PROJECT

IN
SCIENCE
INORGANIC COMPOUND
Submitted To: Maam Theresa
Largadas
Submitted By: Jan Vincent Gutierrez

Inorganic compound

An inorganic compound is a compound that is

not organic. The term is not well defined, but in its
simplest definition refers to compounds that do not
contain carbon, and not consisting of or deriving
from living matter. Inorganic compounds are
traditionally viewed as being synthesized by the
agency of geological systems. In contrast, organic
compounds are found in biological systems. The
distinction
between
inorganic
and
organic
compounds is not always clear. Organic chemists
traditionally refer to any molecule containing
carbon as an organic compound and by default this
means that inorganic chemistry deals with
molecules lacking carbon. As many minerals are of
biological origin, biologists may distinguish organic
from inorganic compounds in a different way that
does not hinge on the presence of a carbon atom.
Pools of organic matter, for example, that have
been metabolically incorporated into living tissues
persist in decomposing tissues, but as molecules
become oxidized into the open environment, such
as atmospheric CO2, this creates a separate pool of
inorganic compounds. The International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry, an agency widely
recognized for defining chemical terms, does not
offer definitions of inorganic or organic. Hence, the

definition for an inorganic versus an organic

compound in a multidisciplinary context spans the
division between organic life living (or animate)
and inorganic non-living (or inanimate) matter.

Traditional usage
The Whler
synthesis is
the
conversion
of ammonium cyanate into urea.
This
chemical
reaction was discovered in 1828 by Friedrich
Whler and is considered the starting point of
modern organic chemistry.
The Whler synthesis is of great historical
significance because for the first time an organic
compound was produced from inorganic reactants.
This finding went against the mainstream theory of
that time called vitalism, which stated that organic
matter
possessed
a
special
force
or vital
force inherent to all things living. For this reason a
sharp boundary existed between organic and
inorganic compounds. Urea was discovered in 1799
and
could
until
1828
only
be
obtained
from biological sources such as urine. Whler
reported to his mentor Berzelius.

"I cannot, so to say, hold my chemical water and

must tell you that I can make urea without thereby
needing to have kidneys, or anyhow, an animal, be
it human or dog".

Modern usage
Inorganic compounds can be defined as any
compound that is not organic compound. Some
simple compounds which contain carbon are
usually considered inorganic. These include carbon
monoxide, carbon
dioxide, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, carbides,
and thiocyanates. In contrast, methane and formic
acid are generally considered to be simple
examples of organic compounds, although the
Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD), in its
definition of "inorganic" carbon compounds, states
that such compounds may contain either C-H or CC bonds, but not both.

Coordination chemistry
A large class of compounds discussed in
inorganic chemistry textbooks are coordination
compounds. Examples range from substances that
are strictly inorganic, such as [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, to
organometallic compounds, such as Fe(C5H5)2, and
extending to bioinorganic compounds, such as
the hydrogenase enzymes.

Mineralogy
Minerals are mainly oxides and sulfides, which
are strictly inorganic, although they may be of
biological origin. In fact, most of the Earth is
inorganic. Although the components of Earth's crust
are well-elucidated, the processes of mineralization
and the composition of the deep mantle remain
active areas of investigation, which are covered
mainly in geology-oriented venues.

Inorganic
Compounds

Examples of

1. H2O - Water is a simple inorganic compound,

even though it contains hydrogen, a key atom
(along with carbon) in many organic compounds.
The atoms in a molecule of water have formed very
simple bonds due to this lack of carbon.
2. HCl - Hydrochloride, also known as hydrochloric
acid when it is dissolved in water, is a colorless,
corrosive acid with a fairly strong pH. It is found in
the gastric juices of many animals, helping in
digestion by breaking down food.
3. CO2 - Carbon dioxide, despite the presence of a
carbon atom in the formula, is classified as an
inorganic compound. This has caused a dispute
within the scientific community, with questions
being raised as to the validity of our current
methods of classifying compounds. Currently,
organic compounds contain a carbon or a
hydrocarbon, which forms a stronger bond. The
bond formed by carbon in CO2 is not a strong bond.
4. NO2 - Nitrogen dioxide gas presents a variety of
colors at different temperatures. It is often
produced in atmospheric nuclear tests, and is
responsible for the tell-tale reddish color displayed

in mushroom clouds. It is highly toxic, and forms

fairly weak bonds between the nitrogen and oxygen
atoms.
5. Fe2O3 - Iron (III) oxide is one of the three main
oxides of iron, and is an inorganic compound due to
the lack of a carbon atom or a hydrocarbon. Iron
(III) oxide occurs naturally as hematite, and is the
source of most iron for the steel production
industry. It is commonly known as rust, and shares
a number of characteristics with its naturally
occurring counterpart.
6.
Beryllium
chloride is
an inorganic
compound with
the formula BeCl2.
It
is
a
colourless, hygroscopic solid that dissolves well in
many polar solvents. Its properties are similar to
those
of aluminium
chloride,
due
to beryllium's diagonal relationship with aluminium.
Structure and synthesis[edit]
Beryllium chloride is prepared by reaction of the
metal with chlorine at high temperatures:[2]
Be + Cl2 BeCl2
BeCl2 can also be prepared by carbothermal
reduction of beryllium oxide in the presence of

chlorine.[3] BeCl2 can be prepared by treating Be

metal with hydrogen chloride.

The solid is a 1-dimensional polymer consisting

of edge-shared tetrahedral. In contrast, BeF2 is a
3-dimensional polymer, with a structure akin to
that of quartz. In the gas phase, it exists both as
a linear monomer and a bridged dimer with two
bridging chlorine atoms where the beryllium
atom is 3-coordinate. The linear shape of the
monomeric
form
is
as
predicted
by VSEPR theory. The linear shape contrasts with
the monomeric forms of some of the dihalides of
the
heavier
members
of
group
2,
e.g. CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BaBr2,
and BaI2, which are all non-linear.
7. Cadmium fluoride (CdF2) is a mostly waterinsoluble source of cadmium used in oxygensensitive applications, such as the production of
metallic alloys. In extremely low concentrations
(ppm), this and other fluoride compounds are
used in limited medical treatment protocols.
Fluoride compounds also have significant uses in

synthetic organic chemistry.[2] The standard

enthalpy has been found to be -167.39 kcal.
mole1 and the Gibbs energy of formation has
been found to be -155.4 kcal. mole1, and the
heat of sublimation was determined to be 76
kcal. Mole

8.
Dinitrogen
pentoxide is
the chemical
compound with the formula N2O5. Also known as
nitrogen
pentoxide,
N2O5 is
one
of
the
binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds
that only contain nitrogen and oxygen. It is an
unstable and potentially dangerous oxidizer that
once was used as a reagent when dissolved
in chloroform for nitrations but has largely been
superseded
by
NO2BF4(nitronium
tetrafluoroborate).
N2O5 is a rare example of a compound that
adopts two structures depending on the
conditions: most commonly it is a salt, but under
some conditions it is a polar molecule: