pyle Ea Es Cae \\ a f FropiceitastZiy are Cees Bi ea 1} pre eoro hea .4 a + ae LA - Va 74 Ve 7 ; o> c J 2 y Ve \| a EY TT NN N Al —_—N oa bas i Nii YX mT es ng 7.Toporne Apy3za! Yvon siete nmol Tare MHeHMe GbmTyeT euje ¢ aHTHUHbX epemen. (KeHui, cTaBulMx yonewnHeiNen soeHavanbHiKamn, eanNMue. fla w wa nepegtem Kpae npencrasn- TenbHMl MpeKpacoro mona KpafiHe ano. HegasHo 8 Coegwnennbox Wrarax PeKOHCTPyHpoBANH — OHO. MS_CaNtbix Kpynibix cyxonyTHbXx cpaxennh [pax AaNcKolt Bofinel. K HerogoBaHIo demy HIICTOR, CPeAM PeKOHCTPYKTOPOS He OKa- ganoce HM OAHOM weHUIMHEs. B 6uTBaX Topol nonosnnbi XIX seka npenicrau- Tenby cna6oro nona He aceraa Gpann axe 8 canuTapKi, B mmposoh ucropnn, noxanyi, Ovin eanncreenHoil cnyvait, Koraa apmana non, PYKOBOACTBOM xkeHUMHE! CyMena nepe- owt xon MHOroneTHeA BOIKH. Kanna a’ApK cTana_ cMMeonom ‘©panunn. Mp 3ToM ee nusHocTs 4 npo- ucxompenne zaranounel. Karty WApK CumTalor HeBaKOHOPOxAeHHO GO4KO koponescKoa xKposv. Mctopmki oT- euaior, 470 ona OGnaniana HeseposTHOM cmon sosneticrena Ha Apyrux. CoBpe: -MeHHMKK OTHOCANMCE K Hei 0-pasHOMy: ‘ogni curani ceATol, pyre — BeAbMoMt. Moxer, 3To abason efi nomoraer?! Tem Gonee Opneancran mesa nocne 6ne- Ccraujen noGents, BonpeKn sonn KOpoHO- BaHHOTO C ee noMoUIbIo Kopona, HaNana HoByio BoeHHyio KaMnaHio, Ho axe cmepTs Opneatckom agsei crana 3aragKom: norwGna mm ona Ha camom gene? Bnpovem, Karonmweckan epKoss, nocnasuian ee Ha KoCTep, noagHee npuatana Kay WApK CoATOn. Cysanennen, rnasHuii penakrop ‘Dewrpait KPYUMHMH Tlognuuimtect Ha razeTy «Boenuan ucTopnia»! Mnnexc = no Katanory tf «louta Poccum: ‘Zsa moma Puxapma Sopre YPORM ENTE. «Cexperssie Moprupsr» Tlopr-Aprypa SHAMEHMTEIE KPEMOCTH. « BOEHHEIE MY3EM. EgMuctsenusie Mupe OKOMEEIi OOP Mosronoit mryPm. 2KEHUIMHA HA BOHHE. TuGem napa napeit Bowne Pango nexors: apMnst KonenepaTHsxnx Ulrato AmepixstAIBA JIMLLA PUXAPALA 30PITE JlerengapHbii copeTcKuii pa3sBequnk pa6otan Ha amepuKantes! K Gorman nesgymoro porra capa MpHxonMT c GomunEM onosmaxmem, cymE6a camoro M3BeCTHOTO COBETCKOTO pa3- Bequmxa Puxapna 3opre Tomy TogTBepxqeHme. Brpowem, paGorant 1H oH TomBKo Ha Co- BercKiit Cows? Ha sTor cueT ecTb HeKOTOpEIe COMHEHUS. jwxapa Zopre ponwnca 4 oKra6pA 1898 roga 6 Baky, rae ero oreu pa- Gotan niweHepom Ha HedTenpoMbiCnaK. Bckope cemba nepe6panace # Fepmaniio, 8 Nepsyio muposyio Paxapa xpa6po cpananca 3a Kaiizepa, To nopreepy- aercn nonyvenHoim wm KenesHbim kpecTom w TpeMs pakienian, OnHaKo ocrurwme crpaly Gens nprisenn K ne- penomy 8 mupogozapenn, u @ 1919 rozy (OH MPHMKHYA K KOMMYHACTaM, Ubnmox cronerun OkoHMMe famGyprexna yHnsepcnrer, Bopre nonyunn creneHb AoKTopa couM- ‘onorn. B 1924 rogy npuexan 8 Mocxsy, IpwHAN cOBeTCKOe rpamslaHCTBO WM pa- Goran 8 annapate Komuirepia. Crap COTPYAHMKOM COBETCKOM BORHHOR pas- senkn, 3opre sepnynca 6 fepmanwo, ‘me fosonbHo ycneUHO Haan Kapbepy axyphanucra. C 1930 rona on paGoran 8 Kirae Kak KoppecnonpeHT HemeuKoro W HecKonbKInc amepnKanckinx. uapiaHnin CCrycta weroipe rona nepeexan 8 ToxHOo. B Tor nepwoa MHorne cuxrann, TO cynb6a TwxooKeaHcKoro pervoHa 3a: sicur oT Wicxoa _npoTMBocronHMA mexkay CCCP 4 nonnei. Ho 3opre sHec Baxnyto KoppexTuay: «Me crano CHO, uro 8 Gynywem CLA 3aimyr mecro BenwKo6piraHin 8 Kayecrse rocnog- Crayiowelt jepxaeei Ha TwxoM oKeaHen. Yauraean cOnvokenue mexay Tepmanuen AnonMeR, CWA BocnpmHAMannce HM kak ecrectaeHHblit cowsHnk CCCP, Takoe OKMMAHNe CHTYAUAA MOFNO TONKHYTS fefo K KOMTaKTaM C aMePHKaHCKOM pa3- BeAKo. Tlonesynce posepnem repmancKoro nocna e Toxo S¥irena Oro, Jopre rpm@ «cexperHno» Toxsitcxan mopaata«Cyrasoo, 8 raropo 7 onpa 1&4 ona Guin xasven Prxapn opre, acne Bos ee echo TpeGonarano aweprnanceexoxxynawronnbi enacted ‘cHa6Kan Mocksy ctparernueckoit i= opmaynelt. Trasnemu ero pocoKe- HuaMi CUNTaIOTCA NepepaHHDle B YeHTP caegennn o fare wananenun Tepmaninn Ha CCCP 10 TOM, uo FinoHnA ® 1941 rony pore Conerckoro Coleza He abicrynut. Mpasaa, nepsomy 43 atx coobueHii He nosepunn, 2270 sTopoe ano 803- MomHocTs nepe6pocuTs ¢ flanbHero Boctoxa 26 amsnsiii, pewmeuinx 4cxon ‘MockoBckoit Gute 18 oxta6pa 1941 ropa 3opre Gtin ape- cToBall ANOHCKOA nonMUNel. 7 HORGPA 1944 roga on Gein noBewien 6 ToKMVicKO Toppe «Cyramo». ‘A Teneps nepenecenca 6 1961 ron, korna Hukure Xpyujesy noxasann xyA0- ecTaenitil Qunoe Vea Yamnn eKTo Bb, Rokrop 3opre?» Tlpocnasurs nocmepTxo. Yana, uro 8 ocHose nna nexar pe- anbibie coGpsria, Xpyujes senen nonyns pramposars mits Zopre. A Bor dune Misa Yamnin c axpana yOpany. KpuTaKam He NoHpasunoce, TO pasBenMK nonysaer CexpeTHble cBeAeHA He C NOMOUIBIO MapKCHCTKO-ReHHHCKO —WAeonOrMH, a ‘egepes coGnasHeHHbN mM AkeHUIHHD, Bed KommeHTapnes ocranca n dunan nen, rae nepen apecrom 3opre ycnesaer ne: penate nocnegnee coobulenne 0 cKopom anagexun sionyes Ha Mépn-XapGop. Mexaniuieckn cnucars ator anwoa a sbimeicen asTopa gunbma Mewlan PRA, ‘oGcronrenscrs. Bo-nepseix, pexuccep, cyenapuct npopiocep Me Yam koHTakr#ponan co cneucnyx6aMn Koe-4To 3Han 06 mx TaMHax. Bo-eTopbix, Noche soitHb! amepukanubi npucnani 8 AInonmo cneynanonyio MACHO, KOTODAA Twarenbo co6upana mAdopmayne 0 Tpynne 3opre m saHuwanace nonckom ero Mormnbi. Bpersix, snonusi He KasHnma passeANMkos TeX CTpaH, C KO- TopbiM 8 faHHbI MOMeHT He Boesann, Bopre xe He cKpbiBan cBoeh npnHan DeMHocTH K coBeTcKoR paaBenKe. Slo Tm4HO npennonomwrs, WTO KaaHANA ero 3a caegeHia, nepenanibie amepn- konuam, KovewHo, game ABnance XVII Bexa) 1 cHaGkan Wx MexaHMEaMOM Of Hospemenoro orxpeiTun ora, Minowere un Taro Ho campih «qonrourpaiouyni» ageKr wmieno cosnanne manomera Kora ne xearano opymuit Tloxazarensio, To now Spetenn sauyerinos Grin (0 GeasicxoAHOCTA. B aBry nposege nea HeyAas Ipuctyninn KnnanomepHon ocane Havanace tpanwefinan sohwa. Ha more ywacreax nosnuinn pore: tnKos cGhummannce Ha paccroniine 20 30 merpos, To wexnio¥ano wcnonb30-Bane TRKeNOM apTannepwm, KOTOpAR Morna nonacts no CBOMM me. Becta no npotueHnky HaBecHor OroHb MOxHO Gbino MB NywWeK TONDKO ‘opHoro Tana - Mopmap. 3aujaTHAKaM TloprAprypa npmuinioce o6paujarecn « ‘cTapoi kuraficknm ray6nyam, KoTopeIN ykopauneann cTeon 4 ycTaHaanneann No GonbWIMM yrnOM Ha AepeBAHHDX nogcraskax. Ho m TakHX opyAlit He xearano. i rorna sauyrrnKn kpenoctu peumnn o6parwreca He k YCTapeBM MyWKAM, a kyCTapesuinn matin. ‘Boo6uje-T0 TepMaH «aania> cnom30- ance 8 cepeanie XIX ~ Hauane XX wexa vvacto. Ho He Bcerfa 8 TOM CMB, B KO= TopoM oH vcrionbayerca 8 Hale BpeMA eu morna wftra 0 ranbeaHo-yslapHbx wapooGpasHbn muHaX, KOTOPLIE BbI- cTaBnAmce 8 Mope Ha BOSMOMHOM yT™ KopaGnei npoTwsHnKa u Bape ance NpM cONPMKOCHOBeHIIN C KOp= rnycom cyaHa. Mocne Toro Kak ocTaTKH PYCCKOM sckappel oKazannch sanepToIMM 8 razann NoprAptypa, cowenume Ha Geper MopAKH Haun STAM MAHaM HOBO pwmeHenne, ckaTbiean Wx nO cKNOHaM xonMos Ha spameckne OKOND Venice TaxoKe M MeTaTeNbHbIe MMH, Gwsume Ha HeGonbuloe paccroAHne W He NpopemoncrpHposasuime ocoGoh 3)- ‘exrusHoctH B Gopp6e Ha mope. 3270 Ha ‘cywe orm npurogunuce. TeGtor y xanoumpa N%3. Paynosanwsarops va Nopr-Aprypa saan yone vmeroUumiicn annapar, NpeA- Craennouysi co6OR saxpsieaiouyioca < Ka2eHHo MacTM MmanKOcTeHHyO Ny, pwcnoco6inn K He AOBONEHO. yoe- ‘cuctyio Anarbopmy, KoTOpaAn AOMKHa ‘Geina nornowaTe 3Heprinio OTAANH, a TAKKE yerpoiirea nasepenia W NpMenABaHR, Cama maa npencrasnana co6oi uM mgpavecknit Hepa. ¢ xB0cTOsuM conepennen kann6pou 225 me, AMO 2,35 merpa m econ 75 xr (exmouan 31 Kr rinpoxcunwa). Gina Taxan «Munna mopmipa> Ha paccronine 100 merpo8. 3dhgextuevocrs ee nponemoncrpH osann 26 ceHtAGpA, Korma ANOHYaM ypanoce saxeaTute oKonbly opta NES ranotmpa N°3. Cnenyouet vx yenbio cran cam Ka- noHp N®3. 37or anuB0n xopoWO ONMCAH, Anexcannpom Crenanoasim, xoropbii ‘enerinnt wanosnkom Haxonwnca 8 opr Aprype, a nosxe anwcan powah, RoceA- enti OGopowe Kpeniocne: «K oKonam rnogoSpaniice 0 poTs| ANOH\eS M4, NpO- S2EUIMC> YePeB NPOSOHOKY, KAYA 8 ture, 3eohapes Toponnnao AepHyn 2a crycrosyo pysry munomera. Miva yam #8 ueHTpe aTaKyou, pasMeras wx Bo Bce cToportl. Crpenki M MaTpoce! Gpocunuich: CYbBbI JIOQCKME Coaparenn «mnnnol moprappy Mogrypcxin wm Passo308 Rocny- ‘wwnnce 0 KOHTp-anMupanos. Monrypexnit ymep 8 1918 rony 8 Ne- @norom 8 Moonsynncxom cpa- wenn. Cronvanca 8 1920 rony 8 ‘opbme, Kya nonan 2a yuacrue 8 armaGonburesucrcxom saronope. Tenepan-maiop Heonna [oGaro ‘nloru6 B 1915 ropy, BosrnapnearaKy ‘pm ocape aBcrpwiicKolt xpenocrn soqnmn. B Tpaxpancryio Boiny cpamanca na cropone Genoix. B amrpayinn pa6oran raKcacrom. ‘Ymepe 1955 ropy 80 Opanyun. Bpyronawiiylo, Ha nnevax ANoHUeS BO- eanice a HioKiMe OKonbI MBBIOMNMOTTYRAA ‘para. Ocrark anoHes oTKaTMAnic K:NO- ‘Rowibe rope. Araxa Gtina oT6uTa>. Kposasas area a rope Bricoxoit Cosnann e MoprAprype muwomer ‘Apyroro wna ~ KOHCTpyK\AM KanMTaKa leona HixonaesnaTo6aTo M mnuMania CCepres Hitnonaesma Bracesa. Onn 06- aTHnncs K euje OmHOM apxanHOt mA, oTopan Kpeniace Ha wecte, 22TeM panicnoprposanace Ha KaTepe KaK ‘MomHo Gnwke K BPaKECKOMY CyAHY. To6sTo m Bracves pewnnn crapamir> x NHPOKCANMHOM W-NpACTOCOBHTD K 47-swnnnumerposoh —_opwocraonsHoi nyue Tounnca Vx neTmuje npencrasnano co6om Ha- caxennyo Ha wiect my 8 ene yee SeHoro KoNyca v2 nucToBoro wene3a, Ha cBo60qHOM KoHYe wecTa HaxXoAMAMCh Yronuyenna funn saxnnenaaHin reper Bbicrpenom HanpasnaiouwKx KpbINbeB. Baxnmnnsann wx, npnenseican « myuKe ‘opynu Tosi wypom Becuna raxve wives 11,5 KF Np mace sapeipvatoro sewectea 62 xr flame oct crpens6e! coctaanana oF 50 20 400 wetpo8 nput yrnax BoassiweNns OT 45, ‘no 65 rpanycos. ory nopaxeni onpe- ‘Ren 49 £a20K, MOXOAA HB TOTO, TO 1 rpaayc nasan npvGMaKeHve Uni yeH weHwe Ha 6-10 waros. V 8 O6wjeM, TaKoe npnyennsanme _cpa6arsieano, ockonbKy 60H Bence Ha MMH ‘ManbHom paccronHn, Hoaoe opyawe ucnontaoeann Ha du- HansHoit craqim OGopoHei KpenocrH, Kora & xope Goes 3a ropy BulcoKyo sions Havanw nonBMparbca K bopTy NE To6rTo cnegyiouynm o6pa30M onw- colpan ator 6oik: «10 HoRBpA Ha Nesom gnanre BeicoKoi rope Geino nocraBneHo 47-wos opynie, W Havanace perynapHaA crpene6a mnnamn aHeM M_ HOMbIO. Ctpenann no nesoft anowcKoi cane; pe- aynstarti crpenb6u! 6SiNM TaKOBHY, TO He 4 /nywennonx mui 3 nonan B Oxon. Kak. ‘Tonbko Rnonusi HaNMHam paGoTaTe Can, ‘TYMA NYCKANM HeCKONEKO MMH, W noche aspeiea Mepsom xe MMB! ANOHUE yOerann; TaknM o6pa30m, wx 3acrasnnn Coseputeso npexpatuts paGorys. CCrpens6a 43 maHoMera Benace Ha npo- “ToKeHMM RATA CYTOK. AOHYb! MposBaNM 370 Opyyine «neTy¥erh CMepTEIO, HW CBO1O Kponaayio matey oH cobpano, Bor Kak Conmceisan OnMH a YYACTHNKOR BMA FOPEL Beicoxoh 8 nocnemsie AHN ocage: «He Geno nowmn Hn opHOrO Tpyna, He UCTep- 3aHHoro OT sapblBa AMHAMITa H AUPOK- ‘annua. ¥ Gonbunicrea Tpynoe, oT fpo- Magioro KonMuecTBa KoTOpsixX novepHena Beicoxaa, He xearano HN Hor, HM PY, Wi Fonosws. Bce 31H tpynist c6neannce 6 KySy BoUIMHOH 8 4 WnK 5 dyTOB. NpenMyWe- CTBeHHO TO Guinn snoHcKAe Tpyne «cypporara aprummepum> Smonen co sanTnem Mopr-Aprypa,x018 Gopwansiio w sazepuinnacs noben0 octasmna y KoMaHnyiowero ocapHor apmneiiretepana Horm Mpa ocafoK. B nicome renepany Tepaysn on npwsHa- tance: «EnMNcrBeHHoe “yBcTBO, KoTOpO A 8 HacTOAUIee BPeMA WENT, 70 Crem w crpananine, To mHe npmuinoce Norpamty Tak MHOrO enoBevecnmn rake, BoeBsx npnacos HBpeMeN Ha HepioxoHuerHoe npeanpnaren Tlorepn snonyesyOurauan ymepuimn ot pati now eqsoe npe- BbIcANK “McReNMOCTE PyccKOrO rap. vwsona. WM ectecrseHHo, TO, vaya 21M coBerTAn, BOeHHE aHANITIKA O6- Pauiannce, mee ecero, x PyccKOMy Consiry, YAenn BHiMaHWe v mnvoMeTaM. Bunanne, enpoveM, Gino Henocra Tourtim, Wx Haabieanu «urpyweuntin "ywkanv, copyawrn, He HMeOUMN By- Ayuero»,«cypporaram aprannepuis. Ho 8 eTpanweinx Gone Nepaoit wnposoii BTM «cypporarsp cHosa cKazann cBoe ‘eckoe cno8o. Cornacho noncveTaM 32 nage ncTOpHKOs noTepH 8 xMDOH cHne CoT¥KOrHA.COCTaBHNAHE MeHeeNONOBMDL or ecex noreps cyxonymbnc apy (© OnerNlOKPOBCKMiA BOEHHAACTOPHA 56 ns erp Ecmm 61 ne mpucoemmsexne Kpsima x Poccum, re pactioioxen ropon Kept, To [lepGerr Tak m ocraBayics 6bI CaMBIM DeBEHMM pocemiicKsm roporiom. O Hem yrnommuan T'eponor BV neKe 70 Haulelt 9pst, IpH4EM KAK 0 TOCeyIeHVAM C JOBOTIBHO TaBHeM ucTopneit. Takast OcBeOMIICHHOCTE O MIpHKACTIMMACKHX O6NACTAX o6nscusercs Tem, uo TlepSexT pacniomaraetcs B CaMOM Y3KOM mecte Bomsuoro Kaska3ckoro mpoxoyia ~ PaBHMHHOTO nyTH 3 1Oxuoro Kapxasa 8 Cepepxbiii BN0M MOpCKoro nobepexEs. ‘97a gopora 6puia wacTEio Bemmxoro wienkoBoro nyTu, a ee 3Ha¥eHme ana pernoua nepeoueHstTs BOOGIE HEBOSMONKHO. Baskioe crparerMeckoe nomioxkerve u Mpenompeneymi10 Gypuyio ucropmo Jlepbeura. ae 2 He «flep6exT> (Jap6ana, Aapy6anan) Repesitaace tema ae ‘asda sopaneeaaonenons nas Waecnneacpee aceerntioaen sooner ee eee pulse anes a ea tlled Serena Ca eee eens siGnoxo pa3sqopa B atom mecte niogn cennnuce ewe 8 IV TeicaveneTan 0 Hauer pL, 0 Mem coneTenbcrByIor OCTaTKA MHOrO- CNEHHEX CTORHOK M_NPHMUTHBHEIX semnanbix yxpenienim. flonroe spema TlepGen coxpanan npw acer cBoeht ear HocTH oTHocmTenbHylo HezaBHICHMOCTE, Hacenesne ero scerna 6uino necrpeine: 33 FOPpOACKUMM CreHaMM YaMBANAC NpeR- Ccraswrenn paabix Haponoe m penn TIpumepro 0 Il seKe Ao Hawer 9pei ‘snece Guia nocrpoeva nepsaa Kpenocte. Caenann 270 npasuTenn jepxassi Ce nesKnos, NoKenaBulMe SATE NOR KOH- pont sax nepexpectok nopor. OHM Bo38enn KaMeHHYIO UMTagenb, KoTOpaA RO Haunx AHeit He coxpanuace. Cne- Aylouwn xosiesan ep6enra crann Pwmale, nepecrponeume Kpenocts Ha eoit nap. C BeKa ropogom m Kpenocrsio ‘nanenn waccarersl. OHM TpaAMUMOHHO Beni KoNesOMi OGpas MSHI, a NOTOMY yranent npuina 8 ynanoK. B Hauane IV gexa maccarerei Gtint no- opens Benikort An6anmelt ~ noponbHo MoU nepxaBO;, NpMHABWIER xPMCTH-ancTBO W BenWe Becronednie Bom c cocennin Wa penuruoaHon nowse. Ecre- Ccpenno, lepGenr Gran cnnoHo yxpenren, Repxusate HanapeHa rynHos, x232p rnepcos. Ho 6 KoMye KOHYOB CAcaHMCKA pat AoGnnca cBoero, ycTaHOSMB KOH pone Haq nobepexbeM Kacrin C 2Toro epemenn Havanace Hosan rrvnne flepBenra. HeckoneKo npapn- Teneii 3 pymacran Cocanngos Hey- Cranto crpomna w o6HoBnann sauyTHBe coopyxeHin ropona, cToRBwero Ha Bamnejwen Kanpaanenwa. Havan mac- uuraGwe paGore xaH Kasag a sasepwian siepes 31 roa ero npeemmmx ~ Xocpos ANyuinpaat. AMeHHO OH Aan ropoRy cO- spenenoe Hassarine 6 nepesone cnep- ‘Gujexoro OHO s8y4uT HecKOMDKO MHaNe HlepSewa, nn eysen nopor),M wMeHHo npn Xocpose wwranen’ Havana npi- Hnmare eng, GnusKii x coBpeMeHHOMy. Coipyosan xnaaxa Gena sameneHa Ka- MeHoi, Gua noctpoeHa ABoiiaR ‘ceva, nepexpuisaioulan_KacnuicKwe sopora s flepGewre. Beero np Myx wlaxax Geno no- ‘erpoeHo Oxon AByx ¢ nonoBHHoft coTeH KivioMeTpos ‘opradKaunOHHeX coopymenit, 0 eM coBpemenHinkn FoBopinn aneKo 3a npenenam nep- capcom enagenni. Branps Xocposa oncunran, sto Ha crpowrenscreo flep- Gentcxom xpenocrn yuna far» CO Bex saccanhoe KNRMECTA 3a ABAAYATS Ner. Baro KapKaackwe Bopora wunepAn RO opti no apemenn Beinn Ha 3aMKe Topoa-Kopyop Tlo santicay Kaeapa w Xocposa, 20- MnoweHHoMy B8 KamHe, AepOeHTcKaR spenocte aomia 6sina xmiovare B Ce6 We ronoko uTanent Hapuii-Kane (xeHnn Gonbule Wem TbICAUN eT B NepByIO ‘ovepens Hocina —oGoponuTensHyio ‘ynnyimio, a Kpacota ee mano 3a6oTuna Bonbwa TeppuTopun Kpenoctm no- asonana Kax/OMy HOBOMy xO3RMHY ‘cTpowTs ceori_qBopey, He paspyuian penbiayuyai. Tam ects nocrporKn an- GancKoro, nepcicKoro, apaGcxoro, MoH Fonsckoro # Gonee nasqHix nepHonos. Coxpannnacs axe ppestewan 9 Poconm xpwcraaickan ueprose, naTnpo- ‘sannan npwOnnsiensHo IV eexoM. Ona ‘no:camtn xynon spocna 8 semno n yxe aBHo nepeosopynosana 8 pesepsyap Ana cone. Bona nocrynana 8 Kpenoctb m3. wc TounKos Ha cxnoHe rope AanraH no CGHapyxentism npn packonkaX MHOro- ‘cneHibin KaMeHHM v KepaniniecKsn sonosonam. Boza Hanpasnianace © He- ‘KOMKO noqseMHer BOROxPaHANA Menonsaoganace He TONBKO AAA UTA, HO wana donate M4 aaxe ann xownnexca aHcrix Gan. Prom ¢ Hama pacnona- TaNCA cKaNEHHBIA MEWOK> — MecTHaR Tenn Bnpovem, MMeHHo 8 crcreMe sOn0- ‘o1aGxennA xpoinac» cra6oc> flep- GenrcKoi penocri. Co epemen Kaeana w no 1722 ropa (roraa ee e3An wTypwoM Tlerp |) wrranens yaasanoce saxsarr> uty eTeipe pa3a: 8 651 rony apaGaw, 8 1075 rony cenbxyram, 8 1578 rony ‘ocmaiam m8 1668 roy kazaKam Crenava Pasta. Mpn 310M Kaxet pas no6e- ‘Ayenn winn va xurpocts(unnonnocre?) Wnpocro sacunann aq wnn HeuncTOTe 8 MCTONHIKG, HB KOTOpENX 8 yHTaRen NO- crynana son. © omnolt uw ceBepHo’ roponcan creax, cosmasasunee KOPHAOP, 8 KO- ‘Topom crponca ropor, ceiac crasaTe nour HnNero Henb3A ~ onM Goins paa- PyuleHbt npaKTawecKH Ka sceM npoTR- .ReHM, KORA FOPOA poc. HeMaBecTHo, cxonso 68110 8 Hx Bopor M Baw, Ho Tonuyla m suicora coorBercrsosanM na- pamerpam wrranenu3HaMeHMTEIe KpenocTu Vs py spyku YectHo saxsarure flepGent cmornn ‘Ault MopKckHe OpAd! 8 626 rony. Flocne urypma OAcKHe CTeHDs, Ho 2axBaTUNKOB NoABeNA »wapHOCTE: OHM He CTanM UITYpMOBATE UM- Tapenb, a 3aHANHCE rpabeKamn yOu CcTBamn, # okazance Mexay AByX Orv = monoweqwee nonxpennenne yaapano vane, a rapauo Hapein-Kane usHyTpM. B 642 rony y cteH flep6enta no- panaice apabes. Cacannack yaepxneano creHbi 4 BciO AON YeNIx ResATe ner, noxa npegarenb He Mposen apa6os k McTouHMKaM, a Te He orpasAnn ony, Ho saboeearenn auinyaKqent Brinn ApMHATS NoveTHYIO KANMTyNAUWO rap: HugoHa M ewe Yeneix eocemsaecaT net ynpasnann flepSexrom cosmectHo ¢ ‘smmpom ropona. B 869 rony Xawwm nGH Cypak orne- nunca ot apa6cKoro rocypapcraa oc Hogan ceo He2apMcvMeili Mupar. CreHb! W GopTe! HeMaMeHKo noaZepxMBAnNce 8 nonHOM nopAAKe, To No3sBoNANO CO” xpanaiTs ceo6ony 200 ner. Hanpimep, & 901 rony HepGert orpasin Haruck croTe- ‘cAubioro xazapcKoro Bolicka, XOTR WACO 3allIMTHAKOB He npeBDiUANO CEM TEICHY. Ho wino epema, a amecte ¢ HAM Ha DepGert HaKaroiwannce ponte ace HOBbIXH HoBbIX 3as0e8arene OAHU MH Tepecosan CaM Fopon, APYTUK ~ ToMKO poxon eons Gepera Mopa. B 1075 rony locne BOCbMM ronOB 6088, wTYPMOB M ‘ocaa ropon saxeatunn cenbsoKyK. Ho x enacts npognunacs| = BcKope Hapein-Kane eHost crana onnotom BNCMMOTO KHRMECTEA, Equncreennbit pas AlepSent orkpbin eopora sasoeearenam 6e3 Gon - 310 6sino # 1395 ropy, Korga 200-TeIcAHoe Boiicko TamepnaHa nponycrann 8 ‘oniiny Tepeka.fopon oTowen ero HeaHa- UmTenbHoMy cO‘3HHKY MW npakTAueckn coxpaniun HezaeucuMocte, Cnenyrous 200 net flep6eHr Guin saxteim daK- Topom & KaBKa3cKiX mexAoyCoOnUAK, HO & KOHUe KOHYOB onaTS AocTanicn nep- ccHackins waxane, Bo spent typeuko-nepenncknx Boi 1578-1618 ronos (Mexay npownm, Onn Gbint He meHee HanpAKeHHIN, vem Pyccko-rypeuxme) epGer nec pas nepexoaln “3 yk 8 PYKM, HO UI Tapemb TyPKA CMOFNH B3ATS TONKO Of axa, Mpuen o6maHoM. Toponckne (CTeHei K Tomy apeMen yake npaKTHYecKA je CyWIeCTROBANH, TAK TO ero MOKHO Geno 3axearuTe 6e3 oco6oro conpo- ‘usnenna. Ho Hapsix-Kane npononkana ocrapareca KpenkMM —OpewKoM, re Fapnuson 8 nonHoh nsonaynn mor Aep~ >waTeca MeCALaMn, B 1668 roay flepGent Gun sant paarpa6nen Crenavom Pasinbim. 3ToT Hloxoa He Cran pasosoh aKyen - 5 asrycte 1722 roma pycckan apmun locne HenenbHol GomMBapaNposKn pwnyauna Kpenocte « KanMTynAuHn, Mlocne sroro flep6eHt ewe Heckondko paz nepexoamn ot Poccni x Mepcun ‘6patHo, Ho TonbKo 8 pesynbrare nepe- rosopos. Oxorwarenstio flep6ext ae Poccht 6 1813 rogy no Nonncrat ‘ckomy mupHomy aorosopy. © Bopne WIAPOBDah RC, ae bf aa rere ee eee ee Seperate Rilo Valea Stitt Cory ope) esos By B 1965 romy, 8 CaMoM Havasie BbeTHAMCKOMt BOMHEI, 28-a nexoTHas 7ususus CIA 6buia pasmenjena 61s RepesHK Ky Un non Caitronom (asmemmni Xommmnn). U cpasy xe B aMepMKaHCKOM Jlarepe HaYAJIM NPOMCKOAMTS CTpaHHBIe BEL. JecMoTpA Ha ycmneHHyio oxpaHy, mnowrn Kaxqoe yrpo HaxoAMAM Tena yGnrox consiat W obnYepOB. ToHaAOGH- ‘nOCe HecKanbKO MecaLes, 4TOGH! pasta Aare Tally: AeN0 Goino B TOM, To aMepw KaHUbi pacnonoxwnace Hag NomseMHtin ‘aprnzaHckMM roponoM. Topog, koroporo He 6m Ma KapTe Hawano 3ToR yHMKaMbHOR cacteme ToHHeneli Gsin0 nonoxeHo ewe B 1950-x ropax 60 epema BoviKe c dpa uysamin. OGuian anna npoperex TOH- Hene AO cHX NOP TOYHO We usBeCTHa Alavinte xone6niorca oF 150 0 300 Km. opsemnoih ropon cocTonn ws He- cxonbKux yposteli-stamel. Ha HiowHix ypoauax pacnonaranuce «Tsinowble caynbon. Panom c KYXHAMN MMeNAC> cnanbHM. Tam xe pasmeujanncs da6pnkn opycun, re nenannce camogenbieie rpavate. Tina panertax cywecteonann BoeHHbie rocnirann. B noasemHom ropone Geinn fame c8OM KMHOTeaTpE, The NOK ableanM PeBOMOYVOHHBIe gunoMel ‘nposoamniice BbicrynneHMn arnr6piran. SnexrpnvecrBo ANA sce 3T0H mihpa- cTpyxtype etipaGaTbreanoce C NOMOUISIO BenocnnegHaix reHeparopos. SloKw-ne- Pexonbi ¢ HIKHETO YPOBHA Ha BepxHHA Tak TwjaTeNBHO MacKMPOBANNce, TO 06: Hapyxints wx Geuno npakrinyeckn HesOs- Momo. Hepes 37H mlokit BbeTHaMU NPO- Gnpannce & BepxHve ToHHENN AMR aTaK Ha amepikanckne noaMui Kons, ymasxut, CKopmMonnt... Korma amepnxanusi obHapyxKAnM BbeT- wamcke «Hops» nog Ky Yn, To ecran ‘Bonpoc: Kak c aTHM GopoTecA? Bxonet 8 TOHHenA Gena HacroMbKo YEKHNN, UTO AaneKO He KaKAbi aMepH- KaNcKHit confar mor Bxnponeste.Torga amepinkanuysi ana 3TOi yen cosnann cne- umansHoe noppasqeneve, nonynsuine luyrnngce —HaasaHMe —«ToHHenbHbIe pbiceis, OHO COCTOANO.W3 UsyNBNK OTHA- AHH Comat, OcHaWleHHEK oHapAN, ucronerama 4 HoxKaMA. OfHaKO Bb 6parech wa-nlog ebeTHaMcKOli 2eMnM yanoce HeMHOTHM «Kpbicams. BEeTKOH- Fosusi npwrovoeunn amepmKaHcKnm FOCTAM TaKOM CMepTOHOCHBI «KBECTs, axoro apmian CWA Hikorna M He aHana, Ha nopxoge K nasam Geum cyenaret MbI-NOBYUKM, YTBIKAHHDIE KONDAMM, a 5 caMoM TOHHene anepuKanyes >gan uenbili GykeT clopnpHz08, Cambilt_ pac pocrpaventeil ms HK 370 GanansHan pactioaKa. CUTyalina OCHOXHANACD eule WTeM, uo ToHHeNk 68InK MpopbTet 3Hr- 3aroo6pasno. Mopsemnan tpona Kak 6b1 nernana, NOCTORHHO AeNaR KPYTEIE osoporsi. 370 He nosBonANO aMepu K@HUaM npoctpenHeate npocrpancreo nepen co60r, BoetHamubt akrnsHo vcnonbsosann sacagve Hmm. TyT Morn GorTs paste papwanres. Hanan OT caMbIx npocrex (yrny6nenua 8 creve, re speTHamet, ¢ aBTomaToM nomxusan Bpara, “TOOL Bs CctpenirTe emy & 60K) 40 Hi, cnpaTaHHEDX 32 TOHKOM CTeHOh wo rnnHts. B 2TOr OMHOM CTeHKe MMeroce CMOTPOBCE OF sepctue. B Hero aberKowrowey, angen ‘npoxonaujero aMepukaHcxoro congata M npoteixan ero epes danbunsyio nepe Foponky Konbem. Vicnonbsosannce 3aCanbt ¢ nemnamm: epaxeckui congat npocosbigan ronosy B y3Kwi na3, rae ero xan BeerHaMey c yAaBKO} Vicnoneaoeanocs Mm —_enpmponoe opyxnes. Amepnxaney aanesan pepeaxy, COTKpIBanacs ABepKa, 1 TOHHen’ 33 ‘onan pasbApenHeie cKopnnonst nM 8 ToHHene npveasbisann necKoit GaMGy- KoRylo raqioky («TOON He ynonana). Te- XoTHHeU 2aqeBan necKy Wn caMy amet, M noTpesoxennan ranioKa xara He xsaHHoro evauTepa, ‘060mx MoHapxoB cnyTana KapTol AHS rmywane —nposoarnacnnn —Koponem ‘@panuinn nesaTamecnsnoro FeHpixa VI. ‘OnnaKo CTOpoHMKn HesaBycmocTA carann ceowM MOHapxOM ynanne- 'weroca 8 ropon Bypx odana Kapna. BoenHoe cuactbe no-nipemwemy Gino va cropone GprTanues, KoHTponnpo- BaRUINK CIO CeBepHyo ONOBMHY CTpaH! mecte c Napwrem. Vx cropony npaan ‘camuiit Morya ns Geonanos repyor Byprysamn Oannnn LoGpesr. Pewaioujee Hactynnenne passep- ynoce netom 1428 ropa, u ero ycriex 3a- ‘aicen or santa Opneata, KoTOpEii YKe ‘canranca tp2qom o6peveHHeim. Tocnamonia He6ec Comacho odnunanbHon — sepcnn >Kanvia ponimnace # 1412 roy. Mecro ee onsnenna Ha cBeT ~ fepesyuiKa. 1o- mpemm Ha rparinye Ularenann i Slova- iurian — HaxonMoce Ha nepnbepnn Goes pelicrauit, XOTR HeCKONEKO pas KDECTSAHaM NPHXOAANOCe CKPLIBATECR B necax or pas6ortnusbinx HaneToD. Ponwtenn ee — Kak sApk m M3aGenna ‘Re ByTOH Ginn mopbian SaxnTO4HEiMN Onwako ABopAHcTEO ceMbA.nonyunna nosKe Gnaronapn sacnyram Aoveph ‘ABoMK yacTeoBaBUINK 8 BOFiHE CoIHOBe (Pisepa Kana), C13 ner oKanerra cntawana ronoca apxatirena Mvxanna, cenToix ExaTepiit AnexcanapniicKon m Maprapatot AHTA- oxwitcxoi, KoTOpsie npenBeutan ei, To ona crave cnacirensinuelt pany. Mo wactonnio ARAM 8 16 ner XKaHwa emnace K MeCTHOMy HaanbHAKy Ka ‘urany PoBepy Ae Bonpmnypy pac: ‘rasana 0 cooei muconn. Ee nporann, HO, orga 4epe roa Resyuika noBTopma NO- omy, OGoITIAA pa3BEPHYMACS NO-MHOMY. Bonpmrypa snevamnan ee pacckas © Gurse, KoTopaR, no cHowaM Kali, "Mponcxonuma 8 TOT me AEH MEXAY aH rmuvanann W paKiy2aMn v8 KOTOPOR fee coorevecrBeHHiKM rW6n... cpean Go¥eK ¢ cenenramin. CnycTA HecKONKO ‘Axel npmuina BecTs 0 Tom, To HegANIeKO ‘or Pysp2 panuysbi Kapna Byp6oHa wornarauss Dpeona Cnoapra Hamann Ha ‘cnegosasuini k Opneaty axrnnicknit 0603, Gonsuyio act KoTOporo co crasnann GouRn ¢ cenepKoi. Croapr noru6, Byp6on nonan 8 nex, Gurey ‘¢panuyssi npourpann. ‘0 Kane m ee sugenin mHoro ro- ‘opin, m o6ulee MHeHNe Geino TaKOBO: nowemy 641 He nate eit ce6R NpOABITS? Bonpixyp sbyennn ef ppoux cryr ‘uKos-peiyapeli, c KoTOpEsan ona M NpO- Renana nyt fo peannenunn poduna 8 Wimove. Kapn npwuan HeobuKnyio CcnyTimuy, nocapine BMecTO Ce6A Ha TPOH ‘cavoro v3 npuBnnxenten. Ho Kanna cpasy yshana podnia 8 Tone npw- ABoplbx. Ona npocina AosepuTb eit ‘apmitio, nocKonsxy nocnaHa BoroM, sToGbi ciare ocagy Opneaa i KopoHosar> Kapna s Peiiuce. Taxne copa morn 61 noKazareca 6pegom, Ho ee peu no apyrum niosonam, 3eyuann Bronte 3qpas0. Ova xopoUo ‘eanwna Bepxom, Bnayjena OpyveM, TO Gei10 HeOBEIAHO ANA KPECTEAHCKOI Ae syuKn. Onemisie Gorocnossi, nonsepriys ee onpocy, BuiHecnH BepAMKT, WTO, BNONHE BeponTio, (KarHolt pykosonsT abicuMe ‘cunei. Bor nnn pbason? Dee Koponesst — Mapua Avmyiicran w Vonanna Apa- oHckaA - ocMoTpen ee w nonTBepAUNA ‘ee AeBcTBeHHOCTe, COXPAHIMTS KOTOPYIO npn oTHOWeHHAX ¢ HeuNcTEIM Boo 6b Opyxuem Kanner cran meu, Hai ‘RenHUi no ee ykazaHMo 8 YepKEH Cert Karpnn-ne-Deep6ya m, no nerenpe, npn aqnexaswmit camoy Kapny Bennkomy. Tlocne store poguy Toxe pewnn — ago ee ucnisTare. @opmans4o —KOMaHgoBaHMe 0 ‘chatiHot K Opneary apmien spyxanocs npanuy Kany AnaHcoHcKOMy, 8 TO BpeMA aK Katie oTsoqunace pont «ieGecHoro aHaMeHW, NpH3eaHHOTO BAOXHOBNATE somos Ha nonsuru, (Crews ocant Opnesns Tlocnenosaswne 3arem noGens! owe- OMMAM MpMBLKWee K Heyaavam par Ly3cKoe BOticKO, XOTA B PeanbHOCTH OHO ‘6bi0 He TaKHM cnaGbiM, Kaku Kazanocb, Bapman nodnta coumansisie nepero- POBKH oKasanvich cBeqeH! K MHHUMYMY. Bowne nenwnncs Ha CTpenko®, chy- >xMBUUMX 3a WHeCT® MBpOB B MeCAL, Mar Hukoe, nop Kakonbumu nogpazyenance Bce TAKeNOBOOpYxeHHbIe BCARHMKM, HE {3aBucMMO OT NPOMCXONMEHIMA, COKNAIOM 12 nmspos. FlononnuTentsHie cymmel Ha ‘conepikanwe cBo¥x por nonyuann TonbKO wx KoMaHaINpB! ~ KanMTaHDL Otmensisie pore: apGanerankos ounce ¢ OBbiNHOR nexoTO!, To cno- co6crsosano Gonbwelt oneparnsHoh FMGKocTA Ha none cpaxernA, OGdIsHO SpuratcKne nysnnKu mux ebi6uBANN v2 CTPOR 3aKoBaHHDIX 8 GpoHIO priyapelt, Ho 8 caTyayim, xorga CTpyxTypa pan LUy3ckoit apwin cMecrunace 8 cropoHy yeunesisi nexovsy, ux npenmywecrao ano He cron sameTHoim, Tem 6onee To mpi paso macrepcrae crpenkoa apGaner Gwin opynem Gonee MOUIHEIN A ‘ansHoGomHein 1 Gopr Opneana 1 Gopres axennuar BOEHHARCTOPHA 11BeNMKMe NOMKOBOANEI eves Kavous non Kounewone wae 130 rona Pagom c KakHoM oKazannce crpon- TuBbIe, HO cnOcoGHEIe KanMTaHe - ra: ckoneY 3TbeH Ae Buon, NpOsBaHHbIA 3a chon xapakrep Sla Tupom (rHes), WMlonrox ge Certpaiins. Ocobyio pont wrpan sHeOpasibii CoM repyora So- ‘oanKa Opnearicxoro Max Diorya, onep- BUI 8 1427 rony camyro KpynHyto 32 locnegHne nareaecaT net nobeay 4aq aurnmwatami npH MonTap. Vaywee « Opneaty BolicKo 6onee vem Hanonosiity cocTonno va woTnaHaues, Me ayes, HeMues W MTanbAK\eS, Ho, AaKe Gynyan HaeMMuKaM, 3TH AOR MesTan, TO6s1 geno, 3a KoTOpoe OHM cpaxanncb, oceaujanoce seicweit wzeett. Bonnowenne sroi wien onn angen 8 Karive, xoTopyIo Ccranu aabieare npocto fleson Paaymeerca, cHavana oTHocMTeNsHo fee ReBcTReHHOCTH MHHOrO OCTpHINH, HO orga ony ns KanwTaHos saneMn, uTO ne: pecran c Hei, ra ipegpekna ey cKopyio TuGenb. Vi peiicreuTensio, scKope ero awn yronysua. Bonsue Tax He wytany, Mpncras- rennet « [ese & Kavecrse opyxeHocua Kal Ono snocnenctein Ha npoyecce no ee peaGnntraynn aan cneayiouyne no- Kaaanins: cHecmoTpa Ha TO, WTO oa Goina ReByUKoA KpacuBolt ¥ xopoWO cno- >eHHOii, W NTO He pas, noMoran eit BOOpy- >xaTOCA, MMM 6 APYTMK CHyHARK OM SEN Horus, o6pa6arbisaa ee pani, muro He pas ova oKaabieanace GnM3Ko, NpMTOM, “TO oH Gein Monoptins, CANDHEIM MB NOMHOM pete ner, Tem He MeHee, HuKorga, Hi ‘pw onHom ssrnanie win npKocHoBeHAn KosHaveNHoii flese ee Teno He BeisbiEano y Hero HiKaKoro nnoTcKoro BneveHUR. Bursa 3a Opnean Uncnennocrs opneancKoro rapHusoHa gyujero k HeMy Ha NlOMOU\b BOHIcKa CO- ‘cTasnana npumepHo m0 3 TeIcAYM SOnHOB, aHInMuar Ovin0 4-5 Ticay. Ho McxoR Cro: neTHei BoMHE! pewna VMeHHO 3Ta He Gontwian no macwra6am Guea, Pasbirppisanace Ona Ha waneHeKOM nA- TauKe BOKpYF 3aHATOM GpuTaHuaMn Kpe- noctu Typenu, pacnonoxeHHOMi HaloxKHOM Gepery Jlyapuy, HanpoTue Opneana. Kava ¢ niepemoBsim oTpAROM, npiGoina 8 ropog 29 anpena 1429 rona. Ha cnegyiouwit feHb, BeilinA K paspy- weHHOMy MocTy Hepes peKy, ona cTana y6exnare Haxognsweroca B Typen capa Yanvama Thacneina crate ocapy. OT- BeToM et Gein noTOK 6panin. 4 maa 80 mage 1,5 TbicAWM YenoBeK esa araxosana m 3axsaTuna npnKpsi- Baswinit Typenb 6acrnon CeH-Ny. 6 wan nan gopt Cerroro Asryctana, re Goin ‘ocBo6oxneHbI MHOrO nneHHbxX ¢paH- uysos. Thacgeiin nocepesten, HO Ha noBropHoe npeqnoerne y6paroca npi- ‘rposwin ‘Katie cmepTbIo Ha KOCTpe. 7 an HawancA wTypm GapOaKaHa (ve- TeipexyronbHoroykpenneHnn, —o6Ke- ‘ceHHoro cTeHOIt M pBOM ¢ BanoM) Nepen Typensio. O6e croponts! Hecnn Gonbwne norepn. Karla Goina panera apéa: neritim GonTom 8 nie4o, Ho, npMaR 8 ce6n, oTMeHHna npinkas fyouya 06 oTcTy- nen, NoMonunace, a 3aTeM, K yKACY engeswnx ee paeHne axrnnual, 803 raswna Hosywaraky. Bonpysne sHama Ha 3eM/AHOM Bany, oHa OGparMnact K CBOMM BonHiam: «3pect ace sawe! Bxoprel» VW onm sown, TowHee Bopsanice cnaana 8 6ap6aKaH, a 3aTeM 1 B CaMy Typens, Koropyio ¢ Tbina, nepe6pocws: Opesta Yepes paspywienHtilt MOCT, aTa~ kosann opneanybi. Cap Tracnelin npn orcrynneHin yroHyn, yTAHYTBIM Ha AHO ‘Tamenbimm Aocnexamn, Mobena Guna nlonian, M Ha Cnenyiouwi eH aH- J = 2€ FpyBN, a NOpOw coBceM OGHAKeHHEIe — rmuaHe CHANH OCAnY. Ml2ron_ 4280x429 ron 1429 ron 1429 ron 1429 ron 1429 ron Poruace epost ‘geopans 4uapra Anpens. £7 was ene cep nopaKevat 12-18 mo erpecsmicot | Hemmant O1actona Kamacasyus | Ceofcxon ‘urnavecaumanrocay Opneava. | Osnanes Tp cexnesnepeaie | srarevanarany | sanacrcn aynowamn | cosepuaernapu ne 2aura, Donper. Baap rraniraiy gwnsaer Ope Home Soapnyry peaunenun psbnsaet wnpenceieaer | pobma Kapa won oon Blivove paar. ara cenenow. BOEHHAR HCTOPHAConcreme Kavtnavacrpee Pave 30man 1431 ropa ms Bonbuinhcrso KanwTaHos cuMTani, 4ro cpenaio o4eHb MHOTO W npoRoMKeHNe GoeBx AelicTENIA MOKHO OTHOKMTE AO ‘chenyowero ropa. Ho cnopute c flesoi, KoTopyio Tenep» npoaeann OpneaHckoit, 610 TPYAKO, 2 ova HacTansana Ha osueHnn oF epara Bcero 6acceftva Mlyapbim aansTan Pelinica, Kopona ana noduna C12 no 16 mows om 3a apyru nann Kapxo, Met-ciop-Tyap Boxavcn 18 moter cocronnacs pewaiouan 6uTea apa Mara S-THicmNHOe AHIMMACKO® BOFCKO 06- nagano nosTu TpexxparHbim iepesecom MW MonbTanoce HanacTs Ha >paHuysoe, 2acTas Wx epacrnox, HO Te BoopeMsA 06- apynvinn onachocr Gnaropapa chy HyTomy aparom oneHo. ‘arpy6Wnn Goeasie pora, m axrnmwane avann eticrpanearscn TpanMuonntin paso — snepenn nysminny, 3arem ‘sarap Tans6ora, saTem OcHOBHNe ‘onnsi Gacronspa. Ho Azewnypa N°2 He onysnnoce. Bone — TpaAMUyoHHO ‘cenae crasny Ha aTaKy peIUapcKoi Ka- 1429 ron, ‘mans. Koponaus apna ils Pele 1429 ron, Ccomsipe. Heya oxo vag. eanepan, Kania He jana npoTusHnky BPemenn ‘nn passeproisanna, SlyuHvKn W aBaHrapn Gbin GykBarbHO cMeTeHE PHUAPCKOM NaBMHOM. Tanv6or nonan 6 nnen, a sospema Yyapaewnit co cBouM OTPAKOM noGe- ‘Aureny «Buresi cenegox> @acroned ytpatan ca0I0 rposHyio penyrauynio bin ebiwenen UWexcnupom 6 o6pase @anocragba — nates, xBaCTyHa W TPyCa. Boe ocranbiie ropona Geum esarei {6e3 Gon. 17 miona nosuna KOpoHOBanM 8 Peimcckom co6ope Tio werem Kapna VIL. Kania Ha sTo Yepemonnn cronna Pagjomc HnM, Ho cvacrnean nonoca 8 vaHH Katte! 3aKoHsWtace. 3HaTH xoTenoc® RopessuTeca Ha KOPOHAlIMOHHEX TOP- >xecTeax, M MoxoR Ha MapWex oTROMNAM fo cexTa6pm, Korna axrnmuate n 6yp- FYMAUDI yoRe Ycnenn NOAFOTOBHTe FopOA KoBopoHe. ¥cTeH $paHuyackol crOnUbt esa cHova Gbina paHena apGanerHeim Gonrom, Boz0GHoeMpuimecn BecHoA 1430 roma Goesbie AeiicTaMA npoxoAWNM BANC. @panuyackne qurnomaret «pnaprosani Gyprynacknmm, a Gpasbie KanuTanei cnpimbigann peBHocTs K MesYOHKe, 13- ‘sasuleli wm MacTep-KNIaccbi NO BOEHHOMY wekycerey. Mmasloe - cam Kopont TA ToTMnca caoeit CnacnTenbHMUel, CuHTaR, \uTo B Ka¥ecTBe 3aKOHHOFO MOHApa McaM ‘cmoxer noBecru Boliy Ao noBenHorO ‘bunana, C HeGonummm canamn Kara or pasunace Ha nomouj> ocaseHHoMy 6yprynauamn Kownbexy. 23 Maa ona posrnapina seinasKy. BypryHAub! ronsi- ‘Tanuce orpesare Dlesy ot ropona. enon Orpomex cunt oa cMorna —npo- sarees, HO MOCT Goin noAMAT, a BOpOTA aaKporrel. Bpameckui nysnnx nepayn 33 cenno, w Kana ynana cnowasy. Kapn Vilasixyrurrs Kannyy Byprynayes He cnewinn, # nepsbinn 370 cpenann aH- muvane. Pacnpasnreca cnnennnted on peulunn, Nepenia® ee # pyKM YepKOBHOTO ‘cyma Kak peppy n epeTitaky. Tipnrosop sacegaswero 8 Pyane Tpr- 6ynana non npencenatenscrsom env ‘crona Msepa Kowona Goin npencKasyen, XOTR AOCTOHMBIMNOBeReNMEM M OTEETAMM Karta npwenexana cmanarim axe ‘CBoMK NPOTMBHMKOS. «ChaBHaR meHuyHal 1430 rox, Ban Honanonaer eB ope umaotno Konner, KEM OHA BbIJIA? Cyujecrayer weckonbKo anbrep- HaTuBHEX Bepcnit Gnorpagun 2Kannt a'APK, aBTopet KoTOpEIX Aenarca wa Gactapancros M clop- puctos. Tlepsoie nacransat Ha rom, sro [lesa Geina npnnyeccoi Kopo- ‘nesckoit KpoBM, BrOpIe CuMTaICT, ro ee He comrnn # Pyane. Cymnanpys reament 6acrapaucros, momo npeanonomr, 70 "Kanna Gena BHe6paunoit AOwePHIO nNGO cynpyru Kapna VI MsaGennst Ba- SapcKoit uM nugepa apmaneaxos TronosnKa —OpneancKoro, Go ‘amor Kapna VI w ero abopuran ‘Ogerrot ne Wamanoep. Fipanyecca pocna sani or ABopa, Ho nonysna Xopowee socrwranve, 8 KpHTu- wecknit MomenT Gouna soinsnnyra vax nocnantan weGom Zlesa-Cnace- Tenpamua. To meno ciopsncros, smecro Kavi 8 Pyane Goa KaaHena pyran menuwna, aKayannan napKorsmann. Cheam suijasasumx co6n 32 cnacuryiocn Hlesy camossaHox nav Gonpwylo m3BecTHOCTS nonyynna B xawecrge nognmunon [esp ¢e npwsvann m asa ponsbix para Kanno, mM morrenn Opneana, yuacrsosasuime@ coOsiranc 1429 roga.B ee 4ecr» nposoqunucy PocKouinbie TopKECTea, HO 3aTeM (o#a AKOGE! NpusHanace B O6maHe Tmo ncweana co crpaHil xpOHMK. Tlovemy oa we aHrniwanKal> - 80c- KsKyn onMH vB ypoxertes Anb6H0H. ‘A xorg 30 man 1431 ropa Ha nnowjann Craporo puitixa 8 Pyane /lesa npmnana MyweHMMeckyio cMepTb Ha KOCTPE, OAH v3 Opimranyes BocknKHyn: «Mbt coenA comtyiol» © Duorpnit MHTIOPHH 1431 rog, an Ka Pane BOEHHAA MCTOPHAMarpagbr ‘autem ¢ Toro, TO AopesonioUy JOHN OPAEH HOCHA MMA He NpO- cto Anexcaxppa HescKoro, a «cBAToro GnaropepHoro Kiran». ConeTcxaA enact vmzeli He wanogana, a c MpasocnasHoh \yepKosbio akTuBHo Goponace sriioTe 40 22 wioxa 1941 ropa, Koraa nocpenN Apy- rx 3a6or Cran Hauen epema niogMax- yt» yxas 0 pocnycKe Cow3a BoMMCTEY- roux 6e260xNKoB, 3aTem 7 HORA 1941 roga, oGpaujance x ompasnaio- ywmicr Ha @poHT BovicKaM, BoxKAS Nepe- vancin wMeHa NonkoBoqUes, KoTOpbIe ‘om! BpoXHOBNATS KpacHoapmefiyes. Ha Hoable noneurn. M nepebim nposeyua- ‘no mma Anexcanapa Hescxoro. Benomaam, orga CTayio TpyqHO Boo6we-ro pea6wnurauyn Kena obo3Haunnace ye PaMble, KOrAa B 1938 roy Wa >xpaHbi stiulen OMHo- vwentiait dunom Cepren Sitenurenia Tlocne naxra Monovosa-Pu66enTpona navy chain ¢ NpoRaTa, 3270 € HavanoM BOEHHAR HCTOPHA Benno Orevecrsennoi sofinst xpyTat ee cranu cyTpoeHHof cHnoft. 29 mona 1942 ropa, Korna aumcrot psanucs x Bonre, GykeanbHo Ha cne- ‘Ay‘ounit pene nocne cyposoro npmKasa NP227 (cHn wary Wazan!») Goin onyGnn- oan ykaz Bepxoanoro Coneta CCCP 06 yupexpennn Tpex oppeHos, nasBaHHenx 8 YecTh BennKHX nonKoBoques: AneK- ‘caxunpa Heacxoro, Kyry30ea u Cyeopoea. ‘waain cosercroro opgeia Anex- canapa Heocroro He wMen HuYero ‘o6ujero co csomm npeauiecTBeHHAKON. OxaiiwnenHtt naBpoBiM BeHKOM uurr ¢ noptpeToM KHIR HaKnaALIBANCA Ha copercxyio Kpactyio 38e2ny, a Ta, B e010 OvEpeNd, — Ha AECATUKOHEYHYIO nnpaeunbuyio gurypy. M206paxenne non: osonua O6paMnann He TonbKO BnonHe ncTopHuecKe Mey, AyK, Konbe, KoNHaH co crpenamn, Gepabiun, HOM pH ‘wenwne 3 Apyron snoxM KoMMyHUCTHE ‘ueckne cepn c MonoroM. CypoBbit o6nnK HauywoHanbHoro repo Kon#posan oGnnk coirpaswero & opHoMMeHHOM dunbme waiman Anexcanapa Apocnasia axrepa Hixonan Yepracosa. Becin oppen or 39 fo 42,5 rpamma, wsroTasmieancn Ha 95% wa cepe6pa. Hocunca opmeH Ha KonoaKe, Ha oveHy Koropoit e 1943 rony npnwen umdrcraixon, Teneps, Tax cxasare, 0 sHyTpeHHelt cym warpage Opnen AnexcaHnpa HescKoro Guin Ccameim anaquinm no craryry w ocranca 8 3TOM nonoxeHMM axe nocne yupen- ‘AeHwa (8 1943 rony) ewe onHoro nono. Bogveckoro opgena ~ nmeHn BornaHa XMensiMuKOro W AByx @nOTOBORYECKHX. = Yurakosa w Haxnmosa (8 1944 rogy). EctecrseHlo, HMKaKMX ynoMMHaHni O HATMCK BPAKECKOrO NoNKa, NOA- ‘epAHHOrO TaHKaMN. PasgenMs ceon ‘canst Ha Tpw actu, Py6aH wcnonezoBan ‘OnHy #3 rpynn KaK NpHMaHKy 4, HaBeRA porwsinxa Ha sacany, araKoBan ero C nanos. Norepu ¢aumctos cocrasnnn 7 Taxxos w Gonee 200 yOrrbix u paHeHtx. ‘Tpexxparuste Kasamepst Tipn wanwuwn opnom cTenekM opneH or BpyaTecn HeonHOKPaTHO, PexOpA- Cvevioian nO KonMeCTBY. HarpanaeHni (spr) craw nowannanp 536-10 ncrpe6r- TenbHo-npormacranKozoro aprumepi- crore noma nopnonKostiNK MoH Tr ropseon Bopaceno, KOMAHAN 146-r0 reappeticroro crpesmo8oro nonka maitop Humonait Avapeeams KynpiHeHio 1 KO- anaup 818-70 apTumnepwicroro noma onnonkoennk Himonali Nleormeenmns Hescani. locnenHemy v2 yRazaHnb0 K2- fsanepos GeccnopHo «Bopoxutna> ero d2- ‘murs, yaasio cosnapaswan cnposenujem rowan, Onvionomiane Haabisann Hiwonan eormeeswa everupenati Hescorin Ha poxT on onan 8 ceMTAGpe 1941 roga 6ynysm neitrenarrom. Nepsbii ‘opnes nonysnn 32 60M npoTwe OKpY- .xeKHOlH rpynmaposkn Maymioca ion Cranmurpanom, sropoh - ® 1944 rony HionaiNeormseam Hescx SeunTpineaswarparcnen onaevou ‘AnekcannpaHeacvoro, 32 ¥Tononjwwn ‘poseniye sverspenan Hescesn 32 AccKo-Kauinesckyio _onepaunio, ‘permit ~ 8 1945 ropy 3a ssaTue Byna- newra. Brpenctasnennn Ha stopor opaenro- ‘opinnoce, «ro aprunnepwiicKomy nonky Heacxoro 80 B3anmonelicrsnn co crpen- opbiM nonkom cnejoBano pacunenurs ‘pameckyio rpynnupoaky Ha jee wacTA. «8 Haxiane onepayn 3TaM AByM nionkam yaanoce BbNOMHTS 2ana4y AKA, HO ‘nm nonan 8 oKpyxenne. Komanapet ONKOBM Becb ANNI COCTABNPORBHAN ‘yxecrao u repowam. OHM He ToMbKO Op- Fanwaozann Kpyropyto O6poHy ceoMx Nogpasaenenm, Ho M pasrpomunn ase GonbuMe KOROHHE! OTXORAUIHX. BOMCK ApoTWaHnka, YHWNTOXUB pM >TOM Gonbwioe Kon#uectBo Goesolt TexHMKiA, Tpancnopra w xMsoh cunei, nneHns OH CHOBA BEPHYJICA! Tlocne pacnana CCCP open Anex- ‘canapa Hescxoro coxpannnca s cr- ‘creme rocynapcreennbix Harpan, ‘ome nmen craryra. YxazomMpesi- ‘AetTa PO or 7 cenraGpa 2010 rona ‘opnen Goin yraepmnen KaK o6ule- rpamjanccan warpana, a ero co- Bpemennbiit ansaiin mpartawecnn nonsocrs¥o Bocnponsconmr nope- Somoynonnesi. Gonee narm toca HeMeuic connar m co muepoe> Kak BuRCHAROCe, HMeHHO. Ha 2ToM yacrne nemo roroennn KoWTpyaap. Onazawucs 8 oKpyKeHIN, HaxOAE- Lien wa oman ryere Hesent BbISBAN OTOH HpoHTOBO! apTMnnepHn va ce6a. YynoM yuenen , oprarso8a 6oponscryran nporuatinny ace apres ocnynsouincs AO. noanonKostnna, Hionah Neomtbesi Gun 8 1959 rony ysonen 3 apa Yep 8 Pare 38 rR A paseana Conercxoro Cosa « MrananrHBie bpaxiy3set Chen Kasanepos opnevia AnexcaHnpa Heecroro 6bu1H M1 KeHUAMb! ~ BOCeM> He- ‘noBex, npavemsce neranybins GoMBapay- PosowHOM apvaywn. OauMcTe! Hasbiear Wx couNbiMM BenbmaMie. CBon Harpanbt ‘OHM NONYYANi, KOMAHAYA SCKAAIPHNDAMM W nonkamn, yHNUTONABLMMA BpamKecKne OGopoHiTenbible V BOeHHbIE OBbeKTES, ‘Tani, nexory, aprunnepwio. Mis ari oT BaMKHEIX KeHUYMAH C BOMHDL HE BEPHyNAcD Tombko ofa — Kania Onbra AneKcar- Aposra Canduposa (1917-1944 rr). Bot Iptirtys ¢ napawiorom 43 nog6uToro ‘camonera, oa norv6na yike Ha 3eMne, NO- opaaBuInce Ha NpoTMBONeXOTHOM MAKE. OpeHom Goinn HarpaxgeHbl M wecTD unoctparues. OgMH w3 Hix — reHepan ‘Mapa Xayrrr (1899-1981 rr.) KoMaH- ‘oBaN COPMHPOBAHHOM V3 PyMbIHCKHX BoeHHONNeHHBIX —AMBMaMe _ MMeHH Tynopa Brapwmnpecky, KoTopaa He- NMOXO cpamanace c awncramm npn ‘ocpoGoxneHnn PymbiKWK W BeHrpun, Narepo apyrux ~ Sly flensouno, Meep Marpac, Mbep Myiina, Kosed Pucco, Poxe Copa ~ cry:KiMnit 8 CparkaBlencn Ha BocrouHom dpokre nereHfapHom apnaymonHom nonky «Hopwanaun — Hemat. 3Hama sToro coeaMHeHMA TaKKe ykpauian opfe AnexcaHnpa Hescxoro, TO BNONHE OBbACHHMO: }paHUyscKHe neTanKn onepxann 273 Bo3qywHeie noGeabi, novepAs 42 YenoseKa. KakoMy MMeHHO KOMMMECTBY BOMHCKMX acre épyanacy TakaA KonneKTMBHaR arpapa, TOUHO He W3BECTHO ~ Hao NO- ara, WTO c¥eT ner Ha gecATKM. TpH 3TOM OpmeHOM Harpaxnanucs snnots Ro paszana CCCP, Ho Tonbko 3a yuacae 8 Goesbix peiicrenax BennKori Oreve- creeHHoA. O6uee Ke KonMueCTBO Ha- rpaxaenna coctasuno 42 165. Liabpa Ta NONTH BABOE NpesbiWiaeT KONHYECTBO kasanepos Apyrix nonkoBOpYecKMK op- feHos — Cysoposa, Kyry308a, Bornaka Xmenbnyxoro. Ho mM KonmwecTBO no- ‘TMOwnx KaBanepoe Tome B past! Gonbuwe. Ben neitrenatTel xOnAT B aTaKy walle, em reHepanti. © Anexcainp COKO/IOB BOEHHARHCTOPHA 15Tee. ee $a at ats ey aii osteo) Sie hen as RL meni ‘SdbexrHocts He Bcerma paBua sex TuBHOCTU. Vimenno no stort mpyamie nommrxaioue IiaMeHeM OTHEMeTEI onroe spems He emai NOrOpEI B BOCHHOM MiCKYCCTBE. Curyanus wsMeHMIace Cc TosBreHMeM B 1980-x rogax COBeTCKOTO ornemera «llmems», oTKpbIBIIETO Mepey STHM BAOM opyxnst HOBBIC NepCneKTMBLI. JonOCROBHyIo OrHeMETOS BLIBOAAT OT YycTaHoBOK no MeTaHMIO erpeHecKOrO ‘rlif», cnOMOUIbIO KOTOpOTO BUZAHTIAALbI He paa onepaxneann niobegbt Hag npoTHe- nukom. Ho 8 XVI sexe peyent ropiovelt ‘ceca oxazanica yTepan ‘Ayckoe mama B 1901 roay repmancKi vroKeHep Pwxapa @nanep cozan nepesit nepe- HOCH paHueBDili orHemeT, —Ae6I0- Tuposasuni 50 BpemA nepsoit Gan- KaHcKOH BomiHes. MKyTRMe NOCTOMHCTBA wasepratouyrx nmama Tpy6 nponBinniice 8 Mepsyio muposyio, Kora ® ycnoBiAx OSMMONHOTO TynMKa C YX TOMOUIBIO BooKUTANMCe BpaxecKHe OKON! H yna- KopanHibie B GeToH RonroBpeMeHHBIe Or- Hepbie ToXKn, Xora 80 Bropyio muposyio Goestie pelicrenn passopaumsanncs Gonee AV Hamnuno, OrHemerss OKasancb BecbMa BocTpe6osaHbt NPM BeneHHH ynmntsx 6oes - 8 Cranusrpane, Bapuiase, Kewurc- 6epre, Bpecnay. Bnryaynn, Korga spar sanumann n0- MUM He ToMbKO B CoceAHHX AOMAX, HO 324ACTYIO Ha CMeRHDIX 3TAKAX ONHOFO W Toro xe 3faHiR, Mastin HeqOCTATOK TaKoro opyxwAa — Manan AanbHocTe ‘ctpens6et (oT 50 0 200 metpos) ~ He Men oco6oro 3HaueHMa, K ToMy xe Wx adG_xTusHocTs —noseicanace: ec anu cTpya nnameHn ebiGpacisanact ‘OKaTbIM BO3zIyXOM, TO B yracHbix OrHe- MeTax HyxHOe AaBneHMe JocTHTanoce ocnnameenuem nopoxoporo 2apApa. Bpennwe oGeATex nnameHen Goviyos Bcenano 8 CepAla MX TOBapMUer He ‘Tomko crpax, HO M ApocTs. B nine Bpa- 2KeCKIX OrHeMeTHMKOS OGINHO He 6pann. C apyroit cropos, camn ornemeTunnn nerKo Morn OGpatuTecA 8 aKen, na euje yrnuToxaiouin Bce xMBOe 8 pa- ‘Amyce 10-15 merpos: na sToro xeatano yronnewelt & Gannor wanbHo nyni wn flo xapaxtepy BoeHHEX KOH nHKTOS ‘TOPO NonosHNb! XX BeKa MOO Goano foragarecr, To BosMaxHOCTH orHe- MeTOs AaneKo He ucuepnants. KnaccH: eckHe BML 3TOTO OpY'KMA ycneWHO TpMMeHANHC’ aMepMKaHCKMM —_MOp- exam 80 BoeTHame, npMveM He TomKO 8 ynuuneix Gonx (8 1968 roay s ropone 103), HO W & APKYHEAX. Ho mpue scero 8 mxyHrnax Gnactann TepmoGapuuectwe Goenpunacss, npo- wasogauyne T. H. OGbemHbIe B3pbiaH1. Vx yetpolictso npeqnonaraet pacroinerne 8 Bosayxe ropiovelh cmecn 6 dopme a3- osona, ntocne vero o6pazosasuieecn Fas0Boe OGnaKo NOAMMraeTCA B3PLIEOM, ‘BUISBIBZIOUNHM MOWIHY!o YAAPHYWo BOK. Coserckne opymeiunkn pewannn mc lonssosaT> —2Heprmio —peakrusHoro s3puiea, 8 Pesynbrate Yero Ha CBeT NO- BHNCA OrHeMeT «PLicbs, COaRaHHbMl B Tynscxom KB npwGopocrpoeHin ¢ Mc onssosaHvem yaoB WM MexaHKaMOB PysHoro peaKTABHoro rpakaroMera PRIr-t6. HoswnKy onpoGosanm 8 Arann Tale, HO ecnm 8 ycnoswx nonuroHa ova snonie ycnewHo yHRTOKANA WH -xeHepible yxpennenna m 6pOHeTEXHHKY, To BbOKEND C ee NOMOUIHIO 3aCeBULMK & ewepax W rniMHOBUTHEX BOMaX Mon »xaxeROB nonyvanioce faneKo He BcerAa. Mexay Tem TornawnHan coBeTcKAR 80° ennaR AOKTpMHa npenycwarpweana, TO pw semen Goesex peiicreni npwgetca Gayujares ropona ZananHol Esponsi, rae oma cTpownce He 43 ‘nian, a v3 Gonee npounx marepnancs. ‘Tynecxum opymenunkan npennoxunn euje HemHoro nopaGoTat» Hay «Poicbi0>, We 1988 rony Ha Boopymenne nocrynun cosqakibii KOHCTPyKTopcKOH rpynnolt ‘Apxaqna Ulanynoea Hosbih ornemer «lliment», cnocoGisiit pacnpasmreca He Tonbko ¢ BpaMeCkKOM OrHeBOH TOUKOH, HO WC nero6poHMpoBaHHolt asTomo~ GanbHO TexHMKon. KoHeYHo, ANA Ad- raHNCTaHa 370 BHO He CAMUIKOM aKTY- ‘ansio, a BOT Anta Eeponts — naxxe oven. Crpammtoe opyxare mA TOpoACKoro Gon Tipn Kanv6pe 93 mannnmerpa no tenes dyracHoro geficrana «lllmens> ne yctynaet 122-152-mannnmerposbin aprunnepiicxum —cHapRaaM; Mpa yenHtaA pansHocTs - 600 meTpo®, Aanb- Hocrs nonera kancynti 1 KMNOMETp, @ nowaab, & KOTOPOR yRusTOmAeTCA BCE ewpoe ~ 50 KBafpaTHbnx MeTpOB Ha OT- Kpbrrom mectocta M80 KBagparHix ‘merpos 8 3aKptITom npocrpancree. Vimena stavenme m KoMnaKTHOCTS ~ npA ‘Anne 92 caxramerpa elliMenb» oKasanca kopoue ePuicy» Ha nionmerpa, Ormemer cocronr ma KoHTeMMepa, Ye ‘Tipexxunorpammozoro — Goenpunaca, Apinrarena W yaHru (npucnocoBneHMe ANA Saxnna 6 sige Npy-KMHAWIeA paspesHOM ssrynkw), baxtayeckn npegcTasnan co6oh ‘ogHOpasossin cHapan-paKeTy, HaMM- HeHHDIM OrHeHHOM cMeCbIO. Konreiinep (8 opme py6ti c yaapHo- Cnyckosbim MexaHV3MOM W NPAUENBHDIM pwcnoco6neHwem) — npenHasHauaerca ‘Ana npowseoncrea Bbicrpena M Hanpae- eHNA TaMeHM 8 Yens, 2 cKpenneneil CHM yanron aBHraren ~ ANA NpHAaHMA Goenpanacy cxopocta. Ho mapiin «xKoHbKoM crano wcrion- 3osarie Tepmoapnueckoro >pbexra, To W oGecneunsano Opyxiio MoWIKYIO nopaxaloulyio cuny. B Agranwcrane «llimens» Gnucran ‘cero okono ropa, ycnes, snpoveM, lonywars oT MoANKaXeAOs NposBMute «waran-tpy6a» ~ Becoma xapaktepHoe w novetHoe. Bor csygerenbcrBo opHoro Boyes va Hawnx Gofiyos: «Koney aneapa 1989 ropa, Cananr, mecTHocTe non, Ha- seannem Kokam. Ha onHoit cropoHe PeuKH now OAHOMMeHHEIM HasBaHneM Koxnamn, snagaiowei 8 pexy Canar, awa 3acrasa, Ha Apyroh cTopoHe PeuKn — Gbieulan Kazapma adraHcKoit pore! crpoiiéara, opNosTamHoe sqane ‘AnmHom nopagKa 50-70 MeTpos c nATbIO- lwecToio Kiam, 2aHATOe, Kak anocneA- ‘cTBnu soincHInoce, nonyTOpa AecATKOM "ayxos", fanbHocTs go HMX NpHMepHO 150 merpos. Nocne Havana onepaynn "Taiidyn" Wa OKOH 2ToH Kazapmes "ayxn" ‘OTKpbinn nnoTHbil cTpenkosbi oroHb, He asa HaWHM sbiASMHyTECA nO mecram, © HaMM B3ayMopelicrBoBann. orga peGara c 345 NAN, y Hux m Goin. napa “Umene’, wem w socnons30- sanmce. TlanbHynn no OKHaM, KpBlUa ax npunoguanacs 4 cena. Orok pasom pekparunca, Mocmotpenu noToM pe- aynbTaT: 8ce, TO MONET cropeTb — NpM- Kylagbt M UeBbe ABTOMATOB, PAM! OKOH, ‘opma, moni, nexauyne Ha NosMyAAX, npocro saneknoce. Crpauinoe opyskite & Foponckom Goto. Henompaxaemniii nerepan ‘Amepianckne akcneprbi B CBONX ny ‘Gnincauyanx oremer pyrann ~ 3a cnaGbi, "no wx Mievina, 3apAa v Gonbusyo yrpo3y ‘RNA MecTHoro HaceneHue. Ho pyran, aso Kak M floxeanst ~npoTMEHMK, BpAN MM MoryT Gere weKpeHHWNeN. B Newencnm BomNaX ewalraH-Tpy6HD ‘c1o8a onpaenann ceoe npossmuse. Bor, anpnuep, BocnoMAHaHMe opHOro ua occniicnix ofnuepos: «Mit He Morn onaeuTs orvesyo TouKy “Ayxo8” Lay >raxHoe KAPRMNHOe 3AaHMe, B CTeHaX ‘penats Gonyes. Crpenaior nynemeTst W asromatet KanauinwKosa. fJocrar “ayxos" We MoxeT axe Haul cHainep. Tlogowns 6oystco"Wmenem w exarHnin 2apan ® onto W3 oxoH. flow Ha mnasax pac- cuinanca m ocem. Boson obpyrae elllment» 3a enery- ManwocTb», aMepikanust ornpasinn HecTM coer geMoxpammn 8 ocrasneHtsi awn BolicKaMn AbraHiCTaH, 2aTeM 8 Vipak x, cTonkiyawce ¢ peannam yusinenx 60e8, no THny Snb-Oanyar, Ormewer aver M> Trewresnep 2-omavecnninpaen -4- repens onangyan pyro 5 yaapro-cnyexowod wexaneat pana ‘Tome yaneKnce opyrnem ¢ TepMo6a- wveckwn sapanamn. Yanexniice Ha- CTonko, sto 8 2006 roay name BepHynn cunTote ¢ BOopyKeHMA WiBencKiE rpaHa- ‘Tomerts «apn fycraao WM79, Take 32- xasann na mopnexos jononsuTenbiyio napriio coaganoro ® 1984 rony rpava- ‘Tomera SMAW. Tipasna, sce on no MoUWM 8 paati yerynat pyccKomy rpanatomery. fo SToMy noKasaTenio K HeMy ropaaAo Gmiore nepeHocioie TepMoGapeckne 3apans, HO yCTavaanweaTs 8 3naHNR Wx Inpwxonurea nop, orHem. B poccAitcxon 2e ortieweTe TPeGYETEA TOMEKO HaNaTD Ha CTYCKOBOM KPIONOK, wTOGD! sacesuIniA ' 3aHinn epar o6parwnca s nenen, Tip stom cospemenitit warn HeGonbux noxapos u 6opoTbcA co chen nasunam Tak 470 ecm BOK! Korna-HnGyAy npexpararca, «waitrak-tpy6s> mer twanc 6es pa6orsi we ocraTeca. © Bagym MMXAMNOS BOEHHAMMCTOPHA 17Oueus uacto Grmsaer, "70 Bovia saKaHMBAaeTCH TAKHM HeCMpaBe//IMBSIM MMPOM, ¥TO Hayao cmenyIouyero BOCHHOTO KOH(pIMKra CTaHOBMTCH SIMI e710M BDEMeHH. Tipwiem mpyaMHoit HOBOM BOHHEI CTAHOBATCA HACTOIIEKO HeSHAYMTEIIEHEIC OLIMGKM AMIUIOMATOB, TO JieT Yepes TDUAATS OcTaeTCs TONEKO PaSBeCTH PyKAMME: KTO GE MOF TORYMATE... !pMepHo no TaKoMy culeHapinio no- ‘one Bexckoro KoKrpecca spen M aspactanca narcKo-npyccKnit KOHANMKT, KoTOpbilt 8 MTore BBITANICA B NOMHOMIC urra6xyo Bofiny. Oxia He crana Hn CnMU- KOM KPOBaBOR, HM CAMWIKOM nponOn- >xuTeMbHO!, HO OCTANACE & UCTOPIAN KaK HanoMnHanie 0 TOM, K 4eMy MOKET NH ‘secTa HeGpexHocTs AMnniomaToS, cKNOH- box He BHgleTe Gonbiuoro 3a manbiM. Tipwumen, yaugen, pazornar flown Tucy net Tepwaxinn npen- rasnana ooh pecoMa aMoppHoe GecnoKoiioe o6pasosanwe. TycroHa- enennoie M >KOHOMMECKH nepcneK "usktie TeppmTopmn Gounn pasnpoGneret va jecsmian Koponeacre, Kypé\OPWECTE mipourx enkaxrocynapcrs. Esponeficnie Aunnomatei npwauKnM ucnonboDare 31M KHMUKECTBA KaK PasMeHHNe MOHETD, nipuiew camaro wanoro ROCTouNCTEA Cpean snanerenei wmnepnn Gunn MW nWocTpanHble MOHapxH: HeKoTOpHIe repnancxne KAAKECTEA NpMHanNEXaNA UWseunm (Nomepaninn), AMrnian (Cai ovep), Hanin (Wessun) w T.2. Tawxe 8 ee cocrae @xoauni Fipyccna 4 ABCTpHA. @opmansHo pewennam unnepcKoro cceiama n wanepatopa jomxts Sov nop- ‘umnsrTbca Bce onMHaKOBO. HO, KPAMEpY, Ulseyyaa ~ Tomo To, uro Kacanoctslome- pani, a Mpyccua 1 Aacrpin Boce urvo- ‘Pposann «eviuiecronujee HayanbcTBo>. K nawany XIX eka or CenwjeHHor Pumckoit wunepun, oGbeqnnaswvel rep- MancKMe rocynapcrea, ocTanacs opta ‘nama, DopmanbHo 80 rage ee cronna ‘Anctpina, Ho m8 Bene noHMManu, 470 370 ‘uur AeKopauus. 8 1803 rony Opany Il ‘Ancrputicxni npwnan Taryn wnepatopa ‘Aactpmn. Tem Gone To GonsunHcrso Gonee uni mene Kpynien repMancKix Focygapcrs Cran TaroreT® K Hanoneo- HoBcKoit pany. ‘Tpewn ronamn nosxe Hanoneos, pasrpommeun Ascrpwie, oGuasun o oye CenuyenHon PHMcKoit umnepan. Bnpowen, K ToMy MoMetTy, NO MeTKOMY ‘onpegenenio Bonttepa, oMa ye He Kopons fli DpenepucV eicransxcToporo ‘llinesnare Tonsuredine cr ‘anavaana oh flarexo- npc Gouna «hn PAMCKO!, HM CBAMIEHHOM, HH wunepuel. Ocraganoce peut cyab6y 130 cyaepennex npasutene” pasHoro AOCTOMHCTBA HW HECKONDKHX 2eCRTKOR wnepcxnx peyapel. Bonanapra 8 To BPeMA He CHMWKOM 2a60THNO MHEHME ‘oxpyxatouyx crpar: Gyn To Alanna co Wseyneit win Poccna c Axrnveit, a oToMy oH nepeKponn KapTy TepManianpyccraixanunep Oro gon Bucnapy cctraneoiny eval «Fevepanison penervael oriole Aecrpen non ce6A. 3a cer menkwx snaneHnit (6bINM OKPYFMIEHE! FPAHMYS KPYNHBIX, OT KOTOpDIX GbiN KOTD KaKOI-TO TONK 8 Ka- ecTBe soeHHEnx cOKSHHKOS. To ect Ha- noneo# pazorHan wmnepwio v coaman Ha ‘ee mecTe Peitickiit coves 43 36 NOAMbHEX emy rocynapere. Pasmennas Moneta Ho e 1815 roay ®panunn 6uina oKoH- warenbHo noGexeHa, eBponeticxne Mowapxn npuctynunh K ovepenHOMy nepexpamsakito rpaHny. Bonpeku ox- aHWEM HeMues, HIIKTO He coGypanca BoccraHasnneaTs cTarycKe0. BennKne Aepxasti pewann ceon 2anaun, a rep- IMaHickve KHAKeCTBa BHOBE NPHTORKAMCS ‘Ans pasmena. Aurnaa, KaK Bcerna, Gouna o3aGo¥eHa ‘TeMi, uro6si ecex napTHepos no nepero- ‘BopaM ocnaGuTb M HiKOrO NPM 3TOM He yeunnTs, HyxHo Gbino nnKEMaMpoBaTe Banaue Opanynn Ha KOMTHHEHTE, HO IRpw 37OM PewlNTe repMaHcKMiA Bonpoc Tak, 4066! He NpespatuTe Hi TIpyccio, Hv Aacrpitio & esponeiicxoro reremona. Tipyccua xoTena nonysuTs Goraryio Carcounio w euje wTo-HuGyq, BcTyNHB 8 ourpecc 6e3 YerKoro nian, Ho onpe- AenenHo He Kenan ycwneHiA Poccnn, ‘Aactpus Goanace younenus 4 Mpycci, w Poccinn, Ona meurana npHo6pectn o6- sacra c wemeukum Hacenenvem. Poccun xorena Mlonswy w cebicoxa ornaaieana Ha OcTanbibix yuaCTHAKOB KOHTpecca ~ Bo repmavickix npobnem AnekcaHapy Vgena He 6:ino. Opanyn xorena pac cops noGenwTened, rob! eBirapat XOTS WTO-TO Mn XOTA Gb He OCTATECA B nonHol wa0nAyAn. anus, Wiseuns, Fonnanann w apyrve cTpakty, umeauine enaneHns & Tepmannn, xoTenn mi60 BepHyTb To, #To oTHAN y HA Hanoneos, no coxpaHit To, #70 0H HM ‘man. CaMx HeMLJes NPM 3TOM HHKTO He cnpaumsan Tem Gonee He sanasanca ‘BONPOCOM: KaKOs HauWoHaNEHet Hn pe- _mnrnosneit Coctas HaceneHna o6nacreit, RepexonmUNNX 13 PyK 8 PKA. Tak W710 8 pewleHnax BeHCKOFO KOH- rpecca Geino He cniuikoM mHoro norvK wcnpaseannsoctn. K npmmepy, flanns, soesasuan Ha cropone Hanoneona, nommia Goina Gos HaKasaHa. Y Hee WB caMoM ene ‘oTo6pann Hopserno, a 80 repmaHcKne rovoxectea Uneaawr, fonsurenn i Slay- 2HGypr ocTaBHnn 3a parvavia, XOTA Ha ‘Hw nperennosana Mipyccun. Oven yx tHe xoTen aHrniniale W aBCTPMIALID YCH- weave nosnyiin Bepnina. Hanpowa, 8 npormsosec Mpyccnn 6uin“cosnal Tep- ‘ManicKni cows. Obpazozanne nonyunnoce eule Gonee amopéxtim n Geccmbicnenni, ven Bina ‘Cenujennan Prackan wnnepna. Cows HyKeH Goin TonbKO 3aTeM, TOG! Hi Onka 8 AByX HeMeUKix jlepxas (ABCTDMA Fipyceas) ne morna Get saaT> Wa ce6A Pon co6upatena repMaHcKinx. semen. Vmeno c 370% yenbio Beira Cosma KOH" (a arrenonrocyspero 218630) Arye amano eeprom spans a repathetara castigo 1868) CxpyRUW, NpM KoTOpO!t 8 repMancxie nena Ha 3aKoHHOX OcHOBaHNAX Morn aMewmearbca anrnmave, ronmaHaus) avane, ween Tak mane. Tie6oe —peulene enepansnoro cela, ane ec 6o1 enum bpoHTOM 3a nero seicrynunn TIpycora, AscTpHR W WanGonee Kpynie. TepMaHCRME.rO- cynapcrea (Carconms, Basapin, Biop- TemBepr), 1o ecto nowra seco Hemet up, morno Gite saGannoT#posano, K Npimepy, AaTeKuM KoponeM, KorOPUi ananen Mayan6yprom, Uneaeurom Fonourtesiom (snpove, Lnessur 8 Tep- WaHexoM cowose He Wcnincn, aro Gino eae oan BerTopoM HanpaeHtocT O6manyrsie namexaET Mexay Tem B fepmaHinn ebipocno enoe NoKoneHHe, HoH HaneMAbi Ha Ha- UMOHanbHoe sospoxneHne M cosmaHne MoUIHOrO emMHOrO HeMeUKOrO rocy- apcrea oKasanncs TuyeTHeIMN. B rope GopeGui ¢ HanoneoHiom mM Kazanoce, S70 ‘BMeCTe Co cBOGonOM OT 3axBaTHNKOB OHM O6peryr u npaso Ha cosniaHMe cAnbHor eannoit Tepmaivi, Ho ycunaawM eBpo- nefickix qunnomaros crpaHa oKasanacs no cyt er6powera 8 XVII Bex. BOEHHARHCTOPHA 19‘ pa larsane 1849 ropy cwrrana, To of meuunanobepyrenswn 8 SOPH cNpyCCAKAMI Hoe Bepnineywennnenarosioog n2nonyvertesxyporoe TepmancKnit cows HiMKaK He Mor cayxure oGbenvHRIOWeh waeet, TAK Kak NM eceit ero aHa¥MMocTA OcTa- ‘Banca 4NcTO AeKopaTHBHOi CrpyKTypor Tipycena m ABcrpan, CTpemace pewiaTe ce M 3a BCeX, CaM wrHOpMPoBann YcTaHoBneHAMA ceAiMa, a ahaunTenbHaR acto Wx snaneHii (HanpHmep, Bce aB- CcTpinickve 3eMny, He Bxonmeune pate B CCenujenyio Pumcryio wianepinic) B006UIE sinagana 13 cowsHolt opucAMKUMN. BTO 1xe caMoe BPeMA MHOCTPaHHEIe MOHAPXM MenM npaso BMewINEATECR B HeMeUKHE ‘nena uepe2 cRow enaneHin. Ho ecn npoctex Hemyes nogoGHoe nonomenne nen yrinxano w pas~paKano, To MecrHble ante! BoBCe He ropena xe- FAHVEM WEMEHKT CROKHBUIEECR _NO- nomenne. Oco6eHNo ocrpo sacrasnan Hemues “yacraonate HecnpaBennNBocT> Tor gar, wto 8 1815 rogy weencKyio No- ‘epaninio oraanu Mpyccnm, a Nay346ypr i Tonburelin (Hacenenibie Hemyamn) ocrannce 3a lanneh. B Mpyccwm, Kak m 80 aceit Tepmanun, Pocnm —HalMonanMcTuvecKne Hae CTpoeHHR, AECATKM THICRY BeTepaHoS HanoneoHORCKHX BOiH roTOBD Gen orcramsate —HaywoHansHoe —ocTo- mHcTBO C Opyxuem 8 pyKax. To M Reno APOMCXOAMAM rpOMKMe nlonMTHYecKHe yOuiicrsa, ace cmenee CraHoBITWce ui HOBHMKA W AenyTaTél pervonanbHtsx anararos, Bce 3TH npoyecce! axTHBHO noanepxneann ‘pyccan w ABctpan, ‘cnpaseqmnso nonarar, 470, sosrnasne poyecc repmancKolt wHTerpauMu, OM moryr nonyunTe sHaumTenbHyio Boiron. Kpome toro, x cepenmne XIX sexa non, \HocrpakHolt wpucAMKyNel OcraBannce ‘Tonbko Thoxcembypr (fonnanaia) Slay- aH6ypr c Fonpurreiivom. Hapactano 803- Myuiene Hemues ws 3TH%x OGnacTAX (Ou 6tina ropaano nyxuie paseies, weM ocranbian acre AaTcKHX TeppATOpIA, Ho npoMsiwinenyio W arpapHyio anmy BOEHHAR MCTOPMA cocrasnann patualie, CKopo ace 370 Bt ‘nunoce 8 orxpbtToe NpoTABOCTORHNe. B aneape 1848 ymep Aarcxnit Kopons Kpwcrman, Ha npecron ecrynnn Gpe- Repux. Mpwuem nec» Ulnessur TonpurteHi? Oven npocto: oH Ginn comaan1 lannelinmsioi yunelt, ro ecTe ‘Openepin ne nonywan npae Ha 31H wna esun asTomarwueckn. NayoH6ypr 6tin Corsar KOpoHHol yaner M coTWM repuor- ‘cTB0m sonpoc He Bo3HMK. Ho penepux pewn He enasaroca 8 ropmanieckite ToHKOCTA u YB A!aN OBUIyIO MOHCTHTYUINO ANA BCeX CBOK BnaneH ‘Ace on 3ansnn, uro 6yner nponomar’ NonmTaKy ACCHMANRYMN HeMeUKOTO Har cenenwa 8 Uneseure u Tonburemne, KoTOpaA M 6e3 Toro sHisbIBaNa HenO- jsonkcreo HaceneHnn npx KpucTAaHe. Ho Tor curranica 3aKoHHem npaei- Tenen, W ero Tepnens. A Openepk, NO ‘mvenmo ronburTanues, npesbicin cBow onoMown. MpwieM ConAAapHe! OKa- ance NPOCTOM HapoR, HAHOBHMKH ‘apncroxpaman Tloncrperaewese Mipyconei, narpnorn- sieckn Hactpoenneie Kpyru UllnesBura Tonswreriva nogHan BoccraHne MBs ‘omnynn [lannn ynorwmaryNs: KHAmecrea onywarer oGwiee yeTPORCTEO, KoTopOe ‘onpegenmot camv, Unessnr sxonyT 8 Tepwancrnit cows, a yxe nocne 2Tor0 oGcymanorca vx orHowennn c Konenra- reno. Openepi, ectecraeHHo, 3TH Tpe- Gosannn oTsepr, m soccraHine npMHAno cepveartili o6opor. Bee _nposarcxne ‘uniosHnnn inn varvaHs, apcewane 32- yeauens, 6bino Gsicrpo copmuponaHo epemenHoe npasutenscrso M_ onon- Nenne. Npyccua npegnomwna fannn nocpenHnecteo 8 neperoBopax c BoC Cranuums, wo OpenepaK orkaaanca, 24 mapra 1848 ropa Havanace nepean _RaToWaR Bovina Ciawana goccraauinm conyrcraogan lonumyecknii M BoeHHBIM ycnex. Noa Hamwmom TIpyccam spemenHioe npa- BwTeMscTBO NpH3HaN COWSHEI CemM, Wneseur 611 -npwit @ Tepmaticxnit ‘C0103, KoTOpelit nocnan Ha NOMOUI> KAR ecTBy BoncKa. Bckope GoM yxKe nn Ha TeppuTopmn JOtmaHAMM — MACTO RaTCKOA Aposwnunn. Mlocne smewiatenscrsa Mpyccn nena nownn ewe nysuie. Ho Ha Mope rocnoncTeosan arcKnit ‘nor, 470 cBopMNo Ha HET BCe CyXO- yrHle ycrexa cotoaHnkos. pycckne opts! Gein Gnoxuposansi, ee Top FoBna Hecna orpomibie yOuren. K 6e- Peram flannn Ova nocnara pyccran Sckanpa, “TOG! npunyriyTe NpyccaKos: Inpomas Hix BbicTyniunn PoCcAMA, AHTAIMA H ‘pany, TpeGya abitTH v2 Bo Tlocne aByx nponomarenbitix nepe- Mupuit M HecKonioKNX BOeHHEX HeyaaH Tipyccna cmmpnnace m noanicana MMp akwel Tepuorcrea nonpo6oeann npo- omMaTe Boy Ha cBOH CTpAX WM PACK, HO otepnenn nopamenne. B 1851 roy 50- ‘enble jevicTBUR 3aKOHUANUCD — BCe BeP- Hynoce K cuTyaumi, AHBapA 1848 ropa. ‘Aura, Pocona m Opanuna ebicrynann apatttamu aToro porosopa. Temspemenems camon Janam Ha6mpana O60poTs HeOBbiuHaR OBWeCTBeHHO-n0- sumaveckan KaMnanua, MHorve NOMATAKH apucroxparnlpexpacto nowvanly, so HoBan BOfiHa 3a repmancrie BNageHIAA HX OpOnA = nemo cKOpOE, M HMKAKHE MEM) apoanete rapanro! ManevoKyio H cna6yio aro or Npycci ve cnacyt Tew 6onee STO. penne Aepxaest paccopwnnce 80 pews Kpeimckoh Bois, Tenepe enwsii por npoTue Bepmna Gn Get Hesoamanen. B Taxol oGcranooKe paTuaHe pac cynmnn, To nyse coxpanians aco, eMnorepare yenoe. Moa nosyxrom «flan Ro 3iinepa» Beictynann He TonbKo onno- SnUWOHHEIe NONiTAKM, HOH BMAHBIE BO- lene, HekoTOpble MAHACTpHI M NPOCToe ‘mopu. Diep — pera, orpennswan U)neseur or Fonburreina. A nosyHr, co- CoTmercraeHHo, o2Hatian HeOBKoAMMOCTE Corwasareca ot Tonburreliva 8 nonbay Fipyccin w coxpatirrs Unesenr, mnKen- ‘Amposas ero cysepeuTeT NoNHOCTBIO. Mlonoxenwe flan 8 BoeHHOM cMbicne 6uno Geahanexnoim. Monyropamunni- Onan cTpaHa Morna BbICTaBHT OT CHB SO-toicaunyio apawio, 3xHauwTenbHaR acre odmuepcKoro Kopnyca 6tina rep- MalicKOro NPONCXOKAEHHA. Ho aatcKiii Kopons —@penepaK pone HeBMAaHHOe ynpAMCTBO. OH To mm cuwTan coxpaHienne TeppiTopiit ‘enom sce xVBHM, TO NK NpeGbisan B ney coBcTReHHEsX 2aGnymAeHIil, HO HA a kakwe ycTynka He cornauianca. Mexay Tem 3oposbe ero ocrasnano %enaTb yauero, n ocenbio 1863 ropa ye Gout OHATHO, TO OH yMpeT Ge3neTHLIM. 30 6eino upesaro noreper Ulinessura w Tonpurrevia 6€3 ScAKX ycnoeult: & Tanwm jonycxanoce Hacnegosanne no 2KeHCKOM AMHNM, HM NocNe Openepinka Ha pecton omen Gein ez0#Tn KpucrHaH TrioxcByprckwit. Ho 8 rocygapcteax Tep- MaHcKOrO coW3a BACT NepexomMna TonbxO No MYNCKOH MMH, SykeanbHo 2a napy ANelt no cMepTA penepmx npogaswn Yepes napnament HOByIO KONCTTY\NIO, KOTOPaR ycTaHaB- rweara HepasnensHocTs Uhesexra 4 ‘Danww, » porina crana wens6exnon. 15 Hon6pa 1863 ropa Openepak ymep, emy Hacnegosan Kpucruai. Ho rep- MaHCKHA Cem ¥ OcobeHHO Mpyccan ¢ Asctpvem norpe6osann nepenate Tonourrefin w Ulnesanr Opnapwxy Asry- crenByprckomy. B flan 370 abaBano soamyulenne: @ 1852 rogy orey Opw- ‘Act npr Beve, na onrveronsionpenena paccranoeny cine Espone’ Apwxa oTKaBancA OT BCeX NpeTeHSM Ha Fepyorcrea «oT ceoero WMeHM M UMeHA Boero noromcrea Ha BeNHEIe Bpementa» 322.2 mannvowa Tanepos. B onMi pes HenonynapHan B Hapone sofia npwoGpena nonynapHocTs, Tem Gonee To «HasopiMTs NOpAROK» oT- ‘NPAs CAKCOHCKYIO M raHHOBEPCKYIO Gpwrages. 3toro Aaruane yae crepneT> He Morn u BbiqBMHyNM HaBCTPeYy CBOIO ‘apmanio. BrpoweM, TyT Ke OTBETHEIM xOA, ‘caenann Fipycons W ABCTpHA, M naTWaHe ‘SbiNy KEN! Gein oTCTynNTe 8 LnesBur 622 60. Tlocrarowoe mpesocxoncrso cnt 6st ABcrpis u Mpyccua ABMHyni Ha Jlanio sce Hmeswneca y HX BOCK, To akan apMMA npesbicnna Odi Bce Mymckoe HaCeneHNe STO cTpaHbt, NO- 3TOMy OHM peWANK orpaKWNMTacA «pasyMHbiM 1 AOCTaTONHEIM peBoc- xoAcreom. Mporns 51 000 aardalt Aeli- cTsogann oKono 120 000 ascrpniyes npyccakos. Aptannepwiicxint napK coW0sHMKOB NPeBOCXORNA NpOTHBHNKA 8 wects pas. AaTaaHe paccumTosann ToMbKO Ha CHCTEMY 3. HECKOMBKMK He- ‘nnoxinx Kpenocrel OgnaKo caepxar> apminio BTopiKeHHA He yaanocb HW Ha flakHeBsepKcKoit no- mui, Wn y ropona Dio6Gens, Hn y Kpe- nocra @penepvcna. flarvaie Aono He morn fame HaltTH rasHoKoMaKay- foutero: ace opmieper Hemewsoro po: MoxOMNeMMA OTKaBaNNCe, 2 KpnCTAaH JOnmyc ge Mesa cusran eofiy 6e3K- emo, w ero npnunoce Aono yrosa- pasate, K wcxony anpena conpomanenne Ha cyte 6tino # ocHosHOM cnomneHo- Mlocneanna Wanexna Hannn - dnor Ha Dror pas He Mor NnpoTHBOCTORTS O6b- eannennoim ascrpo-npyccknm chnan. Hecronsko MOPCKMK CTHeK 2aKOH- nnich BHHNDI. JaTYaHaM NpHUAOCe >eaKynposats solicxa Ha ocrposa Anoc oH M HauiHare neperosopts onmpe. Mupiyio Konpepenuno cobpann 8 SRownone np ywacran Axrnnn, ©panuwn m Poccmn. OnwaKo 8 MexAy- HaponHom nocpennnNecree oKasanoce ‘mano Tonky. Ascrpun w Npyccnn uys- cTeoBann ce6a WacTonbKO ysepeHHo, MTo AMKTOBANM CBOM ycnoBHA. Crono Annniomaran Tomko nonsirarecs 32 TaHyTe neperosopel, Kak Mpyccna 80306HosnNa BOeHHHE AelICTEMA, He- ‘oxwpiaHitim yAapom 3axGaTH8 xopowO ypennennsit octpos Anoc. K ce Pepe mona Gouna onxynnposaHa 8A JOmanann (konTaMenTaneian acre Aanwy), conpornsnenne 6bino. npH- aka}o BecroneaHbin. 30 oKTAGpa 8 Bene Goin nognucaH up. Uneaeur orowen nog ynpasneHne pycom, Tonburreiin — Ascrpmn. Nay- 2H6ypr Tome ocranca Npycon, Ho ye 3a 2.5 munnnora Tanepos. Ho ocHosHe coGsmran, a wMenno ~ oGxeqmnenne Fep- avin nog WavanoM TIpyccwu, 6s ewe snepean. Boia c Janne crana Ann Gepninicnnx nomTaKos nepsim waron, npo60f nepa Yewes, To Espona_ommocurensto cnoxoitio oTpearwposana va ycunerine TIpyccmn, nocnennan yme wepe3 rox cnposounposana soy c ABcrpwe axtwsecin yrweeromuna Tepmancrii cons. © Duunrpui KPYTTIOBHA OCTPME ATAKU ERE ia grave BiGlfeytu Cmip cc lod Ha BpavKeCKux KaBasiepucTos! B pyccxoyi apmunt Kouta CTazia MaCCOBO BOOPy2xaTBCA TakaMx c Kouta XVI pexa. Vium cpaxavics YAHBI, urycapsi, 1 Kapacupsi. Ho Gomue Bcero npocnaBywim STOT BM APEBKOBOTO OpyAUis MMEHHO Kasaxn, Kasavbs WHKA Gsi1a TaKMM 2Ke CMMBONIOM Kasa"beTO COCTOBHA, KAK Waka. Vianazlenm e10 pyccxite Kasaxnt BAPTYOSHO. Jonroe Bpema 8 Poccmm He cyuye- |CTBOBaNO eAMHOTO CraHgapra ANA Kaganepuickof nuk. BNO Amul Owe pegcTasneHine, 470 370 Konbe c y3KhM W ROBONDHO ANMHHDIM rpaHeHbIM HaKO- HeunnKom. Bec M AfinHy ApeBKa Kaxabil xawanepucr noa6upan non pyky. My, Kcrae ‘TH, NoKynian nvKy 3a cBOM cOBcTBeHHBIE ‘eHbrn. Mpeqmerom rocyslapcTseHHoro chaGicenus ova crana nile c 1893 ropa. Mlostomy nk Konya XVII — wawana XIX Beka AosonsHo pasHooGpasHbl Mc TpyAOM noaAaIOTcA KalaccHduKauM. M- ‘BeCTHO nlp, WTO KazaKM npesnounTann ‘nuKit Ha apuunn (0,71 cM) ANMHHEY, Hexe: su ynane, Tposa ropues Ko Bpemenn Havana BoeHNbix pei tsi nporns apmmn Hanoneowa Bona- ‘napa y pyCcKolt KaBanepuu cnomwnace TaxTaKa ark, MpM KOTOPOM nepsbie HeckonbKo pAAOB BCAAHNKOR BoOpy: anch nnkamn. 310 genano nepepii HaTWcK OCOGeHHO coKpyuiMTenbHeiM. A oTom yxe Aeno Aosepuiann ca6nn BOEHHAR HCTOPHA Oco6enHo oTnnuannce MacTepcKHM snapeHnem TpexmeTposoh nuKOm Ka- 3aubh acta. MloproToBneHHBiA KazaK BeiTeopAn C 3ThM OpyxKveM GykeanbHO yneca, nostomy 8 1839 roay nuka Geina OdmuyansHo nocTasneHa Ha 50- opyxenme asaKoe. fina Hee Ovinn ycTaHosnelst cnenyiouye napamerpsr: ‘OGuan anima ~ 34 m, Bec 2.3 Kr, AWA HaKoHeuHuKa ~ 25 cm, AMaMeTp ApeRKa ~ 3,6 cm. [Ina cpapHenin — Kupacrpcran Tinka 6uina ANMHOM 3,2 M, Ho Becina rip ‘370m 3,25 Kr. [JNA CROHBIX pMeMOB OHA He ropmnace, ee vcnionszosann ToneKo ‘Ans valiayansHoro TaparHoro yAapa. Fluka o6pasya 1839 ropa npogep- 2aHiach Ha BOOPY HNN KasaYMK YaCTeM Ro 1901 ropa. MmeHHo HUM B pyKax Boesann AONCKMe KazaKM 80 BpeMA raskaackolt eolinbl. M eoesann snonke YycnewHo ~ ropust He sbigepxnBann aTak Kaaaubix cOTeH, BOOpYKeHHEX cMepTO- HOcHEAMM ANAHHeIMAA TIAKAM, Ocobyio pons @ passvrHn Kasane- puickoro wckyccrea anageHWa ppea- KOBbIM OpyxkveM cbirpan NereHnapHbiA rasauni renepan kos BaknaHos, Ko- MaHAOBaBUINA HECKONEKMH KaMna naw Ha KaBkase 8 cepesinne XIX Beka. Ornmuanc nvuor xpa6pocroio OrpoMHoi cHnOM, BaKnaHos OT KaKAOrO ka3aka ® caoeM rionky Tpe6osan BMp- TyOsHOTO BaneHUR KaK WallKOA, TaK M MKOI, cuMTaR, HTO 310 AenaeT KaBane- pwicta HenoGequmem. OrHectpensHoe Opymwe Baknanos cunTan nue HeoGA- aaTensibim AononeHNeM « TpanMuM- OHHOM Kazaubeit aknnnpoaKe. B 1901 rony craHfaprHanKasane- infickan mira pyccKoi apmuin HecKonsKo yxoporanacs normxenena. Tenepe0000 TC ‘co pm anwne 3,1 m ona secuna 2,5 Kr. 37a _Mojens gosonbHo Gvicrpo Gbina NpwaliaHa He CAMUKOM yAauHOM, Me 1910 ropy KazaKa nomysinn HoBBIe MMKH. Thashoi Hosaynel tino To, “To ApesKo Teneps penanoce He w3 Aepesa, a v3 TOHKOCTEHHEX MeTANAAMYECKMX TPy6OK. 310 nossonAno cfenate APEBKO HeyAS- ssvmbin Ann BpaMECKAK KnMHKOB. ORHaKO ec ewe Gonbwe yeenuuunce, Merannu- ‘ueckaR nuka np o6ujeh ANMHe 3,28 ‘Beaina ye 2,66 Kr. 320R40 yKOPOTANCA RO 13,5 cM HaKOHEMHIK, M yMeHDUIAICA Ro 2,7 cm pwamerp ppesxa. Ha ApeBKO Hagesanca NPpOGKOBbii «pykass, 3a KO- Topbit acanunny ynoSHee Btino AepwaT opyane, : Viana xonnoro, MBNA MeMero. Vexyccteo extosaun nvkoit nepe- awanoce y Ka3aKo8 OT OT4a K CoiHy. K COpyKnio OTHOCHANCE € yBAMHNEM, CO- Gnonan o6nsarenbibie puryan. Ha- pwmep, Korma Ka2aK omnpasnanca 8 ‘Roxon, To nieKy eMy ena ynasy> nopaBare Ronen Guin MnaqUNi CB HnK nine Manik, CaM ewe He romWsiK cnyx6e nO sospacty. Cywecreosano mHomectBo Goeabx pwemos enagenna nuKoi, KoTOpbIe UCTONHANCE KaK OHO, TaK M. ABYMA ywamm. na yno6crea scans x RPeeKy npwKpennannce onHa HMM ABE rievnu. Nepeaa pacnonaranace Ha ueHTpe “TemeCTM ~ Ona HaKibi6anIaCe Ha NOKOT W nossonana KpyTHT> TpexmerpoByIo Tuiky onHOlt pykO, He Tepan wan Hel owTpons. Bropan me (Tak Haableaembit Hoxkhink) pasMeuiamace Ha CaMOM KOHUE— ® Hee npi pasrove yruppannce Horo, KaK 8 crpems, wro6ss cHenare Tapannti yA—p ‘ewe crpaunee, snomMs 8 Hero Bec> Bec ecappina w nowaan. B 1843 roay sce npvemsi 6sinn cH- ‘cremarwauposanti u vanowensi @ npoTHBHAKa va cepna. B GnuoHem 600 ynapes Ha- HocAnce fame OBpatHoi cTopoHoi ‘ApenKa. OcoGbiM NCKYCCTBOM GINO Na iaposarine. AMAHyIO MAKY HYRHO Bbino ycnesars nosopauwsars oq cBinmo- luytecn ¢ pasHtsx cTOpoH yAapit npH ‘TOM He TepATD BOSMORHOCTH ANA aTaKH. Pa6oran niko, Kasanepuct Gein Be HyfleH NOCTORHHO nloBOPANHEaTECA B ‘cepie 8ceM KOPRYCOM, “TOG! KOHTPO- ‘uposat cece opymne, nosToMy oT xa3aK08 TpeGoBanoc> sbicouariwee Ma- ‘cTepcrso sepxos0i esas. Jlocruranoce 270. WSHYPHTenbHEIMN. TPeHHpOBKANM, 80 8peMA KOTOpEX HOBOGPAHUD! pas 32 pa30M aTaKOBANM MAKOM CMAN wap, ycranoBnenresit Ha rA6KOM npyre. Pas6itT» ero MoMHO Gino, TonbKO oN|s HaKOHe4HIKOM TONHO 8 CepenMny ‘chepis, wave yen eysopaunsanace» oT neymenoft araKn. finn o6nervenun KokTpona Han [Anunteim OpymnieM ocoG0e BHAMaHKE yenanoce 6anancuposke nuk. Lett ‘Taxecta Gbin cMeulen 4yTe Ha3aR, TaK wWTo Goesaa vacTo, Kak npasinno, co- ‘crasnana oKono 1,8 m. Bnaronapa 3toMy v@3aK nonysan npenmyujectso nepen CONAATOM, BOOPYKEHNLIM PYKBEM C PHMKHYTEIM. WTEKOM, KOTOPOE Goino Kopove. 3a HaKOHEWHMKOM NUK MHOFAIA ‘Renanoce yronujenne, wToGbi He Aasare [APeDKY CHMUIKOM rmy6OKO BXOANTS B Teno epara m flaTb BosMOxHOCTE GDICTPO BeinepHyte opymie. Muka Gsina BepHowt OAPyrOi ANA KazaKoB. B NoxoRe NHKA Mornin ncnonbs08aTecA Kak OcHOBa ANA HOCANOK, KaK KApKAC ANA wanawia MN amare | -cransoar 2-xombe Za Shonen ome ar soetetimnioes Scmmomee ore T-pevron yee TIAMAT 0 NOQBUTE Pyccni ogmuep — Anaronuit ‘Mapxos nncan 8 cBonx memyapax (© nocewjennn HaKaHyHe Nepsok ‘mposoi Boies «llapcxoih coTHi» Hunonaescxoro Kasanepmiicnoro younuuya: «B nepssii we AeNb, korna A Bowen 8 nomewenne coTHm, Ha ee cpeqHen nnowanKe moe BHUMaNHe MpMBneKna K ce6e Tonsuian Ma ocoGoh nogcrasKe AepeBannan nuka cwenesHbiM Ha- oneuHUKoM; aTO Me NoKasanoce ‘CTpanHDiM, TaK KOK 8 Te AWM KABaKM w perynapHan Kasanepna Goinn ye BOOpymenbI cTanbNDint. flopeiian noGnwme, nm yeupen Ma cTene Haq nuKoh nevaTHyIo Mannich, rnacusuiyio, 4TO mMKa BNRETCA TOMO KONE! TOI, KO- Topo AoHcKOH KasaK (WmApeK) 8 AWM KaBKascKnx BORN OTGHNCA ‘of oKpymusuinx ero 12 WepKecos. Teiicrewrensuo, wa nepese nxn ‘oxasanoce Ao ABYX AECATKOB NO- pesoB, a 8 TeX mecrax Aepeso Gtino cpesano, auqumo, wauiKoi. Toshaxommeuncs — Gnwwe —¢ Apmemamn Mm anagennem >THM TpAUIHIM. OpyRNEM MN BMAR, C Kako nerxoctoio um pa6oTaior ‘kazaKn, HE YAMBMNCA TOMY, TO ‘epes asa ronanocne sTorononeu- azax Kysbma KpiouKos or6unca muxoit of 12 wemues, nepeGus 4 nepepanns wx Bcex. Tina o6pasua 1910 ropa nepexnna Pesoniouno 1917 rona nodmynansso co- CCronna Ha Boopy Renin Kasaubnx YacTer PKKA go 1931 roga. B nepetie ronbi Be- nwo OTevecrseHHoi Bolin! wx nonpo- GoBann BepHyTo, Ho Noche HecKonbKiX Goes y6pann yme Hascerna. CnnuKoM CHnbHO waMeHMace Boma, M Tenepb ka2auien aTaKa «® niki ye He tina TaK posta W coKpywuTensHa, KaK 100 ner wasag. © Buxrop BAHES BOEHHAAHCTOPHA 23Pett Claes eC em (TUG wl: FUTAHTOB— . é a | ents ets mens is CU ee mopelt» KTlepsoit mmposoit soiime mpasur ‘eNIBCTBA BeAYIUX HepKaB TOTOBMWIMCE THIATeNbHO Mt He OnMH Ton. MuumapmEi py6ners, éyzros, mapox u bpaxkos Geum K 1914 ropy BOMJIOMICHEI B ASpOrMTaHaX, NYUIKAX, MyneMeTax ‘Mf OTPOMEEIX JIMHewHEIX KopaGu1ax. e3ycnoeHo, nporpanmis nepeso- opymenna dnotos crown yuacT- nam muposokt Goin opoxe wcero. Haseproe, nosTomy ux Tak Gepernn norosonuss, pacuienpMEWNce MAb Ha ‘oawo no HacToRUemy Goneuioe MopcKoe cpanenne-y Geperos KOrnanqun Bunexy Tpadamsrapa K Havany Bomb! cranbHenusnnn noramn pacnonaranm Ancnua m Tep- manna. Bpirrarcknit [pana Onur npesoc: xoANN HeMeuKiiA Onot OrxpsstToro MopA, B nepayio ovepenb, KONMYECTBEHHO. Mo- BTOMY OCHOBHBIe BOeHHO-MOPCKME CHA Fepmatin oxazannce 2anepTet 8 cBoMx 6asax. Grparernueckwe aan —_¢noros cwenvce K rionsitxe npopsar> GnoKany co CTOpoHt! HEMeB i COxpaHHTe €€ CO CTopone! axrn4an. TaKoe nonoxenne zen 6ti0 BbIrOAHO SpuTaHYaM, TAK Kak ‘Bpema paGorano Ha Hix B Gorx y Tenvronaypa (1914 1) 4 y Morrep-Ganxn (1915) akrnwuanam yhanocs orpaanTe nonbiren npopsiea BOEHHAR HCTOPHA Hemues Ha onepamBHeil NpocTop, WTO Towne nOMKHOCTA KOMAHAYIOWIeMy Fepmancxnmm BMC Opugpuxy don Yi euromo. Ero npeemnnk Fyro oH Mon’ oo6ule Hi paay He Bbisen dnoT panbwle 120 mn or Gas u ornpasianca cneqom 3a Vinrevronew. Pew sonpoc Geino nio- pyseno Peitixapay Weepy. (On Kareropuveckn He cormawianca ¢ MepeouenKoli Goessix Kayects Gpi- TaHcKoro gnota. Bo-nepsbix, nepssie MopcKue cpaxeHnA noKazann, WTO aH rniickne Marpocel W OMYepe! r1nOxo ogroTosneHts, HO npn 3TOM yxacHo Camovanentitl. Bo-BTopsX, HoBeiuMe Fepmatcxwe Kopa6nn npesocxonnnn pOTHBHHKa 6 SpoHesoA sauyTe, apTun- sepia ~ B ckopoctpenbHocTM, a 6poHe- ofintsi Boenpunac - no Ka¥ecrBy. CC pyro croponts, cymmapHbil Bec Goprosoro sana [pana Onura sqsce npesocxogun Onot OrKpertoro mopA. K Tomy xe Honeume 6pirraHcKe Apeavoyts! o6nanann nysWnMi x0- ROBbIMM xapakTepucTuKama mM Gonee KpynHbiM rnaBHtim Kan“6pom. B oGuleM, aurnnvane noumeana Ha nappax Tpa Ganerapa, He socnpHAMMan HeMyes Bcepbes. Tepwanicxmfi ura paccuriean fnyTeM npoBsokayMOHHbX HaGeros Ha aH Mwickoe noGeperse sbimaHiTe acto aHIMMaH B MOpe M HaBeCTM Ha CBOM rnaaneie canst, Mycte sece [pang Onur YHRUTOKUTD M He NONYSMTCA, HO TaKAR ‘akruka jonmva 6su1a npuBecta K nocTe- eHHOMy BbipaBHnsaHnio can ononurensiyio ysepentocts 8 yenexe Ueepy npuqaean Tor ¢axt, wo... aHinnvanaM 6tinM UaBeCTHB HE MeuKHe BOeHHO-MopCKHE Kon! W Whi- posanbibie Ta6nnuysl. Via nepegann 1x ycckne ewe 8 1914 rony, HaliaA wx Ha epmacxom xpeiicepe «Marge6ypra. 8B Henpax Anmapantelicrea Gon cosmaH cexperneili oTnen, nonyuneunit HaseaHne «KomHaTa 40x, 0 He 3HanK Tomko emwHlisi 3 sbicero —pyKo- oncrsa ora, ‘AnrnmaHe nepexsateisan” pagio- FpaMMl Hemues 1 erko wx pacundpO- ‘abieann, Bor TOnBKO M HeMU NpeKpACHO Hani, TO HaXONATCA «TIog KONNAKOM, M BBMHEIK CHyYAAKFOBOPHAM MUSTO, TO. ROMMeH Goin 3HaTb NPoTHBHINK. A wTOGDI Gpwranuss He sanogospun noaBoxa, ne- WOAMNECKH MeHANK KnIOWK K WAGpaM, Ho C TakvM pacveToM, “To6s1 NpOTHBHMK ‘cwor wx 3aHo80 pacummposare.Cnysainras scrpeva ‘Onepaunn 6tina Hamevera Uleepom a nocnenwve sincna man 1916 rona. Hemui 3aneficrsosanis 99 suiwnenos (16 rusikopos) iW 17 NoRBOAKX NOREK. BPH Tahust cmornn eaecta 8 eno 150 van- ssonHs0xcy108, 6 TOM uncne 2B AHHROpOB. Havas onepauo flores Guin non snoptine nop Ho anece Hemues wan cnnowiie eynasn, TocrasuTe nioe sarpan- ene cMornn ns 3-3 Hux, npHueM conta - sanagyiee Oprieticrix ocrpoD08, tne Gynyuiero «nonn> Gon. Ha sacannie Noantynn sour TonbKo 10, Ho HM Opa he cmorna 8 nytt Women aTaKOBaT annnicrwit nor. EqnncTeeHnan yAava: '3piiB 5 ok Ha ane axrnitcKoro 6pO- ewocua «Xounuiap, 8 peaynerare KO- Toporo noru6 soetisi minincrp ~ nopa Karvenep, cTnpasnneumiica © Pocci. Ho x KOmmanacromy cpanenio 370 OTHo- levtia He umeno. Virak Hemeupni nor Orxpsrroro mopA BpiMlen co CBOMX 6a3. Ickagpa Xunnepa (5 mmveintsx npeicepos, 5 nerrnx Kbe ‘cepo8, 30 scutes) noma Sei Bom Gapprposar> Cannepnena W seman a ce6a vacts [pata Dnwra, KoTOpy!O B paiiove nponitsa Ckareppak menay Hop- terion u Ommanane noppeynan Weep. ce yrpo 31 man o6a dynova poicxanh no mopie. Anrnaane HesoyMeRanv: kaxin nos naxx pannonepexeaTa te ino. Fpynna apyanpana BarTH (5 nM tevin xpecepos, 5 nerxnx kpeiicepo 30 acmunhies) nponiomana nowneHie Ha nepexsar Xwnnepa Bcrperunice onM cmyvanwo. Mexay aexanpamn sarecancn “arch napo- oni. Cannitcxoro nerxoro Kpeticepa afanaren 3aMeTHnn, 0 er. ROCK "piB2er HeMeUniit 2emnveU Araxa ne no npaswiam Boinauanca snnonosnleTpetberonono- JyBHN nepectpenkoA HerKHx KpeMicepos. Ero.onncatine MoxHo Halim ao MHOMeCTBe iCTONMHIKO®, TaK TO OCTaHOBHMCR MMS a HecKONKIX Bab MOMEHTAX. Barra nonaran, 40 Hemubt Geryt, NO- TOMY OH npHKa3an yBenMunTe CKOPOCTS, ‘neue Ha napannenHih Xunnepy KYPC M cTpowreca 8 6oesorh nopanoK ~ neneHr. Vine npenmyuectso 8 OcHoBHBIK ‘ynaprex cnax (6 mmneinix Kpeiicepos. ‘potas 5), oH Haneanca Ges npo6nem BuNrpaTe aprMnnepnicKyio AySnb, 33- MenmuT> apwxeHne Xwnnepa mW AO- >xgaTeca nonxopa [meno c masHeimn coennnennamn. B 15:40 sarosopann opynus.rnastoro Kanv6pa. ‘Tyr m crasanace cna6an nogrorosKa aurnnicxnx axunanel Va-2a HeBepHoro vicnonveHia Koman burt 6puTaHubs He ‘morn noctpowTeca 8 Goesoi nopanoK. wmesume Ha soopyxeHMn 13-moinmosyio aprunnepinio, cmornn actynute 8 60¥1 Tonbko Nepes 20 may B posepuienwe scero nw pacnpe- enennn uenet mexAy aHrnnicKnmn KopaGnamn npozouwna nytaHua, ® pe- aynbraTe KOTOpOM repMaHcKAt Kpeitcep eDlepirunireps oxazanca Bie o6crpena W HOKOMNO Ben OroHD. BpMTaHcKHe Ka- HoHiNpb. He TonKO HeBepHO onpeslenMin ‘AaNbHOCTE WM RENM CrOH «@ MONOKO», HO euje w nyTann, sion cHapages KyAa NOMATCA, Hemup: npicrpenaniice MonHNeHOCHO. Oco6enHo ycnewHo Ben oroHb «ox Aep Tani, crpenaBuinit no KoHYeBOMy aH raniicromy Kpeficepy «Munedarureiiim. Ha etbipranuatoi manyre Goa Gpw- ‘Tavey Nonyunn HeckonoKo nonanaHHi iapagoa Kpynioro Kann6pa, nepesep- Hynica w 3aToHyn. 1017 wenoBex norwén, eTBepbim yaanioce chacrce. Mlocne sroro «ox nep Taxi» nepeec oro Ha Kpelicep «Kyun Mepit, no KoTOpomy yxke i TaK Ben oroHb «/lepd- uarep», B 16 uacos 26 munyr & «Kym Mepi» lonano WeckonsKo cHapAAOB KpyNHOrO kann6pa. Benbixayn noxap. M eapyr pas- ‘AANA BapHIB No YeHTPY Kopnyca M4 HIDKE aN savepnunun, Tan Haxomuunice aprno- rpe6a. Kpeicep pasnomnnca nononaM saronyn. Cnactves He ypanoce npaKr- eck Hikomy. Burra 8 nakiKe npwKazan a nOMHOM XOAY HATH K MaBHOIM CHAM, ‘axe He nbrTance cnactu TOHYUIM. Crone ycrewmoe jevicrene repmancnmx xanounpos noseprno 8 WOK abrnuiicanx Marpocos Mm ofmyepos. XorA HeNHOrHe cnacumeca ¢ «Ky Mepit> acnomniann, STO nepen sspbisow, nory6neumM wx opa6ns, cHo agen cnen or Topnes. 310, Kak rosopuTcr, Gina aTaKa He No paswnam, KoTOpan He yknanHEanaCe 8 ronoeax akanemmsieix Cprranues, fcnw Weep pewinnca vcnonssosare oRBORHY!O NORKY 8 CpaMeHMN Hap- Bonk CYAO8, TO 3TO NoNCTAHe BHO osu cnosom 8 MopcKOM nen. HH 10, i nocne Ha Takoe He peulanca Hino. [lo- ROGHEIA NpMeM TPebyeT HeMbiCAMAMOrO Yposna suiysnst sxnaNa nonsoAHOft nonRM w Gecnono6Horo xnanHOKpOBHR. Weep m Xwnnep, npecneays Burra, arwsynice Ha [pana Onur M 6bicrpO ROWAN, TO He OHM «"lojiManiy acre Spmrancroro nore, a caMM yronMnM 8 nosyuny. Hemysi, ecrecrBeHNo, He xoTenn maT 8a-GaKK M OTOPBANMCD OT Aaxenninxo nom mpuxpertveM aTaKn 9c unyes.u psimoeor 2aBecs Cunni cropon NOT OTKPbITOrO MOPA 16 nMHKOpoE, 5 nuHetinenx Kpeiicepoe, 6 6poneHocues, 11 nerknx xpeticepos, 61 scmmneu, TPAHA OMT 28 nmnKopos, 9 nunevbrx Kpevicepos, 8 GponeHocHbix xpericepos, 26 nerkwx kpeiicepos, 79 ScMNHYeS.‘Tepann 8 stom cpaxenun, Goin gnarman Xunnepa - nwneinoiit Kpeitcep «hotyom. On nonywnn 24 nonajannn TmKenbIMM cHa- Panama, Me coxpanunocs HH onMo’ ManctpoiiKy, aprunnepna we peiicrsonana, Kopnyc npmian 8000 TOM Bopp. Tem He mene Xwnnep xoren ocrarpcr Ha ceoem gnarmane, GyxcuposaTe KoTopbiit ye He Gbino HuKaKoil BOsMOx- HocTn, Okono 2 vacos Hou emy sce 2Ke npmuinoce nepeitra Ha Apyroe CYANO, a cFhoTyOB» Tyr Ke saTOHyn. Mauesp Ileepa Knioveabin — MOMeNTOM — cpamenin ora crate norona Tpaq Onwra 2a ocHosHbimn cHnaMn ~npoTABHKa. AN mmumave, npebueasume @ Geuencree oF CMUIKOM GombUINK, NO HX MEHHNO, rept, Kak 6yArO orepanin ronoRts nosa6eisann Bce, Yemy Wx yuunn. Ha- Ipnmep, sMecto Toro, wro6e aasmtaTe Iepecrpenky OPYAMAMH rnaBHoro Ka- -nu6pa, no KoToptins6puranyel wen NO- ytopakparHoe npesocxoactso, Burt Inpwwasan araxosatb nporMeHinna 2c- ‘wnt, Ha aTy abaniopy yuno oKono Aeyx sacos, Ho 2OMAHUB, ecTecTBeHHO, Tak M He CMOrNMN AOrHaTe KONOMHY s- veibox KopaGiie ‘A panuute Uleep ¥ wemeukne MopaKn ‘onorn cgenaTs. npaxtaveckn Hes03- Momoioe: passepiyreca & cTOpoHy BOEHHAR HCTOPHA ‘coomx 633 np >ToM oTOpsaTEcA OT Hacenaswero npoTHstnKe. Boinonkint osopor «ace Bapyr» Ha 180 rpanycoB ‘Mes CROMHO M 8 MMPHOE BPENA NPM ‘cnoxoiiHoM mope. 310 cumTanocs CoMBM ‘comin maHespoM — TO BO BpemeHa apycnoro nora, “ro 8 anoxy 6pone- Hocues. Kramm, Meo 2TOT MaHesp, He ynauHo sbinonHeHHbin paHuysamn pM Tpabansrape, paspywnn KonOHAY an mpana Buneiesa W nossonnin HenbcoHy pasGnT> npesocxonmujero npoTHBHIKa No wacram. Tak S70 repMancKni nor oKasanca ‘nyuuue NoprorosneH We TonKO B MaKe BeneHHA CTpenb6.i, HO M.S YMeHN Ma- Heepmposats. pn 3TOM HYKHO ySi- ‘TeipaTe, WTO HeMLaM Hit Ha CeKYHAY He Iipwxonwno ® ronosy GexaTe oT npo- TweHMKa — sce peficreMA Ginn non wuneHbt KenaHW Weepa HaHECTH aH: rnusanam Kak MOXHO GonbuuMe noTepA, To ecTb BuinonHiT nepsoHavanbHbit nna. Ewe asarass 3a cyt leep ma- Heepamu nbsranca pasnenarb akrnnuan araKosaT» HeGonbulne CoenHHeHIA, HO yenexa He nmen, Cxopee scero, eMy Goi ynanoce saaymannoe, ecnn Gti 8 CocTas ero ¢pnota He 6binn eKMoUeHD! ycTa- pesuine Kopa6nn Tlo ceoeit ortesoh mouym M GpoHHpO- jsaHinio OHM OcTaBAnce snonHe KOHKY- pevTocnocoGHtimn, HO cKopocTe xona Guina wx ynsenmem Mecrom. OHM HE ycnesann 3a OcHOBHbIMM cAnamn ora, woxnpwxoAMNoce aT HM NPAKPEIEATD, HecKonko pas HeMUaM NpmuNoce co- Sepwars Wa6uTouHie HesannaHMpo- Bahtibie maHlespbl. OAHaKO CBO pon, TCTs W npakTAveckh EHO caMOyBNt- CcToeHHex Ayanet c OpwTanuan, onM cuurpanw. Peiinxapar Llleep, agmupan (1863-1928 rr.) Hawan cnyx6y 8 1879 ropy, 38 esppisHoh xaparrep _nonysnn nposemuje Apavnuestit B06; Ao- ‘cayxueuice AO apMmpana, 6bin possan Yenoaenom 8 menesHoit ‘macke 32 npnsepwennocte ancui- rnnune. 3a Wrnannexoe cpamenne B 1918 roy ssuuen 8 orcraexy. Anrnmaiie Toxe ebinyxgenbt Grin yeennuns xon, Tak WTO OTcTann W Wx. kopa6nv aoapemMoytHoro Tana. Ho OHM loveMy-TO Cran peickar 0 paliony, '8 KOTOPOM passopaunsannce Mpecne- Ropar M Nepectpenk, BMECTO Toro, \UroBbI BepHyTECA ROMOM, Zo mocnemuero cuapaza TlocrenemHo cpaxeHme paaeannnoce Ha OTfenbibie CTBMK M MpopsionL B Tore GpyTanysl cMornn «oTnoBiTe> HecKoNbKO YCTaPeSLINK HEMEUKINC KO- paGnen m omnpasuts ux Ha AHO, TO NO- 3BonMNO HeMHoro cpaaHATe CueT NoTepE, Ho Weep yeen dpnor Ha cBom Gasbl. AH- rniane xOTS no3AHO, HO COMMUNIC puctynann x npecnenoeaHio lWeepa Ho,80-nepsbix, 6bino ye Teno. A, 20- SBTOpEX, BHAMMOCTS M Ges Toro GuIna OT BpamnrenbHan. Zavactylo HaGmogarenn W caMM MopaKH He Mornin noHATS, Heit epen HinMn KopaGnb Mn be HMeHHO cyano ropur. B KOMUe KOHYOS HeMMaM npHUNOce 6pociTs ceon ycrapesume 6poHeHOcuts,Qaeug burt, 1-i rpad Burt, agmupan (1871-1936 rr.) Ha cnynGe ¢ 1884 ropa, Goin W3- pecre muunoit xpa6pocroio, ¢ Gonbuow exoroh yuacrsosan 0 eex 6omx M croWKax, Boesan 6 Cynane, Kurae, Goin aeamnot paren. B 29 ner cran cameim monopsiM KanwraHom GpwrancKoro nora (cpeannh wospact Kanmranos co- ‘crasnan43 ropa). B 1916 ropycmenun Ho Wx SkiHNaMKH 4eTKO NOAH M XOPOWO BEINONHUTK CBOID nocnenHIOI 3anauy: No Mepe BO3MOXHOCTH NPOPHIBATECR B Bon rasaHv, np 2TOM abinoAHAA pon IMMaHOx, M 3anepxnsar> aHrnnuan Ha- Bnpouem, cam Weep, m HeMHorne LBUOKMBUIME MOPAKM C 3THX CyAOB AOCTO- ‘BepHOCT Taxoro nipukasa ocnlapneaior, O MTOTM Mi NOTEPH ‘Avenmane norepann 3 nuweiinbix xpeiicepa, 36ponienocnsocxpeiieepa n 82cmMHues (Bcero- 111 000 TOHH BORO- vamewjenns). Morw6nn 6784 mopaKa, 8 Tom acne Xyan ApGernot. Hemupt maumnnce 1 nM elinoro Kpeficepa, 1 6ponenocua, 4 nena mpelicepos w 5 scmmnues Tepmanwu cooTHowlenme notepb, crparermueckn = @—gbIMTpEUe eM crano vabecrHo co cnos poacraeH- HanKos norMOUMNx. Onwol wa xapakrepHeix epr 1Or anjicKoro cpamenun crana OMecto- MlenHOCTE, C KOTOPOM MOPAKM c ObeHK TopoH Benn Goi, - nae 8 caMoi Ges Hagemnol crryalvin HH OANH Benen He Oban cnyweH. Okono 2 wacoe How 1 woKn gnorHnAR anenuicanx acKanpeHHDK MMHOHOCUES sbickouNna ve TeMHoTs! Ha repMaHcKnt 6poHenocey «lomMepHe, AHrnMuaHe nonwann curvan: «CaaBairects. Kyp- cosoit yron ana TopnenHott araKn 6tin upeansim, y HeMua He Gsi0 WAHCOB He TOnbKO YKNOHMTECR, HO M BHOKITD, TeM He menee eflowmepH» oTKasanca cnhycTits ‘nar w ormpein oroH.Oxono 20 Topnen 8 CcuwTanntie cexynas npespaTunu 6poHe- Hocey orHeHHst wap. M2 600 uneHoB OMAHA He BEOKN HIETO, Taras oe cyGa nocrarna SpwraHcxnit xpeiicep «Bnek pues 08 HeoxiAaHHo sbuwien K HeMeuKoMy ApenHoyTy 8 oviaouyte OBnOMKN. Oxono 5 4acos yrpa crano noKATHO, sro Weep yeKonbaHyn oT Gpwranues. ‘Corn po6pareca n0 633 name nony- JaTomenHbie MMHKOpD «MonvTKe> Beignmyp, B Kpiravecnnit MomesT 1x mepexona wm acTpeTMnncs OpwTaHcKne AApeawoytecTangepep» w <2pxnnKopT» ‘OnwaKo 6pwranupi Tak W He pucKHynA ‘BTQKOBATH TANENO NOBPERACHHBIE KO- pa6ni nporWaHuKa, HacTonbKO OHM 6biNA Nariyratit MeTKoCTEO crpemb6s! rep- aHckmx apTannepHcros. Korga axrniickomy aammpany Burra Ronomunn 0 TOM, WTO HeMeUKHIA not ywen Aowo!, oH nosTopin pay, npo- HeCeHHyo 6 caMoM Havane cpameHi t4ro-To He Tak ¢ Haw YepTOBEIM KO- aGnamins. A noTOM noGaBMn: «4rO-T0 He ‘Tak cHawieh eprosoi cucreMotb. © Mapx ANBTINYAEP ocranuce alirnmuane. Curyayun Ma Mope nocne 1OrnaHAa He usme- Hunacb - repmancKnit nor Tak u ‘ocrapanc” Wa cBowx GasaXx s10 KOHUA Bolte m nepewien K noqeoAHoit Bolte. Bonee Huxro He peuianca Ha ‘macuraGpte mopexwe cpamenna. YOrnang 8 yenom nopsen vepry lop rocnopctsosaswie 6 Te ronbt BOeHHO-MOPCKOM AOKTPHMO!, cO- rmacHo KoTOpolt _peuiwrenbabiit yenex nomen Gbin 6bire gocrurnyT 8 reHepanbHom cpameHnn. HOBMHKA! Dae LEY Bestid pion nae Bi 30n0TO Sea Vi eQMHCTBeHHaA B Poccuu ra3eta, NocBAljeHHaA KpymuMuany BMCTOpuu JlerengapHpie npectynHuku, rpomKue yronosHbie ena W3HaMeHMTbIe CbILINKM. Y3uaiite npasay 0 3aragqOuHDIx noKyweHuAx, 3aropopax, 6byHTax wonepauax cneycnyK6. B ka>kom Homepe: ckaHBOpA, ropockon, AeTeKTMBHbIN paccKa3. CGE er Ta Ct) a BOEHHARMCTOPHA 27ANY [ae Menus BUTB coxme mpu Ibraresx (@ cexrra6px 479 roma 70 x. 3.) Bro. cronkioserine peuino rpexo-nepowncxyx sofik M-nonoxno owe Mpirsaanwmm yapa KeepKca Ka Bnaqpivectso Han Snnapoii. [na Toro «706s noGenwTe owlero spara, Abul wt Capra oTmoxunn coon naseurte acnpt W OBseRMUH CHM, WO Aaxe Wx cosMecrioe sock 6uno ropasno Menbue necMerieox nonsnul nepcnn Boficka pacnonomanaiceapyr HanpoTMe ‘pyra no Geperam pexn Acon. Nocne He- combkix cTbiveK niepcaM yganoce nepe KpoiTs FpeKaM AOCTYN K BONE M BBIFYAMT: Wx Hayare orcrynnenne. YcrpeMneUIMce B Oromo, Nepee! HaTKHynMcy Ha MECTKIA OTMop onHoro va cnapraHcKin< OTPAROB, Cocrapweroca 8 Tiny. pH 3ToM 6tin yout epangcKni soeHavambHnK MapnoHni, ‘WTO cMMHO NoROpEANO GoeBOA AVX ero apwuu, YaHae 06 ycnexax cnapranyes, ocranbible rpeveckne orpanit pe nar W KOHTpaTakosar. 8 Gerctao, Gtina 2axara B Co6cTBeHHOM narepe m nonHocrsio nepeGura. Cornacro cangerenscray Teponora, *v3Hb palin TonbKo 43 THicRUN NepCARCKIN onHOS Nnof KoMaHnOsaHneM ApTaGax, KoTopbie noGoAnnce acrynaTe & 6oit co chapranyamn m cGerann, Croponsi m omanayroume: Coios rpeveckix ropogos —Nascanii, ‘Apnea, Tepowa~ Mapgonni ‘Cunsi cropo: Tpexa— 110 Tecnu Flepce!— oKono 350 Tsien (120 Taica¥ no cospemenntim ‘ouenxam) Mlorepu: Fpexn— oxono 10 rca Flepcei~257 Te1ca (oKon0 100 Teens Ro cospemenHbin oueHKar)Bwrea mpa Kamrax @anrycra 216 roma yo x. >) Kpynielwee cpanenne BropoitFiyui- ‘ecko soit cTano Tpmyinbom Kapoa- Tencxoro nonkosonia TannGana Bapnn Alo storo om yme Aan onepNBaN pyniie noSenbs Han ropayMN PHM: nawamn — y Tpe6vm 1 y TpaswmeHcKoro: ‘sepa Ho ka aToT pas mutrenn Bexoro ropona peu Aare omnop 3a80e- saemo, Aepsxo sTopruiemycn 8 Virannio. Nipomme nynwiyes Geino ABHHYTO ‘orpominoe Boiicko non KoMaHjoBaKieN foyx puciinx xoncynos. Punnawe npe- BOCKOAMNH KapMareHcKHe cMnbI NO KON vyecTBy Gonee 4em 6 Ba pasa. ‘Onnano ace Geino peweHo He wAcnoM, 2 ymenew, fanni6an yweno paccraann sovicra, cocpenoToune & YeHTPe NerKyIO nexory, a va Gnanrax pasmecTns Ka epi. Npawsia Ha ce6A assis ynap aunas, ep nposannca. B 270 penn nykiicxan KonMMua nponaenna Barve naira, m yenexumecn Hacty- InnevweM nerHonepHl OKazanNce BHYTDA Bornyroh Ayr m3 can nporManna, Bexope Ha Hix OBPyUMTACe BHEBANHE yap o6onx dnanros nc Tana. Oxa- 3aAUce 8 OKPY>KEHNM M BnaB ® NAHAKY, Dimickoe Boi tino pasrpomneno Ha ronosy. B swncne pow norw6 KoHCyn yun Sun Tlapen w 80 pmo ce- waropoe. Croponti Komanayiouyne: Kapéares — lantn6an BapKa, Marap6an, Maron Pumickan pecny6nuka — Nywii Smunnit flaven, fat Tepenynh Bappow Cunst cropou: Kapdaren ~ 36 Toca nexormiues M8 TeIcRY BCaRHAMKOR Pumnane ~ 87 Teen conpar Totem: Kapdaren ~ 5700 yGuromx, TO TeicAY paeHbix Punnae ~ 01 50 0 70 Teicay y6urexx Bursa mp Yanmare (260 rox 70x. 3.) B Havane Il Beka Ao H. >. KitTalicKoe apcteo Uwe noxopano cocegeft onHoro 3a apyrum. Sinus cesepHoe uapereo Uxoy cMorno oKazaTe. ce bestoe conpormenene. Mocne He- cKonbRux ner sainorexyuyx 6088 ‘Npmwno BpeMa pewawouiel GuTBd! Mexay STHMA AByMR conepHAKaNA. Haxanywe reHepanbHoro cpaxenia W Unie, 0 Ynoy zameHnnn rasHoKo- maHAyiounx. APM YKoy Bo3rnasHn monopoi crpater “Kao Ko, ornuHo Masui BoeHFyIO TeOpMIO, HO coBeD- esto He mMeswHi oneira Goestix eficTeMil Unb xe nocTaswna 60 rmase ceowx can Bait Xn ~ Tanantnngoro ‘onsimHoro nonkosoAua, sacrymMBterO penyraunio GeamanocTuoro yOniiust IMscnnna, He Benarowjero noUyaRs. Batt Xi nerko o6manyn HeonsimHoro conepnika. Viwuraposae orcrynnenve, OH 3aMaHnn apmitio Koy 8 ySKyIO opryio AOMMKY M 3anep TaN, nepexpHIe ‘sce nepesansi. B Taxi ycnosMAX name eGonoume orpanet Lym morn non- oct GnoKnposaT> apMnio _npo- "TweHia, Bce nonsiman noaTH Ha npOpEIe 6tann Geaycnewnten. Npocunes 8 ocane 46 ane, crpanan oT ronona, apna Uomoy cnanace & nonkom cocrase. Bait Xi INpoRBAN HeCHEEXAHHYIO KECTOKOCTD - NO ero npiekaay 400 Teen nneHHAKOB GANA aaKomanel 8 3eMm0 xnBdeM. OmyWeHD! Gtinn cero 240 venoseK, WTOGH OHM ‘Morn pacckazaTe 06 3ToM noma. Croponet m Komanayiouyne: Une ~ Bai Xi, Baw X2 Ubxoy — Plate Mo, 4ixa0 Ko Cunsicropou: Uns ~ 650 TecH “pxoy — 500 Tees Norep! Um — oxono 250 Teens Ubxoy ~ 450 Tees xa Kynwxozom nome (8 cewra6ps 1380 roa) Wiwenino a Kynmkosom one o6y- eamennoe pyccoe sDicKo enepenie Nanecno coxpyuinrensiioe nopaxenine pesocxonAunm cian Oppet. C aT0ro momenta crano Aco, To CeMnoi PyceRIK KHRPRECTE NPHIETEA CSHTATECR BCEDDER 8 70x ronax XIV BeKa mocrosceni kuAsb ZmaTpHi VeaHosny HaHec He- xOMBKO MENKAX, HO. NyBCTEMTENDHK nopaxerini TemaKy Mawalo, np: osracnauleny ce6n rapon ZonoToh pas. Yro6e yxpenure cao} snacts nipncrpykinrs pacnoAcaBuimxcn pyaar, Mana ain Gonbwoe BoA na toro ss0611 npoTusocronTe. ny, Ammrpme Veanosmsy npmunoce npo nro wypeca anruoMaTIM, cO6NpaR cova. Mace pasho co6panvian pare Guna dmentuie oppor aati yap nownana Ha ce6a Bonsuof nonku Nonk nesoh pyr. ceva Geina HactomKo xapKAR, 0 Goma nipmxonvnoce cronre nano Wa Tpynax ~ seman Gio He BYAHO. DpoHT pyccKHx Bolick enea He 6H NPopsaH, HO OHI ace me cwornn nponepxarec fo yaapa 8 MoHTORBcRMA THN 3acaAHOTO NOM. 310 crano nono HeORNAAHKOCTEO ‘ana Manan, Koropsit He nopywan o TOM, ‘061 ocrasiTs pesepe. Ero BoricKo O6- patunoce 8 6erctao, a pycerne npecne ‘osannw Gann Geryux oKono 50 Bepcr. Croponoi n xomanayoune: Cov pycerx xinecrs — Awurpani Zloncxoi, Ayanrpiit Bo6poK, Bnagwnanp Xpabpi Bonoran Opaa Manat Canes cropon: Pyccxwe ~ exon 70 eens ‘Oppennues—oxono 150 rca Toreps Pycerne —oxono 20 Toca Opps oxono 130 Tec BOEHHAS HCTOPHATymycKas. (1 cerra6ps 1449 roma) MosronscKan qunacran Cesepnan Oats HaGpana 8 XV sexe Hemanyio cuny W He Goanace conepHnvate ¢ Moryie- CTBeHHOM KuTacKOR MMnepMe MH. Bonee Toro, MoHronsexuit nie 3coH- Taliwin soshamepwsica sepayth Kira non sacs CeBepHon 1OaHs, Kak aro 6uino np Yanurucxane, Tlerom 1449 ropa HeGonsuioe, Ho oT- ‘ANYHO MopFOTOBNeHHOe MOHTONLcKoe BOACKO BTOprnoc> Ha TeppuTOpMG Kran. Hascrpeyy emy asinnynace orpomnan, HO Kpaline nnoxo opraHin- sosannan apmun Mitt, KoTopoi Ko- MaHnoBan umneparop Lpxy UmoKen, 80 BCeM nonarasuNlich Ha coBeTBi PnasHoro eskyxa BeAOMcrBa puTyanos: Ban xoea. [pm scrpeve apm 8 mecr- oct Tymy (cospemenian KuraiicKan Aposmnums Xy63A) BBIACHANOCe, TO. kwTafys! soo6we He npeacrasnnict, \ro nenats ¢ cynepmoGunbHoit KOH- Myer MoHTonOS, HaHOcMBUIeA MonHI- eHOCHBIe yAapbt & CaMbIx HEOKMAIBHHBIX mecrax, HikTo He nloHMMan, 470 Aenat> WB KaKe Goeabie NopAAKH cTaHO- aureca. A MoHronts, Kazanoce, 6binn ‘oaHoBspemeHHo noscioay. B pesynerare apmua Mun Gina nepeGura nour Ha- onosnty. ¥ MoHromos xe noTepM Gti HesHauMTenbHEle. Baw UXOHS orn, 2 wanepatop nonan 8 nneH. Npapaa, non- Hocrbwo sa60esaT» Kuta MoHTonaM TaK wie ynanocs, Cropoxot m Komanayouine: Cepeprian IaH — 3coH-raviwn ‘Yoanepian Minn ~ Ly Umeonert (Cesepian IOan — HenssectHo ‘Minn ~Gonee 200 Tec. 30 BOEHHARMCTOPHA Mopcxne cpamenun 8 ciry cee cneundin peaKo 6s18a00T OveH> KpO- sonponmstan. OnvaKo Gurea npw Me- MaHTO v3PRAKO BbINeNAeTCA Ha OGUIEM done, 30 Geno ono v3 rnaBhx cron- KHOBeHMi CBAUYeHHON nur (colW3a Ka- Tonmieckm rocyapcrs, —cosnannoro sna Gops6u c rypeuxol axcnancied) co Bonn rnasiis 8paron. Asa _orpowmx nora, manespnpo saou 8 Cpemmaenton Mope, SCTE Tunhce HeOxanho HenonaneKy or Bxona 2 Marpaccati sane - 860 konomerpax oT ‘pevecxoro ropona NenaiTo. M33 Toro, sroscenepecrpoeninnnenanncsHaBecrax, Tmensie Typeykve ranwore OTcTaNM, ‘ocna6ina por. Ten He mene TypKaN ynanoce oxpyrarts nese dae rt. HO ocronssosaTscR NPenMyUleCTEOH OHH He ‘ort ~y enponeyes oxazaniice once ‘aimee nnorouncnevnive Gopaarcie owarqotepenom 8 cpa wacryran focne Toro, Kak 8 Nepectpenke 6bin yOur Typeunini norosoney Anve-nawa, Er Tonoey nonkAnt Ha AnMHHO nKe, noche sero cpenttTypeuRinx marpocos Hawarac raya, Tax Espona yavana, uT0 Heno6e- Avie peste TyPOK Wom Gime KaK Ha yee Tax Ha mope. Croponet w komanayiouyn CCanwiertian nnra - Xyan Aacrpuiicrnit ‘Oowatickan wmnepna - Anv-nauia ‘Cunt cropor ‘Cenujesian nnra = 206 ranep, 6raneacos, ‘Qcwatickan uminepinn - oKono 230 ranep, oKono 60 rannioToB Tlorepm: ‘Canujestian nia -oKono 17 Kopa6neit M9 Teica4 enoseK ‘Ocwatickan wminepinn ~ ‘oKono 240 xopabneti 30 Teicau wenoaex cpanenne cunranoce Kpyn- Hein B MMpOBOA UCTOpHN erMOTe AO Tlepsoi wmposori sovines. Vsrnanoit Ws Poccun Bovanapr He Tepan Hagexabt ynepxare cpoe snagvecTso Han ES Ponoit. OpHaKo ocenbo 1813 rona non Tleiinusrom emy npruinoce scrpeTaTecn ¢ MoUIHEIM CHNaN HOBO KoanMyMA, ‘maple ponn s KoTOpOF urpanx Poccan, ‘Ascrpna, Wseuna n Npyccna. Bursa npononmanace eTspe AHR, 3 370 speun nanbwa yaaun He pa3 nepe- XORWTA WYK 8 pyKaA. Beinn MoMeNTe orna kasanoce fake, TO yenex BOeMHOFO rena Hanoneowa Hewsbexen. OnHaKo 18 ‘oKTROpA cTano NepenowHim. Yenewnbie ‘Reficrenn Koannyyn va gatirax novecHwna ‘Opanuysos. A 8 ueHTpe ana HanoneoHa aspasnnace Hacronulan KaTacrpodba = 8 pasrap Gor caKcovcran qvaianA nepewna Ha cTopony oanyin 3a Heli nocnenosamn MACH ABYTUK repMaHCKAK KHANECTE. B ppesynsrare 19 oKrAGpa crano AHEM CyM- SypHoro oTcrynneHMA HanoneoHoBCKoi apn, Jefinynr saHANn cre! KoaniN, a Carconna Geina noniioctb ocTasneta ‘panuysann.Boxope Hanoneok noTepan a -Rpyrve repMatie KHAKECTBA, Croponsr w xomanayioune: lecran armmanoneonoscran roannwin ~Kepn Ulsapuerepr, Anexcanap |, Kapn BepHanor, Fetxapa don Bnoxep panuysckan MMnepHA — Hanoneon Bovenapr, iene Hei, Onocr ae Mapuon, 1O3e$ NornroscKwit Cunvi cropor: Koanntym—oxono 350 tens panna — oKono 210 Toca Tlorepu Koannun oxono 58 acm pant oono 80 TuensBursa a3 ‘oon 1863 Toma) Dro cpanenie He BLITRAT CnAUKOM yme snevatnaiouym. Gonbwan acto noreps — 210 pavenbie u nponaeume 6e3 ecru. YOnTa xe 6sinn cero 7863 ve- rnosexa. OnvaKo 2a ace spews [pam- AAHCKOM BoE B CWA 3a opHy GuTBy te norwéano Gonbiwe moneda. M 370 pA Tom, «ro cama Boia cuMTaeTCA OAWOR ys cae KPosonponuTiix 3a cI MicTopite, en cuMTaTS cooTHOWeHNe onmuectea NOrWEWINK K O6uYeMy WAC nacenenna. Ceseposnpaxnuckan apmua Konene- ppaunn non KoManosaHiem revepana In Cronxitynace ¢ Noromakeroi apunettce- aepan nog fermacBeprom HeoKMAaHHO. ‘Apnun cGnioxanuch OveH» OCTOPOMHO, G0 aaesibieance MeWsy OTAETEMEIN ‘orpram, Crawana yenex conyreraosan roxatian, 370 camuom yenoKouno Si, OTOpusti HeBepHO OUeHM HANCTeHHOCTE rnpotuatinka, OnaKo Korma eno ROWNO {RO nnoTHOTO CTONKHOBEHIR, CTANO CHO, To cesepane (KoTOpbIe K TOMY e 3a- wana oGoponmrenctyio no3Muyno) Cnsiiee. Wamorae cBo1 apMio.TypMOM yxpennennsoc nosnyn, Siw nonetranca emposounposare npoTHBHiKa Ha. KOH "parany, Ho He npeycnen. B pesynbrare on orcrynin, TonbKo HepewnrrensitocTe resepana Muga cracna 2pminio 1oxaH OT omioro yaMwroxeHin, Ho BomHa HNAK ‘Gouna yxe npourpava. Croponbim xomanayroune: Coenmentbie Uirars Awepien — Aaxopax Mua, xox Pemnonoac Koubeneparasnise Ulrare: AMepuKn— Posepr iia ‘Cunbicropow: CUIA- 93 921 wenosex. KWA 71 699 venosex Tlorepm: ‘CUIA-23 055 wenosex KWA~23 231 uenooex Byrrsa wa Comme (1 mons - 18 non6pa 1916 roma) Grout ni cpasineare MHoroMecnLHyio conepauno co cpaxennamn, Anns: luMMNER OAMH NM HECKONKO AME? B 6urve Ha Comme norwGnn Gonee MAN- mona venoser, W oKOn0 70 THA H3 HD = nepenii me Aen, 1 mona 1916 rone, oTopbin Wascerma OcTancn snucaHiHtiM posassimn GyKEaMN CTOpMI SpA- TaHCKOM apm. ‘Aurnwsane chenann craeky Ha Mac cuposaruyio aptannepuiicayio nopro- Tosky, KoTOpaa nomxHa Gena paaMeraTe GopornrensHete nosnunn Tepmainn 8 nin, nocne ero GpuTackne M dpai- Luyscine cam poms Bou croKorHO 2anTe nnauapm Ha cesepe Opanuynn ‘Aprnogroroska ananace ¢ 24 moun no 1 mona, onHaKo ownaenoro ad>eKra He npimecna. Nepewemume 8 wacry- neve 6purancane wacra nonann now rynemeTHbil orom, KoTOpHNl ByxsamsHo OCIA Wx pangs. A HeMeUKHe CHafinepss formpuinn HacTomulyio oxoTy Ha obi Luepos (x Gopwa cunsHo sxenamace) Syre mae un nena y Spaniy305, wo ‘konexo Ws HamevenHbix uene. Bnepenm Guno verupe mecnya oMecTOYeHHioi oRonHOM Bore. Croponbi n xomanayioune: Axara (BenukoGparaninn w@panui) ~ yrnac Xebr, ‘@epantiana Dow, ep PoynecoH, Senne alton epmanua — Pynpext Basapcxii, Marc ou Fansanu, Opay dor Bene Canes cropor: Anranra ~ 99 ansusnit Tepmanna -50 aMBnaHh Mlorepu: ‘Astana ~ 623 907 venosex (oxono 60 Toca — 8 nepesii neHs) Tepmania — oKono 465 Tica (6-12 Toca - 8 nepesit nen) Koynieluiee cyxonyrioe cpaxenne 8 MCTOpMH NenoBeYeCTBA RENAETCA OHO- BpemeHHO M.camtim KpoBoNpOnHTHEN Cranmirpag 68 npueunnnaneHoi no snuveli ~ nponycran> spara sgece o3- tavano npowrpare Boy m obec\eNIT> Mone, cosepuleHHs coBeTCRHMMA con- Zaranu npn oBopoHe Mockse, nosToMy Ha Bcem nporaNeHnn onepauwn 6oH oT usanice Kpaielt oxecroueHHOCToO Hecmotpa Ha To ro 6omapamposKn mogreadse npesparann Cranwurpan, B py, a Boiicxa nporMskinKa cwornn zansTe OKoNO 90. nPoUeHTOB ropona, noGeavTe nM TaK m He ynanoce. UeHort HeseponTHx ycAnMi, 8 cROKHeMU YyonoBMRK FoponcKAK Goes, coseTcKiM BolicKam ynanoce yaepxare NOaMyMA Pane ocerbio 1942 roaa Havanacs MoproTosKa COBeTCKOM KOMTPATOKM, 19 HonGpa craprosana onepayin «pan, 8 pesynerare KoTOpOA ropon 6H oc soGonseN, a spar pasGur. B nnen Goin aaxsaventi oKono N10 TGA consat, 24 renepana m geneawapwian OpMApIe Mlaymoc. Ho Kynnena ara noGena Sina Aoporoit UeHOFE.. Croponi n xomanayioue: CCCP = Anexcannp Bacnnescnni, Hiaxonai Boponos, KoHcTaHTMH PoKoccoBcKMiA (Crpanis «Oc» (Fepmania, Pymbinia, Viranwa, Bexrpa, Xopsar) — Spine on Mahurres, Maxcumnnnnan box Betixc, Opmapixaynoc Canvi cropon: CCCP - 1,14 mane (386 Teica a navano onepaui) Crpattes «Ocit» — 987 300 venopex (430 Teicru Ha Hauano onepaymn) Tlorepm: CCCP™ 1 129.619 venosex Crpattes «Ocit» — 1 500.000 venosex BOEHHARUCTOPHA 31BHd019H BYHHBO8 KPOBABDBIE pine KABYI Crommua cospemennoro Adraxuctaxa, PaCnonoxeHHas BBICOKO BTOpaX, USBECTHA ax Kpymupii u Gorarstit wacenenustit nyHKT c MpeBHemumx BpeMeH. 3a Honrue BeKa cyllecrsosanuis vepes Ka6yn npoxarwmce JecaTKH BOmH 3aB0eBaTeNIelt - OT TpeKOB 156 Ro aurmran. HecnoxoiHo TaM MB Hall 2M, BOQ) 22h hi ssn yratepm cae anes aaa Yow rer 8 rope Sra oukan peor Ocaa panoramas ory OR m 32KOH4NnaCe TonbKO Tora, KOTHA FApHMSOH MYRPHBLINECR s YUTTanenM FopOxaHe BEINeprn OT ronopa M GonesHel. BAG tn tato acrestnr recone onncre May dvo sepa trope Psuech non jeapun panama Deperon wep Axemennios. og ero cTeHamu nt pasbirpanoce nocnegHee cpaxeHve. MiqHickKoe BoricKo Gbino vcTpeGneHo, a OcTaTKH lero ykptinnce 8 ropone. Nepcs, wane Ka6yn wrypmoM, npORaNk AceX OCTARWMXCA 8 KHBEIX ropOMaH B PaBcTEO. 329) etter ceca rou aon res op Mamet Tose Wp eerereat seem ate rgyem + He Ronyuitca, MaKeAOHYB! OnycTOWANH 3axRaNeHHile sen, Flocne Wx euaHTa 8 Ka6yn TaM OcTanocs ena MM HECKONKO COTeH mrrene’t AQ 2282 te°snocosvem ora Auer onan muncroro rocyapcrea Maypees, Oca serene moseuren sepa Ce ‘neekuytos He xenana paccrasaTecA C 6oraror NpOBHAUNel K NOCTORHHO NOcbiNaMM NloAKpenMeNNs.B KOH\e KOHUOB AWOKa NoTepAN Tepniehie v npuKasan nome ropon, B peaynsrare eny hocrTanoce nenennye M HeMHOrue yYeneBUINe FopowaHe. UGB eee tars cme come Sire Lesvan nt CTE RO een oe pers Hanopom rpexo-GakrpyitcKoro yapcrea, oTKonoBuIerOcA oF CeneBKig08. B pesynsraTe TpexAHeBHOrO cpaneNMA, WeAWeTO y CTeH ropona, agincxoe Boiicxo Geino NcTpeGneHo, a KaGyn HOCTAICR HoBLIM XO3ReBaN, 125 ei sieneoran se opecrncrek soc comm econ acy och yeas wei a ps op ‘xeaTolgan KONeBHHKA — 194K H CRMs. B70 roy NO H. >. KaByn nepewien nog ynpaBneNMe HAAO-CKNGcKOrO YapCTBA, HO KE Wepes 20 ner nocneanui rpevecknit npasirTens Tepe c nomoulbio KiTalicKoro reHepana Bab UyHa ocaann ropoa,Mlocne wrrypwa oH npHKaBan aahuTe Bcex rneHHEIX COMBAT HM KaMKAOTO HECRTOFO MupHOTO KATENA. AGO eaerentscem ia to nian tenons ofan pms noe 0 mension slo 8 Torn "peGno apauo nporuBHuKa, HOM ONyCTOWIKNO BCe OxPeCTHOCTA FOpORA. OcTaBLLMECR G KMBEIX KMTENIATONTA BCe yMepsI OT ronoga w snijemik orpoMHoe eolicko ocrasuno nocne ce6a nycroiHt, G3 nar ets coaies sor spntc seman oxpscier x Kaa orminors Sone sacs Aye Camypa. Bowne: waxa 2anaHnnn apaGos ® were 8 oxpectHoctax ropona. ITOHRG, 4TO M3 NOBYLKM He BbIPEATECR M NOTEPAB OKONO 25.000 nonos, apa6is cornacuinvics Ha YHMaMTeNbHIA Mp.8€ BMdOLOM KYHHEZOR 681 Tog Ka6ynom 6bino BHoBb pasrpomnelo BorICcKo apaGos — Ha 3TOT pad BCe YYeNeBUUMe 3axXBATUNKH BO rnaBe C HAMECTHAKOM MOH 3nagom. Ha Buipysky emy nocnewn 6parc 30-TcR¥HiM BoricxoM. Ho M Ta apxinR nonana B NOByuKy M Boia pasbTa. Wax Ka6yna rnpnwaaan waanue ecex ren. Oxono 12 000 venoBex nepe6unnpAMo y KpenocTHbx cre 698 san zomrarcstmai apascnnanecn Eainanna Ov co6pan4O-rcroe socio maropren Kamran nonpocann eMy noxyio wibopnauito, comacno KOTOpO apMiA axa OcTanace AaiexO Ha 2aaAe, 8 fOPOA FOTOS OTKpEATE BOPOTA. Ho Korma apa6wi nono x creHax Ka6yna, on oxaBanCcD MERAY AX OrHel: co CTeH OBPYUNNCR UNBAN CTPeA, aC Tena YAapANM WaXCKAe ofiexa. Ha ator pas agranups ne 6pann nevis ucrpe6unu acex Gea paa6opa. 87 Aikxy6 W6H Slevic m3 AnHactan Cadapniaos nocne Tpexmeca4Ho; ocaabi BAN Ka6yn, pasTpoMMe BOMICKO Waxa, FopoR NOABeprcA NO- ‘omy n pes. 99 Ka6yn nogeprcn ocape Co CTOpoHb! BONACK MMNepH rasHEBMAOR. NowTH ron NPOROMKANACE OCA; M CPaKEHUA B OKPECTHOCTAX Ka6yna,Nocne oxovanun uitypma He yuenen no\Ts Mikro Ua FaphHaOHa, aa OCAKAABILIX Ha HOrax OCTANACE EABA.NH AECRTAR act. Cnepnyioulme 200 net Ka6yn NOcTORHHO nepexoAMn 43 Pyk B PyKH. 12.20) Sieomrazezameswonor O ccatoronanana came pena opon 2 en -onyroU aK8 eckonexo net Ro 2T0r0 8 oAWOM v9 AraHcKIX NoxORO® NoTH6 aHyK YHKrHCxaHa log CTeHaMM FoPoRA Padeirpanoce cpaay He- cxonbxo oxecroweHNt0x 6479, KoTOpbIeGbINK BIMrpaNbl 2aBdeRaTENRINIL ApABCKHE eTONCH FOROPRT 0 TOM, TO Mog KaBynoM cnowUtn ronoasi nova 50.000 sonHos-uycynsian. 