos + ( y 1) sin 4 = 0
2. D : x cos + y sin + 2 cos + 1 = 0
3. D : x sin y cos + 3sin + 2 cos 6 = 0
4. D : x cos + y sin 2 cos sin 9 = 0
5. D : x cos 2 y sin 2 + cos 2 3 = 0
F. TIP TUYN VI NG TRN
1. VPT tip tuyn ti giao im ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 4 x 4 y 5 = 0 vi Ox.

2. VPT tip tuyn ti giao im ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 x 7 y = 0 vi 3x + 4 y 3 = 0
3. VPT tip tuyn ca ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2 x + 8 y + 1 = 0 // vi 5 x + 12 y 6 = 0
4. VPT tip tuyn ca ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x + 2 y + 5 = 0 // vi 2 x + y + 4 = 0
5. VPT tip tuyn ca ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x 2 y + 5 = 0 vi 2 x y 1 = 0
6. VPT tip tuyn ca ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x + 2 y = 0 vi 3x y + 6 = 0
7. VPT tip tuyn ca ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x 8 y 19 = 0 (45) vi 2 x y + 1 = 0
8. VPT tip tuyn
a. i qua A(1, 1) n: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 4 x + 6 y + 4 = 0
b. i qua A(3, 3) n: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 x 7 y = 0
c. i qua A(1, 3) n: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x + 2 y + 6 = 0
d. i qua A(3, 4) n: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 4 x 2 y = 0
e. i qua A(5, 7) n: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 4 x 4 y 5 = 0
g. i qua A(4, 7) n: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x 4 y = 0
f. i qua A(3, 1) n: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 4 x 3 y = 0
23
9. Cho ( C m ) : x 2 + y 2 + 2 ( m 1) x 2 ( m 2 ) y + m 2 8m + 13 = 0
a. Tm qu tch tm I ca h ng trn.
n ng trn (C4)
b. VPT tip tuyn i qua A(1, 5)
10. VPT tip tuyn chung ca 2 ng trn:

(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 4 x 8 y + 11 = 0
(C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 2 x 2 y 2 = 0
(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 2 x + 2 y 2 = 0
(C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x 2 y + 9 = 0
(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 10 x + 24 y 56 = 0
(C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 2 x 4 y 20 = 0
(C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x + 5 = 0
2
2
(C 2 ) : x + y 12 x 6 y + 44 = 0
11. ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 1 = 0; ( C m ) : x 2 + y 2 2 ( m + 1) x + 4my 5 = 0
a. Tm qu tch tm I ca h ng trn ( C m )
b. CMR: C 2 ng trn ca h ( C m ) tip xc vi (C). Vit PTTT chung khi .
G. NG DNG TH NG TRN TRN CC BI TON I S
1. Cho 8a + 6b = a 2 + b2 + 16 . Tm Max, Min S = 4a + 3b

2. Cho a 2 + b 2 + 1 = 2 ( a + b ) v c 2 + d 2 + 36 = 12 ( c + d ) .
2
2
Chng minh rng: 5 2 7 ( a c ) `+ ( b d ) 5 2 + 7
3. Cho a 2 + b 2 = 1 v c + d = 6 . Chng minh rng: c 2 + d 2 2ac 2bd 18 6 2

x 2 + y 2 = 2 ( m + 1)
4. Tm m h sau c ng 2 nghim
( x + y ) 2 = 4
x + my m = 0
5. Tm m h sau c 2 nghim phn bit
x 2 + y 2 x = 0
2
Chng minh rng: ( x2 x1 ) + ( y 2 y1 ) 1

x + y =1
6. Tm m h sau c nghim
x 2 + y 2 < m
x 1 + y +1 =1
7. Tm m h c nhiu nghim nht
x 2 + y 2 = m
24
Bi 3. ng trn
VI. MT S BI TP MU MINH HA V PHNG TRNH NG TRN
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I(3; 1) v chn trn ng

thng (): x 2 y + 4 = 0 mt dy cung c di bng 4.
Gii
I
Gi s (C) chn trn mt dy cung c di bng 4.

T I k IH AB ti H th H l trung im ca AB.
()
Khi : HA = 1 AB = 2 v IH = d ( I , ) = 5
2
Gi R l bn knh ca (C) ta c: R = IH 2 + HA 2 = 5 + 4 = 3
2
2
Phng trnh ca (C) l: ( x 3) + ( y 1) = 9
Bi 2. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua hai im A(2; 3), B(1, 1) v
c tm nm trn ng thng : x 3 y 11 = 0 .
Gii
Cch 1: Gi I, R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C). Ta c:
im I ( ) I ( 3t + 11; t ) . im A, B ( C ) IA = IB = R IA 2 = IB 2
2
2
2
2
( 3t + 9 ) + ( 3 t ) = ( 3t + 12 ) + (1 t ) t = 5 I 7 ; 5 , R = 65
2
2 2
2
Phng trnh ca (C) l: x 7

2
) + ( y + 52 )
= 65 x 2 + y 2 7 x + 5 y 14 = 0
2
Cch 2: Gi s (C) : x 2 + y 2 2ax 2by + c = 0 . Tm ca (C) l I(a; b) ()

4a 6b + c = 13 ( 2 )
suy ra: a 3b 11 = 0 (1). Ta c: A, B ( C )
2a 2b + c = 2 ( 3)
T (1), (2), (3) ta c: a = 7 , b = 5 , c = 14 . Vy (C): x 2 + y 2 7 x + 5 y 14 = 0

2
2
Bi 3. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai im A(0; 5), B(2; 3). Vit phng trnh
ng trn (C) i qua hai im A, B v c bn knh R = 10 .
Gii
Gi I ( a; b ) l tm ca (C). T gi thit, ta c: IA = IB = R = 10
2
2
2
2
IA 2 = IB 2
a + ( 5 b ) = ( 2 a ) + ( 3 b )
b = a + 3
2
2
2
2
a 2a 3 = 0
a + ( 5 b ) = 10
IA = 10
25
a = 1 a = 3
. Vy c hai ng trn cn tm l:
b = 2 b = 6
( C1 ) : ( x + 1)
+ ( y 2 ) = 10; ( C 2 ) : ( x 3) + ( y 6 ) = 10
Bi 4. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I ( ) : x + y 5 = 0 ;

bn knh R = 10 v tip xc vi ng thng ( d ) :3 x + y 3 = 0
Gii
Tm I ( ) I ( t ;5 t ) . ng trn (C) tip xc vi ( d ) d ( I , ( d ) ) = R
t = 4 I ( 4;1)
2t + 2
= 10 t + 1 = 5
10
t = 6 I ( 6;11)
Vy c hai ng trn cn tm l:
( C1 ) : ( x 4 )
+ ( y 1) = 10 ; ( C 2 ) : ( x + 6 ) + ( y 11) = 10
Bi 5. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I ( ) :2 x + y = 0

v tip xc vi ng thng ( d ) : x 7 y + 10 = 0 ti im A(4; 2).
Gii
Cch 1: Ta c tm I ( ) I ( t ; 2t ) IA = 5t 2 + 20 .
ng trn (C) tip xc vi (d) ti A d ( I , ( d ) ) = IA
3t + 2
= 5t 2 + 20
2
( 3t + 2 ) = 2 ( 5t 2 + 20 ) t 2 12t + 36 = 0 t = 6 I ( 6; 12 ) , R = 10 2
2
2
2
Vy phng trnh ng trn (C) l: ( x 6 ) + ( y + 12 ) = 200
Cch 2: Gi I, R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C).

Gi (d) l ng thng vung gc vi (d) ti A ( d ) :7 x + y + c = 0
A ( d ) c = 30 ( d ) :7 x + y 30 = 0
( )
Do (C) tip xc vi (d) ti A nn I ( d )
Mt khc I ( ) nn ta I tha mn h
7 x + y 30 = 0
I ( 6; 12 ) IA = 10 2
2 x + y = 0
2
(d)
A
2
Vy phng trnh ca (C) l: ( x 6 ) + ( y + 12 ) = 200 .
26
Bi 3. ng trn
Bi 6. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c bn knh R = 5 v tip xc vi

ng thng ( ) :3 x 4 y 31 = 0 ti im A(1; 7).
Gii
x = 1 + 3t
ng thng (d) () ti A(1; 7) c phng trnh tham s (d):
y = 7 4t
Do (C) tip xc vi () ti A nn c tm I ( d ) I (1 + 3t , 7 4t )
Mt khc: d ( I , ( ) ) = R
t = 1 I = ( 2, 3)
25t
= 5 t =1
5
t = 1 I ( 4, 11)
Vy c hai ng trn cn tm l:
( C1 ) : ( x + 2 )
+ ( y + 3) = 25 ; ( C 2 ) : ( x 4 ) + ( y + 11) = 25
Bi 7. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua im A(6; 4) v tip xc vi

ng thng ( ) : x + 2 y 5 = 0 ti im B(3; 1).
Gii
Gi I, R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C); ng thng (d)() ti B(3;1)
( d ) :2( x 3) ( y 1) = 0 ( d ) : 2 x y 5 = 0
Do (C) tip xc vi () ti B nn tm I ( d ) I ( t; 2t 5 )
2
Mt khc: IA = IB IA 2 = IB 2 ( 6 t ) + ( 9 2t ) = ( 3 t ) + ( 6 2t ) t = 4
2
2
I ( 4;3) ; R = IA = 5 . Phng trnh ng trn (C) l: ( x 4 ) + ( y 3) = 5 .
Bi 8. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I ( ) :4 x + 3 y 2 = 0 ;

tip xc vi hai ng thng ( d 1 ) : x + y + 4 = 0 v ( d 2 ) :7 x y + 4 = 0 .
Gii
x = 1 3t
Phng trnh tham s ca () l:
y = 2 + 4t
Ta c: I ( ) I ( 1 3t; 2 + 4t ) . Gi R l bn knh ca (C)
(C) tip xc vi ( d 1 ) v ( d 2 ) d ( I , ( d 1 ) ) = d ( I , ( d 2 ) ) = R
t = 1 I ( 4; 6 ) , R = 3 2
t + 5 5t + 1
=
t + 5 = 5t + 1
2
2
t = 1 I ( 2; 2 ) , R = 2 2
2
2
2
2
Vy ( C ) : ( x + 4 ) + ( y 6 ) = 18 hoc ( C ) :( x 2 ) + ( y + 2 ) = 8
27
Bi 9. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) tip xc vi trc honh ti A(2; 0) v

khong cch t tm ca (C) n im B(6; 4) bng 5.
Gii
Gi I(a; b) v R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C)
Do (C) tip xc vi trc Ox ti A nn ta c: x I = x A = 2 I ( 2; b ) v R = b
2
Mt khc: IB = 5 IB 2 = 25 ( 6 2 ) + ( 4 b ) = 25 ( b 4 ) = 9
b = 7 I ( 2;7 ) , R = 7
. Vy c hai ng trn cn tm l:
b = 1 I ( 2;1) , R = 1
( C1 ) : ( x 2 )
+ ( y 7 ) = 49; ( C 2 ) : ( x 2 ) + ( y 1) = 1
Bi 10. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng ( d ) : x 7 y + 10 = 0 v ng

trn ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2 x + 4 y 20 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua
im A(1; 2) v cc giao im ca ng thng d v ng trn (C').
Gii
ng trn (C) qua giao im ca (d) v (C') nn phng trnh c dng:
x 2 + y 2 2 x + 4 y 20 + m ( x 7 y + 10 ) = 0
A ( C ) m = 1 ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 x 3 y 10 = 0
Bi 11. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 12 x 4 y + 36 = 0 .

