Material:

1. Piston rings are commonly made from cast iron. Cast iron
retains the integrity of its original shape under heat, load,
and other dynamic forces. Piston rings seal the combustion
chamber, conduct heat from the piston to the cylinder wall,
and return oil to the crankcase. Piston ring size and
configuration vary depending on engine design and cylinder
material.
2. http://courses.washington.edu/engr100/Section_Wei/engine/
UofWindsorManual/Piston%20and%20Piston%20Rings.htm
3. Pistons are commonly made of a cast aluminum alloy for
excellent and lightweight thermal conductivity.
4. the connecting rods are most usually made of steel for production engines, but can be

5.

made of T6-2024 and T651-7075 aluminum alloys[9] (for lightness and the ability to absorb
high impact at the expense of durability) or titanium (for a combination of lightness with
strength, at higher cost) for high-performance engines, or of cast iron for applications
such as motor scooters. They are not rigidly fixed at either end, so that the angle
between the connecting rod and the piston can change as the rod moves up and down
and rotates around the crankshaft.