2.

1 Introduction
Buck converter
1

SPDT switch changes dc

component

+
Vg

vs(t)

Switch output voltage

waveform
Duty cycle D:
0D1

complement D:
D = 1 - D
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

vs(t)

v(t)

Vg
D'Ts

DTs

0
0
Switch
position:

DTs
1

Ts
2

t
1

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Dc component of switch output voltage

vs(t)

Vg
vs = DVg

area =
DTsVg

DTs

Ts

Fourier analysis: Dc component = average value

vs = 1
Ts

Ts

vs(t) dt
0

vs = 1 (DTsVg) = DVg
Ts
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Insertion of low-pass filter to remove switching

harmonics and pass only dc component
L

+
Vg

vs(t)

v(t)

V
v vs = DVg

Vg

0
0
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Three basic dc-dc converters

(a)

iL (t)
2

Vg

M(D) = D

0.8

+
C

M(D)

Buck

0.6
0.4
0.2

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.8

(b)

iL (t)
1

Vg

M(D) = 1 1 D

+
M(D)

Boost

3
2
1

0
0

0.2

0.4

(c)

0.2

0.4

0
1

Vg

iL (t)

M(D)

Buck-boost

2
3
4

M(D) = 1DD

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Objectives of this chapter

G
G

Develop techniques for easily determining output

voltage of an arbitrary converter circuit
Derive the principles of inductor volt-second balance
and capacitor charge (amp-second) balance
Introduce the key small ripple approximation
Develop simple methods for selecting filter element
values
Illustrate via examples

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis