203477 Pavement structure

PAVEMENT
DISTRESS

(D.ENG)

1.
-Flexible pavements.

Those which are surfaced with

bituminous (or asphalt) materials. These types of pavements are
called "flexible"
flexible since the total pavement structure "bends"
bends or
"deflects" due to traffic loads. A flexible pavement structure is
generally composed of several layers of materials which can
accommodate this "fle
"flexing".
ing"

-Rigid pavements.

Those which are surfaced with portland

cement concrete (PCC)
(PCC). These types of pavements are called
"rigid" because they are substantially stiffer than flexible
pavements due to PCC's high stiffness
both flexible and rigid pavements
can be designed for long life (e.g., in
excess of 30 years) with only
minimal
i i l maintenance
i

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01203571 pavement design

1 1
1.1
Rigid pavement

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01203571 pavement design

Flexible Pavements
1.2

Figure 1.: Basic Flexible Pavement Structure

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1.2
Fl ibl Pavements
Flexible
P
t Structure
St
t
CL

Wheel Load
shoulder

surface
base

selected
sub grade

Figure 2. Flexible pavement structure and wheel load distribution

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01203571 pavement design

1.3.Pavements Structure
1.3.1 Subgrade Course
- sub grade is a original soil
-to make a standard,
standard it require soil improvement
by soil compaction if it is a Soft-spot soil
=>should to remove (Excavation)
-Stiff soil ok could distribute load or high
baring/stress capability

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01203571 pavement design

1.3.2.Selected Materials
-we will use selected material in case of the
original Subgrades quality very bad eq. CBR
2%
- so many selected materials such as Soil
Aggregates Or Sand

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01203571 pavement design

1 3 3 S bb
1.3.3.Subbase
Course
C

The subbase course is between the base course and the subgrade. It functions
y as structural support but it can also:
primarily
1.Minimize the intrusion of fines from the subgrade into the pavement
structure.
2.Improve drainage.
3.Minimize frost action damage.
4.Provide a working platform for construction.
The subbase generally consists of lower quality materials than the base course
but better than the subgrade soils. A subbase course is not always needed
or used.
d For
F example,
l a pavementt constructed
t t d over a high
hi h quality,
lit stiff
tiff
subgrade may not need the additional features offered by a subbase course
so it may be omitted from design. However, a pavement constructed over a
low quality soil such as a swelling clay may require the additional load
distribution characteristic that a subbase course can offer. In this scenario
the subbase course may consist of high quality fill used to replace poor
quality subgrade (over excavation)

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01203571 pavement design

1.3.4. Subbase Course-cont

Materials : Soil Aggregate that has the well graded

(dense grade) =>low percent of air void after
compaction and high density
Materials in group of soil aggregate are
-Laterite or lateritic soils
-gravel
g
mixed sand
-soil mixed sand
-soil+sand that are stabilized by Cement or Asphalt

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01203571 pavement design

1.3.5.Base Course
- Base courses are most typically constructed from durable
aggregates. The Material in this base course are crushed
i
igneous
rock
k (granite,
(
i marble
bl etc),
) lilimestone, soilil aggregate
- Use the High quality of Materials because this base
course are received by the high density of stresses.

In certain situations where high base stiffness is

desired, base courses can be constructed using a
varietyy of HMA mixes
Type of Base
1. Hot-rolled Asphalt
2. Water bound Macadam
3 Soil
3.
S il St
Stabilization
bili ti
4. Base course or Soil Aggregate*
*in most case we use in Thailand

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Figure 3: Limerock Base Course

Undergoing Final Grading

01203571 pavement design

136S f
1.3.6.Surface
C
Course

11

Type of surface pavement

1 surface made from soil or crushed rock
1.surface
2. Asphalt concretes
3. Cement concrete

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01203571 pavement design

A. (Structural failure)
B
B.

(Functional
(F
ti
l ffailure)
il )

12

A. (Structural failure)

(Shear Failures)

13

A. (Structural failure)

((Deep-Foundation
p
Consolidation))

14

B. (Functional failure)

1
1.
2.
3.
4.

(Cracking)

(Distortion)
((Disintegration)
g
)
((Surface Defect))

15

1
1.
(Cracking)
1.1
(Alligator cracking or fatigue crack)
1.2 (Shrinkage crack or
Block crack)
1 3
1.3
(Reflection crack)
1.4
((Slippage
pp g crack))
1.5 (Edge crack)
16

1.1 (Alligator Crack or fatigue crack)

17

(Seal coat)
(skin patching)

(Deep patching)

1.2
(Shrinkage crack or Block crack)

18

(Seal coat)
(Overlay)

1 3
1.3
(Reflection crack)

19

1 4
1.4
(Slippage crack)

20

(skin patching)
(Deep patching)

1.5 (Edge crack) ,

(Longitudinal Cracks)

21

22

2
2.

(Distortion)
2.1 (Grade Depression)
2.2 (Rutting)
2.3 (Corrugation
and shoving)
2 4
2.4
(Upheaval or swell)
23

2 1
2.1

(Grade Depression)

24

(consolidation)

(Seal coat)
(skin patching)
(Deep patching)
(Overlay)

2.2 (Rutting)

25

()

()

(skin patching)
(Deep patching)
(Overlay)

2.3
(C
(Corrugation
ti and
d shoving)
h i )

26

(skin patching)
(Deep patching)
(Overlay)

2.4 ((Upheaval
p
or swell))

(Expansion soil)

(Deep patching)
(Overlay)

27

3
3.
(Disintegration)
(Di i t
ti )
3.1 (Pot holes)
3 2
3.2
(Reveling
(R
li or weathering)
th i )

28

3.1 (Pot Holes)

29

Prime coat

(Deep patching)


cold
mix asphalt ()

3.2 (Reveling or weathering)

30

(Seal

(S l coat)t)

4.
(Surface Defects)

4.1 (Bleeding)
4.2 ((Polished aggregate)
gg g )

31

4 1
4.1

(Bleeding)
(
i )

(Seal coat)
(Skidding)





32

4.2 ((Polished aggregate)

gg g )

(Seal
(S l coat)t)
(Overlay)

33

34

35

1.
2.
3.
4.

36

(cracking)
(Joint deficiencies)
(Surface Defects)
(Miscellaneous
d fi i i
deficiencies

1 (cracking)
1.
C1 (Conner brakes)
C2
(Durability cracking or D
D cracking)
C3 (Longitudinal cracking)
C4 (Transverse cracking

37

C1
(Conner brakes)

38

pumping

SSeall

Subscaling
Partial Depth repair
Full -depth
p repair
p
Overlay

C2
(Durability cracking or D cracking)

(Durability of
Concrete)

39

freeze-thaw

40

Partial Depth repair

Full -depth repair
Reseal joint
subdrains

C3
(Longit dinal cracking)
(Longitudinal

SScaling
li
Partial Depth repair
Full -depth repair

41

C4
(T
(Transverse
crack)
k)

42

SScaling
li
Partial - depth repair
Full -depth repair

2

(Joint deficiencies)
J1

((Joint seal damage)

g )
J2

(Spalling of longitudinal joints)
J3

(Spalling of transversal joints)
43

J1
(Joint seal damage)

44

(Joint scaling)

Scaling
Partial - depth repair
Full -depth repair

J2
(Spalling of longitudinal joints)

Partial - depth repair

Joint resealing

45

J3
(Spalling of transversal joints)

46

Partial - depth repair

Joint resealing

3.3
(Surface
(S f Defects)
Df t)
S1 (Map cracking)
S2 (Scaling)
S3 (Polished Aggregate)
S4 (Pop-outs)

47

S1
(M cracking)
(Map
ki )

(over finishing)

48

(Structural
y
overlay)

S2 (Scaling)
g

(over finishing)

Partial - depth repair

((Structural
overlay)

49

S3
(P li h d Aggregate)
(Polished
A
t )

50

(Structural
y
overlay)

S4
(P
(Pop-outs)
t )

Alkaline

(Structural
overlay)

51

4.

(Miscellaneous deficiencies)
M1 (Blowups)
M2

(faulting
(f lti off transverse
t
joints and cracks)
M3 (lane to shoulder drop off)
M4 (lane to shoulder
separation)
M5
52

(water bleeding and pumping)

M1
(Blowups)

Full -depth repair

R li jjoints/cracking
Rescaling
i / ki

53

M2 (faulting of transverse joints

and cracks)
(Faulted or Depressed Joints)

54

 Faulted or Depressed Joints

Grainding
Structural overlay
Subseal
Sub drainage
Reseal
Restore load transfer
Edge support

55

M3
(l
(lane
to
t shoulder
h ld drop
d
off)
ff)

56

(Consolidation)

M4
(l
(lane
to
t shoulder
h ld separation)
ti )

57

(Consolidation)

M5

(water bleeding and pumping)

58

sub scaling
(sub drainage)


(Shrinkage Cracks)

59

(Frozen Dowel Bars)

60


(Warping Cracks)

61

(Contraction Cracks)

62


(Pumping and Blowing)

63

(Structural Breaking)

64


(Deep-Foundation Movement)

65

1.

2.
3.

4
4.


66

(Patching)

Mudjack

67

1.

2.

68

E d
End

Question?

Thank you for your attendtion

(D.ENG)

69