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Walk N Charge Final
Walk N Charge Final
This project is designed to ensure that our cell phones never run out of
juice by letting us charge it while we are on our daily walk and getting
some exercise and thereby getting two jobs done at the same time. The
basic idea is about converting a part of the bio-mechanical energy spent
in our day-to-day lives (while walking) into a usable form and storing it
to charge low-power battery-operated devices.
INTRODUCTION:
Mobile phones are used widely in our everyday lives giving
us the freedom to communicate anywhere and at anytime. Equipped with
various facilities, it is available to people of all classes. The affordable
price range and the easy application make it a pleasure to use. Besides
communication, they also have various other services programmed in
them. The latest mobile phones are incorporated with features like MP3
players, high resolution camera, high sound quality, 3G technology and
the list goes on. The mobile phones have become a hit among all classes
of people from kids to teenagers to adults allowing them to enjoy a techsavvy lifestyle. These phones are considered as style statement and give
a sophisticated touch to your profile.
The utility of this device is no longer unknown. The rate of
sales growth in India shows that nearly six million people buy cells
every month in India. In fact this is the largest growing market in the
world. An expected target of 800 million buyers by 2011, does not seem
to be impossible.
Although the extensive use of mobile phones have placed us in a
completely new arena but the core of all the mobile phones have
remained constant and thats the battery and the charging of this battery.
The majority of cell phones use built-in batteries that can be recharged
with a charger and an electrical outlet. But if the charger is improperly
used, it may stop operating and even cause dangerous situations. We
rely heavily on our cell phones for various applications, so we need to
realize how important it is to have enough battery power to make
accomplish our needs. Fortunately, companies have created so many
different types of cell-phone chargers so that we can easily and
conveniently charge our batteries.
These chargers come in five basic varieties:
Wall chargers,
Car chargers,
Desktop chargers,
Emergency chargers and
Green chargers.
Wall Chargers
Of all the types of cell-phone chargers, wall chargers are the most
common. An AC wall adapter is included with your cell phone when you
purchase it.
Car Chargers
Car chargers plug into the cigarette lighter outlet or accessory outlet
in your vehicle, allowing you to charge your cell phone while you drive.
Car chargers come in three varieties: fast chargers, rapid chargers and
trickle chargers. All three types allow you to use your cell phone while
the battery is charging. The primary difference is the speed of charge.
Use fast chargers with caution. If you do not unplug your cell phone as
soon as the battery is charged, the battery can overheat and become
damaged.
Desktop Chargers
Desktop chargers, also known as docking stations, contain a base
with one or more slots to hold your cell phone or other electronic
devices. These chargers typically connect to your computer with a USB
cable. One drawback of desktop chargers is that you cannot use your cell
phone while it is charging.
Emergency Chargers
Emergency chargers generally require AAA batteries. They do not
give enough power to charge your cell-phone battery completely, but
you can get at least a half-hour of talk time in the event of an emergency.
Green Chargers
Some companies have begun manufacturing green chargers.
Numerous companies, such as ElectroHiFi and IST SideWinder, produce
crank chargers that permit you to charge your cell phone by turning a
crank. These chargers typically produce small amounts of power, enough
to make an emergency call. Solio has a solar-powered charger that can
also use USB ports or wall outlets if there is not enough sunlight. Nokia
has created a bicycle charger that allows you to charge your cell phone
as you pedal your bike.
The disadvantages of using conventional portable chargers for the
purpose of charging mobile phones include the conventional portable
chargers' requirement of a power supply, which is very impossible in the
conditions of no power or low voltage. This causes fluctuation in the
OPERATION:
The mechanism involves three basic stages:
Conversion of mechanical to electrical energy
Storing the electrical energy
Using this energy to charge mobile phones
Mechanical to
Electrical Energy
Storing the
electrical energy
P1 = 20K
P2 = 20K
R1 = 390R
R2 = 680R
R3 = 39R-1W
R4 = 27K
R5 = 47K
R6 = 3.3K
R7 = 100R-1W
C1 = 4.7uF-25V
C2 = 0.01uF
C3 = 0.001uF
D1 = 5.6V-1W Zener
Q1 = SL100
S1 = On/Off Switch
is fully charged, the output terminal voltage increases the voltage at pin
2 of IC1 above the trigger point threshold.
This switches off the flip-flop and the output goes low to terminate the
charging process. Threshold pin 6 of IC1 is referenced at 2/3Vcc set by
P1. Transistor Q1 is used to enhance the charging current. Value of R3 is
critical in providing the required current for charging. With the given
value of 39-ohm the charging current is around 180 mA. The circuit can
be constructed on a small general-purpose PCB.
For calibration of cut-off voltage level, use a variable DC power source.
Connect the output terminals of the circuit to the variable power supply
set at 7V. Adjust P1 in the middle position and slowly adjust P2 until
LED (D2) goes off, indicating low output. LED should turn on when the
voltage of the variable power supply reduces below 5V. Enclose the
circuit in a small plastic case and use suitable connector for connecting
to the cell phone battery.
COMPONENT SPECIFICATION:
NE555 TIMER IC:
The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety
of timer and multivibrator applications.
Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: The 555 can operate as a flipflop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses
include bounce free latched switches, etc.
NAME
GND
TRIG
3
4
OUT
RESET
CTRL
THR
DIS
V+,Vcc
PURPOSE
Ground, low level (0 V)
OUT rises, and interval starts, when this input
falls below 1/3 VCC.
This output is driven to +VCC or GND.
A timing interval may be interrupted by driving
this input to GND.
"Control" access to the internal voltage divider
(by default, 2/3 VCC).
The interval ends when the voltage at THR is
greater than at CTRL.
Open collector output; may discharge a
capacitor between intervals
Positive supply voltage is usually between 3
and 15 V.
4.5 to 15 V
3 to 6 mA
10 to 15 mA
200 mA
600 mW
0 to 70 C