IDE 555

HUMAN FACTOR IN DESIGN

MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE
PROBLEM IN PUBLIC FACILITIES

ZAIRUL SHAZMIE BIN ZAIDI

2015429788
AD244 4C
SIR ERWIN REZASYAH

INTRODUCTION
In ManMachine Interface (MMI), the interactions are basically of two types, human to
machine and machine to human. Since ManMachine Interface technology is ubiquitous,
the interfaces involved can include motion sensors, keyboards and similar peripheral
devices, speech-recognition interfaces and any other interaction in which information is
exchanged using sight, sound, heat and other cognitive and physical modes are
considered to be part of ManMachine Interface.
Generally, the goal of user interface design is to produce a user interface which makes it
easy (self-explanatory), efficient, and enjoyable (user-friendly) to operate a machine in the
way which produces the desired result. This generally means that the operator needs to
provide minimal input to achieve the desired output, and also that the machine minimizes
undesired outputs to the human. Minimum input is needed but the need of user to
understand easier is more important. Minimum input of that particular machine is needed
but the important of consumers to understand easily are more crucial so that user will feel
please to use it.
Although considered as a standalone technological area,
ManMachine
Interface technology can be used as an adapter for other technologies. The basis of
building ManMachine Interface largely depends on the understanding of human physical,
behavioural and mental capabilities. In other words, ergonomics forms the principles
behind ManMachine Interface. Apart from enhancing the user experience and efficiency,
ManMachine Interface can provide unique opportunities for applications, learning and
recreation. In fact, ManMachine Interface helps in the rapid acquisition of skills for users.
A good ManMachine Interface is able to provide realistic and natural interactions with
external devices.
The advantages provided by incorporating ManMachine Interface include error
reduction, increased system and user efficiency, improved reliability and maintainability,
increased user acceptance and user comfort, reduction in training and skill requirements,
reduction in physical or mental stress for users, reduction in task saturation, increased
economy of production and productivity, etc. Touchscreens and membrane switches can
be considered as examples of ManMachine Interface. This technology is also widely

used in virtual and flat displays, pattern recognition, Internet and personal computer
access, data input for electronic devices, and information fusion.
Other terms for user interface include user interface (UI) and humancomputer interface.

DISCUSSION
Vending machines have been around for decades, has grown sharply during the recent
decade, due to low-cost hardware and high cost of human staff.
Vending machines must offer efficient service with zero tolerance for human error, require
no user training and be accessible to a wide range of users. User behaviour analysis by
product interface guides the user's behaviour is the key to solving some practical
interaction design problems. This study based on Multimedia technology, evaluates the
user experience of the multi-interface vending machines in light of recent research results
in human computer interaction. Several design problems are identified and improvements
are suggested.
Vending machine or kiosk user interface must be self-explanatory and accessible without
prior training. Furthermore, few assumptions can be made about the skill level and
knowledge of the users. Users may suffer from cognitive interference due to stress and the
user interface must support the user task and minimize the probability of error.
Intuitive Buttons to Select Goods. This design is relatively straightforward, each of goods
has a button with the following commodity prices, and just press the button on the bottom
of the commodity can be selected merchandise. A good solution to short-term memory
losing, customer could get the right goods. The only shortcoming is too much bottoms
resulting in the overall structure of the machine bloated.
But some vending machine is using Code Input to Select Goods. Many vending machines
are in accordance with rows and columns to organize merchandise. If you want to select

an item, then you need to input the code of the goods where the row and column of
figures. The basic problem is the left half of the vending machine with a large display
window for the display of goods, the operating system on the right side, which leads from
the right side of the operating system the user, is moved to the left to select goods, and
then move to enter the code on the right side. Vending machines are not home consumer
electronics, build human and machine in prolonged contact and use of muscle memory
,even in the possibility of using the initial stages of a malfunction, but with the gradual
adaptation of the machine, the user can reach the so-called the "eyes closed operations"
realm; and vending machines is public facilities, the use of user density is insufficient to
form muscle memory, so each time you use this move in repeating the process, so long
distance visual movement is likely to cause short-term memory errors, causing
malfunction, you get a goods that you does not want to .
The traditional way of vending machines to drop down the products directly, which may
lead to some product packaging damaged when dropped, carbonated beverages could be
splash after the fall of the impact when it opened. Pick up mouth at the bottom of vending
machines, as the machine will you buy goods rudely thrown at your feet, consumers
should leaned down to pick up the merchandise, it is a failure of interface experience.
Pickup mouth redesigned will be located in the hand touch region for adults standing
position to avoid bend over.

CONCLUSION

The ManMachine Interface (MMI), in the industrial design field, is the space where
interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow
effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine
simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process.
Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of
computer operating
systems,
hand tools,
heavy
machinery operator
controls,
and process controls. Besides that, Man-Machine Interface is also including the interaction
of machinery and human (user). There are also some machines that are completely
controlled by machinery to allow effective operation without supervision of human such as
ATM machine and ticket vending machine. The design considerations applicable when
creating
user
interfaces
are
related
to
or
involve
such
disciplines
as ergonomics and psychology.
The analysis revealed several weaknesses in the existing user interface and a number of
improvements based on the proposed design heuristics were suggested.
The common problem happen usually when vending machines to drop down the products
directly, which may lead to some product packaging damaged when dropped, carbonated
beverages could be splash after the fall of the impact when it opened. It should be upgrade
since the vending machine have been around for decades, has grown sharply during the
recent decade. So some upgrade such as cushion must be put so it can prevent the
packaging from being damage.
Second is to simplify the button in order to make human easy to use. Such as Code Input
to Select Goods vending machines are not so-called the "eyes closed operations" realm.
So normally user are not adapt with this system that can stressed user while using this
kind of machine.
Changes such as a single user interface to multi-interface, Variety of ways to buy, avoid
unnecessary visual elements, and increase the user experience is must in order to
increase the man-machine experience in a good way.

REFERENCE

Human-Machine Interface (HMI). Techpedia. Retrieved on MAY 10 th, 2016 from

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/12829/human-machine-interface-hmi
Man

Machine Interface. Subnet. Retrieved on MAY 10th, 2016 from

http://www.subnet.com/resources/dictionary/man-machine-interface.aspx

Frode Eika Sandnes (Jul 15, 2014). User Interface Design for Public Kiosks: An Evaluation
of the Taiwan Vending Machine. Research Gate. Retrieved on MAY 10th, 2016
fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/220587882_User_Interface_Design_f
or_
Public_Kiosks_An_Evaluation_of_the_Taiwan_ _Vending_ Machine
Ticket vending interface. ICON-Rethink. Retrieved on MAY 10th, 2016 from
http://www.iconeye.com/opinion/rethink/item/9768-ticket-vending-interface

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b270/04b0cb90253ece92f76430e1fe0360d68b07.pdf