მედია სამართალი და ეთიკა

media, samarTali da eTika
samecniero studenturi konferenciis

naSromebi
gamomcemloba ùniversali~
Tbilisi 2015
UDC(uak)34+17+0507(479.22)(163)+378.4(479.22)(063)
T-388
`media, samarTali da eTika~ 2015 wlis 4-5 ivniss,
TbilisSi, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisa da doiCe vele akademiis organizebiT Catarebuli konferenciis monawileTagan SerCeuli Svidi saukeTeso moxsenebis krebulia.
gamocema gankuTvnilia studentebisTvis, mecnierebisTvis, praqtikaSi moRvaweTaTvis, aseve, mediasamarTlisa da Jurnalistikis sakiTxiT dainteresebuli pirebisTvis.
samecniero redaqtorebi: kaxaber mWedliSvili
sergi jorbenaZe
ydis dizaini: dimitri gegenava
naSromebis krebulad gamocema akademiurad uzrunvelyo
daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis institutma.
krebuli gamodis doiCe vele akademiis finansuri mxardaWeriT.
avtorebi, 2015
gamomcemloba ùniversali~, 2015
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: universal@internet.ge
ISBN 978-9941-22-614-4
sarCevi
winasityvaoba.....................................................................................5
PREFACE ............................................................................................. 8
qeTevan buaZe
sareklamo dro da misi dacva saqarTvelos

konstituciiTa da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
evropuli konvenciiT ..................................................................... 10
giorgi baRdavaZe
sad gadis zRvari informaciis Tavisufal

gavrcelebasa da piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis
pativiscemas Soris?........................................................................ 29
salome gorgoZe
religiuri Tematika da eTikuri standarti qarTul

onlainmediaSi...................................................................................... 58
nata ZveliSvili
eTikuri problemebi qarTul onlainmediaSi

socialuri qselebis gamoyenebisas........................................ 78
mariam TurqiSvili
mediis gavlena marTlmsajulebaze ........................................ 99

Tamar kareliZe
TviTregulirebis organoebi regionul

mauwyeblebSi ........................................................................................ 120
Tamari mamulaSvili
omari margvelaSvili
siZulvilis ena mediaSi _ gamoxatvis

Tavisuflebis farglebi ............................................................... 133
w i n a s i t y v a o b a
saqarTveloSi sityvis Tavisuflebis da ganaTlebis
mxardaWera demokratiis qvakuTxedia. gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania am procesSi aqtiuri, ganaTlebuli momavali Taobis, Cveni studentebis CarTuloba. am perspeqtividan, misasalmebelia studentTa samecniero konferenciis `media, samarTali da eTika: Tavisufleba sazRvrebis gareSe?~ naSromebis krebulis gamocema.
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebze saubrisas, xSirad mivsulvarT im azramde, rom
aucilebelia Jurnalistikis da maskomunikaciis departamentis da iuridiuli fakultetis aqtiuri TanamSromloba mediasamarTlis aqtualur sakiTxebze. Cveni
saganmanaTleblo miznebi Tanmimdevrulad xorcieldeba
`doiCe vele akademiis~ daxmarebiT. bolo ori wlis
manZilze, momzadda erTloblivi konferenciebi, publikaciebi da ganaxlda saswavlo kursebi. samecniero naSromebis es krebulic aris ori fakultetis da avtoritetuli saerTaSoriso organizaciis warmatebuli
TanamSromlobis dadastureba. momavali Jurnalistebisa
da iuristebisaTvis, es aris unikaluri SesaZlebloba
diskusiisTvis, CarTulobisTvis, gaxsnili urTierTobisTvis.
ormagad sasixaruloa, rom am krebulSi warmodgenili publikaciebis samecniero xarisxi maRalia. interdisciplinuri konferenciis organizatorebma mTeli
qveynis masStabiT miiRes 60-ze meti ganacxadi, saidanac
5
SearCies 21 saukeTeso momxsenebeli (eqvsi umaRlesi

saswavleblidan). konferenciaSi monawileobdnen bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis safexuris studentebi rogorc samarTlis, aseve Jurnalistikis skolebidan. studentebma SerCevis da recenzirebis
procesSi gamoiares urTulesi gza da yvela is etapi,
rac maRali donis akademiuri konferenciisTvis aris
aucilebeli. maTi es Sroma dagvirgvinda publikaciebis
SerCeviT da saukeTeso naSromebis gamoqveynebiT. maTTvis es iyo gamowveva. es iyo gaomwveva orive fakultetis profesorebisTvisac. konferenciaze bevri kargi
moxseneba iqna warmodgenili, romelic krebulSi ver
moxvda, magram imedi gvaqvs, rom maT avtorebs akademiur sivrceSi kvlav vixilavT.
winamdebare krebuli mkiTxvels sxvadasxva aqtualur sakiTxze daafiqrebs, gamoiwvevs diskusiaSi da pasuxs gascems iseT kiTxvebs, romelic aucilebelia qveyanaSi demokratiis ganviTarebisaTvis. am krebulma Sekriba avtorebi, romlebsac surT ixilon damoukidebeli
da maRali pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone media, sadac daculi iqneba eTikis normebi, gamoiricxeba siZulvilis ena da mikerZoebuloba. amis misaRwevad yvelaze
kargi meqnizmi aris pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse kanonmorCili sazogadoeba, romelmac kargad icis Tavisi uflebebi da, romlis winaSec angariSvaldebulia aseve profesionali Jurnalisti. Jurnalisti, romelsac gacnobierebuli aqvs Tavisi uflebebi, roli da daniSnuleba.
Tavis mxriv, swored sauniveristeto sivrceSi miRebul
maRalxarisxiani ganaTlebas SeuZlia Seasrulos gadam6
wyveti roli Tavisufali media garemos ganviTarebaSi.