Vit phng trnh ng trn ( C1 ) tip xc vi hai ta Ox, Oy ng thi
tip xc ngoi vi ng trn (C).
Gii
ng trn (C) c tm I(6; 2), bn knh R = 2.
Gi I 1 ( a; b ) , R1 ln lt l tm v bn knh ca ( C1 ) .
( C1 )
tip xc vi hai trc Ox, Oy nn ta c: d ( I 1 , Oy ) = d ( I 1 , Ox ) = R1
a = b, R1 = a
a = b = R1
a = b, R1 = a
( C1 )
tip xc vi
( C ) II 1 = R1 + R II 12 = ( R1 + R ) 2 ( a 6 ) 2 + ( b 2 ) 2 = ( R1 + 2 ) 2 (1)
Trng hp 1: a = b, R1 = a
28
Bi 3. ng trn
2
(1) ( a 6 ) 2 + ( a 2 ) 2 = ( a + 2 ) a 2 16a 4 a + 36 = 0
a > 0
a < 0
2
2
: v nghim
a 20a + 36 = 0 a 12a + 36 = 0
a = 18 I 1 (18;18 ) , R1 = 18
a = 2 I 2 ( 2; 2 ) , R 2 = 2
Trng hp 2: a = b, R1 = a
2
(1) ( a 6 ) 2 + ( a + 2 ) 2 = ( a + 2 ) a 2 8a 4 a + 36 = 0
a > 0
a < 0
2
2
: v nghim
a 12a + 36 = 0 a 4a + 36 = 0
a = 6 I 1 ( 6; 6 ) , R1 = 6 . Vy c ba ng trn cn tm l:
( x 18 ) 2 + ( y 18 ) 2 = 324; ( x 2 ) 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 = 4; ( x 6 ) 2 + ( y + 6 ) 2 = 36
Bi 12. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ba im A(1; 7), B(4; 3), C(4; 1). Hy
vit phng trnh ng trn (C) ni tip tam gic ABC.
Gii
Gi I(a; b), R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C).
Gi M(x; y) l chn ng phn gic trong ca gc A trong tam gic ABC.

5 5
Ta c: MB = AB =
MB = 5 MC . Suy ra M chia on BC theo t s
3
MC AC 3 5
x kx C
x= B
= 1
1 k
k = 5 nn ta c ta im M l: M :
M 1; 1
3
2
y
ky
C
y = B
=1
1 k
2

I l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC nn IA = BA = 2 IA = 2 IM
IM BM
x A kx M
x = 1 k = 1
Suy ra im I chia on AM theo t s k = 2 I :
I ( 1; 2 )
y = y A ky M = 2
1 k
Phng trnh cnh (AB) l: 2 x + y 5 = 0 R = d ( I , ( AB ) ) = 5

2
2
Phng trnh ng trn (C) l: ( x + 1) + ( y 2 ) = 5 .
29
Bi 13. Lp phng trnh ng thng ( ) i qua gc ta O v ct ng

2
2
trn (C): ( x 1) + ( y + 3) = 25 theo mt dy cung c di bng 8.
Gii
ng trn (C) c tm I(1; 3) v bn knh R = 5.
Phng trnh ng thng qua O l: ax + by = 0
( a 2 + b 2 > 0)
Gi s ( ) ct (C) theo dy cung AB c di bng 8.

K IH ( ) ti H th H l trung im ca on AB HA = AB = 4
2
Tam gic IHA vung ti H, ta c: IH = IA 2 HA 2 = 25 16 = 3 . Mt khc:
d ( I , ( ) ) = IH
a 3b
2
a +b
= 3 ( a 3b ) = 9 ( a 2 + b 2 ) 4a 2 + 3ab = 0
2
A = 0 : chon B = 1
. Suy ra: ( 1 ) : y = 0; ( 2 ) : 3 x 4 y = 0 .
B = 4 A : chon A = 3, B = 4
3
Bi 14. Trong mt phng vi h ta cac vung gc Oxy, cho ng trn

(C) c phng trnh: x 2 + y 2 + 2 x 4 y 20 = 0 v im A(3; 0). Vit phng
trnh ng thng ( ) i qua im A v ct ng trn (C) theo mt dy cung
MN sao cho a. MN c di ln nht.
b. MN c di nh nht.
Gii
a. ng trn (C) c tm I(1,2), bn knh R = 5
Dy MN ln nht khi MN l ng knh ca (C).
Do ( ) l ng thng i qua hai im A, I.

y
Phng trnh ca ( ) l: x 3 = x + 2 y 3 = 0
1 3 2

b. Ta c: IA = ( 4; 2 ) IA = 2 5
N
H
K IH MN ti H. Dy MN nh nht khi IH ln nht.

Ta c: IH IA = 2 5 IH max = 2 5 khi H A ( ) IA ti A

( ) qua A v nhn IA lm vect php tuyn c phng trnh:
4 ( x 3) 2 ( y 0 ) = 0 2 x y 6 = 0
30
()
Bi 3. ng trn
Bi 15. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh:

x 2 + y 2 2x + 4 y + 4 = 0 . Vit PT ng thng ( ) // ( d ) : 3x + 4 y 7 = 0
v chia ng trn (C) thnh hai cung m t s di bng 2.

m
Gii
ng trn (C) c tm I (1; 2 ) v bn knh R = 1
( ) // ( d ) ( ) : 3 x + 4 y + c = 0 ( c 7 )
(d)
Gi s ( ) chia hai ng trn (C)

thnh hai cung
AmB v
AnB sao cho:
H
n
s
AmB = 2 s
AnB s
AnB =120
AIB = 120 o
= 60 o IH = IA.cos 60 o = 1
AIH = 1 AIB
K IH AB ti H, ta c:
2
2
Mt khc: d ( I , ) = IH
c5 1
= c = 15 c = 5
5
2
2
2
Vy c hai ng thng cn tm l: ( 1 ) : 3 x + 4 y + 15 = 0; ( 2 ) : 3 x + 4 y + 5 = 0
2
2
Bi 16. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 2 x + 4 y + 4 = 0 c tm I v im M(1; 3). Vit phng trnh ng
thng (d) i qua im M v ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A v b sao cho tam
gic IAB c din tch ln nht.
Gii
ng trn (C) c tm I(1; 2), bn knh R = 3.
Phng trnh ng thng (d) qua M c dng:

a ( x + 1) + b ( y + 3) = 0 ( a + b 0 ) ax + by + a + 2b = 0 A
2
(d)
H
AIB v ( 0; )
Din tch tam gic IAB l: S = 1 IA.IB sin = 9 , vi =
2
2
max S = 9 t c khi sin = 1 = .
2
2
1

K IH AB ti H, ta c: AIH = AIB = IH = IA.cos = 3 . Mt khc:
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
d ( I , ( d ) ) = IH 2 ( 2a + b ) = 9 ( a + b ) 7b 8ab + a = 0 b = a a = 7b .
Vy c hai ng thng cn tm l: ( d 1 ) : x + y + 4 = 0; ( d 2 ) :7 x + y + 10 = 0 .
31

VII. TIP TUYN CHUNG CA HAI NG TRN
2
Cho ( C1 ) : ( x a1 ) + ( y b1 ) = R12 v ( C 2 ) : ( x a 2 ) + ( y b2 ) = R22 .

Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn (C1) v (C2).
1. PHNG PHP TNG QUT:
(C1) c tm I1 ( a1 ; b1 ) bn knh R1 v (C 2) c tm I 2 ( a 2 ; b2 ) bn knh R2.

Xt (): Ax + By + C = 0
( A 2 + B 2 0 ) l tip tuyn chung ca (C1) v (C2).
d I , = R1
Aa1 + Bb1 + C
Aa 2 + Bb2 + C
( 1 )
= R1 ;
= R1

A2 + B 2
A2 + B 2
d ( I 2 , ) = R2
T suy ra h 2 phng trnh ba n A, B, C. Gii 2 n theo 1 n ri rt gn

(v d: gii A, C theo B) suy ra phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C1) v (C2).
V d: Cho ( C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 = 9 v ( C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 6 x + 8 = 0 .
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C1) v (C 2).
Gii:
( C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 = 9
c tm I1 O ( 0; 0 ) bn knh R1 = 3 ;
( C 2 ) : ( x 3) 2 + y 2 = 1 c tm
Xt (): Ax + By + C = 0
I 2 ( 3; 0 ) bn knh R2 = 1.
( A 2 + B 2 0 ) l tip tuyn chung ca (C1) v (C2).
A.0 + B.0 + C
=3
2
2
d ( I 1 , ) =
( )
2
2
C = 3 A + B 1
+
A
B
d ( I 2 , ) = 3 A + 0.B + C = 1
3 A + C = A2 + B 2 ( 2)
2
2
A +B
C =
C = 9 A + 3C
C = 3 3A + C
C = 9 A 3C
C =
9 A
2
9 A
4
Xt C = 9 A : T h thc (1) ta suy ra:

2
5
A A0
3A = A2 + B 2 9 A2 = A2 + B 2 5 A2 = B 2 B =
2
4
4
2
(): Ax
32
5
5
Ay 9 A = 0 x
y 9 = 0 2x 5 y 9 = 0
2
2
2
2
Bi 3. ng trn
Xt C = 9 A : T h thc (1) ta suy ra:

4
3 A = A 2 + B 2 9 A 2 = A 2 + B 2 7 A 2 + B 2 = 0 A = B = 0 v l
4
16
16
Vy (C1) v (C2) c 2 ng tip tuyn chung l:
( d1 ) : 2 x
5 y 9 = 0 v ( d 2 ) : 2 x + 5 y 9 = 0
2. PHNG PHP TIP IM:
Gi s tip tuyn chung tip xc vi (C1) ti M ( x0 , y 0 ) ( C1 ) , khi
( x0 a1 ) 2 + ( y0 b1 ) 2 = R12
(1)
v phng trnh tip tuyn c dng (): ( x0 a1 )( x x0 ) + ( y0 b1 )( y y0 ) = 0

() tip xc (C2) d ( I 2 , ) = R2
( x0 a1 )( a2 x0 ) + ( y0 b1 )( b2 y0 )
( x0 a1 )
+ ( y0 b1 )
= R2 (2)
( x a ) 2 + ( y b ) 2 = R 2
1
0
1
1
0
T (1), (2)
( x0 a1 )( a 2 x0 ) + ( y 0 b1 )( b2 y 0 ) = R1 R2
Gii h ta M ( x0 , y 0 ) Phng trnh tip tuyn.

V d: Cho ( C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 = 4 v ( C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 2 x 2 y + 1 = 0 .
Gii: (C1) c tm I1 O ( 0; 0 ) bn knh R1 = 2;
( C 2 ) : ( x 1) 2 + ( y 1) 2 = 1 c tm
I 2 (1;1) bn knh R2 = 1
Gi s tip tuyn chung tip xc vi (C1) ti M ( x0 , y 0 ) , khi x02 + y 02 = 4 (1)

v phng trnh tip tuyn c dng: (): x0 x + y 0 y 4 = 0 .
ng thng () tip xc vi (C2) d ( I 2 , ) = R2
x0 + y 0 4
x02 + y 02
=1
x0 + y 0 = 6
y 0 = 6 x0
x0 + y 0 4 = x02 + y 02 = 2
.
x0 + y 0 = 2
y 0 = 2 x0
x0 = 2; y 0 = 0
Kt hp vi x02 + y 02 = 4
2 tip tuyn chung l: x = 2 v y = 2
x0 = 0; y 0 = 2
33

3. PHNG PHP XT CC TRNG HP V TR TNG I CA 2 NG TRN:
TH1: I1 I 2 > R1 + R2 (C1) v (C2) ngoi nhau c 4 tip tuyn chung.

Nu R1 = R2 th 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi // I1 I 2 , 2 tip tuyn chung trong ct nhau
ti K l trung im ca I1 I 2
Nu R1 R2 th 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi ct nhau ti J v 2 tip tuyn chung
trong ct nhau ti K.
I1
I2
I1
I2
TH2: I1 I 2 = R1 + R2 (C1) v (C2) tip xc ngoi c 3 tip tuyn chung.

Nu R1 = R2 th 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi song song vi I1 I 2 , tip tuyn chung
trong i qua tip im K l trung im ca I1 I 2 v vung gc vi I1 I 2 .
Nu R1 R2 th 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi ct nhau ti J, tip tuyn chung trong
i qua tip im K ca (C1), (C 2).
I1
I1
I2
I2
TH3: R1 R2 < I1 I 2 < R1 + R2 (C1) v (C2) ct nhau c 2 tip tuyn chung.

Nu R1 = R2 th 2 tip tuyn chung song song vi I1 I 2 . Nu R1 R2 th 2 tip
tuyn chung ct nhau ti J.
I1
34
I2
I1
I2
Bi 3. ng trn
TH4: I1 I 2 = R1 R2 (C1) v (C2) tip xc trong c 1 tip tuyn chung.