2TeM NocnenOBaN LITYPM K HeBMaHHAR NO KECTOKOCTA Pe3HA, ea He NOCTABMBLUAR KDECT Ha veropinn ropona. lane Wepea 120 ner ucnaMtckitxpOHMCTNHcaN, TO 8 Neorg BENAKOMFOpORE Tenepb MUBET ABA NK coTHR MUTeNel, a vapenka Haxopst npior HeBepHiies. BIpOEN, 8 CBOM ynyco! C NOBeAOM BepHYNace eABa NM TPeTe MOHFONSCKHX BOMHOB. 1737 Sreiznpors terran spn vos nase Hay ura, ocx eco ava Guo para ropa nace "pex Heslene ocaps nin 83 UTypNOM M paarpaGneN. HasMp-UAX NpMHK_S4N KABHHTE NO MGM CTONBKO ME FOPOKAH, CKOMKO otepan sonos 8 noxone, 9766 venoDe. 1 83 Bpino nonowkeHo Havano GoppGe 6pwrraHyes 3a rocnogcTso 8 KaGyne, GeisweM Ha TO BPEMA CTONMYeN HesaBMCMMOrO FOCyAapCTBA B Tpanvuax, GniaKvx x cospentenibim. [pn nonepaKke aHrniak Gein cBeprHyT wax floct MyxaniMen, & pesynbTate vero paspasnnace powacan cra, Een anrnwan norv6no Bcero nboe, To KaGynou NcTpeGIAINA APYr Aya TICRYaNN, ANETHNAHe TaK GORAACe NOHMKHOBENAR 18 Agranucran pycen, so He pa2 npeAnpmivotand Boenise asaHTIpH|, npHaRaHHNe nocrasHTe Ka6yn nop KOHTPoN®. OMI NpOxOAMNK cnepe- ‘Mev YenexoN, MOC Heua Meh KeprAaMM CpeAM MecTHOFO NaCenNeNIA (OM MCSMCARIACE THCSNAMH) M aNIMUaH (COHN) 19.26 Mstrneren reece yeepanesAnaynna a, un seonen core ore anc prc eNO noc erapan naira nogaepnxy B CCCP. Ho eer & Bops6e npoue akrnivay MOTH BeCe HaPOR TO Aa APYTHK yHKTA ero onvriut cranu npuunion GecKoneuNBrx 8aroBopoe, nepesoporoE u BOCCTAHW[HENA NPOCTHe MOAN, NOMAYEHCKHE, BOENKE, MURATA wgaxe Koponn. K anpemio 1978 roga, Korga BnacTb 8 Ka6yne 3axBaTMnM KOMMYHMCTbI, BO BHYTPeHHHx Gecnopankax, TONDKO No OdMUMaNbHDIM ‘anita ronbko 8 cronnye Aprancraka, norw6n0 Gonee 500000 venobeK. 1979 Meee 720 conercn:crewnronie 27 sean rournna ypu opis Tanne eminem cee Brac cross cmeHinace, y pyna ectan Ba6pax Kapmanb, a B AdrauctaHe Havanacb rpaxqaHckan BoiiHa. Ka6yn, xorb M He Gbin apeHoH oT- spore Boennx aeiicTe, Ho crpagan oT oBctpenos MoRaxEAIOS u pasHorO pone KOMTPTEPPOPHCTHYECKIK OnepaLW 1992 {tao sour wonraren ron manson Avan unra Maca, parerncao HapeaGyrsoraremce obec covoahixan, He chorno yeronro, a cakt Hajma6ynna Blin noseulex cpaay nacre apecra. & 6oAX 32 Ka6yn norW6m oxONO 50.000 ‘enoaex ~agrahicnve KOMMyHCTBI Mano YCTYNINN MORMAXeNAM 8 BiyuKe H anariaMe. Ho 8 Ka6yne Macyn yAepxance Nenaponro. Or6u8 typ ranuGoa 8 1994 ropy, ox neTepAn now BC ApH, a ABYMA FoRaleh NBME He CMOF OrpaatiT HacTynNeNne W Gexan Ha ceBep. Bnpowew, He yepmannce& Ka6yne W Tann6s, KoTopsix 8 2001 rony WarHann BovicKa HATO. B ropom cHOBa npMuen mux, onHaKO Ka6yn nepHo- ec cTaHORITCA MiUNi0 TepPOpHTHNECNIK aTaK Co CTOPOHE TaNMAGO® M APYFIX HCRANHCTCAIKFPYANMPOBOR.Bursa npu Barepnoo... Sto nocnesHee Kpymoe cpaxexme Ha- romeoua paso6paxo GyxsasbHo mo MuHyTam. Cumrraetcs, 470 Bowanapr mpourpast ero 3-3a HeymawHOit KanpOBOMt NOTMATHKHt neno#t Yepemst poxoBbIx cnyyaitocrem. VM ecrm 6s1 Hanoneon pasrpoMnn MpoTMBOCTORBLIK emy 6puTaHLes uM MpyccaKoB, TO Bes ucropys Espormst noma 6st 10 usdomy nyrw. Yro6st npose- MTB, TAK JIM STO, OTMpaBMMcs B MapT 1816 roga, Korfa BonanapT Ges enymoro sricTperia sans Tapyox, u xuTemM Crom! 6yK- BaJIBHO HOCWUIM ETO Ha PYKaX. Pa6ora wag oum6xann Virax, 1 wapra 1815 roa. Hanoneon, cBexas ¢ ocrposa 3ns6a, co cBoMM NanenbKi BOFicKOM BbicaAANCA 1 dpanuyscrom Gepery. C Tpmympom oF ‘Asmynca 8 cropony cronmubs. Koe-rne ‘oguyeperponnucrsnarrannce opraHin- soar» emy conpormanerie. Hanpunep, Ton TpeHoGnem npaswrenscrseHHoie fofiexa nperpannnn nyt «Bopyyran Bonanapra, Ogmuep, KoMannosasuini vn, oTKaanca npmusTe napnawen- repos Hanoneowa. Bor-801 oma Gouna ponersca pose... W tora cam Ha- roneok (eMy He oTKaMeus 8 MymecrBe!) opexan k BLiCTponBWNMCR 8 BoeBOr ROPAROK KOPONESCKHM BOFCKAM H NpO- vanec aHamewuryio gpaay: «Congr ‘naToro mona, eet ysHaeTe eawero mune- pparopa? Ecn Kr0-TO xoueT MEHR Y6uTb, To Bor # spec W xo1a Komannmp Benen congaram oT- pus oronb, Te apywo saxpinanm: fla anpascreyer wmnepatopl> TpeHo6nb, aK M ocTanone ropona, 6bin Bar Gea Goa, Ponncres ¢ nosopom Gexxanm. Ye 20 mapra Hanoneos Tprymbom Bowen BNapax. ThonoonK XVI, y6eran wa aoe cronmyss, ocrasnn » Ka6nnere Ha crone cexpetasii orosop Mpyccas, Ascrpnn w Bparanni, anpasnenHoit nporaa Pocam. Hanoneor, x cosy, oTocnan ero mmneparopy Anexcannpy |, HO Tor Gun crons GnaroponeH, ro pew He paapbieare oTHOUIeHMit co CBOMMA osapHiimn coosHmamn. A Tenepe — \meHHo C >TO TONKM Hawa MCTOPHA WneT no anerepHarnsHOMy nyt... UtraK, AnexcaNsp, nonysne. nocnanne Hanoneota, peuiaer: ero consHnkn NO axTHWanoneoHoBcKO — KoanMunn occas wwneparop Anexcohap peur, ‘ope crow o6nbaTe pavonoro me, ‘ode! auecroweropacnonanice Karel ‘npeganu ero, u Poccun tenepe He 6yneT lomoran —conepkikam — Bosanapra. occa crana sboKifaTe, Kak Hanoneon pasbepetca c Bpwraninel, Ascrpveli Mpyccneit. B xonye Konuos, Nerepéypry Hanoeno cpamareca 2a uymne MHTepects ‘A Boxianapr, nopo6Ho Tosapnuly Cranmny wa panexoro Gyaywero, 33- Guisaer npo crapsie Gab M noHMMaeT: ranppi peurawr ace. OH cymen ocra- Hosur Miopara, 8 Hawieli ucTopan 6po- ‘cnewieroca Ha panoctax oT Bo3epaujeHin wmneparopa soesar> c ascrpwiyamn, ‘Miopar sepxynca 8 Mapwx W Goin Ha-aHaveH HatanbHMKOM KaBanepAn (1 3T0 8 ‘RantiefuseM cuirpano npu Batepnoo pe- luaroulye pone). CnocobHeiiuni ws pat uyscianx mapuianos ~ flaey, KoTOpEIt & PeanbHoa uicropmm Obi ocTasneH 8 Tlapwxe, sanan aoctoitnoe mecto 8 felt ‘ctsyiowyeit apmin. Bepryyniice B paast BO- ‘eviavansHinkos Geccrpaunbie Heim Pann. ‘A.sor mapas [pywn m Opar Hanoneona >Kepom (ror can exopont Epema», KO- Toptiit 8 1812 roy eDinycTH” W3 OKPY- wxenwa Mawiero KHaaA BarpaTwota) 8 3TOM sapwaHTe coObiTHiA, Ha060por, ocrannce 6 flapxe w KoMnencuposann co6ctaeHHyio GesnapHocT BepHEIM Ciy- >xeNHeM BepHyBUleMycA MMneparopy. Upyroe Barepnoo 7 worst eoticra Hanoneowa acrpe- Twnuce ¢ 6pirranuamn y_ Barepnoo. Brea wavanact co wtypma $panuyaMn 3amra Yrywon. B OTMMNe OT peanbHOR crOpMK ero araKoBan He GesnapHeiA exopont Epena> npeapaTwaulnit crane- raIout maneep 8 SAMYeHTP CpaNeHAA, a Pann, cymesuini nocrarouro 6:icrpo SaXBaTHTo 3aMOK. BPHTAHCKAE BOCA ‘oreno 3ap0pouanitce ~ nocne Toro KaK ‘opanuyath aaxearwnn crpatermueck axnth nywKr, NpHxoAMNOCS nepecrpa- earcea, Kowrparann ycnexa He npH- HNocunn - dpanuysti NoATAHYRN K 2aMKy nywikn 4 GyKBanbHo BbiKaWMBaNM Kap: Teutio nacrynasunnx 6paTanues. Teneps yme He Hanoneok, 2 BennnHrToH, KO- angosaeuini 6pirancKO apawe, wb yale tin oTpasnay K YryMOH Bce Gone pesepeos, ocna6nan uesrp. Hanoneou HaGmogan 3a XonOM GwTeb ‘8 nonsopHyyio Tpy6y. Kak W3BecTHO, OH orga He CTpOMR hnaHEA NeAICTORUNX cpaxenni ‘Yene®, so anrmmvaHenocTenenHoBTA- wsaioTea 8 6oit 3a Yryor, oF ompasin yma nonrpennenne M nocenHoro ¢ Naxazom RepKaTECA RO focneAHero Bpwranyet nerranice oT6uTs 2aMoK ace Consus w Consume cian, a Ha- MioneoH wenen araxoRaTe YeHTP M neBoe xpsino Bennunrrowa. Nocnepkiit oF ‘npacun waoctpery eBopsyname TmKenyo xasanepino, pave’ CTORBLIyI 8 pe3epee, ‘nHaKO, 8 CBO OepeRD, HABCTDENY wa Spocanacs panuyscxan KoHHMUA nOA, ‘npensomienscreom xpa6poro Mopara. ‘Avmnwiicave xasanepucrst 326n31n 6 ‘pan (aTOpOF eM wen AOKAD, W 3ENNA Packncra) W crann nerkoit noGuuel paH- \ycroi Konus. Jena noKpacnena OT enoBeYeckOW KpOBL.. BpwrancKoe B0vKCKO _paccennoce BnaneKe Noneunace KoNOMHa: NpyCCKIX Bofick, cnewmeulan Ha noMoWI> co¥> tna, HO B10 Ye CAMUIKOM NOSAHO. Bpocan opyxie, anrnitane nbiTaniice cnactmes. Kro-To nanan nom yaapanin caGene panuyacrax kr0-T0 nopHinan Py Ho weap cere npyccann HaeepHaKa NOGbIoT paHuy30B, yTOMNeHHDIX MHO- rouacostim Goem? Huvero nogo6Horo. Kopnyc mapwiana Hea (8 otnmune oT 6e3- aproro Fpyun @ Hause ncropMA) Gec- pepbieno vamarsian ‘acta Bmioxepa HacroxaMm Kaganepwn. Hanoneow 2, suiexae nepea Ke7bIi GomGapaypoBUMIK B-24 «JIu6epesrrop». Ha 6opry camomera HaxonWICa NpeMbep-MMEMCTD SMMrpaHTCKOTO NOMECKOTO MpasMTenECTBa rexepant Braqycnas Cuxopcxuit u ene HecKomBKo maccaxupos. Bce on normGmm. 2B ireoname nectar 18 ak agouNan KaTactpoha noponwna woxectBo sonpocos. M rapist 3 Hix: Guin nm 3gece ToMbKO HecHacTHbl cry ‘vai? nn 3T0 Gesno yGuiicrso? A ect TaK, To KoMy oH Gbino ebironHO? Odmamamnas Bepcut Virax, 410 macir odvuyransia separ ‘Benn CaKopcxoro? Mposen wcreKyo Roneagx nogpasnenenit Ha Brveiem Boctore, 4 won 1943 ropa revepan poriwen Guin suinereTs v6 THGpanrapa 5 SloHgoH. B 23 waca 07 mmyr GomBapnpoeuyK kcnepriay, 6puTaHcKan cnepcTaeHHaA KOMMCCAA NpHUIna K BEIBORY, TO ABapHA Gbina sbisBaKa HevCNpaBHocTbIO pyna ssbscoTs OntaKo paccnegosanve TaK M He CoTaeTuno Ha Bonpoc - nloweMy pynts OKA: anca wencnpaseHt Croponnngn seponn 0 «HecHacrHoM crywaer ssicxasbisaior cnenyioulee npen- nonomenne. Mp nepeneTax wneHbt 3K awef camonetos Koponesckx BBC Macro _nepesoswnn —KoHTpaGaHanDie pysi. Tax, © o6nomKax camonera Ci- KOpcKOro, OMMMO mMMHEX BeuIe Aunnomatmuector nour, Ginn o6Ha- PymeHbt HOB GoToannapates, mexa, ‘ymap ¢ pparoyerHocramn, caraperss W AUK © KOHBAKOM 1 BUCK. BCE 3TO, Ges combenina, aenanoce KOHTpabaHon. Bosmoxo, npwannon KaTacrpodet Cran KoHTpabaHHbiM rpy3, CopeaBUIMiica c aBMTCJIBCTBa B M3THAHMM Tenepan Cukopoorte wane 1963 ropa cimenexupen ommpasanc Ka Bnaxsi BOCTOK. Honpbparsen yasenynebunacyao kpennennit Ww 2aKnannewnlh cucremy ynpasnews. Chegcrene raxxe ycraHosino, “To camoner 6bin neperpyiter. fleno & Tom, To, nommmo KoHTpaGaHAs, ce B03- Bpauiatouneca 8 SlongoH naccammpet (k@x nonaKn, TaK m anrnnuane) Besnn COrpommbie YeMofaHb! M KOPOOKH, Ha Grete Kononuanbitinn TosapaMn. epe- rpyska camonera cama no ceGe He Morna sbiseaT> ero rnGenv, HO mora cywe- CTBENHO ycyryOuTb CHTyaUMN B CAyYae KaKoit-nu60 HencnpasHoctu,Her senonexa- eT mpoOyemEr Tenepan Cixkopcxwii in KpynHoi no- surmiecion purypoh, ostomy cpasy .xe nocne Karacrpodtl nonBHnice Cnyx © ero npenvamepenom ycrpaneHinn. ano cKaaare, WTO Cayxit 3TH Gein OC- HoBaHbi He Ha nycTOM mecTe. CkpATa, Ho ynopran Gopb6a MeKAY coloaHUKAMN (axrnun, CWA w CCCP) 2a nocnesoeHHoe 6yayuee Nloneuin, wannune —nlopO- apyrensitix o6cromtenscrs © TGpan- Tapenoit tpareawu ~ ace 3To 3acrasnano ‘npennonarare, To revepan mor act .xeprBoft cneyonepaunn. Ho be? Tlepstin, Koro o6siHAnA 8 cnyuna- weer, 6bin, KoNesHo, Moca Cranntt Kak pas rorna,nocne Cranaurpana, KorAa nopamenne Fepmanin 8 eoiwe crano ovesnanm, coBercKA BOK’ Cran ‘cepbes 3anymbiearbcs o nocnesoeHHOM yetpolicrae Esponsi. EcrectaeHHo, To ocaoGoxnensie crpansi Eaponts, no bampicay Cranha, onan! Guinn Bort 8 cepy ani Kenna, Siv60 npsino 8 KaVECTBE CATENNHTOR C KOMMYHACTH- NecKAM PeXNMON, THEO Kak noncKoro renepana-ouurpanra, KOTOPOMy camo 2xe alrnmicxoe npaswTenscr8o v npeno= craanno yOexnue Ha Teppuropin caoeti capaits? Ho Ha camom gene ace He TAK onwosHasno Wimertio x nery 1943 ropa Hepo- sonscreo Yepunnnn aesTensHocTso ‘mags noneeKoronpaswrensctea 8 vorwanan ocrarno caoero anoren Tipmanta Tomy ~ peskoe ocnomnenne apaHWoe «Ay6onoMHoio (no mHeHMO Yepsinas) nonurakoi Cuxopcxoro. Bs suisaiouian nonmTHKa. nonbeKoro 29H rpanreKoro npaswTenscrea crapnna © cnoxnoenonoxennen AHrnino.He Gye aaGst8aTe, «70 uMeHHO BpuTannn can Tanaco (n peitcrenrensHo Goina) raBHor oxposirensknue nonbcKoro npasu- Tensctea 8 warnanna, Ulra6-Keaprupa nonscxm mnHNcTpoB-sMNTpaHTOS pac- monaranace He rae-HHGyn a8 lonAoHe. Jlerom 1942 roga ~ 8 tamenehunit Moment gna CCCP! - CuKopcKnit or- abipaet ua CCCP chopmuporaniyio Tam apmio revepana Augepca. A 8 1943 rony Hemubi o6Haponoeann pe- synprater packonox 8 Karpin. Ci- KOpcKAA Gbin eHe ce6a. TeHepan OGvasMn 0 paspeise oTHOWeHHi co Cranmntim. Borer Ha 2T0 cosercKnit Box CTaN Cosqasat> NPpoKOMMyHN- ‘cTuweckwe nonsckwe wacth - Teapanio Tronoay (enpotuaonec nopuMnaBWelica SMMrpaNTcKOMy npaewTenbcray APM Kpaitosoi). CikopcKnit noctasun Ha Fpavb pazeana BCI0 COWSHHYECKYIO KO- annumio. Yepsunnt npwaiasance, 470 (Of He MOMeT B 2TOM KOHnMKTE BCTaTS ‘ooaHauno Ha cropoHy CCCP, Tak Kak 370 oTronkHer Mlonbuly or Baran. Ho W BbICTynWTb, no NOHATHEIM HANAN, ennkom Ha cropoHe nonaKos nporMs CCCP, KoTopstn Hec Ha ceGe ocHoBHy!O ‘TARECTS BOMNDI C TepmaHnelt, Yepunns Tome He Mor. BparancKoro npembepa none ycrpown 6b KaKomi-HMGyA» Gonee rMGkwi & sonpocax nonuTuKH onscKnii_magep. Ho CukopcKiti-To ak pas nponsnars rHGKOCTS w MATH Ha KOMMPOMMCCD! He xoTen. OH Cran ABHO AnMWHUM denoBeKOMS 8 6pHTaHo-co- BeTCKMX OTHOWEHMAX. Hasogit Ha pasmoiuinenn w paanono- apmrenbiesx o6crorTenscte. MaBecrHo, To noche KaTacrposi_noagoaNMKn TwarenbHo oGcnenoeann saToHyeWINh ‘camoner. Oni Hawn nnn nopribens Cuopcxoro m nepegan ero ry6ep- Haropy TiGpanrapa. C tex nop ator opribens Gonbwe HuKTO He BAgeN. HO. ‘conepxanoce 8 HeM? Ml noweMy OH Tak T2- MHCTaeHHO wcwe3? Kcramw, aca AokymenTaun, censaHian c Kpywermem 5-24 8 mione 1943 rona, 8 Berwno6praHinn 0 cnx nop WaxoquTca nog rpupom «CexpeTion, Cepbesstie nogospeninn suisean AMHCTBHHOIT BBIKMBWIA NOCHE KPy- lesa nunor 3ayapa Mpxan, Cracenne Tipxana oGeacuaniocs Hanmunem y Hero chacarentioro munera. OpHaKo 32 "5032Ka 6 TOM, 4TO STOT NeWICKM NeTAHK. HuKora He Hajesan cnacaTensHeix mwneros (3To nogTBepAANK ero cocmy. >xneyp!). HO HMeHHO & 3TOT PoKOBO! AEH ‘0 NOWeMy-TO PewMn WaMeHITTS CBOeMY Apaeuny. Kak 681 To Hi Gsino, @ ene o cmepTa Fenepana CiKopcKoro oka Gomuwle onpocos, Wem oTBerOS. OcraercA Ha eATbcA, WTO PaHo WM nosAHO vccre- ‘Osarenn cMOryT NpHKOCHYTECA K 3ace KpeNeHHoiM jOKyMeHTam GputTaHcKoro NpaswTensctea, — o6crosrenbcrsa raGenn nonbckoro reHepana HaKOHeU-TO nepectanyr 6biTb 2aranKon © Jewnc OPNOB BOEHHAAMCTOPHA 37Pr ey Sig <sosannce GomGei maccom 118 Kr m KacceTbs Ha ockonounx 60M6 nO 9 xr. CraHwapTHaA 6om6osaa Marpysxa camonera B-29 kone- Ganace 8 npenenax or 3628 0 9072 kr. O6opounrensoe BoopymeHne ca- monera B-29 6uiNo oveHD MOUIHEIM, KoncrpykTopt Hcxoamnn v3: npegnono- >xeHNR, TO AanbHNi GoMGapAMpOBUIMK 6ynet pevicreosar> Ges uctpeGureneht conposoxeninn, nosTomy emy npagerca CamocrostenbHo oTpaxare aTaKi WcTpe- Gmreneti nporMBHinKa, TlynemerHoe soopymenne B29 He OcraBnANO MepTBHX 30H BOKpyr ca- Moneta. Mponema 3akniovanacs 8 Apyrom ~ Heo6xoAMMo GeO paaMe- Clute crpenkos 8 repmoKa6unax, WTO Ha camonere Knacciweckue Typent, o6cnyKneaembie wBHYTPM CTpenKOM, Bomon ynanoce Halim, ocHacras ca- Monet AMcTaHuWOHHO ynpasnneMbiMn ‘ypenamm. Cucrema ynpasnenun wm, paspaGorakHan Komnannel «[}reHepan Bnekrpwie, wcnonbaorana Hebonbuine aneKTpOMoTOpHl, HaBORAUIME NyneMeTEI Typen no nokasaHuam npM\ena, YCra HoBneHHoro B repMoKa6une. Camonet eC eTuIpe Typenn: ABE Ha BepxHel w fige Ha HWKHeA cTopoHe ‘Posenra. Euje onva nynemertan ycra HoBka nomeujanacb 8 xeocTe.MepenHnmn GawerKamn ynpasnan GomGapanp co cBoero Mecra. Boprosbie crpenkn 06- cayxnEanM 3anHIOIO HWKHIOI Typens. Grpenok, 2aHnMaswnit YeHTpanbHbit OrHesoh nocr, OGcnyxnEAN BEpXHOI 3anH010 Typenb. XBOCTOBOA CrPeNoK 6- ‘cayxngan xeocToayio ycraHoaky. C opMoro ornesoro nocra MoxHO 6bino ynpasna W Apyruma TypennMn, Tipaxtwyeckaa aansocts ~ 3230 xx Boesan nanbnocte - 2575 km ‘Cxoponoawemmocts ~ 280 ra/nn Mipaxruueckwit noronox - 9710 ‘3xuna - 70 10 vertosex Boopymenne - sa 127-marynemera B Kaxoii us YeTeipex AVCTanyMOHHo ynpasneMnx ‘Typenei canextponpwsonaMn ipa 127-wanynemera ani pea 127-wmanynemera onya 20-meu nyuira 6 xB0cTosOi Type Bow6oean Harpyana 9072 Kr Aceh Mopars aueprrancnrt ‘apraxoherpyxtop Ganrapcreronponcxoxgen— oaaaTen BowBspauponuaca B27 «Cymepboprpecc> Hanpwmep, ctpenox ¢_yewrpansHoro nocra Mor pars Ha ce6a_ynpasnenne epeasen sepxnel typensio. Boprosiie Cpenkm Morn Takxe ynpagnath ne- pepHelt HiKKHeA Typenbio W xBOCTOROM YyCTaHOBKOA. KpoMe Toro, oH Morn BeCTH HenpvLlensHBth OrOHe 43 060A Typenm cnysae yrpoabi no Gopry. Bcero peaycmarpHeannce 24 KOMBAHaUMM & yhpasnenmu typenatan. Grpenkn Hasonmnnna ens npryensHoe YeTPOMICTBo, ABToMaTHWeCKaA CACTeMa Bb ‘Tanna HeoGxonnmeie nonpaBKi M pas- ‘sopauneana Typens. Cryck nynemeTos TaKKE OCJWECTANANCR AUCTAHUMOHHO, Typenn ocHaujannce Gnoxuparopam, He Aasasulmmn BosMOXHOCTS BECTH OFoH Yepes cBoi camoner. Crsonbi nynemeros NopMmannics nn onycKanAcs & TOT ‘MoMeMT, Korfia Ha Mii OrHA NORBNANHCS Kpbintr, BHT, GaweHKa YeHTpansHoro ‘orHesoro nocra nn. MlockonbKy Kab Goin ‘CAMUIKOM GonbulMN, “TOG ero MOKHO {6b1n0 o6ornyro,rynemersi npocTo GTKNO- ‘vanicb 8 TOT MoMeHT, Koraa Type’ pase0- pauneanace 6 CTOpoHY KYA. pH saneTe WnocanKe nepenHAn HiDKHR TypeN pas- opauitpanace craonaM Hazaq, HiaNe He BosMOxHO ObiNo BbINYCTHTS NepemHOIO ‘croiiny wacen. BOEHHAR MCTOPHAMlepsonavanso 8 Typenax cTOANO no fea 127-mm nynemeta. Nockonbky moncke ucrpeGuTenh akrMBHo npaK- TwKoBaNK NOGOBY!O araky, 6 BEpxHett ne- peaHeltrypenu uncno nynemeTos joBemm AO verbipex. BoeKomnnest cocrasnan '500 sbicrpenos Ha cTBon, 3aTeM ero yBe- snuann 0 1000 seictpenos Ha cteon. B ypenax paameuannc 12,7-ma nynenteret «BpayHuir» M2. Boexomnnexr k nynemeran nomewanica ‘8 GombwoM KOHTe/Mepe, pacnonoMeHHON 32 Mpegenamn repMoKabnnos. B KaxAOM «COESATb TAKOH HE!» ‘Opnospemenno ¢ _Havanom paGorot HaA coBeTcKo!t aTomHoit GomGom wavancn m nomcK €€ wociTena. Bono pewieno cKo- uposare amepuKancKitit Gomt- Gapnmposunx B-29. HecxonbKo camonetos BBC CUA 60 spema SOMtHDI COBePLIMNH BLIKYAKAEHHYTO RocanKy Ha apoapomax coser- coro flansiiero Boctoxa. lo npuxasy Cranwwa KB Ty- oneea nonocre¥e cKonnposano pun us B-29 (cKonmposani axe orpepcmme 8 nanenw ynpasnenun non Gamny ¢ rasmposamnoimn Wa- urTKaMN Mm nlenenbHMuy, XOTA co- BercKHM neTankam sanpeujanoce Kypit ® nionere Kareropusecku). Equncrsennpimn cacremamn (He cunran Boopymenus), — KapAN- HanbHo OTnMaBLUNMACA OT Op rmwana, 6bum apuratenn: Bmecro amepnnancinx «Paitt» _P-3350, yerawosunu conerckme - AUL-73. B 1949 rony Konua amepuKancKoro Goméapauposuuna 6-29, nony- neuran Hassanne Ty-4, nocrynina ‘Na poopymenwe conercKmx BBC. 40 BOEHHAAMCTOPHA ‘SeunaxcGobapmupoeuyicaB-29 «Shona ei, ‘Bpocnsui arom Gost va Xpocim va Typenet cronna 16-mM KnHoKamepa, KOTOpaA BkmIOWanACe OAHOBPeMeHHO c FRyneMeTawun W BbIKMIOWARACE CMYCTA TPH ‘cexyHabt nocne npexpauyenun ore, Boesars, Tax c yqo6crsam B giosenmne camonera wmennce Tp repMoKaGuHbs: NepenHAR, 3anHAR M XEO~ crosas. FlepenHioi uw sanHioO KaGneL coeqwian ToHHenb ANMHOA 10,06 mw ‘uamerpow 86,36 m. TonHen’ npoxonHn font oTonka GoMGosbix oTCeKo8 M NO~ 3BOnsN unneHaM 3kMnaKa NePeNewaTECR va opHoit Ka6uHB! 8 APyFyO. ‘aan camoneta cOcTORN 3 10-14 4e- snosex. CrannapTabi 2Kmnax 3.10 4e- ‘noBeK COCTORN Ws CNeAYIOUWX \neHO: ‘i nuvior (kowangyp axuriana), 2-7 nnn, lurypan, GomGapanp, —6oprmexaHiK, agwict ersepo. Goprerpenkos. B epenwen repmoxaGnie HaxonMnice Imecta 060% nunoros (nepeoro - cnesa, ‘sToporo enpasa). 3a Kpecnom nepeoro fuoTa HaxORWNOCS KPeCnO uiTypMata, passepryroe ® HanpaeneHns nonera, 3 pecniom sToporo minora cromno Kpecno Soprmexanina, passepHyToe NPOTME Ha- npasnesus nonera. 3a Kpecrion mexaHnKa axonnnoce Kpecno panicra, Kpecio BoM ‘Gapaupa Haxonnnoce nepem KpecmaN ri "nOTOB M HeMHOTO Hoe Hix. OcTeKMeHHbA Hoc dozens oTapbisan XOpOWA O30 ‘cect nnnoros n 6oM6apanpa. B aaqneli repmoxa6mne HaxoAMANce mecra Tpex 6oprcrpenkos. MpyuenbHble Apwcnoco6nenna ebisomNANCe NOR pospawiiie Kynona. flea Kynona Haxo- ‘Aunnce no GopTam, oaNHs sepxnen vaca osenana. Pagom Haxonnnnce HeToipe snexaa ANA OTAbIXa uNeHOB IKMNAKA 0 epema noneva. B saqHer KaGuHe Pac Nonaranoce MecTO BO3MOMHOTO OAMH- anwaroro uneHa aknnaka ~ oneparopa anapa. Kpoxorwan xeocrosas KaGwia ¢ ‘mecrom xB0cToBOrO crpenka HaxonMnace 8 pained sannei TouKe dosenna, Boe mecra wneHos aknnanKa MMenA3AUNITY OT ‘nym w ockonkos. Vicrionsaoganne repMoKaGni aHauM- enbHo ynpoctuno pa6ory neHam 3KM axed, leTunkn He Crpagann oT HMaKOrO ‘asnenMs, xONOAa, CKBOSHAKOB M Wyma. B KaGnHe MoxHO 6tiNo cnoKOiHo 06- lujateca, He Hanparan ronoca Aaxe npH paGoraiouynx firarenax. fJasnenne 8 KaGmNax nlonmepxneanoce 3a. c¥eT paGors! HanAy80B BHYTPeHHMX jeHTa- ene, Ucrpyruwut npegycmarpueann, ‘To Ha nogneTe x yen cnegosano c6pa coisare jasnenve 8 repmoKa6unax. 3To Aenanocs ANA Toro, TOG! KaOnKY He Pazopaano npu caysalitiom nonaganun ‘chapaga un niyna, Tecsrs net nox pyxzem ‘Camoneres 8-29 6e3 manoro Aecars net axonnnnce Ha eoopyxennn BBC CUIA Tepesit Goesom stiner un cocroanca 5 wions 1944 ropa. Torna ¢ a2ponpomos 8 Mnnun etineveno 98 8-29. Vix yenbio {un yaanent Ha 1820 KM menesHONO- omni yaen Mackan, pacronomensit ® paiioe BaHrnoxa. Mepsein Oni xa: 3anca KoMOM~HeTEiphamuaTe caMoneTos BepHYMNC> C MONAOPOM, & OCHOBHOM vs3a npo6neM c qaurarensian, Ha Uere yyano acero 18 6ow6. Tipn nocagKe pas- Gnnnce 5 GomBapanposumnos, ewe 42 camonera conn Ha 2anacrtix’ a2p0- ‘pomax v2-3a Hexsarki Tonnia Becioi 1945. roja Sonowan vacto GomBapaut PosunKos B29 nepeGasmposanace 3 Viegun wa octpo® Tanan (Mapuancine coctposa). On naxonren 8 2400 KM x1oro- socrory oF Toxvo, Mepstii nonoctbs ynaswett Hanet a Aono camoneres 8.29 nposenn 13 pexabpa 1944. ropa Bone 70 8-29 vanecnn yaap no asva- LuvoHHoMy aBMranenecTponTenDHOMy KOMGnnaTy vps eMfinuy6ncr» « Haroe. Ypanoce yHMuTOKUTS KONO 17% No- rpoex KoMBiiara, 470 yenuunno ero nponseopmtenbHocre Ha vereepTe 8B gespane 1945 rona B29 Havann co- epulate Tak vasbleaembe «ornentibie Hanerse Ha AnoHMG, HECMOTPA Ha TO, STO wx pesynetaroM Geinn orpomMe notepm cpenit MupHOrO HaceneHA 25 geapana 1945 ropa 8 Hanere Ha Toxo yuacraosann 72 GomBapanposuyrna B-28, Haner nosropana 4 wapra cana ye 182 wauunn. Yoke nocne nepaoro Hanera 8 “Toro cropeno Gonee 28 000 crpoeriit Ho cami crpaureiit Haner Ha. Toxo Guin copepuer 9 mapra 1945 ropa. C Ma DaHcxrx ocrposos nopHAMACS 325 ca- tmoneroe. On cBpocunn Ha cTonMuy Anown 1665 TOM saxnrarensiee GoM, Cunonti etep y aenn cnoco6cre0san pacnpocrpatienino noxapa. Haa.roponoM oahik orHesoit cweps. K yrpy 10 mapra Gonee 40 xsaqparitsx KnnoweTpos 8 uettpe ropona suiropeno fotna. B Orne mnorwénu Gonee 84 000 mupHsx noteneh <Bonee munnwoka ToKniiyes ocranice Ges Kpoea. B Hob C9 Ha 10 Mapra 1945 ropa oru6no 6onbwe mogeit, Wem npn BpHIBe aTOMHO GoMGbl, Amepinkanyam HaneT ‘o6oulenca 8 14 noTepaHHbix B-29. B HOM c 11 Ha 12 mapra Hanet nostopunca Ha Harow. 285 GomGapanposuynkos ‘cGpocinn Ha ropon 1700 TOHH saxra- ‘Fenbitix 60M6, Beiropeno 5 KeanpatHEix Kunomerpoe roponcKoih 3acTpotiKi. Chegyroujei yenio XXI Kopnyca crana Ocaka. B Houb ¢ 12 Ha 13 Mapa 274 Gom- Gapanposuinea, seineresunx ¢ Mapa, yanwToxnnn 21. KeanpatHit KunoMerp nowag ropopa.BHoMb c 16 Ha 17 mapTa actana ovepenp KoGe. 331 B-29 seoxrnt 8 KeagpaTHbX KunoMeTpOB ropoAcKHX keapranos. Mrruih ane cHoBa npM- wenca Ha Haroio. B Hou ¢ 18 Ha 19 mapra ropoa Gon6unn 290 Gom6apanpos- ywkoe, Notepn oxazanice cpasHvMeintn ‘Cnepebim HaneTom. 3aTem amepMkaHUaM pnuinoce cnenar> nepepeis. ratucraxa nepebix orHesbix HameTo8. ‘canagbisanace 8 nontsy amepuKanues. Finonna norepana Gonee 82 KeaaparHbix ymoMerpos roponcKoll 3acTpoiiKH & 4e- Tolpex cambix kpynibnx Fopopax. Cropent MHor#e —npoMBUINeHHBIe — O6beKTH. Borne nomapos normnn Gonee 120 000 anovuyes. Ewe Gonee 100 000 ve- osex nonyynna oxorM paanunon Or Xupocumnt 70 Kopen B29 cran nepsbima Mean: cTeeHHbimn —camoneTami, _ KOTOpbIE nposenn aromuyto GomGapauposKy ~ >To Goin ropona Xupocuma m4 HaracaKn. Ha Xwpocumy c6pocun Gomby camoner B-29 Bun repwoorcexa 8 xoropos pacnoraramce -pewaxianm o7asoa 2a HaRYBHOM Enola Gay, Koropsim Komaniqosan non- koshuk Tu66erc. B pesynbrare sspuisa nocrpanann 129 000 venosex, 6 TOM ‘uncne noru6nn Ha mecte 78 000 venoBex. Bropyo Gomby Ha Haracakn 9 aprycta 1945 roga c6pocunn c camonera B-29, KoTOpbIM KOMaHZOBan waitop Yapnb3 ‘Gunn. Haracakn nocrpanan meHbwe Xmpocim, Tak Kak Penbed MecTHOCTA lomewan pacnpocrpaveHnio B3pbIBHOM oni. Mlorvénu «ronsKo» 35 000 ve- oseK, 2 paleHBiX, no ycpeHeHHiim ‘ouenkam, okasanoce oKono 60.000. BomGapanposuynxam 8-29 nosenocs nonoesare ue Kopee 8 1950-1953 ronax. ‘Tam oH anepabie acrpeTHnuce c coBer- cxumn peakrusHtimat cTpeGwTenain Muf-15. Bo spema Hanera Ha asponpomes Tasuxon uw HaMcn HecKonbxo ecaTKoR Mufos-15, soopymennuix 23- w 37-ma nywikam, cGwna nats B-29 m ceppesto ospennnn euje Bocem Gombapanpos- uuiKos. Tlorepn cpen amepixancKix lecroroporoninora —Hasepaenocan TAR UOHHO ‘opsenmenon ype ¢-Wkcroeprr Sontaprga kanaranoravem 8 Mlerapexronacrash enxrHariton br cnoeramnnsn now o8oporo8 (arawerp 5050) = 9- Brent xpineesoi ronmnaras6ac rain 10-Sneponcrononsmia ‘buono 11-Hanpasnmows aaxpeinca 12 PanonoeauyowanyeranoeKs 13-Creopra bonboareo% 16=flgnrarene Weght-Cytone RO350 15-Wlecen ‘6 Nepena Goutoorcex ‘17-Habnogaenertatxyton crpenea 18. SazyuiiGondoorcee 19-Habnogatenenetixynon crpenea 20-Sagyeen weparom YeToHOBKaC AYN ‘zzamunyroncram 2)-Mecroormwi soma, 22-Sannmiooacrpertonan ycravoaka cacnapontiinar 12am ryneeranan Pyne anpaanes MecroGomtapanpa Xeocrosoi nynewer PynesscoTs axuname cocrasann 55 enogex. ‘yOursimn m 12 panenbim, Cranosnnoce ‘ove@nnntim, WTO «CyneppoprpecceD oT snerani cBoe. [Ina cospeMeHHOi BoMH 8 oapyxe OHH ye He ronATcA. 26 anpena 1953 ropa asa 8-29 nposenn HeoGolvnbim Bbiner. Haz, pexoii FnyisAH ‘on c6pocunn Gone mannnoHa ni CTOBOK, pHsbisasuMK Ha KopeficKoN, KYFTAVICKOM W PYCCKOM HabiKaX nUNCTOR cepepal nezepruposare u nepenerar> Ha cTopony OOH. 3a Kaxabili yrHaHHbit Mnf nasHavanace npemia 50 000 gon- smapos. 27 mona 1953 ropa 8 15:03 wecrHoro BPeMeHH, 2a celte 4acoR fo MoARUCANKA epemupina, Beprynca Ha Gasy pas- semunk RB-29 ¢ aknnamem neitTeHaHTa Aensepa Kyka. Camoner wayuan pe- ayneratei HaneTa Ha ceaepoKopelicKne a2poapombl. 3To Sein nocnegHni Goesoh feniner camonera 8-29, © TeoprwiETPOB BOEHHAAMCTOPHA 41B Ky6i iPcer usta § Corte Sar ri ui Campi ee Bich a7 Bt Cpemu mysees Goenoit Texeuxut TaHKOBBII My3eit 8B MogMocKoBHON Ky6ynke crout ocobHaKoM. Bo-rlepsbrx, O# AO HefaBHero BpeMeHM CUMTAyICA CAMBIM TPYAHOMOCTYMHEIM qa nocerureneit. gc more eat PHTETOB NORBHNAC BOMOMHOCTE ‘cBoGoAHO rocewlaTs 3TOT yHMKANDHDI yell, yaMBNeHW Hx He Goino Npegena. B TaHikonom myaee # Ky6niiKe Gonee we: ‘cTupecatn 3KcnoHaTOB, KOTOpBIe cyule- CTayIOT nib @ EAUHCTBEHHOM 9K3eMnAA- pe. Hurge 8 mnpe Her Hivero nogoGuoro! Hemmoro ucropym Ogmumanhenm zHeM coamaHna Ta kosoro ysen 8 KyGuiKe cumTaetca 1 asrycra 1938 roma. VivexHo Tonga ‘buino MocraHosnenme N°180 KomuTeTa ‘6opoHti npn CosHapKome Coioza CCP 4} _Ronsancooercnis racer, hey Oreveeroeiion aoe «06 ncnonbsonanmn mmerouynxca 8 PKKA Hecepnineix cTapsx TANos TaHKos». B paione KyOnnKi a Te apemeta Haxonnca criTaTenbHiilt aBTobponeraHKoBbit lONHTOH, M BOeHHAR TexHMKa, KOTOpAR Guna octasnena @ KavecTae 9KcroHaTOR ‘nA Gynyujero My3eR, xpaHMnace Ha OT Kperrex nnowagKax. Bo BpemA soiei 8 Ky6niKy ceoaMnn Tpodelinbie TaHKi, Conse Ha BoOPyKEHMM BepMaXTa, @ Tawke Goesyio TexHMky, NOCTYNaBUIYO 8 Conercxuit Cotes no neHa-ninay. Sinus 8 nocnesceHHoe BpeMs no HM: uwarnse ThasHoro Mapulana 6poHerak- KoBbix eolick AX, Babaqxanaa 6bino APWHRTO PeweHMe coZnaT My3el, 8 KOTOpBIA MONO GbUIO ycKaT> NoceTH- Tene Geum nocrpoeni xpbrTbie akrape, ‘8 KoTopbix pasmecrani GoeByo TexHIKy. 10cexta6pa 1972roga,BfleHTaHKACTa, myaedi Obun orxport. Ho monyck 6 Hero Goin orpaninien i ceasaH ¢ Gonbulnn cio HocTAMA. Tyna onycKaniice muKeHepot KOHCTpykTOpss BoeHHx sasoq08 CCCP vw caywatens yueGxbix JaseneHii Mun cctepcraa o60poH B 1989 roy Geina nposenena reve- anbHan PeKOHCTpYKUMA My3eR, 2KcriO- aniyaio AonoNHANM HOBbIMN SKCHONATAMN, Koroptie paswecrana 8 xpoHonoru- ecKoM nlopagke, nocTpoeHe! 3AaHina ANA agmanncrpayn. B 1994 rogy TaHKoBbih ‘My3eii Gouri npeoGpas0BaH BBoeHHo-MCTO- piiecnit myseih GpoHeTankoBoro Boopy- -xeHUA MW TexHuKi, Ha TeppHTOpMM My3eR ocrpownu wacosio BnarosepHoro KHRaA ‘Dwurtpnn Doucroro, a ¢ woxHoit croponts WaCoBHN ycTaHOBHTM NaMATHVK 6 HecTe ‘TAHKMCTOR, NorHGuMx Bo BpeMA BenuKOH OrevecraenHoii goin Cems axrapos, waOuTEIX TEXEMKOI lepstin rank acrpewaer nocerureneit ewje Ha nopxone K My3e~. Ha O6osMHe Mwicroro wocce Ha nocramenTe ycra HoBnen TaxenbiA TaHk UC3, a 8 cTopoHe (OF wocce Haxogarcn aHrapsl, 326uTae ynkanbHoii GoeBod TexHUKOM Beero wx cents. B OnHOM M3 HX xpa aTcA 6poHeasToMobinn, 6poHerpaH cnoprepti n Goestie MaunHes nexoTe. B Abyrom — nerke TaHKH mM GpoHeTexHika BOB. Sxcnowats! pasmeutenss He TonsKO no TeMaTUWeCKOMy MpHHUMTY, HOW MO HayoHanHomy. TaK, 8 ORHOM M3 anrapos crowt GponeTexnnka aHrno- sabe crpak — CWA, Bpurannn w Kanago. B apyrom - Goesvie mauinnbs, cronsuime Ha BOopymeHMM BepmaxTa B Tomb: Bennkor OrevecteeHHor Bovine. Ewe oni atrap ~ mecro xpaneHis 6po- HeTeXHUKH TakMX CTpaH, Kak ANOHAR, Benrpna, panyva, Mlonewa, Kira w Ye~ xocnosaKua. OTAenbHbIA aHrap oTBERH Tom o6pasust coseTcKMx TmxenbiX TAHKOB W camoxonnbx opyanit. CpenHue TaHKA W caMoxonkn Ha Wx 6a3e xpaHaTcn ewe onnoM anrape. Bonbuwaricreo Goeaoit TexHMKK BHC ‘npaslom cocToniuu, epeMa OT BpemeHh ee ucnionssyior Ata BOeHHO-ncTOpH- YecKitx Woy, OBO NpMYPOYEHHDLK K amarHoi garam Hawlelt wcTOpHN.Kapmonat ururanrsr Kax yxxe rosopanoce, mHorme 13 3KcnO- Haroe My3en & KyOMHKe YHMKANDHD! Ht Cy= lwecrayor 8 eqnicTBeHHoM 3ksewriiape. Ou nopamaioT noceTaTeneh cBoHM sHewnnm sigoM m pasmepaMn. Bec MOKHO YBMReTD TaKMX MOH pos, Kak cBepxtaKensin TaHK rumne- poackoit Tepmalinn Maus. 310 cambsit Kpynibit no Macce TaHK W3 BCex, KOrHa- nGo sonnoweHHbx 8 MeTanne (60e8aR acca ~ 18,9 ToHH): Beinn nocrpoeHtt cero ape TaKWe MaWinHbl. TaHK, HaXORA unica 8 Ky6mnke, co6pan us wactel srix AByx onbmTHbix ak3eMNINApOB. Vi anece e crour Teneynpasnaeman Tankerka (camoxonlan MuHa) «Fonvadn. Paamepsi 3Toro MMHMaTIOpHOFO. TaHKa: 150x85x56 cm. HecMoTpA Ha CBO!O MiN- namiopHocTs, —KOHCTpYKUMAR—Hecra 75-100 kr sapbissaTox BewjecTe M Gouna NpenHasnavena An yHRUTOKEHNR Bpa- .KECKHX TaHKOB M paapyuleHns onrospe- Menbix ykpennennit B anrape c coBérckolt 6poHeTaHKoBoMt TeXHWKOM CTOMT eAMHCTBEHHI CO- xpaHMauiniica AO HaulMx Hen naTUGa- esti Tank T35, O Hem yme nicann 8 Hawett razere. ‘AB ApyroM nasnnbore Mondo yanner® nonscxyio TakerKy TKS, KoTopar croRNa Ha BOOpYMeHHM NONBCKOM aM Ha kanye Bropoii muposoit solitiet. Bonb- MHcTa0 v3 HUX NOrMBnO & BORK & CeH- Ta6pe 1939 ropa. A Te, To yyenenn, onan 8 KavecTBe Tpodees K HeMyaM Wincnonbsosannce Ann GopeGel ¢ napTA Berepaxsr ia ore Bnech me MONO yaMIeTS nereH- AapHbil pauy3ckwit TaHK «PeHO FT-17>— TpaReayKy Bcex coBpeMesnbix THRO Bro Guin nepens cepHHBi TAHK, y KO Toporo menace 6auNNA KpyroRoro pa ers (360 rpanycos), a TakKe nepedth anc KnaccibieckOit KOMMONOBKN (CTA revne ynpasnevin - enepenn, 6oeboe — a uerpe m moTopHoe ~ c2aqM) ITOT TaHK BacryMenHO cuMTaNcA CaMbiM YANN TannoM Tlepeoit muposoi soi Vis Gponerpancnoprepos, nennex 8 KyOmaKe, Conswoh mHTepec pegcrasnaiot o6pasubi TexHinkh, no- CTaansawelica @ roast Bennkor Oreve- ctBeHHon Bonne: 6 CCCP no neHa-nusy. Cpean ix camoxogHoe 57-mm npori: oTahKoBOe opyane T48 Ha Gaze nony- FyceHMuHOr aMepwKaHcKoro G6poHe- Tpancnoprepa M3. Bonbuaa wactb 3T¥x Maun Geina omnpasnena = CCCP, rae ‘nM nonysunn HasBaHne CY-S7. Ha 3THx camoxonKax Hawn congaTs oun fo Bepnina w Sns6es, re w actpeTannce c ofickamn cowaHnkos e mae 1945 rona. 3peco xe xpaHnICA yAMBuTeNDHEh no cBoeh KOHCTPYKYMK amepMKaHcKnit Takk MB efenepan Ji — onmn m3 nepoeix cpentinx TaHKOs, TnoctpoeHHex 8 CILIA, (On mmeeT HeoGeiwHoe pacnonoxeHe soopymeHna - niywKa Kanw6pa 75 mM yeTaHosnena c6oky Ha cnoHcoHe, 6auina ‘copyanem 37 um — 8 GawHe Hazepxy. Han, OpyANAHOM GauiNer amepuKanysi co- opyawnu ewe ory GaueHKy, coBceM Ma- ‘neHoKyio,cABYMA NynieMeTaMin, TH TAHKM octynanw no neva-nisy 8 CCCP, fe no- ‘nysin OBONSHO HeNeCTHy.O OL\eHKY OT conercxnx TaHKnctos, Viz Gonbwol BbicoTel M_NOKapoonactoro Kap6iopa- TopHoro ABHrarena OHM nONy\iAnH Npo- ‘enue «Bparckan morwna ana cemepsn. acre 3xcnonaros My3en Haxoprca a oTxpprTeXx nnowaaKax. Cpemn Hix ~ epabil cepMibin CoBeTcKMI TaHK MC-1 (ewansiti conpoaomgeis). 3TOT nerknit ‘Talk sbinycKanca 8 CCCP 8 Konye 1920-« Tonos M ywacTsosan & KOMpnAKTAX Ha KBKAL y oxepa XacaH w pekn Xanxn-fon. ‘On gomun fo Havana Benno Oreve- CcTeeHHOl BOF MB KaYecTBe CrayHo- HapHix OrHeBbIX TONeK pHTpAHMHIX YPoe or6nean arakn Bepmaxra. Ha ynuye xe crouT moTopHti 6po- Hesolt saron (MBB-2), nocrpoenseiit 8 KoNe 1930-x rogos Ha KuposcKom aapone 8 Tenwrpane. HecMorpa Ha ceow cpasnnrenbHo cKpomHtie pasMeps, Manw-6porenoes, tin RocraToNHo CumbHo BoopyxeH. Ha Hem ycraHoannn pH Gaui Takka T-28 c opyanamn O-34 kanu6pa 76 mm Kpome Toro, 6poHesaron Tlensexar raevea TKS. Bo spew sols ‘eenenontaoearn wet arm Gop ‘chapriaavon Bpowesaron MGB-2cpaxancnceparom a ewapancrom fore men Ha Boopyennn gears nynemeTos MW aeHuTHyIO cueTBepeHHyIO yCTaHOBKY ynemeTos emaKcun, Bporiesarox mor asurareca nopencam coum xogom, pasenean ckopocTs 0 120 wa/ac. SkuNaN STON MaNeHEKOI, HO posto Goeso enmnMys cocTomn u3 copoKa GortyoR W KoMaHANpOE: Bcero Gtino nocrpoeHo sa TaKwx 6ponesarona. 06a OHM Boesann c paroM 8 rons BenuKoit OrevectBeHHo BOAHDI Ha TlennArpanckom dpoHTe, To- yacraosas HanocnejoK 8 onepaynn no lonkomy cHsTano Gnoxaab! TleHmerpana, 6poresaronti nocne Nobent 6bin oF pasnenbi Ha xpanenne 8 meno. Ortysa COnMH M3 Hix B 1965 roay Gu nepenaH 6 KyGunky, rqe n HaxoAMTCA n0 CHx Nop. ‘A wegasto, 8 anpene store rona, Ccraryc TanKOBoro My3eR & KYOMHKE M3: -MeHMica. Tenepb OH BxOAMT &.CoaqaHHbIr ‘no mmuvarnee ManicrepctBa O60PoHD: Poceniicron Denepaunn BoenHo-na- TpnoTMMecKiii napK KyNeTypE! W OTAbHKA Marpwor. © Anexcanap ETOPOB