amisTvis ki saWiroa meti mondomeba da Sromismoyvareoba. am procesSi, kidev ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba iuridiuli fakultetisa da Jurnalistikis skolis erToblivi muSaoba, rac Zalzed mniSvnelovani da misasalmebelia. vfiqrobT, ideebi kvlav bevria. am krebulis gamocemasTan erTad ki, Cveni samomavlo TanamSromloba
axal, Zalian sainetereso etapze gadavida.
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis saxeliT, gvinda kidev erTxel madloba gadavuxadoT mediis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso
organizacia `doiCe vele akademias~ mxardaWerisTvis.
madlobas vuxdiT aseve am krebulis avtorebs, recenzentebs da redaqtorebs, swored maTi dauRalavi
Sroma gvaimedebs, rom mediasamarTlis da Jurnalisturi eTikis aqtualur sakiTxebze samecniero diskusias,
kidev ufro farTo akademiuri sazogadoeba SeuerTdeba.
mariam gersamia
profesori, Jurnalistikis da masobrivi komunikaciis
departamentis xelmZRvaneli, akademiis sabWos wevri
moris SalikaSvili
asocirebuli profesori,
iuridiuli fakultetis dekanis moadgile
Tbilisi, seqtemberi 2015

7
P R E F A C E
The role and responsibility of the media is subject to the
underlying law. Due to the changes of media, such as the
significant rise of using social media, the law is also facing
new challenges, as the borders of ethical standards and legal
provisions increasingly appear to blur.
With this journal we are, on the one hand, looking at the
results of a long-lasting and reliable cooperation between the
Ivane Javakhishivili Tbilisi State University and Deutsche
Welles international media development and training centre
DW Akademie. This cooperation has been enhanced through a
number of #MediaRule!-conferences held in 2014 and 2015.
For Deutsche Welle and DW Akademie it is crucial to support
not only established media professionals. but also to invest and
engage in the qualified education of students as future
decision-makers. The articles cover a large variety of topics of
importance in Georgias current media landscape: legal and
ethical limitations of the human right to freedom of expression,
taking into account the full range of media from print, and
TV to internet and social media - ; the role of the media as
impartial mediator (including its self-regulation mechanisms);
the influence of media as the fourth power on the judiciary;
and last but not least, the challenges resulting from the
European Convention on Human Rights and the ratification of
the EU-Georgia Association Agreement.
We congratulate the authors, who made a new,
interdisciplinary, and high-quality approach by connecting
their different backgrounds and views be it from journalistic,
political, social or legal perspective. This interdisciplinary
8
approach is essential in order to achieve a holistic coverage of

the current field of media law and media ethics.
On the other hand, this journal also wishes to encourage
media professionals, professors, teachers and students to
continue their engagement and cooperation and therebyhelp to
establish a sustainable network of both media and legal experts.
Deutsche Welle and DW Akademie are very much looking
forward to continue their support of this development as well
as the general Georgian-EU association process.
We would like to express our gratitude to everyone who
made this publication possible. We owe our special thanks to
the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences and Dean Tamara
Dolbaia; to the Faculty of Law and Dean Irakli Burduli; to the
Department of Journalism and Mass Communications and
Head Mariam Gersamia; and to the Vice Dean of the Faculty of
Law, Moris Shalikashvili. The latter both prepared the ground
for this interdisciplinary exchange of different faculties
students; special thanks also go to Kachaber Mtchedlishvili and
Sergi Jorbenadze, who both reviewed the articles in this journal
and encouraged the authors in their writing; and last but not
least to the authors, whose creativity, diligence and knowledge
are the basis for making this and future publications possible.
Bonn, September 2015
Michael Flesch, LL.M.
Legal Advisor, Development Cooperation
Legal Department, Deutsche Welle
qeTevan buaZe
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis doqtoranti, magistri; kiolnis universitetis magistri, LL.M. germanul samarTalSi
sareklamo dro da misi dacva

saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli
konvenciiT
(saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb

SeTanxmebis, 2010/13/EU direqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT)
Sesavali
2015 wlis 1 aprilidan ZalaSi Sevida mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis cvlilebaTa paketi.
cvlilebebis teqstma, rogorc kanonproeqtma araerTi
ganxilva, diskusia, kritika gaiara. kanonproeqtma, romlis ganxilva komisiam 2014 wlis zafxulSi daiwyo,
2015 wlis TebervalSi kanonis saxe miiRo.
cvlilebebi mniSvnelovania imdenad ramdenadac is
Seicavs sareklamo drois regulirebas, romelzec, rogorc aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTeze, mauwyeblebs
sakuTrebis ufleba gaaCniaT. aRsaniSnavia, rom cvlilebis erT-erT ZiriTad safuZvlad kanonmdebelma saqar10
Tvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba da 2010/13/EU evro direqtiva daasaxela. Tumca, rogorc SeTanxmeba ise direqtiva rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, ise regulaciis implementaciis kuTxiT gansxvavebul midgomebs awesebs.
swored amitom Temis mizania sareklamo drois,
rogorc aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTis definireba,
misi dacvis meqanizmebis gamokveTa saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxlisa da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli
muxlis Sesabamisad, dakavSirebuli saukeTeso praqtikis
warmogena. aseve, zemoaRniSnuli cvlilebaTa paketis gaSuqeba saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis
SeTanxmebisa da 2010/13/EU direqtivis WrilSi da misi
gavlena saqarTvelos sareklamo bazarze (rogorc samarTlebrivi, ise finansuri analizi).
1. sareklamo dro da misi dacva saqarTvelos
konstituciiT da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
evropuli konvenciiT
sareklamo dro, aris drois monakveTi mauwyeblis
samauwyeblo drois manZilze,1 romlis ganmavlobaSic
safasuris, an sxva ekonomikuri sargeblis sanacvlod
fizikuri an/da iuridiuli piris, saqonlis, momsaxurebis, samuSaos, ideis an/da wamowyebis Sesaxeb vrceldeba
informacia, mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT
1
`mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 2, punqti

h18.
11
gaTvaliswinebuli formiT, mizniT da dadgenil farglebSi.2 Tavis mxriv, samauwyeblo dro, rogor sikeTe
2015 wlis 17 ivnisamde mauwyebels eqmneboda licenziis3 an/da avtorizaciis safuZvelze,4 xolo 2015 wlis
17 ivnisidan cifruli mauwyeblobis licenziis mqone
multipleqs operatorTan5 gaformebuli xelSekrulebis an radiosixSiruli speqtriT sargeblobis nebarTvis safuZvelze.6
sareklamo dro warmoadgens mauwyeblis aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTes, radgan es aris mauwyeblebis
ufleba, romelic SeiZleba gadaeces rogorc sxva pirebs, ise gamiznulia saimisod, rom maT mflobels Seeqmnas materialuri sargebeli.7 mauwyebelTa aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, iseve rogorc materialuri,
daculia sakuTrebis uflebiT.8
2
igive kanoni, muxli 2, punqti n, aseve, muxli 64 punqti 11.

igive kanoni, muxli 36, punqti 2.
4 igive muxli, punqti 3.
5
kompania sam licenziis mflobeli gaxdeba. MUX - B licenziis
farglebSi
erovnuli
dafarvis
qselSi
Ria
eTeriT
telemauwyebelTa gavrceleba SeeZleba, MUX C da MUX D
licenziebis farglebSi ki samauwyeblo signalis gavrcelebas
rogorc Ria eTerSi, aseve komerciuli miznebisTvisac (Pay TV)
SeZlebs.
<http://gncc.ge/ge/regulation/digital-broadcatsing/cifrulimauwyeblobis-uzrunvelsayofad-gamocxadebuli-konkursze-erti-monawilekompania-darcha-12114.page> [25.08.2015].
6
<http://gncc.ge/ge/news/press-releases/komisiam-tbilisis-samauwyeblozonis-telekompaniebs-cifruli-mauwyeblobis-uzrunvelsayofadradiosixshiruli-speqtrit-sargeblobis-nebartva-mianicha.page> [25.08.2015]
7
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, 147-e da 152-e muxlebi.
8
mauwyeblis sakuTrebis uflebis Sesaxeb ramodenime midgoma
ixileT jorbenaZe s., mauwyeblis sakuTreba (`mauwyeblobis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis VII Tavis zogadi analizi), besarion
12
3
2. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi - mauwyeblis

sauTrebis uflebis SezRudva, Tu daaxloebis
valdebulebis Sesruleba saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs
Soris asocirebis SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad
2015 wlis pirveli aprilidan ZalaSi Sevida mauwyeblobis SesaxebsaqarTvelos kanonis cvlilebebi.
cvlilebebis kanonproeqtze muSaoba jer kidev 2014
wlis zafxulidan daiwyo saqarTvelos komunikaciebis
erovnul komisiaSi, xolo Semdgom ukve saqarTvelos
parlamentSi. cvlilebebi, romlis safuZvlad kanonproeqtis iniciatori, Semdgom ki kanonmdebeli saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebasa9 da 2010/13/EU evro direqtivas10 asaxelebda,
arc meti arc naklebi pirdapir exeboda mauwyeblis sakurebis uflebas.
sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT SeizRuda:
1) sareklamo drois moculoba. Tu cvlilebamde
kanoniT sareklamo drois odenoba mauwyeblebis mTeli
samauwyeblo drois 20%-iT ganisazRvreboda, cvlilebebiT moxda damatebiT misi samauwyeblo saaTSi 20%-iT
SezRudva;11
zoiZe 60 saiubileo gamocema, daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis
institutis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 2013, 165-166.
9
SemdgomSi - asocirebis SeTanxmeba.
10
SemdgomSi - evro direqtiva, directive 2010/13/EU of the European
Parliament and of the council, 10th march, 2010.
11
`mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, 64-e muxli me-2
punqti; aRsaniSnavia, aseve rom kanonproeqtis Tavdapirvel
redaqciaSi aRniSnuli moculobis kidev ufro Semcireba iyo
Cadebuli da ganixilavdnen samauwyeblo saaTSi 15%-is odenobiT.
13
2) sasponsoro reklamis drois moculoba. sasponsoro reklamis drois odenoba da Sinaarsi ar iyo daregulirebuli kanoniT. cvlilebebiT 2016 wlis 15
ianvramde sponsorobis moculoba samauwyeblo saaTSi 4
wuTiT SeizRuda, xolo 2016 wlis 15 ianvridan sponsorobisas aikrZala saqonlis/momsaxurebis SeZenis, miwodebis da moxmarebisaken pirdapiri miwodeba am saqonelze an/da momsaxurebaze specialuri miTiTebiT.12
asocirebis SeTanxmebis danarTi XXXIII-iT, saxelwodebiT audiovizualur da media sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, saxelmwifom aiRo valdebuleba Tavis
kanonmdeblobis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan, kerZod, ki direqtivasTan TandaTanobiTi daaxloebis Sesaxeb mxareTa SeTanxmebul vadebSi. vadebi ki Semdegnairad
ganisazRvra, direqtivis implementaciisaTvis asocirebis
SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan sam wliani vada, xolo
amave direqtivis 23-e muxlis implementaciisaTvis xuT
wliani vada iqna dadgenili. direqtiva, Tavis mxriv,
rogorc sareklamo drois moculobis limitirebas, ise
sponsorobisas saqonlis/momsaxurebis SeZenis, miwodebis
da moxmarebisaken pirdapir miwodebas krZalavs am saqonelze an/da momsaxurebaze specialuri miTiTebiT.13 Sedegad, mivdivarT im daskvnamde, rom marTalia zemoaRniSnuli ori SezRudva mauwyeblebis sakuTrebis Wril-
12
igive kanoni, 67-e muxli, me-3 punqti.