Nu R1 R2 th (C1) v (C2) c 1 tip tuyn
chung ti tip im K ca 2 ng trn.
I1
I2
Nu R1 = R2 th 2 ng trn trung nhau

v s tip tuyn chung
TH5: I1 I 2 < R1 R2 (C1) v (C2) nm trong nhau khng c tip tuyn chung
Cch xc nh ta im J, K:

KI1 R1 JI1
R R
Ta c:
=
=
KI1 = 1 KI 2 ; JI1 = 1 JI 2 Ta 2 im J, K
KI 2 R2 JI 2
R2
R2
Phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C1) v (C2) l phng trnh tip tuyn i
qua J, K ca (C1), (C2).
Sau khi tm c ta ca J v K, ta vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung
theo phng php sau:
Cch 1: ng thng i qua J l (): A ( x x J ) + B ( y y J ) = 0
tip xc vi (C 1) d ( I1 , ) = R1
A ( a1 x J ) + B ( b1 y J )
A2 + B 2
( A2 + B 2 > 0)
= R1
Tnh B theo A hoc tnh A theo B, rt gn ()

Cch 2: Gi s tip tuyn chung tip xc vi (C 1) ti M ( x0 , y 0 ) , khi
( x0 a1 ) 2 + ( y0 b1 ) 2 = R12 (1) v phng trnh tip tuyn () c dng:

( x0 a1 )( x x0 ) + ( y0 b1 )( y y0 ) = 0 (2)
im J () ( x0 a1 )( x J x0 ) + ( y 0 b1 )( y J y 0 ) = 0 (3).
T (1) v (3) suy ra M ( x0 , y 0 ) , thay vo (2) Phng trnh tip tuyn ()
V d 1: Cho ( C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 3 = 0 v ( C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 8 x + 12 = 0 .
Gii: (C1) tm I1 ( 2; 0 ) , R1 = 1; (C 2) tm I 2 ( 4; 0 ) , R2 = 2.
Ta c: I1 I 2 = 6 > R1 + R2 (C1) v (C2) ngoi nhau c 4 tip tuyn chung.
Hai tip tuyn chung ngoi ct nhau ti J, 2 tip tuyn chung trong ct nhau ti K

KI1 R1 JI1
=
=
KI 1 = 1 KI 2 ; JI1 = 1 JI 2 K O ( 0; 0 ) , J ( 8; 0 )
Ta c
2
2
KI 2 R2 JI 2
35
ng thng i qua J c phng trnh (): A ( x + 8 ) + By = 0

tip xc vi (C 1) d ( I1 , ) = 1
A ( 2 + 8 ) + B.0
A2 + B 2
( A2 + B 2 > 0)
=1
6 A = A 2 + B 2 35 A 2 = B 2 B = 35 A A 0
(): A ( x + 8 ) + By = 0 A ( x + 8 ) 35 Ay = 0 x 35 y + 8 = 0
( A2 + B 2 > 0)
ng thng i qua K c phng trnh (): Ax + By = 0

tip xc vi (C 1) d ( I1 , ) = 1
A ( 2 + 0 ) + B.0
A2 + B 2
=1
2 A = A2 + B 2 3A2 = B 2 B = 3 A A 0
(): Ax + By = 0 Ax 3 Ay = 0 x 3 y = 0
Vy (C1) v (C2) c 4 tip tuyn chung l: x 35 y + 8 = 0 v x 3 y = 0
2
V d 2: Cho ( C1 ) : ( x 1) + ( y 1) = 1 v ( C 2 ) : ( x + 2 ) + ( y + 3) = 16 .
Gii: (C1) tm I1 (1;1) , bn knh R1 = 1; (C 2) tm I 2 ( 2; 3) , bn knh R2 = 4.
Ta c: I1 I 2 = 5 = R1 + R2 (C1) v (C2) tip xc ngoi ti K
c 3 tip tuyn chung. Hai tip tuyn chung ngoi ct nhau ti J.

KI1 R1 JI1
Ta c
=
=
KI 1 = 1 KI 2 ; JI1 = 1 JI 2 K 2 ; 1 , J 2; 7
2
2
KI 2 R2 JI 2
5 5
3
( ) ( )
ng thng i qua J l (): A ( x 2 ) + B y 7 = 0

3
tip xc vi (C 1) d ( I1 , ) = 1
2
( A2 + B 2 > 0)
( ) =1
A (1 2 ) + B 1 7
3
A2 + B 2
A + 4 B = ( A 2 + B 2 ) 7 B 2 + 8 AB = 0 B = 0 7 B = 24 A
3
9
3
- Vi B = 24 A A 0 (): A ( x 2 ) + 24 A y 7 = 0 7 x + 24 y 30 = 0
7
7
3
- Vi B = 0 A 0 (): A ( x 2 ) = 0 x = 2
( )

ng thng qua K 2 ; 1 vi vct php tuyn I 2 I1 ( 3; 4 ) c PT: 3x + 4 y = 2
5 5
Vy (C1), (C2) c 3 tip tuyn chung l: 7 x + 24 y 30 = 0 ; x = 2 v 3x + 4 y = 2

36
Bi 4. ng Elip
NG ELIP
I. CC DNG ELIP V C IM
Trc
ln
Hnh dng Elip

y
M
Ox
(a > b)
Phng trnh v cc yu t trong Elip

2
x 2 + y = 1; a 2 = b 2 + c 2 ; e = c .
2
2
a
a
b
B2
F1 ( c ; 0 ) ; F2 ( c ; 0 ) . Tiu c: F1F2 = 2c.

A1
F1
F2 A2
2
MF1 = a + ex
MF = a ex ; ng chun x = a = a
c
e
2
B1
y
B2
2
x 2 + y = 1; b 2 = a 2 + c 2 ; e = c .
b
a2 b2
F1
F1 ( 0 ; c ) ; F2 ( 0 ; c ) . Tiu c: F1F2 = 2c.
Oy
(a < b)
A2
A1
A1(a; 0); A2(a; 0) Trc nh. A1A2 = 2a.

x
M
B1
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2
B2
a2
A1
F1
F2 A2
b2
c
= 1; a2 = b2 + c 2 ; e =
2
MF1 = a + e( x ) ; g chun
x = a +
(
)
c
MF2 = a e x
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2
B2
M F1
c
= 1;b 2 = a 2 + c 2 ; e =
F1 ( ; c ) ; F2 ( ; + c ) ; F1F2 = 2c.
A1 ( a ;) ; A2 ( + a ; ) A1A2 = 2a.
A2
A1
A1 ( a ;) ; A2 ( + a ;) A1A2 = 2a.
B1 ( ; b) ; B2 ( ; + b) B1B2 = 2b.
B1
F2
O
F1 ( c ;) ; F2 ( + c ;) ; F1F2 = 2c.
y=
(a > b)
B1(0; b); B2(0; b) Trc ln. B1B2 = 2b.

2
MF1 = b + ey
MF = b ey ; g chun y = b = b
c
e
2
F2
x=
(a < b)
A1(a; 0); A2(a; 0) Trc ln. A1A2 = 2a.

x B1(0; b); B2(0; b) Trc nh. B1B2 = 2b.
B1
B1 ( ; b) ; B2 ( ; + b) B1B2 = 2b.
2
MF1 = b + e ( y )
; g chun y = b +
c
MF2 = b e ( y )
37

II. XC NH PHNG TRNH ELIP THEO CC YU T
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F 1(8; 0); F2(8; 0) v e = 4/5
Bi 2. Vit phng trnh elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F 1(0; 4); F2(0; 4) v e = 4/5
Bi 3. Vit phng trnh elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F 1(6; 0); F2(6; 0) v a = 5
b 4
Bi 4. Vit PT elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F1(3; 0); F2(3; 0) v i qua M 5 ; 15
4
Bi 5. Vit PT elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F1(7; 0); F2(7; 0) v i qua M(2; 12)
Bi 6. Vit PT elip (E) bit 4 nh l: A1(6; 0), A2(6; 0), B1(0; 3), B2(0; 3)
Bi 7. Vit phng trnh ca elip (E) bit 2 nh ca (E) l: (4; 0), ( 0; 15 )
Bi 8. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn trc Ox,
i qua im M(8, 12) v MF1 = 20 .
Bi 9. Vit PT chnh tc ca elip (E) bit di trc ln bng 8, khong cch
hai nh lin tip A1B 1 = 5.
Bi 10. Vit PT chnh tc ca elip (E) bit mt cnh ca hnh ch nht c s l
x 2 = 0 vi di ng cho bng 6.
Bi 11. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn Oy,
e = 1 2 v khong cch 2 ng chun l 8 2 .
Bi 12. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn Ox,
M ( 5; 2) ( E) v khong cch 2 ng chun l 10.
Bi 13. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua M1 (2; 1), M 2 ( 5;1
2)
Bi 14. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua M1 ( 3 3;2) , M 2 ( 3;2 3 )
Bi 15. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua M 5 ; 2 2 v e = 4

3
5
3 5 4 5
;
Bi 16. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua M
5
5
v M nhn F1F2 Ox di gc
2
Bi 17. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua M 4 2 ; 1

3 2
v M nhn F1F2 Ox di gc
3
2
2
y
= 1 sao cho M nhn 2 tiu im di gc bng
Bi 18. Tm M(E): x +
9
4
2
y2
= 1 sao cho M nhn 2 tiu im di gc bng
Bi 19. Tm M(E): x +
100 25
38
2
3
Bi 4. ng Elip
III. MT S BI TP MU MINH HA
2
y2
Bi 1. ( E ) : x +
= 1 . Tm im M (E) tho mn: 1. C ta nguyn.
2
8
2. C tng 2 ta t:
a. Gi tr ln nht. b. Gi tr nh nht.
Gii
1. im (x, y) (E) (x, y), (x, y), (x, y) cng (E)
Ta ch cn xt M(x0, y 0) (E) vi x 0, y0 0
x0 = 0 x0 = 0, y0 = 2 2 ( loi )
x02 y02
+
= 1 x02 2 0 x0 2
Ta c:
M(1; 2)
2
8
x0 = 1 x0 = 1, y0 = 2
Vy cc im thuc (E) c ta nguyn l: (1; 2), (1; 2), (1; 2), (1; 2)
2
y2
= 1 . Theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski ta c:
2. im M(x, y) (E) x +
2
8
2 y2
2
Suy ra ( x + y ) ( 2 + 8 ) x +
= 10 10 x + y 10 . Du bng xy ra
8
2
x y
y = 4x
10 4 10
=
10 4 10
;
;
2 8
M1
;M 2
10
5
5
5
5
( x + y ) 2 = 10 x = 5
2
y2
= 1 . Tm im M (E) tho mn:
Bi 2. Cho (E): x +
9
5
a. Bn knh qua tiu im ny bng 2 ln bn knh qua tiu kia ng vi M(E)

b. M nhn on ni 2 tiu im di gc 60
c. M nhn on ni 2 tiu im di gc 90
Gii
a 2 = 9 a = 3
2
y2
a = 3
M(x, y)(E) x +
= 1 . Ta c:
2
2
2
9
5
b 2 = 5 c = a b = 4 c = 2
F1 ( 2; 0 ) , F2 ( 2; 0 ) F1 M = a + c x = 3 + 2 x ; F2 M = a c x = 3 2 x
3
3
a
a
3 + 2 x = 2 3 2 x
x = 3
F1 M = 2 F2 M
3
3
2
a. Yu cu bi ton
3 2 x = 2 3 + 2 x
2 F1 M = F2 M
x = 3
3
3
3
3 15
3
15
15
15
M 3;
M ;
M ;
M ;
4
4
2 4
2
2 4
2
(
(
)
)
39
b. Xt MF1 F2 ta c: F1 F 22 = MF12 + MF 22 2 MF1 .MF 2 cos 60

2
2
2
F1 F22 = ( MF1 + MF2 ) 3MF1 .MF ( 2 c ) = ( 2 a ) 3 MF1 .MF 2
)(
2
2
MF1 .MF 2 = 4 a 4 c 3 + 2 x 3 2 x = 20 x 2 = 21 y 2 = 25
3
3
3
3
4
12
21 5 3
21 5 3
21 5 3
21 5 3
;
;
;
;
M
M
M
M
6
2
6
2
6
6
2
c. Xt MF 1F2 ta c: F1 F 22 = MF12 + MF 22 2 M F1 .MF 2 cos 90

2
2
2
F1 F22 = ( MF1 + MF2 ) 2 MF1 .MF ( 2 c ) = ( 2 a ) 2 MF1 .MF 2
)(
2
2
MF1 .MF2 = 4a 4c 3 + 2 x 3 2 x = 10 x 2 = 9 (v nghim)
2
3
3
4
2
y2
Bi 3. Cho (E): x 2 + 2 = 1 ( a > b > 0 ) . Tiu im F1 ( c; 0 ) . Tm M(E):
a
b
a. on F1 M ngn nht.
b. on F1 M di nht.
Gii
2
y2
M(x, y) (E) x 2 + 2 = 1 . Ta c: F1 M = a + c x v a x a
a
a
b
c c x c a c F1 M a + c
a
a. Xt F1 M = a c x = a M(a; 0). Vy F1 M ngn nht khi M(a; 0).
b. Xt F1 M = a + c x = a M(a; 0). Vy F1 M di nht khi M(a; 0).
2
y2
Bi 4. Cho (E): x 2 + 2 = 1 ( a > b > 0 ) . Tm ta M(E) sao cho tip tuyn
a
b
ca (E) ti M to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic c din tch nh nht.

Gii
M(x 0, y0) (E)
x 02
a
y 02
b
= 1 . PTTT () ca (E) ti M l:
Gi A ( ) Oy ; B ( ) Ox A 0; b
y0
40
a2
, B x ;0
0
x0 x
a
y0 y
b2
=1
Bi 4. ng Elip
2
S = 1 O A.O B = 1 y A x B = 1 b
2
2
2 y0
a 2 = 1 ab b
x0
2
y0
a . Ta c:
x0
x2
y 0 x0
y2
1
1 02 + 02 = 1 S = ab
ab . Du bng xy ra
b a
2a
2 y0 x0
b 2
b a
2
2
x0 y0 1
= 2 = M1 a ; b ; M 2 a ; b ; M 3 a ; b ; M 4 a ; b
2
2
a
b
2
2
a 2
a 2
a
a
2
y2
Bi 5. Cho (E): x 2 + 2 = 1 ( a > b > 0 ) . a. CMR : b OM a M (E)
a
b
b. Tm 2 im A, B thuc (E) tho mn OA OB v S AOB nh nht.

Gii
2
2
y
M(x, y) (E) x 2 + 2 = 1 .
a
b
2
2
2
y2
y2
y2
x2 + y2
x2 + y2
Ta c: 12 < 12 x 2 + 2 x 2 + 2 x 2 + 2
1
a
b
a
a
a
b
b
b
a2
b2
b 2 x 2 + y 2 a 2 m OM = x 2 + y 2 b OM a.
b. Nu A, B l cc nh trn trc th S OAB = 1 ab . Xt A, B khc cc nh suy
2
ra phng trnh ng thng (OA) c dng y = kx, khi ta c:
(1 + k ) a b
a 2b 2
OA 2 = x A2 + y A2 = (1 + k 2 ) x A2 = 2
.
2 2
a
b
b +a k
b + a 2k 2
Do OA OB H s gc ca (OB) l 1 . Tng t ta suy ra:
k
1 + 1 a 2b 2
(1 + k 2 ) a 2b 2
(1 + k 2 ) a 2b 2
k2
1 OAOB
1
OB 2 =
= 2
S
=
.
=
OAB
2
2 ( a 2 + b 2 k 2 )( b 2 + a 2 k 2 )
a + b2k 2
b 2 + a 2 12
k
x A2
2
k 2 x 2A
Ta c:
= 1 x A2 =
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
( a 2 + b 2 k 2 )( b 2 + a 2 k 2 ) ( a + b k ) + ( b + a k ) = (1 + k )( a + b )
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
a
b
S OAB 2
. Du bng xy ra a + b k = b + a k k = 1 k = 1 .
a + b2
2 2
2 2
2 2
Do a2 b 2 a b = 1 ab Min S AOB = a2 b 2
2ab 2
a +b
a +b
ab
ab
Vy A
;
2
2
2
a + b2
a +b
ab
ab
; B
;

2
2
2
2
a +b
a +b

41
ab
ab
hoc A
;
2
2
2
a + b2
a +b
ab
ab
; B
;

2
2
2
2
a +b
a +b

2
2 2
( a 2 + b 2 k 2 )( b 2 + a 2 k 2 ) ab + abk 2 = ab (1 + k 2 ) S OAB (1 + k ) a b = ab
2
2ab (1 + k 2 )
2
y2
Bi 6. Cho A(3; 0). Tm B, C (E): x +
= 1 sao cho B, C i xng qua Ox
9
3
ng thi tho mn ABC u.

Gii
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s B(x0, y 0) v C(x0, y0) vi y 0 > 0.
x2 y2
Ta c: 0 + 0 = 1 x 02 + 3 y 02 = 9
9
3
Ta c: BC = 2 y 0 v phng trnh (BC): x = x 0 d ( A, ( BC ) ) = 3 x 0
Do AOx v B, C i xng qua Ox ABC cn ti A
suy ra ABC u d ( A, ( BC ) ) =
2
3
BC 3 x 0 = 3 y 0 3 y 02 = ( x 0 3)
2
x 02 + ( x 0 3) = 9 2 x 02 6 x 0 = 0 x 0 = 0 x 0 = 3
Vi x 0 = 3 y 0 = 0 ( loi ) . Vi x0 = 0 y 0 = 3 B ( 0; 3 ) , C ( 0; 3 )
2
y2
Bi 7. Cho (E): x 2 + 2 = 1 (a > b > 0). Chng minh rng:
a
b
Tch cc khong cch t F1, F2 n 1 tip tuyn bt k khng i.

Gii
Gi F 1(c; 0), F2(c; 0). Tip tuyn ti im M(x 0, y0) l
(d):
x0 x
a
y0 y
b
= 1 b 2 x0 x + a 2 y 0 y a 2 b 2 = 0
Tch cc khong cch F1, F2 n (d) l:

T=
b 2 x 0 c a 2 b 2
b 4 x 02 + a 4 y 02
b 2 x0 c a 2b 2
b 4 x 02 + a 4 y 02
b 4 x 02 c 2 a 4
b 4 x 02 + a 2 ( a 2 y 02 )
M(E) b 2 x 02 + a 2 y 02 = a 2 b 2 , suy ra:

b 4 x 02 ( a 2 b 2 ) a 4
T=
b
42
x 02
+a
(a
b b
x 02
b 4 a 2 x 02 b 2 x 02 a 4
b
(b
x 02
+a a
x 02
= b 2 = const
Bi 4. ng Elip
2
y2
Bi 8. Cho elip (E): x 2 + 2 = 1 (a > b > 0).
a
b
Tip tuyn (t) ct 2 ng thng x = a ti M, N

a. CMR : A1 M.A 2 N = const.
b. Xc nh (t) S F2 MN nh nht
c. Gi I A1 N An M . Tm qu tch I.
d. CMR : F1 M F1 N ; F2 M F2 N
Gii
a. Tip tuyn (t) tip xc (E) ti T(x0, y0) c PT:
(t):
x0 x
a2
y0 y
b2
2
x0 x
x 02 y 02
b
=1 y =
1 2 vi 2 + 2 = 1
y 0
a
b
a
2
2
x
x
( t ) ( x = a ) = M a; b 1 + 0 ; ( t ) ( x = a ) = N a; b 1 0
y0
y0
4
x2
Do M, N lun cng pha so vi Ox nn A1 M.A2 N = y M . y N = b 2 1 02 = b 2
y0
a
b. S ( F2 MN ) = S ( A1 MNA2 ) S ( A1 MF2 ) S ( A2 NF2 )
= ( A1M + A2 N ) a 1 A1M .A1 F2 1 A2 N.A2 F2 = ( A1M + A2 N ) a a + c A1M a c A2 N

2
2
2
2
= a c A1 M + a + c A2 N ( a c ) A1 M ( a + c ) A2 N = b 2
2
2
xy ra ( a c ) A1 M = ( a + c ) A2 N = b 2
( t ) : cx + ay a 2 = 0
M ( a; a + c ) , N ( a; a c )
A1 M = a + c
2
A2 N = a c
M ( a; a c ) , N ( a; a + c )
( t ) : cx ay a = 0
c. ( A1 N ) : y =
b 2 ( a x0 )
2a 2 y 0
( x + a ) ; ( A2 M ) : y =
b 2 ( a + x 0 )
2a 2 y 0
( x a)
b 2 ( a 2 x 02 )
y0
x 02 y 02
A1 N An M I x 0 ;
=
x
;
.
Ta
c:
+
=1
0 2
2a 2 y 0
a2 b2
x 02
a2
( y0 / 2) 2
(b / 2) 2
2
y
= 1 Qu tch im I l elip ( E1 ) : x 2 +
=1
a
(b / 2) 2
d. A1M .A2 N = b 2 = ( a c)( a + c ) = A2 F2 .A1 F2
A1 M A1 F2
=
A2 F2 A2 N
43
A1MF2 ~ A2F2N
A1 MF2 =
A2 F2 N .

M A1 MF2 vung ti A1
A1 F2 M + A
2 F2 N = 90 MF2 N = 90 F2 M F2 N
2
y2
Bi 9. Cho 2 im M, N thuc tip tuyn (t) ca (E): x 2 + 2 = 1 (a > b > 0)
a
b
sao cho cc tiu im F 1, F2 nhn MN di 1 gc 90. Tm honh M, N

Gii
Hai im M ( x1 ; y1 ) , N ( x 2 , y 2 ) (t):
x0 x
a
y0 y
b2
=1
2
x x
x2 y2
y = b 1 02 vi 02 + 02 = 1 ; F1(c; 0), F2(c; 0)
y0
a
b
a

F1 M F1 N F1 M F1 N = 0 ( x1 + c )( x 2 + c ) + y1 y 2 = 0 (1)

F2 M F2 N F2 M F2 N = 0 ( x1 c )( x 2 c ) + y1 y 2 = 0 ( 2 )
( ) ( )
1 2 : x 1 + x 2 = 0
x 1 + x 2 = 0

2
2
2
y 1 y 2 = x 1 c
x 1 x 2 + y 1 y 2 + c = 0
2
x x
Do M, N (t) nn y 1 = b 1 0 2 1
y0
a
y1 y 2 =
x12 c 2
b2
b 4 ( a 4 x 12 x 02 )
a 2 ( a 2 y 02 )
y1 y 2
b2
a 4 x12 x02
a 4 a 2 x02
b2
;
y
=
2 y
x0 x2
1 2
a
b 4 ( a 4 x 12 x 02 )
a 2 ( a 2 b 2 b 2 x 02 )
x12 c 2 b 2
b2
b 2 ( a 4 x 12 x 02 )
a 4 a 2 x 02
a 2 x02 x12 x02

a 4 a 2 x02
x12 a 2
b2
x02 ( a 2 x12 )
a 2 ( a 2 x02 )
x2
( x12 a 2 ) 12 + 2 20 2 = 0 x12 a 2 = 0 x1 = a
a ( a x 0 )
b
2
2
y
Bi 10. Cho (E): x 2 + 2 = 1 (a > b > 0). Trong tt c cc hnh ch nht Q
a
b
ngoi tip (E), hy xc nh hnh ch nht c din tch Max, Min.
Gii
Gi mt cnh hnh ch nht Q l (d1): Ax + By + C = 0 a 2 A 2 + b 2 B 2 = C 2
44
Bi 4. ng Elip
2
a 2 A 2 + b 2 B 2 = ( C ) (d1): Ax + By C = 0 // (d1) v cng tip xc (E)

(d1) l cnh ca Q i din vi (d1). Phng trnh cnh (d2) (d1) l:
Bx + Ay + D = 0 vi a 2 B 2 + b 2 A 2 = D 2 v (d2): Bx + Ay D = 0
Khong cch gia (d1) v (d1) l:
2C
A2 + B 2
; gia (d2) v (d2) l:
2D
B 2 + A2
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s A 2 + B 2 = 1

S = 4 CD = 4 a 2 A 2 + b 2 (1 A 2 ) a 2 (1 A 2 ) + b 2 A 2
2
= 4 b 2 + ( a 2 b 2 ) A 2 a 2 ( a 2 b 2 ) A 2 = 4 a 2 b 2 + ( a 2 b 2 ) A 2 (1 A 2 )
2
A2 + (1 A2 ) 1
( a 2 b2 )
2 2
2 2
0 A (1 A )
=
+
= 2 ( a2 + b2 )
4
a
b
S
4
a
b
2
4
4
2
Min S = 4ab ; Max S = 2 ( a 2 + b 2 )

Bi 11. Cho ( C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 = 4 ; ( C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 = 1 . Cc im A, B di ng trn
(C1), (C2) sao cho Ox l phn gic ca gc AOB. Gi M l trung im AB.
Tm qu tch im M.
Gii

Ly B1 i xng B qua Ox B1 ( x B ; y B ) OA v OA = 2OB1 A ( 2 x B ; 2 y B )
2
y
y2
3x
M B ; B . M x B2 + y B2 = 1 nn nu M(x; y) th x +
=1
9 / 4 1/ 4
2
2
2
Tng qut: Cho ( C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 = ( a + b ) ; ( C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 = ( a b ) (0 < b < a).

Cc im A, B di ng trn (C 1), (C2) sao cho Ox l phn gic ca gc AOB.
2
y2
Gi M l trung im AB, khi M (E): x 2 + 2 = 1
a
b
2
Bi 12. Cho A(2; 0) v (C): ( x + 2 ) + y 2 = 36 . Vit phng trnh qu tch tm
cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc (C).

Gii
2
(C): ( x + 2 ) + y 2 = 36 l ng trn tm B(2; 0), bn knh R = 6.
Gi M l tm ng trn i qua A v tip xc (C) ti N

MA + MB = MN + MB = BN = 6.
45
Vy qu tch M l elip (E) nhn A, B lm tiu im v c di trc ln bng 6.

2
y2
V A, B Ox v i xng nhau qua O nn (E) c dng ( E ) : x 2 + 2 = 1 (0 < b < a)
a
b
2
y2
Vi 2a = 6; b2 = a2 c2 = 9 1 AB 2 = 5 ( E ) : x +
=1
4
9
5
2
Bi 13. Cho ( C1 ) : ( x + 5 ) + y 2 = 441; ( C 2 ) : ( x 5 ) + y 2 = 25 . Gi M l tm

ng trn (C) di ng tip xc vi (C1), (C2). Tm qu tch M bit:
a. (C) tip xc trong vi (C1) v tip xc ngoi vi (C 2).
b. (C) tip xc trong vi (C1) v (C2).
Gii
( C1 ) : O1 ( 5; 0 ) , R1 = 21 ; ( C 2 ) : O2 ( 5; 0 ) , R2 = 5
a. M(x; y) l tm: R1 R = MO1 ; R 2 + R = MO 2 MO1 + MO 2 = R1 + R 2 = 26
2
y2
T suy ra tp hp cc im M ( E ) : x +
=1
169 144
b. M(x; y) l tm: R1 R = MO1 ; R R 2 = MO 2 MO1 + MO 2 = R1 R 2 = 16

2
y2
T suy ra tp hp cc im M ( E ) : x +
=1
64 39
2
y2
Bi 14. Cho elip (E): x 2 + 2 = 1 ( a > b > 0 ) vi cc tiu im F1 , F2 .
a
b
Chng minh: Vi mi im M(E) ta lun c: OM 2 + MF1 .MF2 = a 2 + b 2

Gii
t M ( x 0 ; y 0 ) ( E )
x 02
a2
y 02
b2
= 1 , (1)
Ta c: OM 2 = x 02 + y 02 , MF1 = a + c x 0 , MF2 = a c x 0
a
a
2
2
2
Do : OM 2 + MF1 .MF2 = x 02 + y 02 + a 2 c 2 x 02 = a 2 + a 2 c x 02 + y 02
a
a
2
x2 y2
= a 2 + b 2 x 02 + y 02 = a 2 + b 2 02 + 02 = a 2 + b 2 (pcm)
a
b
a
46
Bi 4. ng Elip
2
y2
Bi 15. Cho elip (E) c phng trnh x 2 + 2 = 1 ( a > b > 0 )
a
b
Gi A v B l hai im thuc elip (E) sao cho OA vung gc vi OB.

1. Chng minh rng
1 + 1 = 1 + 1
OA 2 OB 2 a 2 b 2
2. CMR: ng thng AB lun lun tip xc vi mt ng trn c nh.

Gii
1. Trng hp 1. A, B nm trn cc trc Ox, Oy.

Ta c:
1 + 1 = 1 + 1
OA 2 OB 2 a 2 b 2
Trng hp 2: A, B khng nm trn cc trc Ox, Oy.

Phng trnh ng thng OA l: y = kx ( k 0 )
Ta ca A tha h
2
a 2b 2
x2 y2
x
=
A
( k 2 + 1) a 2 b 2 ( )
2 + 2 = 1
a 2k 2 + b2
2
2
2
OA
=
x
+
y
=
*
a
b
A
A
2 2 2
a2k 2 + b2
y = kx
y2 = a b k
A a 2 k 2 + b 2
OB OA nn phng trnh ca OB c dng: y = 1 x
k
( k 2 + 1) a 2 b 2
Thay x bng 1 vo (*) ta c: OB 2 =
k
a 2 + b 2k 2
Ta c:
2
2
2
1 + 1 = ( k + 1)( a + b ) = a 2 + b 2 = 1 + 1
( k 2 + 1) a 2 b 2
OA 2 OB 2
a 2b 2
a2 b2
Vy c hai trng hp trn ta u c:
1 + 1 = 1 + 1 (pcm)
OA 2 OB 2 a 2 b 2
2. Trong tam gic OAB k ng cao OH, ta c:
1 = 1 + 1 = 1 + 1
OH 2 OA 2 OB 2 a 2 b 2
2 2
ab
OH 2 = a2 b 2 OH =
. Vy ng thng AB lun lun tip xc
2
a +b
a + b2
vi ng trn c nh, tm O(0; 0) v bn knh R =
ab
2
a + b2
47

2
y2
Bi 16. Cho (E): x +
= 1 v ( d1 ) : mx ny = 0, ( d 2 ) : nx + my = 0 , vi m 2 + n 2 0 .
9
4
1. Xc nh giao im M, N ca d 1 vi (E) v giao im P, Q ca d 2 vi (E)

2. Tnh theo m, n din tch t gic MPNQ.
3. Tm iu kin i vi m, n din tch t gic MNPQ nh nht.
Gii
x = nt
x = mt
1. Phng trnh tham s ca d 1 v d 2 l: ( d 1 ) :
; (d2 ) :
y = mt
y = nt
Ta ca M, N l nghim ca phng trnh tng giao gia ( d 1 ) v (E):

n 2t 2 + m 2t 2 = 1 t =
6
2
9
4
9m + 4n 2
6n
6m
;
M
2
2
9m 2 + 4n 2
9m + 4n
6n
6m
, N
2
2
2
2
9m + 4n
9 m + 4n
Ta ca P, Q l nghim ca phng trnh tng giao gia ( d 2 ) v (E):

m 2t 2 + n 2t 2 = 4 t =
6
2
9
4
4m + 9n 2
6m
6n
6m
, Q
P
;
;
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
9
4
9
4
9
m
+
n
m
+
n
m
+
n
6n
4m 2 + 9n 2
2. Ta c: MN PQ ti trung im O ca mi ng nn t gic MPNQ l hnh

hnh thoi. Din tch hnh thoi MPNQ l:
S = 1 MN.PQ = 2OM.OP = 2 x M2 + y M2 . x P2 + y P2
2
P
M
72 ( m 2 + n 2 )
( 9m 2 + 4n 2 )( 4m 2 + 9n 2 )
3. Theo bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c
( 9m 2 + 4n 2 )( 4m 2 + 9n 2 ) ( 9m + 4n ) + ( 4m + 9n ) = 13 ( m 2 + n 2 )
2
72 ( m + n ) 144
=
min S = 144 t c khi
13 ( m 2 + n 2 ) 13
13
2
9m 2 + 4n 2 = 4m 2 + 9n 2 m 2 = n 2 m = n
48
Bi 4. ng Elip
2
2
y
Bi 17. Cho elip (E) c phng trnh x 2 + 2 = 1 ( a > b > 0 ) , vi cc tiu im
a
b
F1 , F2 . Chng minh rng tip tuyn ti mt im M bt k trn (E) l phn

gic ca gc F
1 MF2 .
Gii
Ly bt k im M ( x 0 ; y 0 ) ( E ) .
()
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca (E) ti im M

x
y
c dng 02 x + 20 y = 1
a
b
Gi I = Ox I a ; 0 ( x 0 0 )
x
0
2
y
M
x
I
F1
F2
c
IF1 IF1 a 2 + cx 0 a + a x 0 MF1
c
c
Ta c: MF1 = a + x 0 , MF2 = a x 0 nn
=
=
=
=
e
a
IF2 IF2 a 2 cx 0 a c x
MF2
0
a

T suy ra l phn gic ngoi ca gc F
1 MF2 (pcm)
Bi 18. Trn mt phng ta Oxy, cho im F 1(2,1), F2(6, 4). Mt elip (E)
nhn F1, F2 lm 2 tiu im v tip xc vi Ox ti M. Tm ta M.
Gii
Nhn xt: Nu tip cn bi ton bng cch
lp phng trnh tng qut ca elip (E)
nhn F1, F2 lm 2 tiu im v tip xc vi
Ox sau tm ta th chng ta rt v
vng khi lp phng trnh ca elip (E).
Chng ta s gii bi ton ny bng cch s
dng bi 17 vi tnh cht tip tuyn Ox l
phn gic ngoi ca gc F
MF .
1
Ly F1 ( 2, 1) i xng vi F1 ( 2,1) . Do
y
F2
F1
1
0
1
F1
Ox l phn gic ngoi ca gc F

1 MF2 nn
F1 , M , F2 thng hng. Gi M(x, 0) th

F1 M = k F1 F2 ( x 2,1) = k ( 4, 5 ) 5 ( x 2 ) = 4 x = 14 M 14 ; 0
5
5
( )
49
IV. CC BI TP DNH CHO BN C T GII

2
y2
Bi 1. Cho (E): x +
= 1 v (d): 3x + 4 y 12 = 0 .
16
9
1. Chng minh rng:ng thng (d) ct elip (E) ti 2 im A, B. Tnh AB.

2. Tm C(E) sao cho: a. ABC c S = 6.
b. ABC c S Max.
c. ABC cn A hoc B
d. ABC vung.
Bi 2. Cho hai im A1 ( a; 0 ) , A2 ( a; 0 ) vi a > 0 v hng s k 0, k 1.

2

Lp phng trnh qu tch cc im M tho mn: tg MA
1 A2 . tg MA2 A1 = k .
2
Bi 3. Cho im A(4; 0) v ng trn (C): ( x 4 ) + y 2 = 100 .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C)

Bi 4. Cho im A(0; 6) v ng trn (C) c phng trnh x 2 + y 2 = 100 .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C).
2
2
Bi 5. Cho im A(3; 3) v ng trn (C): ( x 1) + ( y 1) = 16 .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C).

2
Bi 6. Cho A(3; 3) v 2 ng trn ( C1 ) : ( x + 1) + y 2 = 16; ( C2 ) : ( x 1) + y 2 = 1.

Gi M l tm ng trn (C) di ng tip xc vi (C1), (C2).
Tm qu tch im M, bit:
a. (C) tip xc trong vi (C1) v tip xc ngoi vi (C2).
b. (C) tip xc trong vi (C1) v (C2).
2
y2
Bi 7. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E): x +
=1
25 16
1. Tm iu kin k v m ng thng ( d ) : y = kx + m tip xc vi elip (E).

2. Khi (d) l tip tuyn ca (E), gi giao im ca (d) v cc ng thng x = 5
v x = 5 l M v N. Tnh din tch tam gic FMN theo k, trong F l tiu
im ca (E) c honh dng.
3. Xc nh k tam gic FMN c din tch b nht.
2
y2
= 1 v im M(8;6)
Bi 8. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E): x +
25 16
trn mt phng ta . Qua M v cc tip tuyn vi (E) v gi s T1, T2 l cc
tip im. Vit phng trnh ng thng ni T1, T2.
50
Bi 5. ng Hypecbol
NG HYPECBOL
I. CC DNG HYPECBOL V C IM
Trc
thc
Hnh dng Hypecbol
Phng trnh v cc yu t trong Hypecbol

x 2 y 2 = 1; c 2 = a 2 + b 2 ; Tm sai e = c .
a
a2 b2
F1 ( c ; 0 ) ; F 2 ( c ; 0 ) . Tiu c: F1F2 = 2c.
B2
A1(a; 0); A2(a; 0) Trc thc. A1A2 = 2a.
A2
A1
Ox
F1
F2
x B1(0; b); B2(0; b) Trc o. B1B2 = 2b.

