mb kLvi hv`ywe`v: wWwRU jvwbs gvwRK(DLM) GKwU gwjK MelYvKg|

MelYvKgwU GK`g mnR I gRvi| GUv mZ h, gwLKfve MelYvKgwU Zzj

aiv hZUv mnR, wjwLZfve Zvi Pq Zzjbvg~jK GKUz KwVb gb nZ cvi|
Ze AvjvPbv h_ mnReva Ki Dvcb Kivq, MelYvKgwU cvV kl
Avcwb GK aibi Avb` Abyfe Kieb, hvK ej weRqi Avb`, bZzbK
Rvbvi Avb`|
wcq cvVK,
Pjyb Avgiv mivmwi g~j MelYvq cek Kwi| iZB ej wbwQ- Avwg GB
MelYvKgwUZ MwYZi `kwU wWwRU(Digit) eenvi KiwQ| wWwRU `kwU njv1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0|
Avgiv c~Yv AvjvPbvwUK PviwU avc fvM KiwQ|

c_g avc
G avci iZB MwYZi `kwU(10) wWwRUK Pjyb K_vq cKvk Kwi|
`kwU wWwRU
K_vq cKvk
1
GK
2
`yB
3
wZb
4
Pvi
5
cuvP
6
Qq
7
mvZ
8
AvU
9
bq
0
k~b

Avgiv Dcii QKwUZ `kwU wWwRUK K_vq cKvk Kijvg| GLvb Avgiv gRvi
GKwU Z_ `LZ cvwQ- cwZwU wWwRU wK ay 2wU eY viv wjwLZ! hgb: GK,
`yB, wZb ... cwZwUZ `ywU Ki eY iqQ|

wZxq avc
GB avc Avgiv 10wU wWwRUi cwZwU _K c_g eYwU Avjv`v Kiev A_vr,
wVK Gfve... GK(1) _K G, `yB _K `| cwZwU Avjv`v Kiv c_g
eYwUK Avgiv DLM KvW wnme wPbe| Pjyb, i Kiv hvKK_vq DLM KvW
c_g eY
fvjv Ki j Kib
GK
G
cvki QKi 10wU wWwRUi cwZwUi c_g eY
`yB
`
evwK 9wU wWwRUi c_g eY _K c_K|
wZb
Z
Pvi
P
2wgwbU mgq wbq Gevi Aviv fvjvfve j
cuvP
c
Kib, mwZB Kx cwZwU wWwRUi c_g eY evwK
Qq
Q
9wU wWwRUi c_g eY _K c_K?
mvZ
m
nuv, cwZwU wWwRUi c_g eY
AvU
Av
evwK 9wU wWwRUi c_g eY _K c_K!
bq
b
k~Y
k

Dcii AvjvPbv viv hnZz cgvwYZ njv h, 10wU wWwRUi cwZwUi

c_g eY evwK 9wU wWwRUi c_g eY _K c_K; mnZz Avgiv wbPi
QKi gZ fveZB cvwi...
GK Gi G gvbB1
mvZ Gi m gvbB7
`yB Gi ` gvbB2
AvU Gi Av gvbB8
wZbGi Z gvbB3
bq Gi b gvbB9
Pvi Gi P gvbB4
k~b Gi k gvbB0
cvuP Gi c gvbB5
Qq Gi Q gvbB6
GLb hw` AvcbvK ejv nq- G gvb 1 ev ` gvb 2 | Zvnj wK eySZ
Kvb mgmv ne? - wbq bv|

hw` Gfve ck Kwi `v gvb ? mwVK Reve ne- 2| ` gvb? GeviI Reve ne- 2|
GKBfve `y gvb 2, `v gvb 2, ` gvb 2, `v gvb 2|
GLb ck njv- ` Gi h icB `wL bv Kb Reve 2 Kb?
mnR mij gRvi Di njv- KviY ` eYwU ay 2(`yB) wWwRUwUZB iqQ|
hw` `v`v ewj, Zvnj wK eySev? GLvb, `v =2 Ges `v= 2 A_v r `v`v = 22|
GKBfve, Puv` _K cvB, P =4 Ges `=2 A_vr, Pvu`= 42; Pvcv _K cvB,
P=4 Ges c=5 A_vr, Pvcv=45| g~jK_v njv, `v`v ejj eySev 22,
GKBfve, Puv` ejj eySev 42 Ges Pvcv ejj eySev 45| AZe, ejZ
cvwi wWwRU jvwbs gvwRK njv Ggb GKwU cwZ hLvb msLv/wWwRU gb bv
ivLvi cwieZ A_c~Y Kvb ki gvag msLv/wWwRU gb ivLvi cwZ| hv
AZ mnR I ggvwiZ `xNvqx nq _vK| cieZx avcjv cob Aviv
cwivi aviYv Zwi ne Bbkvjvn&|

ZZxq avc
GZY Avgiv hv AvjvPbv Kijvg, Zvi mvigg AskUzKz wbq wb GKwU QK
Zwi KiZ hvwQDLM hv
KvW
K_vq
eySve
Digit
Digit hme ic _vKZ cvi
1
GK
G =1 G=1
G
2

`yB

` =2

`v=2, `=2, `y=2, `v=2, `=2 ....

wZb

Z =3

Zv=3, Z=3,Zz=3 Zv=3, Z=3 ...

Pvi

P =4

Pv=4, P=4, Pz=4, Pv=4, P=4...

cvuP

c=5

cv=5, c=5, cy=5, cv=5, c=5...

Qq

Q=6

Qv=6, Q=6, Qz=6, Qv=6, Q=6...

mvZ

m=7

mv=7, m=7, my=7, mv=7, m=7...

AvU

Av

Av=8

Av=8

bq

b=9

bv=9, b=9, by=9, bv=9, b=9...

k~b

k=0

kv=0, k=0, =0, kv=0, k=0..

 cwZi eenvi:
cwZwU eySvi Rb iZB GKwU D`vniY Zzj aiv hvK|
A_bxwZZ h mvj bvej cyivi Pvjy nq- [gwWKj fwZ cixv: 01-02]
K. 1969
L. 1968
M. 1970
N. 1972
GLvb DLM KvW wnme wbPi evKwU gb ivLZ ne A_bxwZZ bvej cyivi Qvbv Dwoq Pvjy nqwQj|
GLvb, Qvbv nQ- DLM KvW |

hv memgq `yB eYi _vKe Ges KvWwU g~j UwcKm&-Gi ci ciB

eme|
GLvb, Q Z 6 Ges b Z 9 eySvQ| A_v , Qvbv = 69| Dcii Ackb
K Z 69 iqQ| ZvB mwVK Di ne Ackb K|
wbPi QKwU `Lyb welqwU wKqvi nq hve|
DLM: A_bxwZZ bvej cyivi [KeyZii] Qvbv Dwoq Pvjy nqwQj| Di:K

Qvbv=69
A_bxwZZ bvej cyivi

DLM: Qvbv

Gevi wbq Avcbvi gb KqKwU ck Rb wbqQPjyb Rb bqv hvK- KqKwU Riwi ck I Zvi Di
ck 1: Avwg Kb ay ay Qvbv KvWwU gb ivLev? A_ev GB Qvbv KvWwU
Kv_v _K Avmjv? hw` AvgvK Gfve KvW B gyL ivLZ nq Zvnj
mivmwi mb kLvB Zv fvjv!
Di: Avgiv cwZwbqZ KZ wKQzB Zv GKwUi AbwUi mv_ Zzjbv Ki gb
ivwL| Avcbviv hviv mvaviY vbi i ivRavbx, gy`v, msvi m`m BZvw`
gb ivLvi Rb UKwbK gyL Ki _vKb, Zviv nqZ Zzjbvi welqwU eySZ
cviQb|
GLvb Qvbv KvWwU GRb eenvi KiwQ h, Avgiv Rvwb bZzb wKQz Dvab
KiZ kvwi cZxK wnme KeyZii Qvbv Dovbv nq _vK| GKviY
A_bxwZZ bvej cyivi Pvjyi mv_ Qvbv KvWwU ek gvbvbmB| ZvB GLvb
Qvbv KvWwU eenvi KiwQ| hvi djvdj wnme, Avgiv `yUv jvf cvwQ- GK.
Qvbv kwU mnR gb _vKe| `yB. Qvbv _K cvwQ 69| Gfve wkLj
Avcbvi hKvb mb `xNw`b ch gb _vKe| Avgvi K_v KZUzKz eve mwU
cgvYi Rb , Avcwb Avcbvi ezi mv_ Dcii DLM KvW wbq 2/3

wgwbU AvjvPbv Kib, `Leb mbwU Avi KLbI fzjQb bv| mivmwi gyL
Kij, mb wbq mvaviYZ cixvi nj KbwdDkb Zwi nq _vK Ges Di
fzj nIqvi mvebv ewk _vK|
ck 2: wWwRU jvwbs gvwRK(DLM) MelYvKgwUZ ejv nqQ g~j UwcKm&Gi ciciB `yB eYi DLM KvW _vKe| Zvi gvb MelYvKgwU ay
kli `ywU wWwRU gb ivLZ mvnvh KiQ| wK Avgvi ck njv- Zvnj
16k, 17k, 18k, 19k GB `yB wWwRU `ywU wKfve gb ivLev?

Di: iZB ej ivwL- Abymvb Ki `Lv MQ cvq 95%+ mb welqK ck

cixvq Avm ay kli wWwRU `ywU cv_K iL| A_vr wbwZfve ay kli
`ywU wWwRU wkLI Avcwb 100 wU cki 95wUi Di KiZ mg nQb | GLb
K_v nQ evKx 5% ck wbq| m Kvb mgmv bB| aib, GiKg GKwU
ck Avmjv c~eei bvg KLb c~e cvwKvb Kiv nq?
K. 1647
L. 1762
M. 1852
N. 1956
Dcii ckw Ui aib `L wb:m`n eySv hvQ GwU 19 kZKi NUbv| Avcbvi
AePZb ev mPZb gb GZUzKz Rvb h, c~eeK c~e cvwKvb Kiv nq 1900
_K 1971 mvji gvS Kvb GK mgq| Gfve cZwU welqi evcvi
GiKg mvaviY GKUv aviYv AekB _vKe| m Kvb NUbvi 100 eQii
cv_K wbq mgmv nIqvi K_v bq| gb ivLeb, BwZnvm ev NUbvi
avivevwnKZvq wK Avcwb mb wkLeb, hv H BwZnvm ev NUbvB AvcbvK
1600, 1700, 1800, 1900 mvji cv_K gb ivLZ mvnvh Kie|
ck 3: wWwRU jvwbs gvwRK MelYv KgwU Abymvi, Avwg ZLbB Di RvbZ
cviev, hLb A_bxwZZ bvej cyivi [KeyZii] Qvbv Dwoq Pvjy nqwQj|
GiKg DLM KvWjv wkLev| ZvnjZv mB kLvi Svgjv _KB Mjv!
Di: ck DvwcZ cqUjv wbq Avwg `yqKwU K_v ejZ PvB| aib,
wWwRU jvwbs gvwRK QvovB Avcwb wkLZ PvQb mZx`vn c_v iwnZ nq KZ
mvj? | Zvnj Kx KiZ ne? AvcbvK wkLZ ne-mZx`vn c_v iwnZ nq1829 mvj|
ejybZv, GB mvjwU gyL bv Ki Avcwb wK cixvq Di KiZ cvieb?
AekB bq| g~j mZ nQ- AvcbvK hKvb mb c_g RvbZ ne, Zvici
cixvq Di KiZ ne| GwUB cvKwZK wbqg| K_vi mvigg nQ- Avcwb h

c_B GMvb bv Kb AvcbvK gyL KiZB ne| G, UKwbKi gZ

wWwRU jvwbs gvwRK AvcbvK ^Zg mgq gyL KiZ Ges `xNmgq gb
ivLZ mvnvh Kie| PvKzwi cwZ I fwZ cixvi Rb hv AZ Riwi|
Gevi me wPv iL eBwU Abykxjb i Kib| `Leb Avi Kvb ck Zwi ne
bv| axi axi wWwRU jvwbs gvwRK Avcbvi Rb DcfvM nq DVe| `Leb
mwZB hv`yi gZB KvR KiQ|

kl avc (4_ avc)

kl avc Avgiv MelYvi ewZg wbqg wbq K_v ejev| wWwRU jvwbs
gvwRKi g~jK_v nQ- 10wU eYi c_g eY wbq KvW Zwi Kiv| hv Dcii
wP Avgiv BwZga j KiwQ|
Avgiv MelYv KgwUK mnReva Ki Zvjvi Rb `kwU wWwRUi PviwU wWwRU
hgb- 1, 2, 4 I 8 K GKUz wfbfve mvwRqwQ| Avgiv GB PviwU wWwRUi
BwZga GK(1) _K G
`yB (2) _K `
Pvi(4) _K P
Ges AvU(8) _K Av wbqwQ|
wK kl avc Agiv GB PviwU eY hgb- GK/ `yB/ Pvi/ AvU-Gi 1g eY
QvovI 2q eYwUI KvW wnme eenvi Kiev| KviY, G`i 2q eYwjI 1g
eYi gZ Ab Kvb wWwRUi Kvb eYi wgj bB| hgb- GK Gi G
cwieZ hw` K bB, Zvnj `LybZv `kwU eYi Kv_vI K AvQ wK? wbq
bB| ZvB G ejjI 1 A_ev K ejjI 1 B eySve|
MelYvi ewZg hv gb ivLeb
GK-Gi G= 1 A_ev K =1
`yB-Gi ` =2 A_ev B=2
Pvi-Gi P= 4 A_ev i =4
AvU-Gi Av= 8 A_ev U = 8

Pjyb GKwU D`vniY `Lv hvK-

evsjv mvwnZi c_g Dcbvm UKPuv` VvKzii(cvwiPuv` wg) Avjvji Nii

`yjvj Kvb mvj cKvwkZ nq? [hye Dbqb Awa`ii mnKvix cwiPvjKt 94]
K. 1834
L. 1858
M. 1947
N. 1873
DLM: Avjvji Nii `yjvji cU gvUv| Di: L

cU=58
DLM: cU

Avjvji Nii `yjvj

Dcii DLM KvW cU _K c = 5 Ges U = 8 eySvQ! GLvb, Av = 8 Gi

cwieZ U = 8 Gi eenvi `LZ cvwQ|
Gevi m~Y AvjvPbvi wfwZ Ggb GKwU QK AvuKev hv ne GKwU c~Yv QK|

DLM Gi c~Yv QK
hv eySve
Digit
1

K_vq
GK

Digit hme ic _vKZ cvi

KvW
G/K

G=1

G=1

K=1

Kv=1, K=1, Kz=1, Kv=1,K=1

`=2

`v=2, `=2, `y=2, `v=2, `=2

`yB

`/B

B=2

B =2

wZb

Z=3

Zv=3, Z=3,Zz=3 Zv=3,Z=3

P=4

Pv=4, P=4, Pz=4, Pv=4, P=4

Pvi

P/i

i=4

iv=4, i=4, i=4, iv=4,i=4

cvuP

c=5

cv=5, c=5, cy=5, cv=5, c=5

Qq

Q=6

Qv=6, Q=6, Qz=6, Qv=6, Q=6

mvZ

m=7

mv=7, m=7, my=7, mv=7, m=7

Av=8

Av=8

AvU

Av/U

U=8

Uv=8, U=8, Uz=8, Uv=8, U=8

bq

b=9

bv=9, b=9, by=9, bv=9, b=9

k~b

k=0

kv=0, k=0, =0, kv=0,k=0

MelYv KgwU Kxfve eenvi Kieb?

Mc vwW
`Lv MQ MelYv wbq Mc vwW Kij mePq ewk gb _vK| wKfve Mc
vwW Kieb? `y/wZb Rb ez wgj DLM KvW jv wbq wbR`i gZ gRv
KiZ _vKzb| cwZwU DLM KvW Ggbfve Zwi Kiv hLvb gRv Kivi/wPvi
Kivi myhvM AvQ| Mc vwWZ h wWwRUwU coeb, mwUi Rb DLM
KvW Gi mv_ mvgm iL Ggb GKwU situation/Aven Zwi Kib, hv
AvcbvK `xNw`b ch DLM KvW wU AbvqmB gb ivLZ mvnvh Kie|
Pv KiB `Lyb bv, hv`yi gZ KvR Kie!

BQgZ AvuwKSzwK Kib

hw` Avcwb Mc vwWi cwieZ GKvwK cob, Zvnj h wWwRUwU coeb, mwU
wbq wbRi gZ Ki (UKwbK hfve `qv AvQ AbKUv miKg) BQgZ
AvuwKSzwK Kib, Dk _vKe hb DLM KvW Gi mv_ mvgmc~Y GKwU
situation/Aven Zwi nq| dj AvcbvK Avi wWwRUwU gyL ivLZ ne bv,
D situation/Aven-B AvcbvK mgqgZ wWwRUwU gb Kwiq w`e|

eBq UzK wbb

Dcii hKvb GKwU cwZ AbymiY Kivi cvkvcvwk GB cwZwUI AekB cvjb
Kieb| G cwZZ, Avcwb h wWwRUwU mb kLvi hv`ywe`v- wWwRU jvwbs
gvwRK eB _K wkLeb, mswk mnvqK eBqi h RvqMvq wWwRUwU iqQ,
mLvb wWwRUwU UzK wbb| Zvnj hLbB D eB _K Kvb UwcKm& coZ
hveb, ZLbB mwU PvL coe Ges Avcbvi ggvwiK mRvM Ki Zzje| dj
`xNw`b ch gvwRKi gZB Zv gb _vKe|