direqtiva, 23-e da me-10 muxlebi.
14
13
Si evropuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisia,14 magram problemas maTi implementaciis vadebi warmoadgens.

aRsaniSnavia, rom evropulma sazogadoebam audiovizualur politikis saboloo Camoyalibebamde da Sesabamisad, 2010/13/EU audiovizualuri media momsaxurebebis
direqtivis miRebamde grZeli gza ganvlo. 1984 wels miRebuli iqna dokumenti mauwyeblebis saerTo bazris Sesaxeb, 1989 wels miRebul iqna direqtiva telemauwyebloba
sazRvrebis gareSe, 1997 wels es direqtiva pirvelad gadaisinja, 2007 wels SemuSavda audiovizualuri media
momsaxurebebis direqtiva, xolo 2010 wels ki misi kodificireba moxda.15 am xangrZliv procesSi Catarebul
iqna araerTi konferencia, sajaro konsultacia, fokus
jgufebTan samuSao Sexvedra Tu kvleva, imisaTvis rom
Seswavlili da gamokvleuli yofiliyo regulaciis gavlena sareklamo, Tu zogadad audiovizualur bazarsa da
garemoze, regulirebis ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi, maT
Soris, momxmarebelTa interesebi.16
14
aRsaniSnavia, rom komisiis inicirebul redaciaSi, romelic

parlamentis sakomiteto mosmenebze iqna gatanili da ganxiluli
redaqciSi iyo debulebebi, romlebic pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeboda
direqtivas;
15
<http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/reg/
history/index_en.htm> [25.08.2015].
16
<http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/reg/
history/consult/focus_groups/index_en.htm> [25.08.2015] _
aseve,
ixileT komitetis dokumentis eleqtronuli versia:
<http://ec.europa.eu/comm/avpolicy/reg/tvwf/contact_comm/index_en.h
tm> [25.08.2015].
<http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/docs/reg/mo
dernisation/focus_groups/fg2_wp_en.pdf> [25.08.2015].
15
mTeli es procesi naTels xdis, Tu ratom moxda

asocirebis SeTanxmebiT direqtivis implementaciisaTvis
samwliani, xolo sareklamo drois SezRudvisaTvis
xuTwliani vadis gansazRvra. samwuxarod saqarTveloSi
sajaro konsultacia, fokus jgufebTan samuSao Sexvedra, Tu kvleva, imisaTvis rom Seswavlili da gamokvleuli yofiliyo regulaciis gavlena sareklamo bazarze
da garemoze, maT Soris, momxmarebelTa gamokiTxva ar
Catarebulia, garda ganxilvebisa komunikaciebis erovnul komisiasa Tu saqarTvelos parlamentSi.
2. sakuTrebis uflebis dacva saqarTvelos
konsitituciis da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
konvenciis mixedviT
saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxliT sakuTrebis ufleba aRiarebuli da xelSeuvalia. aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe ki saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e
muxlisa da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
praqtikis Sesabamisad sakuTrebis uflebiT dacul obieqtad iTvleba.17 sasamarTlos mier aseTad iqna miCneuli iseTi aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, rogoric
aris aqcia,18 wili SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazo<http://ec.europa.eu/justice/consumer-marketing/files/empirical_report_
final_-_2011-06-15.pdf> [25.08.2015].
17
tuRuSi T., burjanaZe g., mSvenieraZe g., gociriZe g., menabde v.,
adamianis uflebebi da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

samarTalwarmoebis praqtika, Tbilisi, 2013, 243-247.
18 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 18 maisis
#2/1-370,382,390,402,405 gadawyvetileba saqmeze saqarTvelos mo16
gadoebaSi,19 moTxovnis ufleba,20 miuRebeli Semosavali21 da rogorc dasabegri mogeba (Semosavali), ise dabegrili Semosavali (mogeba).22
2005 wlis gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze `saaqcio sazogadoebebi `saqgazi~ da ànajgufi~ (yofili `Tbilgazoaparati~) saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg~ saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom
konstituciis ocdameerTe muxli sakuTrebis uflebis
yvelasTvis Tanabrad aRiarebas da uzrunvelyofas gulisxmobs, imisgan damoukideblad Tu ra saxiT vlindeba
sakuTrebis ufleba - fizikur nivTebze uSualo sakuTrebis uflebiT, Tu moTxovnis uflebaze sakuTre-
qalaqeebi zaur elaSvili, suliko maSia, rusudan gogia da sxvebi

da saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, me-9 punqti.
19 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 1998 wlis 29 ianvris #2/367 gadawyvetileba saqmeze iuri kirakosiani, spiridon
varTaniani, martiros CardexCiani, petre safariani, sergo varTanovi, qeTevan totoRaSvili, askan manukiani, roza poRosiani, svetlana peregulko, nodar gigaSvili da SoTa meqvabiSvili saqarTvelos
parlamentis winaaRmdeg, me-2 punqti.
20 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 28 ivlisis #1/14/184,228 gadawyvetileba, saqmeSi saqgazi da anajgufi
(yofili Tbilgazoaparati) saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg,
me-2 punqti.
21 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2003 wlis 10 ianvris #2/1/187188 gadawyvetileba saqmez Sps airzena saqarTvelos
aviaxazebi saqarTvelos parlamentis da saqarTvelos transportisa da komunikaciebis saministros winaaRmdeg, me-7 punqti.
22 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2000 wlis 25 ianvris #1/1/107 gadawyvetileba lela inwkirveli da ekaterine CaCaniZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, me-5 punqti.
17
biT...23 amasTan, aqve daasaxela moTxovnis uflebis

gverdiT zogierTi sxva ufleba da sargebeli, romelic qmnis qonebas.24 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom arsebuli praqtikiT daadastura rom ocdameerTe muxliT daculi sakuTrebis ufleba vrceldeba
ara mxolod nivTebze,25 aramed aseve aramaterialur
qonebriv sikeTeze, romelic warmoadgens qonebas da romelzec vrceldeba sakuTrebis ufleba.
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenci26
is pirveli damatebiT oqmis pirveli muxliT27 daculi obieqti adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasamarTlos28 praqtikis mixedviT ekonomikuri interese-
23
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 28 ivlisis #1/14/184,228 gadawyvetileba, saqmeSi saqgazi da anajgufi
(yofili Tbilgazoaparati) saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg,
me-2 punqti.
24 iqve.
25
tuRuSi T., burjanaZe g., mSvenieraZe g., gociriZe g., menabde v.,

samarTalwarmoebis praqtika, Tbilisi, 2013, 244.
26 iqve.
27 SemdgomSi - konvencia; konvencia, pirveli damatebiT oqmis pirveli muxli: sakuTrebis dacva 1) yovel fizikur an iuridiul pirs
aqvs Tavisi sakuTrebis Seuferxebeli sargeblobis ufleba. mxolod
sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis SeiZleba CamoerTvas vinmes Tavisi
sakuTreba kanoniTa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis zogadi principebiT
gaTvaliswinebul pirobebSi. 2) amasTan, winare debulebebi aranairad
ar akninebs saxelmwifos uflebas, gamoiyenos iseTi kanonebi, romelTac is aucileblad miiCnevs saerTo interesebis Sesabamisad sakuTrebiT sargeblobis kontrolisaTvis, an gadasaxadebisa Tu mosakreblebis an jarimebis gadaxdis uzrunvelsayofad.
28 SemdgomSi - evropuli sasamarTlo.
18
bis farTo wres moicavs.29 qonebis cnebas sasamarTlo

ganmartavs farTod da masSi eqceva iseTi sikeTeebi,
moZravi da uZravi nivTebis gverdiT, rogoric aris wili sazogadoebaSi,30 patenti,31 saarbitraJo gadawyevtileba,32 zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba,33 garkveuli garemoebebis dadgomis kanonieri molodini,34
profesiuli klientura,35 kinoTeatris klientura,36
licenzia, romelsac samewarmeo saqmianobis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli ekonomikuri interesebi ukavSirdeba,37 saijaro qiris moTxovnis ufleba,38 pensiis
29
papuaSvili s., sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi

safuZvlebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da qarTuli
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove
gamowvevebi, statiaTa krebuli, k. korkelias redaqtorobiT, GTZ,
Tbilisi, 2009, 180.
30
The right to property, a guide to the implementation of Article 1 of
Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on human Rights, Monica
Carss-Frisk, Human Rights Handbooks, No. 4, 6.
31
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1990 wlis 4 oqtombris ganCineba dasaSvebobaze ganacxadze # 12633/87, saqmeze, Smith
Kline and French Laboratories v. the Netherlands.
32
33
iqve, 13.
34
iqve.
35
iqve, 14.
36
iqve, 15.
37
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1989 wlis 7 ivlisis
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Tre Traktrer Aktiebolag v. Sweden, par 53.
38
19
moTxovnis ufleba,39 garkveuli profesiiT muSaobis

ufleba,40 sasarCelo moTxovna da sxva SeTxvevebi, romlebmac individis qonebriv interesebze SeiZleba pirdapiri gavlena moaxdinon.41
evropuli sasamarTlo sakuTrebis uflebisa, Tu
mflobelobis definiciebs avtonomiurad ganmartavs da
imisaTvis, rom ufleba Tu interesi konvenciis pirveli
damatebiT oqmis pirveli muxliT dacul obieqtad CaiTvalos, ar aris aucilebeli adgilobrivi qveynis samarTliT misi sakuTrebis uflebis qveS moqceva.42 amis
naTeli magaliTia TreTraktrer Aktiebolag v. Sweden, sadac
sasamarTlom licenzia da masTan dakavSirebuli ekonomikuri interesebi aRiara konvenciis pirveli damatebiT
oqmis pirveli muxliT dacul obieqtad.43
3. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, rogorc mauwyeblebis

sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudva
evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeSi sporongi da loronTi SvedeTis winaaRmdeg aRniSna, rom konvenciis
pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli muxli Tavis TavSi
sam wess moicavs: pirvelia, sakuTrebiT mSvidobiani
sargeblobis ufleba (peaceful enjoyment of property), meo39
iqve, 17.
iqve, 6.
41
iqve.
42
iqve.
43
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Tre Traktrer Aktiebolag v. Sweden, par 53.
20
40
re, qonebis CamorTmevis (deprivation of possession) daqvemdebareba konkretuli winapirobebisaTvis da mesame, sakuTrebiT sargeblobis kontroli (control the use of
property) kanonis safuZvelze da zogadi interesis Sesabamisad.44
saqarTvelos konstituciis ocdameerTe muxlis mixedviT ki sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudva aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis dasaSvebia kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili wesiT, imgvarad, rom
ar dairRves sakuTrebis uflebis arsi. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom sakuTrebis konstituciur-samarTlebrivi garantia gulisxmobs samarTlis konkretuli subieqtebis, mesakuTreebis dacvas. konstitucia mesakuTris uflebas
ori aspeqtiT icavs: pirveli gamoixateba imaSi, rom saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos sakuTrebis uflebis dacva
sxva pirebis mxridan Carevisagan da meore, mesakuTre daculia Tavad saxelmwifosagan, kerZod, saxelmwifos dausabuTebeli da arasamarTliani Carevisagan.45
nebismier SemTxvevaSi ki, rodesac saxezea dacul
uflebaSi Careva, Semdgomi msjelobis sagani Carevis gamarTlebaa. Tu Careva gamarTlebulia, Sesabamisad xsene-
44
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1982 wlis 23 seqtembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Sporrong and Lnnroth v. Sweden,
par 61.
45
kikoSvili d., sakuTreba, sakuTrebis CamorTmeva aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisTvis da mesakuTris interesebis dacva sakuTrebis uflebaSi Carevis dros, qarTuli biznes samarTlis mimoxilva, specialuri gamocema, Tbilisi, 2012, 42.
21
buli muxlis darRvevas adgili ar aqvs, aq ki mtkicebis tvirTi saxelmwifozea.46