2
Tim cn y = b x ; g chun x = a = a ,
B1
MF1 = ( e x + a )
MF 2 = ( e x a )
A1
= 1 nu x > 0
= 1 nu x < 0
y 2 x2
c
= 1; c 2 = a 2 + b 2 ; Tm sai e = .
b
b2 a2
y F
2
B2
F1 ( 0 ; c ) ; F 2 ( 0 ; c ) . Tiu c: F1F2 = 2c.

A2
Oy
x
B1
F1
A1(a; 0); A2(a; 0) Trc o. A1A2 = 2a.

B1(0; b); B2(0; b) Trc thc. B1B2 = 2b.
2
Tim cn y = b x ; g chun y = b = b
{MF1 = ( ey + b) ; MF2 = ( ey b) vi = 1
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2
B2
F1
y=
F2
x=
c
= 1; c 2 = a 2 + b2 ; Tm sai e =
A1 ( a ;) ; A2 ( + a ;) Trc thc. A1A2 = 2a.

B1 ( ; b ) ; B2 ( ; + b ) Trc o. B1B2 = 2b.
2
Tim cn y = b ( x ) ; g chun x = a
a
c
A1
( y ) 2 ( x ) 2
c
=1; c 2 = a2 + b2 ; Tm sai e =
2
2
b
b
a
F1 ( ; c ) ; F2 ( ; + c ) . Tiu c: F1F2 = 2c.

A2
B1
y F
2
B2
F1 ( c ; ) ; F2 ( + c ; ) . Tiu c: F1F2 = 2c.
A2
A1
B1
F1
A1 ( a ; ) ; A2 ( + a ; ) Trc o. A1A2 = 2a.

B1 ( ; b ) ; B 2 ( ; + b ) Trc thc. B1B2 = 2b
2
Tim cn y = b ( x ) ; g chun y = b
a
c
51

II. XC NH PHNG TRNH HYPECBOL THEO CC YU T
Bi 1. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M ( 5 2, 2 5 ) v c tiu im F1 ( 3 5;0) ; F2 ( 3 5;0)

Bi 2. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(2; 0) c tiu im F1(4; 0), F2(4; 0)
Bi 3. VPTCT ca (H) i qua O(0; 0) c tiu im F1(2; 0), F2(0; 3)
Bi 4. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(5; 3) v c tm sai e = 2
Bi 5. VPTCT ca hypecbol (H) i qua M 1 ( 4; 6 ) ;M 2 ( 6;1)
Bi 6. VPTCT ca hypecbol (H) i qua M ( 6; 2 3 ) bit di trc thc bng 6
Bi 7. VPTCT ca hypecbol (H) i qua M ( 3; 3 ) bit di trc o bng 2
Bi 8. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M 4 34 ; 9 v M nhn F1F2Ox di gc

5 5
2
Bi 9. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M( 4 10;9) v M nhn F1F2Ox di gc vung.
Bi 10. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M 4 5 ; 2 v M nhn F1F2Ox di gc 2

3 3
3
Bi 11. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M 2 ; 4 5 v M nhn F1F2Oy di gc

3 3
3
Bi 12. VPTCT ca (H) bit di trc o bng 6 v 2 tim cn vi nhau.

Bi 13. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(24; 5) v 2 ng tim cn l: 5 x 12 y = 0
Bi 14. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(2; 1) v gc t ca 2 ng tim cn l 120
Bi 15. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(6; 4) v gc gia 2 ng tim cn l 60.
Bi 16. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca hypecbol (H) c 2 ng tim cn l
3x 4 y = 0 v 2 ng chun 5 x 16 = 0
Bi 17. VPTCT ca (H) c cng hnh ch nht c s vi elip (E): 9 x 2 + 16 y 2 = 144

Bi 18. VPTCT ca hypecbol (H) c nh A(1; 1) nm trn trc thc v ng trn
ngoi tip hnh ch nht c s ca (H) l (C): x 2 + y 2 2 x 2 y 7 = 0
52
Bi 5. ng Hypecbol
III. MT S BI TP TNG GIAO CA HYPECBOL

2
y2
Bi 1. Cho (H): x
= 1 . Gi (d) i qua O v (d): y = kx
4
9
a. Tm iu kin ca k (d) v (d) u ct (H).

b. Tnh din tch hnh thoi vi 4 nh l 4 giao im ca (d), (d) v (H).
c. Xc nh k hnh thoi y c din tch nh nht.
Gii
a. Ta c: (d): y = kx v ( d ) : y = 1 x . Ta c (d) ct (H) khi v ch khi
k
x 2 k 2 x 2 = 1 ( 9 4k 2 ) x 2 = 36 c nghim 9 4k 2 > 0
4
9
2
2
(d) ct (H) khi v ch khi x x 2 = 1 9 42 x 2 = 36 c nghim
4 9k
k
Yu cu bi ton 9 4k 2 > 0, 9 42 > 0 4 < k 2 < 9 2 < k < 3

9
4
3
2
k
b. Vi 2 < k < 3 th (d): y = kx ct (H) ti 2 im A, C phn bit vi cc ta
3
2
l x A2 = x C2 =
2
2
36
36k 2 v ( d ) : y = 1 x ct (H) ti 2 im
=
=
y
y
;
A
C
k
9 4k 2
9 4k 2
2
B, D phn bit vi x B2 = x D2 = 362 k
; y B2 = y D2 = 36
9k 2 4
9k 4
Ta c AC BD ti trung im O ca mi on nn ABCD l hnh thoi.

S ABCD = 4 S AOB = 4 1 OA.OB = 2 x A2 + y A2 x B2 + y B2 =
2
c.
72 (1 + k 2 )
( 9 4k 2 )( 9k 2 4 )
( 9 4k 2 )( 9k 2 4 ) 1 ( 9 4k 2 ) + ( 9k 2 4 ) = 5 (1 + k 2 )
2
S ABCD 144
5
Du bng xy ra 9 4k 2 = 9k 2 4 k = 1 . Vy Min S ABCD = 144 .

5
Bi 2. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho (H): 9 x 2 y 2 9 = 0 .
Tm trn (H) nhng im nhn on ni hai tiu im di gc vung.
Tm trn (H) nhng im nhn on ni hai tiu im di gc 60
Tm trn (H) nhng im c ta nguyn.
53
Gii
(H): 9 x 2 y 2 9 = 0 x 2
y2
= 1 . Ta c: a = 1, b = 3 c = 10
9
M(x0, y0) (H) 9 x 02 y 02 = 9 (1) . im M nhn on ni hai tiu im di gc

vung nn M thuc ng trn (C) ng knh F1 F2 , tc l tm O, R =
F2 F2
= 10 .
2
M(C): x 2 + y 2 = 10 x 02 + y 02 = 10 . Kt hp vi (1) x 02 = 19 ; y 02 = 81
10
10
190 9 10
190 9 10
190 9 10
190 9 10
M1
,
,
,
,
, M2
, M3
, M4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
b. M(x0, y0) nhn F1 F2 di gc 60 F1 F22 = MF12 + MF22 2MF1 .MF2 cos

3
2
F1 F22 = ( MF1 MF2 ) + MF1 .MF2 4c 2 = 4a 2 + c x 0 + a
a
)( ac x a )
0
40 = 4 + 10 x 02 1 x 02 = 37 y 02 = 9 27
10
10
370 9 30
370 9 30
370 9 30
370 9 30
M1
,
,
,
,
, M2
, M3
, M4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
c. rng nu im M(x 0, y0) l im c ta nguyn (H) th cc im

(x0, y0), (x0, y 0), (x0, y0) (H) cng c ta nguyn.
Vy ta ch cn xt trng hp khi x 0 , y 0 0 .
Ta c: 9 x 02 y 02 = 9 ( 3 x 0 y 0 )( 3 x 0 + y 0 ) = 9
3x0 y0 = 1;3x0 + y 0 = 9 x0 = 5 ; y0 = 4 ( loi )

3
3x0 y0 = 3;3x0 + y0 = 3 x = 1; y = 0
0
0
Vy cc im c ta nguyn (H) l M1(1; 0), M2(1; 0)
2
y2
Bi 3. Cho (H): x
= 1 v A(3; 2), B(0; 1). Tm im C(H) sao cho
9
4
ABC c din tch nh nht. Tnh gi tr nh nht .
54
Bi 5. ng Hypecbol
Gii

x2 y2
(AB): x y 1 = 0 v AB = AB = 3 2 . Gi C(x0, y0) (H) 0 0 = 1 .
9
4
Ta c: S = 1 AB d ( C , ( AB ) ) = 3 x 0 y 0 1 3 x 0 y 0 1 .
2
2
2
S dng bt ng thc ( ax by ) ( a 2 b 2 ) ( x 2 y 2 ) , a, b, c, x, y ta c
2
x0 y0 = 3
x2 y2
x0
y
2 0 ( 9 4 ) 0 0 = 5 S 3 ( 5 1)
2
3
2
4
9
Du bng xy ra x 0 = 9 , y 0 = 4 hay C 9 ; 4
5
5
5 5
2
y2
Bi 4. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho (H): x
= 1 . Gi F l mt
16
9
tiu im ca (H) ( x F < 0 ) v I l trung im ca on OF. Vit phng

trnh cc ng thng tip xc vi (H) v i qua I.
Gii
Ta c: a 2 = 16, b 2 = 9 c = 5 F(5; 0) I 5 ; 0 .
2
ng thng (d) qua I: A x + 5 + By = 0

2
( )
(d) tip xc (H) a 2 A 2 b 2 B 2 = 5 A

2
A 0 (d): Ax
( A 2 + B 2 > 0 ) Ax + By + 5 A = 0
2
39 A 2 36 B 2 = 0 B =
39
A
6
39
39
Ay + 5 A = 0 x
y + 5 = 0 6 x 39 y + 15 = 0
6
2
6
2
2
y2
Bi 5. Cho Hypecbol (H): x 2 2 = 1 .
a
b
1. Tnh di phn ng tim cn chn bi 2 ng chun.

2. Tm khong cch t tiu im ca (H) ti cc ng tim cn.
3. Chng minh rng: Chn cc ng h t 1 tiu im ti cc ng tim
cn nm trn ng chun ng vi tiu im .
55
Gii
2
y2
1. (H): x 2 2 = 1 c 2 tiu im F1 ( c, 0 ) , F2 ( c, 0 ) vi c = a 2 + b 2 .
a
b
2
a
Hai ng chun ca Hypebol (H) tng ng l 1,2 : x = a =
.
2
c
a + b2
Gi H, K l giao ng tim cn y = b x vi 1 , 2 khi ta c

a
xH =
a2
2
a +b
, yH =
ab
2
a +b
OH = x H2 + y H2 = a KH = 2OH = 2a
bc 0
2. Khong cch t F1 ( c, 0 ) n y = b x hay bx ay = 0 l d =
=b
a
a2 + b2

3. Ta c OH ( x H , y H ) ; F1 H ( x H x, y H ) suy ra

OH , F1 H = x H ( x H c ) + y H2 = x H2 + y H2 c.x H = a 2 a 2 = 0 F1 H OH
2
y2
Bi 6. Cho Hypecbol (H): x 2 2 = 1 . Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch
a
b
t mt im ty trn (H) n hai ng tim cn l khng i.

