SUBMITTED TO MR.

VIKAS DIXIT
MADE BY
RAHUL TRIPATHI
CLASS XII
ROLL NO - 34
P.O VIDUTNAGAR
PIN 224238

A state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid

infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion.
Capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from
entering the body.

CONTENTS

PAGE NUMBER

IMMUNITY
FLUID SYSTEM
GRANULOCYTES
AGRANULOCYTES
LYMPHOCYTES
DEFENCE MACHANISM
TYPES OF IMMUNITY
INNATE IMMUNITY
FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
NATURAL ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
MUCOSAL IMMUNITY
TYPES OF MALT
IMMUNITY CONFERRED BY
VACCINES
SOME INTERESTING FACTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THANK YOU PAGE

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This is to certify that Rahul Tripathi and of

class XII has successfully completed this

Biology project on the topic IMMUNITY

prescribed by Mr. Vikas Dixit Sir, during
academic session 2012-2013 as per the
guidelines issues by Central Board of
Secondary Education.

Mr. Vikas Dixit

External Examiner
(P.G.T BIOLOGY)

Immune
system
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Granulocy
tes
Neutrophils: Neutrophils defend
against bacterial or fungal infection ,
have a multilobed nucleus. The life span
of a circulating human neutrophil is
about 5.4 days.

Eosinophils: Eosinophils primarily deal

with parasitic infections. Eosinophils are
also the predominant inflammatory
cells in allergic reactions. They have a
bi-lobed nucleus.

Basophils: Basophils are chiefly

responsible for allergic and antigen
response by releasing the chemical
histamine causing vasodilation.

Agranulocy
tes
Lymphocytes: common in the
lymph system and of three
types: B cells, T cells and natural
killer cells.

Monocytes: they present pieces

of pathogens to T cells so that the
pathogens may be recognized
again and killed. Monocytes
eventually leave the bloodstream
to become tissue macrophages.

Defense
mechanisms

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Active
(Immunization)

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Innate immunity
(first line of defense)

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First line of
defense

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Lysis of infected cell

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Artificial adaptive immunity

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Memory B cells forms plasma cells which

release immunoglobins (Igs)

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Mucosal Immunity

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The mucosal immune system

protects the internal surfaces of
the body

The mucosal immune system

GI tract
Respiratory tract
Urogenital tract
exocrine glands associated
with these organs

In a healthy human adult, this

local immune system contributes
almost 80% of all immunocytes.

These cells are accumulated in,

or in transit between, various
mucosa-associated
lymphoid
tissues (MALT), which together
form the largest mammalian
lymphoid organ system.

Macrophag
es

Plasma
cells

Compositi
on of
MALT
B cells

Ig A and Ig
G

T cells

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Types of MALT:
Depending in the
region it is present

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Immunity
conferred by
vaccines

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Positive events of the day seem to have a stronger helpful

impact on immune function. Having a good time on Monday
still had a positive effect on the immune system by
Wednesday.
The frequent hand washing can break down the natural oils
on the skin that serve as the first line (or layer) of defense
for the immune system.
Studies show that people who lack humor in their lives tend
to have less protective immune responses.
While the body needs some sunlight to produce vitamin D,
too much sunshine can suppress the immune system.

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To make this project I have taken source from the following

books:1. Ramesh Gupta
2. Biology N.C.E.R.T
I have taken source from internet too , and taken help of our
biology teacher Mr. Vikas Dixit sir.

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We would like to thank our Biology sir Mr.

Vikas Dixit, who provided us this opportunity
to make a project on IMMUNITY which really
helped us to understand the concepts of
Immunity of our body.

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