aqvs Tu ara sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT sareklamo drois SezRudvas gamarTleba gamoviyenebT evropuli
sasamarTlos teqsts,47 romelic arsobrivad emTxveva
Cveni qveynis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos tests:
a) xvdeba, Tu ara sareklamo dro pirveli muxliT
dacul sferoSi? sareklamo dro rogorc mauwyeblis aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe xvdeba dacul sferoSi;
b) moxda Tu ara mauwyeblebis sakuTrebis uflebis
xelyofa? sareklamo drois SezRudviT, aseve sasponsoro droisa da Sinaarsis SezRudviT mauwyeblebis sakuTrebis uflebis xelyofas adgili aqvs;
g) sami wesidan romlis xelyofas aqvs adgili? qonebiT
mSvidobiani sargeblobis ufleba da aseve, SesaZlebelia sakuTrebis uflebiT sargeblobis kontroli;48
d) aqvs Tu ara Carevas/xelyofas legitimuri mizani
(sazogadoebis, Tu sajaro interesi)? momxmare-
46

Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights, Monica
47
papuaSvili s., sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da qarTuli
Tbilisi, 2009, 180.
48
aq ixileT iqve me-13 gv. aseve, damianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1989 wlis 7 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Tre
Traktrer Aktiebolag v. Sweden, par 53-55.
22
belTa interesebis dacva, rogorc sazogadoebis

interesi;
e) aris Tu ara Careva/xelyofa proporciuli (interesTa awondawonva)? sadavoa, radgan sapirwoneze
dgas mauwyeblebis aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, romelTa realizaciiT, isini finansur damoukideblobas aRweven, rac maTi, rogorc mauwyeblobis damoukideblobis garantiaa;
v) Seesabameba Tu ara Careva/xelyofa kanonismieri
sicxadis (kanonierebis) principebs? es principi
daculia
.
Careva konvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli muxlis sferoSi iqneba gaumarTlebeli, Tu meoTxe
SekiTxvidan meeqvse SekiTxvis CaTvliT erT-erT SekiTxvaze pasuxi uaryofiTi iqneba.49 am SemTxvevaSi testma
aCvena, rom sapirwoneze xvdebian momxmarebelTa interesebi da mauwyeblebis sakurebis uflebis SezRudvis saboloo Sedegi, mediis damoukidebloba. aq, garda asoci49

Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights, Monica
Carss-Frisk, Human Rights Handbooks, No. 4, 10. Sedegad, Tu Careva
sakuTrebis uflebaSi ar aqvs legitimuri mizani, Sesabamisad ar
emsaxureba sazogadoebis Tu sajaro interess, ar aris proporciuli, kerZod, darRveulia samarTliani balansi Carevis mizansa da
fundamentur uflebas Soris, Careva ar warmoadgens aucileblobas
da darRveuli kanonierebis da kanonismieri sicxadis principebi,
papuaSvili s., sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da qarTuli
Tbilisi, 2009, 180.
23
rebis SeTanxmebis logikuri vadebisa (sami da xuTi weliwadi), qarTuli politikur-samarTlebrivi mdgomareobac gasaTvaliswinebelia. Sedegad, vfiqrob, rom zemoaRniSnuli Careva kanonmdeblis mier naCqarevad moxda, riTic man mauwyeblebis sakuTrebis ufleba SezRuda.
Carevis uaryofiTi Sedegebi mauwyeblebis Semosavlebze naTelia qvemoT mocemul cxrilSic, sadac
kargad Cans rom mauwyeblebis Semosavlebi axali regulaciiT 34%-iT mcirdeba.50
Zveli regulaciiT
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
50
sareklamo
dro saaTSi
1 wuTis
Rirebuleba
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
288
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
axali regulaciiT
jamuri
Rirebuleba
24 saaTSi
sareklamo
dro saaTSi
1 wuTis
Rirebuleba
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8500
8500
8500
8500
9000
9000
9000
9000
9250
18500
18500
18500
18500
18500
18500
18500
208750
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
288
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
jamuri
Rirebuleba 24
saaTSi
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
12000
12000
12000
12000
12000
12000
12000
138000
cxrili simartivisaTvis gakeTebulia sarklamo drois mxolod

