Secant

Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

SecantPileWallDesign&Analysisexample

DeepXcavsoftwareprogram(Version2011)
(ParatiePluswithinItaly)

DocumentVersion1.0
Issued:13January2012
DeepExcavationLLC
www.deepexcavation.com

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

A.Problemdescription
Wearegoingtodesigna12mexcavationbetweentwosecantpilewalls.Thedistancebetweenthetwo
wallsis8m.Therewalldepthwillbe16m.
Theminimumrequireddewateringlevelis1mbelowmaximumexcavationlevel.
Inthismodelwewillusestrutsupports,MetricPipeswithDiameter=0.6m.
Concretecubestrength:40N/mm2,sowewilluseconcreteC32/40.
Figure1presentstheconstructionsiteandFigure2presentstheDesignSectionAA,whichismarkedin
Figure1andwillbeanalyzed.Tables1and2presentthesoilpropertiesandthewallproperties
respectively.

Figure1:SiteplanandDesignSectionAA.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure2:DesignSectionAA.
Table1:Soilparameters.
Soil
Layer
MDS
VDS

(deg) (kPa) (kN/m3)

34
0
19
41
0
19.5

Designparameter
KY
ELOAD

KX
(m/s)
(m/s) (kN/m2)
(kN/m3)
19
1.15E5 1.15E5 30000
19.5
1.15E5 1.15E5 60000

ERELOAD
(kN/m2)
90000
180000

Table2:Wallparameters.
Pilediameter(D)
Pilespacing
Pilelength
Concrete
Steel
Rebars
Numberofrebarsperpile
Shearreinforcement
Shearreinforcementspacing

0.6m
0.6m
16m
C32/40
S500
D25
10
SpiralReinf
D10
250mm

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

B.ModelinginDeepXcav
Now we will present how this model can be designed using DeepXcav. In DeepXcav we can add
constructionstagesbypressingtheAddStagebuttonintheModeltab.
Stage0:

First,wemodifyoursoillayers.IntheGeneraltabofDeepXcavwepressthebutton
(Figure3).
In the dialog that appears we choose to change the general elevation to the elevation 7.2 m, and to
applythischangetoallboreholes(Figure4).Next,wepressthebutton
inthemodeltabin
order to add a second wall to the model (Figure 5). We right click on each wall and we choose to
Deactivateitforthisstage.

Figure3:TheGeneraltabofDeepXcavandtheMovemodelElevationsbutton.

Figure4:TheMoveElevationsdialog.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure5:Thetwowalls,deactivatedinStage0.
Next,wewillapplythesoilproperties.Todoso,wegototheModeltabofDeepXcavandwepressthe
button
inordertomodifyourstratigraphy.Whenwedoso,theEditBoringsandSoils
dialogappears(Figure6).Herewechoosetoaddanewsoilwiththetopelevationof0.Wepressthe
Edit button next to each soil layer in order to edit the layer properties. Then the Edit soil data dialog
appears(Figures7and8).

Figure6:TheSoilLayersdialog.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure7:TheEditsoildatadialog.

Figure8:SoilmodelandLoadingReloadingElasticityparameters.
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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Next,weeditthewallproperties.Wedoubleclickoneachwallandweapplythechanges(Figure9).To
editthewallsectionproperties,wepresstheEditSectionbutton.Inthedialogthatappears,wechoose
tousesecantpilewallsandweapplyourpreferences(Figures10and11).

Figure9:TheEditwalldatadialog.

Figure10:TheEditwallsectionpropertiesdialog.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure11:Theconcreteandrebarproperties.
Stage1:
In this stage we will modify the soil inclinations in order to design our model. To create the bench
surfaces,werightclickonourmodel,firstontheleftsideoftheleftwallandnextontherightsideof
the right wall, and we choose to Set left bench surface and Set right bench surface respectively
(Figure12).ThentheModifysurfacesectiondialogappears,andweapplyourpreferences(Figure13).

Figure12:Theavailablesurfaceoptions.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure13:Themodifysurfacesectiondialog.
Next,intheModeltabwechoosetoexcavatebetweenthe2wallstotheElevation4m(Figure14)and
byrightclickingoneachwallwechoosetoactivateit.Figure15presentsthemodelofthisstage.

Figure14:Modeltab:ExcavatebetweenthetwowallstoElevation4m.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure15:Model,Stage1.
Stages2to8:
Inthesestagesweexcavateandapplythestrutsupportsstepbystep.Toexcavate,wechangetheLayer
elevationbetweenthe2walls(Figure14).Wearecarefultokeepthewatertableatleast1mbelowthe
excavation.Table3presentsthesoilandwatertableelevationineachconstructionstage.
Table3:SoilandWatertableelevations.
Stage
Stage2
Stage4
Stage6
Stage8

SoilElevation(m)
3.4
1.1
4.6
8

Watertableelevation(m)
1
2.1
5.6
9

Inthestagethatfollowseachexcavation,weaddastrutsupporttothemodel.Todoso,weclickonthe
button
inthetoolbarontheleftsideofthescreen,andthenweclickfirstontheleftandnexton
therightwall.Inthedialogthatappearswecandefinethestrutproperties(Figure16).Table4presents
thestrutandexcavationlevelswheneachstrutisfirstinstalled.
Table4:SoilandWatertableelevations.
Stage
Stage3
Stage5
Stage7

SoilElevation(m)
3.7
0.8
4.3

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure16:EditStrutpropertiesdialog.
InStage3weaddasurfaceloadontheleftwallof15kPa.Todoso,weclickonthetoolbutton
on
theleftverticaltoolbar.Thenweclickontheleftpointandnexttothesurfacepointnexttothewall.
Whenwedoso,thedialogonFigure16Bappears.Hereweselectthe"Treatassurfaceloadoption"and
changetheverticalsurchargeintensityto15kPaonbothpoint1(left)andpoint2(right).

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure16B:Surchargedialog
IntheAnalysistabofDeepXcavweapplyouranalysisoptions(Figure17).

WechoosetousetheBeamonElastoplasticFoundationsAnalysisMode(nonlinear)
Wechoosetoapplywallfrictionasapercentageofsoilfrictiononbothwalls(66%)

Figure17:Analysisoptions.
Finally,wegototheDesigntabofDeepXcavandweapplyaWallSafetyFactorof1.5(Figure18).

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Figure18:WallSafetyFactor.
Stage9:
Weaddthislaststagetothemodelinordertochangethewaterbehaviortoafullflownetforthisstage
(inallotherstageswewillkeepaSimplifiedflow).IntheAnalysistab,wechoosetouseaflownetandto
applythischangeonlytothecurrentStage(Figure19).

Figure19:Flownet.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

C.Results
After we perform the calculations we can see the results in the results tab of DeepXcav. We can see
variousresultsforeachconstructionstage:

Wallmoments

Figure20:Wallmomentdiagramsforstage8and9respectively(redlineiswallcapacity).

Wallshearforces

Figure21:Wallsheardiagramsforstage8and9respectively(darkredlineiswallshearcapacity).

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Walldisplacements

Figure22:Walldisplacementsforstage8and9respectively.

Effectiveverticalstresses

Figure23:Effectiveverticalstressforstage7and8respectively.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

WaterPressureshadings(Stage9Flownetanalysis)

Figure24:Waterpressureshadings.

EmbedmentSafetyFactors

Figure25:Embedmentsafetyfactors.
Fromtheresultsabove,wecometothefollowingconclusions:
a. The shear capacity of the wall is not enough for this model, so we suggest reducing the shear
reinforcementspacing.
b.Thewallembedmentisnotenough,soweshouldincreasethepilelength.
c.Weshouldincreasethedewateringdepthbeneaththeexcavationsurface.

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Secant Pile Wall Design and Analysis example

Wewillperformthefollowingactionsandrecalculatethemodel:

Wewillincreasethewalldepthto22m.
Wewilldecreasetheshearreinforcementspacingto125mmandshearreinforcementdiameter
toD12.
Wewillsetthedewateringleveltotheelevation10mforthestages8and9.

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