Chapter 1 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions

1.4 The equation that relates deg F to deg C is: t(F) = 1.8 t(C) + 32. Solve this
equation by setting t(F) = t(C).
t 0

Guess solution:
Given

t = 1.8t  32

1.5 By definition:

P=

Find()
t
40

F = mass g

P  3000bar

D  4mm

F  P A

9.807

S 2
D
4
F
mass 
g
A

m
2

s
1.6 By definition:

P=

Ans.

Note: Pressures are in

gauge pressure.
A
mass

12.566 mm

384.4 kg

Ans.

F = mass g

P  3000atm

D  0.17in

F  P A

32.174

S 2
D
4
F
mass 
g
A

ft
2

sec

A
mass

0.023 in

1000.7 lbm

Ans.

1.7 Pabs = U g h  Patm

U  13.535

gm
3

g  9.832

cm

Patm  101.78kPa

1.8

U  13.535

gm
3

h  56.38cm

Pabs  U g h  Patm

g  32.243

cm

Patm  29.86in_Hg

ft
2

Pabs

176.808 kPa Ans.

h  25.62in

Pabs  U g h  Patm

Pabs

27.22 psia

Ans.

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1.10 Assume the following: U  13.5

gm

g  9.8

cm
P  400bar

1.11

m
2

h

Ug

Ans.

302.3 m

The force on a spring is described by: F = Ks x where Ks is the spring

constant. First calculate K based on the earth measurement then gMars
based on spring measurement on Mars.
On Earth:
F = mass g = K x

mass  0.40kg

g  9.81

x  1.08cm

s
F  mass g

Ks 

3.924 N

F
x

Ks

363.333

N
m

On Mars:
x  0.40cm
gMars 

1.12 Given:

FMars
mass
d
P = U g
dz

FMars  K x
gMars

0.01

and:

FMars
mK

U=

M P
R T

Substituting:

PDenver

Psea  1atm

sea

Psea

M  29

PDenver = Psea
gm
mol

M P
d
P= 
g
R T
dz

Denver M g
1
dP =

dz
P

R T

PDenver

ln

Taking the exponential of both sides

and rearranging:

mK

Ans.

kg

Separating variables and integrating:

P
After integrating:

3

4 u 10

M g
zDenver
R T

 M g z

Denver
R T

e
g  9.8

m
2

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R  82.06

cm atm
mol K
M g
R T

PDenver  Psea

T  (10  273.15)K
zDenver

zDenver  1 mi

0.194

 M g z

Denver
R T

PDenver

0.823 atm

Ans.

PDenver

0.834 bar

Ans.

1.13 The same proportionality applies as in Pb. 1.11.

gearth  32.186

ft

gmoon  5.32

s
'learth  'lmoon

1.14

gearth
gmoon

'learth

wmoon  M gmoon

wmoon

costbulb

5.00dollars
hr
10
1000hr
day
18.262

D  1.25ft

113.498

dollars
yr

Ans.

113.498 lbm
18.767 lbf

Ans.

0.1dollars
hr
10
70W
kW hr
day

costelec 

costtotal  costbulb  costelec

1.15

'lmoon  18.76

M  'learth lbm

costbulb 

ft

costelec

25.567

dollars
yr

costtotal

43.829

dollars
yr Ans.

mass  250lbm

g  32.169

ft
2

3
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Patm  30.12in_Hg
(a) F  Patm A  mass g

(c)

'l  1.7ft

1.18

A

Wdot  200W

m
2

S 2
D
4

A
4

110.054 kPa

'EP  mass'
g l

'EP

EK

Ans.

g  9.813

Work

mass'
g h
time

424.9 ft lbf

1.909 u 10 N

3
4.8691 u 10 ft lbf Ans.

Work  F 'l

1
2
mass u
2

Wdot =

Ans.

Pabs

Work  EK

1.19

16.208 psia

mass  150kg

u  40

1.227 ft

Ans.

'PE

mass  1250kg
EK 

'PE  mass'
g l

F
A

'l  0.83m

Work

(a) F  Patm A  mass g

(c)

Work  F 'l

Patm  101.57kPa

(b) Pabs 

2.8642 u 10 lbf

Pabs

D  0.47m

1.16

(b) Pabs 

A

0.173 m

Ans.
Ans.
15.848 kJ Ans.
1.222 kJ

Ans.

m
s

1000 kJ

Work

1000 kJ

Ans.
Ans.

0.91 0.92
g  9.8

m
2

'h  50m

s
4

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it without permission.

Wdot

mdot 

1.22
a) cost_coal 

mdot

g 'h 0.91 0.92

0.488

25.00
ton

29

cost_gasoline 

cost_coal

MJ

0.95 GJ

kg
s

Ans.

1

kg
2.00
gal

37

GJ

cost_gasoline

14.28 GJ

1

m
cost_electricity 

0.1000
kW hr

cost_electricity

27.778 GJ

1

b) The electrical energy can directly be converted to other forms of energy

whereas the coal and gasoline would typically need to be converted to heat
and then into some other form of energy before being useful.
The obvious advantage of coal is that it is cheap if it is used as a heat
source. Otherwise it is messy to handle and bulky for tranport and
storage.
Gasoline is an important transportation fuel. It is more convenient to
transport and store than coal. It can be used to generate electricity by
burning it but the efficiency is limited. However, fuel cells are currently
being developed which will allow for the conversion of gasoline to electricity
by chemical means, a more efficient process.
Electricity has the most uses though it is expensive. It is easy to transport
but expensive to store. As a transportation fuel it is clean but batteries to
store it on-board have limited capacity and are heavy.

5
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it without permission.

1.24 Use the Matcad genfit function to fit the data to Antoine's equation.
The genfit function requires the first derivatives of the function with
respect to the parameters being fitted.
Function being fit:

A B

TC
f (T  A  B  C) e

First derivative of the function with respect to parameter A

B
d
f (T  A  B  C)o exp A 
T  C
dA

First derivative of the function with respect to parameter B

1
B
d
f (T  A  B  C)o
exp A 
TC
T  C
dB

First derivative of the function with respect to parameter C

B
B
d

f (T  A  B  C)o
exp A 
2
T  C
dC

(T  C)

18.5

9.5
0.2

11.8
23.1
t

32.7

44.4

52.1

63.3

75.5

3.18

5.48
9.45

16.9
28.2
Psat 

41.9

66.6

89.5

129

187
6

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it without permission.

T  t  273.15

lnPsat  ln (Psat)

Array of functions used by Mathcad. In this case, a0 = A, a1 = B and a2 = C.

a1

exp
a

0

T  a2

a1

exp a0 

T  a2

F (T  a)
a
1

exp
a

0

T  a2
T  a2

a1
a1

exp a0 

2
T  a2

T  a2

Guess values of parameters

15
guess  3000
50

Apply the genfit function

A
B  genfit (T  Psat  guess  F)
C

A
B
C

13.421

2.29 u 103

69.053

Ans.

Compare fit with data.

200

150
Psat
f (T  A  B  C)

100

50

0
240

260

280

300

320

340

360

To find the normal boiling point, find the value of T for which Psat = 1 atm.

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Psat  1atm

Psat
A  ln

kPa

Tnb  273.15K
1.25
a) t1  1970

t2  2000

C2  C1 ( 1  i)

Tnb 

t2  t1

 C K

Tnb

Ans.

56.004 degC
dollars
gal
dollars
1.513
gal

C1  0.35
C2

329.154 K

i  5%

The increase in price of gasoline over this period kept pace with the rate of
inflation.
b) t1  1970
Given

t2  2000
C2
C1

= ( 1  i)

C1  16000

t2  t1

dollars
yr

i  Find ( i)

C2  80000

dollars
yr

5.511 %

The salary of a Ph. D. engineer over this period increased at a rate of 5.5%,
slightly higher than the rate of inflation.
c) This is an open-ended problem. The strategy depends on age of the child,
and on such unpredictable items as possible financial aid, monies earned
by the child, and length of time spent in earning a degree.

8
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it without permission.