Gii
Ly im bt k
2
x 02 y 02
y2
x
(
)
M ( x 0 , y 0 ) H : 2 2 = 1 2 2 = 1 . Vit phng
a
b
a
b
y
trnh hai ng tim cn c di dng x = 0 th khong cch t im M
a b
n 2 ng tim cn l
x 02 y 02
x0 y0
x0 y 0
2
+
2
2 2
a
b
a
b
a
b =
1
d 1 .d 2 =
=
= a2 b 2
2
2
1 + 1
a +b
a +b
1 + 1
1 + 1
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
a
b
a b
a
b
a
b
2
y2
Bi 7. Vit phng trnh (d) i qua M(0; 2) v ct (H): x
= 1 ti A, B
4
1
phn bit sao cho M l trung im AB.
56
Bi 5. ng Hypecbol
IV. CC BI TON TIP TUYN HYPECBOL

2
y2
Bi 1. Cho (H): x 2 2 = 1 . CMR: a. Tip tuyn ca (H) ti M(x0, y 0)(H) c
a
b
phng trnh:
x0 x
a
y0 y
b2
=1
b. iu kin cn v (): Ax + By + C = 0 tip xc (H) l a 2 A 2 b 2 B 2 = C 2

Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (H) trong cc trng hp:
Bi 2. (H): x 2 4 y 2 = 20 v h s gc tip tuyn k = 3
4
Bi 3. (H): 5 x 2 y 2 4 = 0 v tip tuyn // (D): 3x + 2y 1 = 0.
Bi 4. (H): 4 x 2 5 y 2 + 20 = 0 v tip tuyn (D): 3x + 2y 1 = 0.
Bi 5. (H): x 2 = 4 y 2 + 4 v tip tuyn to vi (D): x 2y + = 0 gc 45
Bi 6. (H): x 2 2 y 2 = 4 v tip tuyn i qua A(2; 3)
Bi 7. (H): x 2 2 y 2 = 4 v tip tuyn cch tm i xng ca (H) 1 khong
Bi 8. (H): 25 x 2 16 y 2 + 400 = 0 v tip tuyn i qua A(4; 1)

Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca cc ng cong sau:
2
y2
Bi 9. ( H 1 ) : x
= 1 v
4
3
(H2 ):
y2 x2
=1
4
3
2
2
y2
Bi 10. ( H ) : x
= 1 v ( E ) : x + y 2 = 1
4
7
3
2
y2
Bi 11. ( H ) : x
= 1 v ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 1
2
7
2
2
y2
y2
Bi 12. ( H 1 ) : x
= 1 v ( H 2 ) : x
=1
9
4
6
1
2
2
y2
y2
Bi 13. ( H ) : x
= 1 v ( E ) : x +
=1
8
27
4
9
57

2
y2
2
Bi 14. ( H ) : x
= 1 v ( C ) : ( x + 2 ) + y 2 = 4
16
4
Bi 15. Vit phng trnh (H) bit (H) c trc trng vi cc trc ta v tip
xc vi cc ng thng:
( 1 ) : 5 x 6 y 16 = 0; ( 2 ) :13x 10 y 48 = 0
2
y2
Bi 16. Cho (): Ax + By + C = 0 tip xc (H): x 2 2 = 1
a
b
a. F1, F2 l tiu im, k F1H1 (), F2H2 (). CMR : F1 H 1 F2 H 2 = b 2

b. Chng minh rng: H ng thng (D): x cos t y sin t + 4 cos 2 t + 1 = 0
lun tip xc vi (H) c nh.
2
y2
Bi 17. Cho (H): x 2 2 = 1 ; A1, A2 l nh, 1 tip tuyn () bt k ct 2 tip
a
b
tuyn ti nh A1, A2 ln lt ti cc im M, N.
a. CMR : y M . y N = const
b. Tm im I A1 N A2 N
2
y2
Bi 18. Cho (H): x 2 2 = 1 . Tip tuyn tip im ti M (H) ct 2 tim cn
a
b
ti P, Q. Chng minh rng:
a. M l trung im PQ.
b. OPQ c din tch khng i khi M di ng trn (H).

2
y2
Bi 19. Cho (H): x 2 2 = 1 . CMR : Tip tuyn tip im ti M bt k (H) l
a
b

phn gic trong ca F
1 MF2
2
y2
Bi 20. Cho (H): x 2 2 = 1 . Tnh din tch hnh ch nht c 4 nh (H) v
a
b
c 2 cnh // Oy i qua 2 tiu im.

2
2
y
Bi 21. Cho (H): x 2 2 = 1 . Ly M ( x 0 , y 0 ) thuc nhnh bn phi ca (H) v
a
b
khng trng vi nh ca (H). ng thng qua M song song vi trc
tung ct trc honh ti P v ct mt ng tim cn ti Q. Gi E v E

l giao im ca ng trn tm O bn knh a vi ng tim .
Chng minh rng QE = MF 2, QE = MF 1
58
Bi 6. ng Parabol
NG PARABOL
I. CC DNG PARABOL V C IM
TX
Trc
thc
Hnh dng Hypecbol
(2 )
y 2 = 2 px ; Tiu im F p ; 0 Ox.
()
O
(0; 0)
p
2
p
Bn knh qua tiu im: M (P) MF = + xM
2
Ox
p
2
p O
O
(0; 0)
Phng trnh v cc yu t trong Parabol
p
2
p
2
p
Bn knh qua tiu im: M (P) MF = + yM
2
x 2 = 2 py ; Tiu im F 0; p Oy.
2
p
Tm sai e = 1. ng chun (): y =
2
p
Bn knh qua tiu im: M (P) MF = yM
2
Tm sai e = 1. ng chun (): y =
x
()
y p/2
O
p
F
2
Oy
()
x
Phng trnh: ( y b ) = 2 p ( x a ) ;
Tiu im F ( a + p ; b ) (y = b) // Ox.
S(a; b) y = b
p
2
( 2)
p/2
O
(0; 0)
Tm sai e = 1. ng chun (): x =
x 2 = 2 py ; Tiu im F 0; p Oy.
F p/2
Oy
p
Bn knh qua tiu im: M (P) MF = xM
2
y
O
(0; 0)
y 2 = 2 px ; Tiu im F p ; 0 Ox.
()
O
F
p
Ox
Tm sai e = 1. ng chun (): x =
Tm sai e = 1. ng chun (): x = a

O
y
S(a; b) x = a
Tiu im F ( a ; b + p ) (x = a) // Oy.
2
Tm sai e = 1. ng chun (): y = b
S
O
Bn knh qua tiu im: MF = ( p a ) + x M

2
Phng trnh: ( x a ) = 2 p ( y b ) ;
p
2
p
2
Bn knh qua tiu im: MF = ( p b ) + y M

2
59

II. XC NH CC YU T CA PARABOL
Bi 1. VPT chnh tc ca (P) vi nh l gc ta O v bit:

Tiu im F(4; 0)
Tiu im F(0; 2)
ng chun x = 3 ng chun y = 1/2

i qua A(2; 1) v nhn Oy lm trc i xng.
Nhn Ox lm trc X v chn trn y = x on 2 2
Bi 2. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca Parabol (P) nh O bit (P) c:
Trc Ox, khong cch t tiu im n ng chun bng 2.
Trc Oy, tiu im F(0; 1)
Trc Oy v (P) i qua A(1; 1)
Trc Ox v (P) i qua A ( 2; 2 2 )
ng chun l 2x 7 = 0
Bi 3. Trong mt phng Oxy, lp PT ca Parabol (P)
Tiu im F(3; 2), ng chun l trc Ox.
nh S(2; 1), ng chun l trc Oy.
Tiu im F 3 ; 2 , ng chun l: y + 1 = 0.
2
Tiu im O(0; 0), ng chun: 3x 4y 10 = 0.
Bi 4. Trong mt phng Oxy, lp PT ca Parabol (P)
nh S(1; 1), tiu im F(2; 1)
Tiu im F(2; 4), ng chun: y 4 = 0
nh S(1; 2), ng chun Oy.
nh S(1; 2), i qua O; trc cng phng trc ta .
Trc l ng x = 1, nh S ng y + 1 = 0 v (P) chn trn y = x 2 mt
on c di 4 2
Trc Ox, (P) chn Oy mt on 2b v khong cch t nh n gc O bng a.
nh S (D): x 1 = 0, trc cng phng Ox, (P) i qua A(2; 3) v B(5; 3)
60
Bi 6. ng Parabol
Bi 5. Lp phng trnh ca Parabol (P) c:

Tiu im l O, ng chun: x y 2 = 0
nh S(2; 1), tiu im F(3; 2)
nh S(1; 3), ng chun (D): x 2y = 0
nh O, trc Oy, tiu im F, dy AB = 1 Oy ti I l trung im OF.
Bi 6. Trong mt phng Oxy cho (P): y 2 = 4 x
Tm M(P) c bn knh qua tiu im MF = 10; yM > 0
Tm thm N(P) sao cho OMN vung ti O.
Tm A, B (P) sao cho OAB u.
Bi 7. Trong mt phng Oxy cho Parabol (P): y 2 = 2 px ( p > 0 )
Tnh di dy MN Ox ti tiu im F.
Tm 2 im A, B (P) sao cho OAB u.
Bi 8. VPT cc cnh ca mt tam gic ni tip Parabol (P): y 2 = 8 x , bit 1
nh l gc ta O v trc tm ca tam gic l tiu im ca (P)
Bi 9. Cho (P): x 2 4 y v (D): x 2 y + 4 = 0
Tm ta giao im A, B ca ( P ) ( D )
Tm M trn cung AB ca (P) sao cho tng din tch hai phn hnh phng gii
hn bi (P) v hai dy MA, MB l nh nht.
Bi 10. Tm im M(P): y 2 = 64 x sao cho khong cch t M n (D):
4 x + 3 y + 86 = 0 nh nht.
Bi 11. Cho (P): y 2 = x v (D): y = mx (m 0)

ng (D) ct (P) ti M O. ng (D) (D) ct (P) ti N O.
Chng minh rng: ng thng MN lun i qua 1 im c nh m.
Bi 12. Cho (D): Ax + By + C = 0 vi A 2 + B 2 > 0 v (P): y 2 = 2 px ( p > 0 ) .
Bin lun theo A, B, C, p s giao im ca (D) vi (P).
Bi 13. Cho (P): y = x 2 v A(1; 1), B(3; 9).
Tm M(P) sao cho din tch ABM t Max.
Bi 14. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh AB nm trn (d):
x y 8 = 0 cn 2 nh C, D (P): y = x 2 . Tnh cnh hnh vung ABCD.
61
III. TIP TUYN V CC BI TON NH TNH CA PARABOL

III.1. Tip tuyn ti 1 im thuc Parabol
1. M(x0, y0) (P1): y 2 = 2 px (t): yy 0 = p ( x + x 0 )
2. M(x0, y0) (P2): y 2 = 2 px (t): yy 0 = p ( x + x 0 )
3. M(x0, y0) (P3): x 2 = 2 py (t): xx 0 = p ( y + y 0 )
4. M(x0, y0) (P4): x 2 = 2 py (t): xx 0 = p ( y + y 0 )
): Ax + By + C = 0 tip xc (P)
III.2. K cn v (
1. () tip xc (P1): y 2 = 2 px pB 2 = 2 A.C
2. () tip xc (P2): y 2 = 2 px pB 2 = 2 A.C
3. () tip xc (P3): x 2 = 2 py pA 2 = 2 B.C
4. () tip xc (P4): x 2 = 2 py pA 2 = 2 B.C
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (P): y 2 + 4 x = 0 ti cc giao im ca
(P) vi (C): x 2 + y 2 + 5 x + 2 y 4 = 0
Bi 2. Vit PT tip tuyn ca (P): y 2 = 8 x // (D): 2x y = 0
Bi 3. Vit PT tip tuyn ca (P): x 2 + 2 y = 0 vi h s gc k = 2.
Bi 4. Vit PT tip tuyn ca (P): x 2 = 36 y i qua im A(9; 2)
2
y2
=1
Bi 5. Vit PT tip tuyn chung ca (P): y 2 = 12 x v elip (E): x +
8
6
Bi 6. Vit PT tip tuyn chung ca (P): y 2 = 4 x v (C): x 2 + y 2 2 x 3 = 0

p
Bi 7. Cho (P): y 2 + 2 px = 0 ( p > 0 ) . CMR : m t A , m lun k c
2
2 tip tuyn vung gc nhau. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua 2

tip im v chng minh n i qua mt im c nh.
Bi 8. Cho (P): y 2 = 4 x . Vit PT cc tip tuyn ca (P) k t im A (1; 2).
Chng minh rng 2 tip tuyn ny vung gc vi nhau.
62
Bi 6. ng Parabol
IV. MT S BI TP MU MINH HA
Bi 1. Cho (P): y 2 = 2 px v M (P).
y
B
ng () i qua M ct Ox ti A,
ct tip tuyn ti nh B v ct
(P) ti M, N. CMR : BA = BM .BN
x
N
Gii
2
K MH v NK vung gc Oy BA = BM = BN BA 2 = BM .BN (1)
OA MH NK
MH .NK
OA
t x M = m ; x N = n m; x A = a y M2 = 2 pm , y N2 = 2 pn . Do AMm ~ ANn
(m a)2 (n a)2
=
( m n ) ( mn a 2 ) = 0 .
suy ra m a = n a
yM
yN
2 pm
2 pn
Do m n mn = a 2 MH .NK = OA 2 (2). Suy ra BA 2 = BM .BN
p
p
Bi 2. Cho (P): y 2 = 2 px ( p > 0 ) c F ; 0 v ng chun (): x = .
2
2
Tip tuyn (D) ca (P) ti M ct Ox, Oy ti N, I.
a. CMR: I l trung im MN; FI (D) v im i xng ca F qua (D) thuc ()

b. Gi K ( D ) ( ) . ng thng qua F v Ox ct (D) ti L. CMR: FK = FL
Gii
K MG () MG = NF.
= FNM

Theo nh l Pascal th FMN
FM = FN MFNG l hnh thoi.

p
M G, F cch u Oy 1 khong
2
nn tm hnh thoi I Oy
N
p/2
K I
F
O p/2
()
= IGK
IFL = IGK FL = GK
Ta c LF Ox IFL
m K(D) chnh l trung trc ca GF nn GK = FK FK = FL
63
Bi 3. Cho (P) c tiu im F. T im I v 2 tip tuyn IM, IN n (P)
2
a. CMR : FI = FM .FN v IM 2 = FM
FN
IN
2
b. Mt tip tuyn (d) tu ca (P) tip
K
I
xc (P) ti T v ct IM, IN ti Q, Q
FQ.FQ
CMR :
khng ph thuc v tr ca (d)
FT
F
J
x
N
Gii
Chn h Oxy sao cho (D): y 2 = 2 px (p > 0)
= KMF
KMH = KML MH = ML = x
Theo nh l Pascal KMH
M
M MF = x M +
p
= MH + OF MF MH = OF FL = OF
2
= KFO
MKF
= 90 OKF
= KMF
.
FKO = KFL KFL
= FJO

Tng t ta c: FJ IN v FNJ
= FJI
= 90 IKFJ ni tip FKJ
= FIJ
, KIF
= KJF

a. FKI
= FIN
, FIM
= FNI
FIM ~ FNI
FMI
FI = FM = IM FI 2 = FM .FN v IM 2 = FI FM = FM
FN
FI
IN
FN
IN 2 FN FI
b. Coi d v d1 l 2 tip tuyn xut pht t Q, Q

FQ 2 = FM .FT v FQ 2 = FN .FT
FQ 2 .FQ 2 = FM .FN .FT 2 = FI 2 FT 2 FQ.FQ = FI .FT
FQ.FQ
= FI
FT
Bi 4. Cho parabol (P): y 2 = 2 px ( p > 0 ) . Gi s chm ng thng () lun

i qua tiu im F v lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit M, N. CMR: Tch cc
khong cch t M, N n trc honh Ox khng ph thuc vo v tr ca ()
Gii
p
Xt () i qua F ; 0 v ct (P) ti hai im phn bit M, N theo 2 kh nng:
2
64
Bi 6. ng Parabol
p
p p
i ( ) : x = ; ( ) ( P) ti M ; p , N ; p d ( M ; Ox ) .d ( N ; Ox ) = p 2
2
2 2
i ( ) : y = k x , k 0 . Ta ca M ( x1 , y1 ) , N( x 2 , y 2 ) l nghim ca h:
y2
y 2 = 2 px
kp 2
x =
2
p
y
y
=
= p2
kp
1 2
k
y
=
kx
ky 2 2 py kp 2 = 0
Ta c d ( M , Ox ) d ( N , Ox ) = y1 . y 2 = y1 . y 2 = p 2 = p 2 .
Bi 5. Cho parabol (P) y 2 = 2 px . Gi s trn (P) ly im A c nh v hai
im B, C di ng c tung ln lt l a, b, c sao cho AB AC. CMR:
ng thng ni B, C lun i qua mt im c nh.
Gii
2
Cc im A, B, C ln lt c ta l A a ;
2p
2
a, B b ;
2p
2
b, C c ;c .
2p
b 2 a 2
2
2

AB =
; b a // u b + a ; 1 ; AC = c a ; c a // v c + a ; 1 .
2
p
2
p
2
p
2p

4 p 2
(b + a ) ( c + a )
Do AB AC nn AB. AC = 0
c
=
a (1).
+
1
=
0
a+b
4p2
ng thng ni B, C c phng trnh 2 px c 2 = ( b + c ) y ( b + c ) c (2)
4p2
4p2
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c: 2 px b
a y ba +
=0
a+b
a+b
2 p ( a + b ) x ( b 2 a 2 ) 4 p 2 y ba ( a + b ) 4 p 2 b = 0 (3)
Gi s h (3) lun i qua im nh I ( x, y ) vi mi b. Khi :
b 2 ( y + a ) + b ( 2 px 4 p 2 a 2 ) + 2 pax + a 2 y + 4 p 2 y = 0 , b
y + a = 0
y = a
a2
2
2
2
2 px = 4 p a = 0
im
c
nh
U
+ 2 p; a
a
2p
x = 2 p + 2 p
2
2
2 pax + a y + 4 p y = 0
Bi 6. Gi s hai parabol y = ax 2 + b ; x = cy 2 + d ( ac 0 ) ct nhau ti 4 im

phn bit. Chng minh rng: Cc giao im ny nm trn mt ng trn.
Gii
65
Gi s y = ax 2 + b ; x = cy 2 + d ( ac 0 ) ct nhau ti M k ( x k ; y k ) ( k = 1, 4 ) .
yk
2
b
y k = ax k2 + b
a = x k + a (1)
Ta c

. Cng cc v ca (1), (2) vi nhau:
2
x k = cy k + d
xk = y 2 + d ( 2)
k
c
c
y k xk
x
y
+
= x k2 + y k2 + b + d x k2 k + y k2 k + b + d = 0
a
c
a c
c
a a c
) (
= 1 2 + 1 2 b d . Do hai parabol ct nhau ti

a c
2c
2a
bn im phn bit nn 1 2 + 1 2 b d > 0 . T M k ( x k ; y k ) ( k = 1, 4 )
a c
2c
2a
xk 1
2c
+ yk 1
2a
nm trn ng trn tm I 1 ; 1 v bn knh R = 1 2 + 1 2 b d .

2c 2 a
a c
2c
2a
Bi 7. Vit PT cc cnh tam gic ni tip trn parabol (P): y 2 = 8 x bit mt
nh l tm O v trc tm l tiu im ca (P)
HD: Trc tm F(2; 0), V OF AB A, B i xng nhau qua Ox.

Gi A(x, y); B(x; y) OA FB A (10; 4 5 ) , B (10; 4 5 )
Bi 8. Cho (P): y 2 = 2 px ( p > 0) ; (D) i qua tiu im F ca (P) ct (P) ti M,
N. t ( Ox, FM ) = [ 0; 2] .
b. CMR :
HD: a. FM =
1 + 1 = const
FM FN
a. Tnh FM, FN theo p, .

c. CMR : FM.FN nh nht khi (D) Ox.
p
p
; FN =
1 cos
1 + cos
Bi 9. Cho (P): y 2 = 2 px ( p > 0 ) . Ly M(P) O. Gi N, K l hnh chiu ca

M ln Ox, Oy. CMR : ng thng i qua K v OM lun i qua mt
im c nh. ng thng i qua K v NK lun i qua 1 im c
nh. ng thng NK lun tip xc vi mt parabol c nh.
Bi 10. Cho (P): y 2 = 4ax ( a > 0 ) tiu im F. Gi M (P). Tip tuyn (d) ca
(P) ti M ct Oy ti N. ng thng () qua M (d); K l hnh chiu
2
ca F ln (). CMR : FN MN v FN = const v K Parabol c nh.
FM
66

(Trần Phương) Bài Tập Và Phương Pháp Giải Tích Oxy

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AOTRANGTB.

HNH GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG OXY

3. Phng trnh h s gc: PT t () vi h s gc a l: y = ax + b.

8. Phng trnh t () i qua 2 im M1(x1, y1), M2(x2, y2):

ng thng () i qua I l: p ( a1 x + b1 y + c1 ) + q ( a 2 x + b2 y + c2 ) = 0 vi p 2 + q 2 > 0

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

2. Dng tng qut:

IV. GC GIA 2 NG THNG:

2. Dng tng qut:

Bi 2. Phng trnh ng thng trong mt phng

1. Khong cch t M0(x0, y0) n (): ax + by + c = 0 l: d ( M , ( ) ) =

Phn gic gc nhn

a1a2 + b1b2 > 0

Bi 2. Cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1; 3)

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

b. (AB) ( ) : 3x + 2 y 4 = 0 v cha A(1;3) ( AB ) : 2( x + 1) 3( y + 3) = 0

Bi 2. Phng trnh ng thng trong mt phng

Bi 5. Cho ( 1 ) : 2 x y + 5 = 0 ; ( 2 ) : x + y 3 = 0 v im M(2; 0).

Bi 6. Cho ABC c nh A(2;7) phng trnh mt ng cao v mt trung

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

(AC) (BH): 3x + y + 11 = 0 v (AC) i qua im A(2; 7) nn phng trnh

Bi 7. Cho ABC c nh A(1; 2), ng trung tuyn (BM): 2 x + y + 1 = 0 v

T A(1;2) k (AK) (CD): x + y 1 = 0 ti I (im K ( BC ) )

Bi 2. Phng trnh ng thng trong mt phng

Bi 8. Vit phng trnh ng thng () i qua M(4; 1) v ct cc tia Ox, Oy

Gi s () ct tia Ox ti A(a; 0) v Oy ti B(0; b) (vi a, b > 0)

Bi 9. Lp phng trnh ng thng () i qua im M(2; 1) v to vi

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

Phng trnh (AB) l: 2 x + y 2 = 0

Mt khc: S ABCD = AB.CH = 4 (CH: chiu cao) CH = 4

Suy ra hai im A v B nm cng pha

1. Gi A l i xng ca A qua (d)

Bi 2. Phng trnh ng thng trong mt phng

Ta ca M l nghim ca h phng trnh:

Bi 12. Cho ( D1 ) : kx y + k = 0 v ( D2 ) : (1 k ) x + 2ky (1 + k 2 ) = 0

a. Chng minh khi k thay i ( D1 ) lun lun qua mt im c nh.

b. Ta giao im ca ( D1 ) v ( D 2 ) l nghim ca h phng trnh

Do qu tch ca M l ng trn tm O bn knh R = 1.

a. Chng minh d 1 v d 2 lun ct nhau.

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

+ 1 > 0, nn h phng trnh c nghim duy nht.

Vy d 1 v d 2 lun lun ct nhau ti im P (pcm)

Suy ra: PA 2 + PB 2 = 8 . Theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski, ta c:

rng A d 1 , B d 2 v AB = 2 2 nn theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski th

2. Dng khai trin: ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2ax 2by + c = 0

( C ) : x 2 + y 2 2ax 2by + c = 0 ; im M(m, n)

( M ( C ) ) = m 2 + n 2 2am 2bn + c < 0 : M nm trong

IV. TRC NG PHNG:

1. VPT ng trn ng knh AB bit A(4, 1); B(3, 5)

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

6. VPT ng trn i qua A(6, 3); B(3, 2) v tip xc ( D ) : x + 2 y 2 = 0

10. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua O(0, 0) v tip xc vi 2 ng thng

R1 R2 < d < R1 + R2 : (C1 ), (C 2 ) ct nhau

d > R1 + R2 : ngoi nhau

d < R1 R2 : trong nhau

1. VPT tip tuyn ti giao im ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 4 x 4 y 5 = 0 vi Ox.

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

b. VPT tip tuyn i qua A(1, 5)

10. VPT tip tuyn chung ca 2 ng trn:

1. Cho 8a + 6b = a 2 + b2 + 16 . Tm Max, Min S = 4a + 3b

3. Cho a 2 + b 2 = 1 v c + d = 6 . Chng minh rng: c 2 + d 2 2ac 2bd 18 6 2

Chng minh rng: ( x2 x1 ) + ( y 2 y1 ) 1

Bi 1. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I(3; 1) v chn trn ng