wuTebiT gayidvaze da sareklamo drois fasebi pirobiTia.
24
daskvna
daskvnis saxiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis cvlilebaTa paketi,
romelic 2015 wlis 1 aprilidan ZalaSi Sevida, rogorc misi iniciatoris, ise kanonmdeblis mier naCqarevad iqna miRebuli. amiT kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadga mauwyeblebis sakuTrebis ufleba sareklamo droze, rogorc aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTeze, ise sabolo
jamSi mediis finansuri damoukidebloba. vinaidan, asocirebis SeTanxmebiT, Tavis mxriv, 2010/13/EU direqtivis TandaTanobiT implementacia iyo gaTvaliswinebuli
da ara dauyovnebeli. swored amitom evropaSi es procesi 26 weliwadi gagrZelda da cvlilebebi ganxorcielda ara fragmentulad rogorc es saqarTveloSi moxda reklamis regulirebis kuTxiT, aramed audiovizualuri media momsaxurebebis mimarT zogadad.
metic, momxmarebelTa interesebi am procesSi ara
mxolod sityvierad iqna dasaxelebuli, aramed Catarebul iqna rigi kvlevebi, Tu samuSaoebi fokus jgufebTan.51 erT-erT samuSao dokumentSi saubaria momxmarebelTa ekonomikur qcevaze, romelic SeiZleba damaxinjdes arasamarTliani komerciuli praqtikiT.52 momxmarebelTa ekonomikuri qcevis gverdiT gamokvleul iqna
maTi arsebiTi problemebi, romelTac isini awydebian
51
<http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/reg/history/
consult/focus_groups/index_en.htm> [25.08.2015].
52
European Commission, focus group 2 level of detail in the regulation of
television advertising, 1-li gverdi, <http://ec.europa.eu/archives/
information_society/avpolicy/docs/reg/modernisation/focus_groups/fg2_wp
_en.pdf> [25.08.2015].
25
audiovizualuri media momsaxurebebis miRebisas da gakeTebuli iqna momxmarebelTa gamocdilebis siRrmiseuli Sefaseba.53
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom evropaSi sareklamo bazris
regulirebas Tavisi mowinaaRmdegebi hyavda, vinaidan sareklamo drois moculobis SezRudva pirdapirproporciul gavlenas axdenda mauwyebelTa Tu sareklamo saagentoTa Semosavlebze. Sesabamisad, mocemuli interesebic procesebis warmarTvaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda.
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT evropuli praqtika kidev erTxel cxadyofs Tu ratom moxda asocirebis SeTanxmebiT direqtivis implementaciisaTvis samwliani, xolo sareklamo drois SezRudvisaTvis xuTwliani vadis gansazRvra da ratom iyo dauSvebeli sareklamo bazris axali regulaciebis daCqarebuli wesiT miReba.
53
<http://ec.europa.eu/justice/consumermarketing/files/empirical_report_final_-_2011-06-15.pdf> [25.08.2015].
26
Ketevan Buadze Student (PhD) at Tbilisi State University,

MA private law Tbilisi State University, LLM German Law
University Cologne, Attorney.
ADVERTISING TIME AND ITS PROTECTION BY THE

GEORGIAN CONSTITUTION AND THE EUROPEAN
CONVENTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
(Under consideration of Georgia-EU Association Agreement,
2010/13/EU Directive)
On April 1, 2015, the amendments to the Georgian Law

on Broadcasting came into force. After having passed a number
of reviews, discussions and criticism, the draft of amendments
initiated by the Georgian National Communication
Commission in the summer of 2014 was transferred to the
Georgian Parliament and in February 2015, the law was
passed.
The amendments contain advertising regulations, since
they limit advertising time that as an intangible asset of the
broadcasters is protected under their property right. The
legislature claims the EU-Georgian Association Agreement and
the 2010/13/EU Directive as one of the main reasons for the
amendments. However, the Association Agreement as well as
the Directive contextually as well as from the perspective of
implementation terms set out different approaches.
Respectively, the this study aims to:
define the advertising time as intangible property;
27
outline its safeguarding mechanisms (as per Article 21

of the Constitution of Georgia and the European
Convention on Human Rights, Article 1 of Protocol No.
1) as well as its best practices;
demonstrate the above-mentioned amendments in the
light of the EU-Georgian Association Agreement and
the 2010/13 / EU Directive;
show its impact on the advertising market (legal and
financial analysis).
28
giorgi baRdavaZe
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis saerTaSoriso
samarTlis institutis pirveli kursis
magistranti
sad gadis zRvari informaciis
Tavisufal gavrcelebasa da piradi da
ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemas Soris?
Sesavali
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da piradi da ojaxuri
cxovrebis pativiscemis ufleba Tanamedrove demokratiuli sazogadoebis fundamentur Rirebulebebs warmoadgenen. mocemuli uflebebi daculia araerTi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiTa Tu CveulebiTi normiT, rogorebicaa magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia,
adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvencia, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia da a. S. amasTan, gansaxilveli uflebebi
SegviZlia SevadaroT medlis or mxares, rac imas niSnavs, rom saTanado balansis gareSe mocemul uflebaTa
Soris konfliqti gardauvalia.
kvlevis mizania ganixilos SemTxvevebi, roca gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, kerZod, informaciis Tavisufali
gavrcelebis ufleba da piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis
ufleba erTmaneTTan konfliqtSi modian. mniSvnelovania
29
gaeces amomwuravi pasuxi Semdeg SekiTxvebs: rogori

urTierTobaa koliziaSi myof normebs Soris, horizontaluri Tu vertikaluri? ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba mieniWos erT-erT maTgans upiratesoba? sad gadis zRvari
am or uflebas Soris da rogor SeiZleba maT Soris
arsebuli konfliqtis daregulireba? naSromSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos xedvas da misi ganviTarebis etapebs. aseve ganxiluli iqneba anglo-amerikuli samarTlis qveynebSi (am SemTxvevaSi a. S. S. da inglisi) damkvidrebuli praqtika. maTi Sedarebis safuZvelze ki moiZebneba problemaTa gadaWris savaraudo meTodebi.
naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, ZiriTadi nawilisa da
daskvnisagan. ZiriTadi nawili warmodgenilia ori TaviT
da Sesabamisi qveTavebiT. pirveli Tavi eTmoba adamianis
uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentebis ganxilvas. gaanalizebuli iqneba aseve mecnierTa xedvebi
mocemuli problemebis gadaWrasTan dakavSirebiT. meore
Tavi eTmoba saerTo samarTalSi damkvidrebul midgomas.
Sesabamisi qveTavebiT detalurad iqneba ganxiluli
sxvadasxva saqmeebi da aseve mecnierTa mosazrebebi. daskvnis saxiT mokled gaanalizdeba orive maTgani da gaecema pasuxi kvlevis SekiTxvebs.
30
1. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos

midgoma ormagi TamaSi Tu upiratesobis miniWeba?
1.1 piradi cxovrebis pativiscemisa da informaciis
Tavisufali gavrcelebis adgili adamianis uflebaTa
evropul konvenciaSi
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikis ganxilvamde, mocemul qveTavSi mokled mimoixileba konfliqtSi myof uflebaTa Teoriuli bazisi
adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciaSi. piradi da
ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemis uflebas exeba konvenciis me-8 muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac `yvelas aqvs ufleba, pativi scen mis pirad da ojaxur cxovrebas, mis
sacxovrebelsa da mimoweras.~1 gamoxatvis Tavisufleba
ki mowesrigebulia me-10 muxliT, romlis Tanaxmadac,
`yvelas aqvs ufleba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebisa. es ufleba moicavs piris Tavisuflebas, hqondes Sexedulebebi, miiRos an gaavrcelos informacia Tu mosazrebebi
sajaro xelisuflebis Caurevlad da saxelmwifo sazRvrebis miuxedavad~.2 aqve unda aRinoSnos, rom arc erTi maTgani ar ganekuTvneba absolutur uflebaTa kategorias, radgan orive ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.3 amasTan, Careva
konvenciasTan SesabamisobaSia Tu is akmayofilebs samsa1
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlis 1-eli punqti.

konvenciis me-10 muxlis 1-eli punqtis 1-eli winadadeba.
3 konvenciis me-8 da me-10 muxlebis me-2 punqtebi.
31
2
fexurian tests: a) Careva xorcieldeba kanonis safuZvelze, b) Careva aucilebelia demokratiuli sazogadoebisTvis, g) Careva emsaxureba legitimur mizans, romelic aRniSnulia konvenciaSi.4 mniSvnelovania, rom samive winapiroba kumulaciurad unda iyos saxeze, raTa gamoiricxos konvenciiT dacul uflebebSi TviTneburi Careva. saxelmwifos akisria ara mxolod negatiuri valdebuleba, rac imas niSnavs, rom Tavisi moqmedebiT ar
xelyos konvenciiT dadgenili uflebebi, aramed pozitiuri valdebulebac, rac gulisxmobs yvela zomis gatarebas, raTa ar moxdes xelyofa mesame pirTa mxridan.5
1.2 pirveli Taobis saqmeebi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis

primati?
1980-iani wlebidan 2000 wlamde ganxilul saqmeebSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo uaryofda konvenciis me-8 da me-10 muxlebs Soris SesaZlo
konfliqts. magaliTad, am mxriv, erT-erT pirvel saqme-
Dirk Voorhoof, Freedom of Expression Under the European Human

Rights System From Sunday Times (No 1) v. U. K. (1979) to Hachette
Filipacchi Associes (Ici Paris) v. France (2009), Inter-American and
European Human Rights Journal, Vol. 2, (2009), 5.
5
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Von Hannover v. Germany, (saCivris nom. 59320/00), para. 57; aseve,
1994 wlis 26 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Stjernav.Finland, (saCivris nom. 18131/91), para. 23.
32
ze, lingensi avstriis winaaRmdeg6 adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli sasamarTlo daeyrdno ra konvenciis sityvasityviT analizs, kategoriulad uaryo mocemul normebs Soris arsebuli konfliqti da daadgina, rom ar
arsebobda saWiroeba, me-10 muxli ganxiluliyo piradi
cxovrebis dacvis WrilSi.7 Sedegad, reputaciis ufleba ar Sedioda pirad uflebaTa WrilSi da is mxolod
me-10 muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebis SezRudvis erT-erT winapirobad rCeboda,
sxva elementebTan erTobliobaSi. me-8 muxlis viwro,
sityvasityviTi ganmartebisa da reputaciis pirad uflebaTa kategoriaSi (me-8 muxliT dacul uflebebSi)
ar Setanis gamo, gamodioda, rom konfliqti iyo erTi
mxriv gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris, romelic daculi iyo konvenciiT da meore mxriv, reputacias Soris,
romelsac konvencia ar aRiarebda pirad uflebad da
igi, rogorc calke ufleba, SesaZloa daculi yofiliyo sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT, magaliTad, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtiT.8

gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Lingensv.Austria, (saCivris nom. 9815/82), SemdgomSi citirebulia, rogorc: Lingensv.Austria.
7
Stijn Smet, Freedom of Expression and the Right to Reputation: Human
Rights in Conflict, American University International Law Review, Vol.
26, Issue 1 (2010), 193-194.
8
Jonas Gulde, An Assessment of the European Court of Human Rights
Balancing of the Rights to Privacy and Freedom of Expression,
Edinbourgh Student Law Review, Vol. 2, Issue1 (2013), 32.
33
saqmeSi Jurnali òbserveri~ da `gardiani~ gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg9 evropulma sasamarTlom

aRniSna, rom gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, romelic Tavis
TavSi moicavs informaciisa da ideebis Tavisufal gavrcelebasa da miRebas, warmoadgens demokratiuli sazogadoebisTvis aucilebel da fundamentur Rirebulebas.
es principi gansakuTrebiT exeba presasa da medias, romelic upirveles yovlisa unda iyos sazogadoebis informirebulobis sadarajoze, Tumca es imas ar niSnavs,
rom gamoxatvis Tavisufleba SeuzRudavi uflebaa. amasTan, misi SemzRudavi normebi (me-10 muxlis me-2 nawili) unda ganimartos rac SeiZleba viwrod. terminSi
àucilebeli~, romelic naxsenebia me-2 nawilSi igulisxmeba àucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisTvis~.
saxelmwifoebs aqvT uflebamosileba, Sida kanonmdeblobiT daadginon aseTi zRvari, magram evropuli sasamarTlo uflebamosilia sazedamxedvelo funqcia Seasrulos da gansazRvros ramdenad aris Sesabamisi is konvenciis miznebTan.10
amrigad, sasamarTlo praqtikiT media aRiWurva
farTo uflebamosilebebiT, rac gulisxmobs ara mxolod miRebuli informaciis dacvas, aramed iseTi informaciis gavrcelebis Tavisuflebasac, romelic SesaZloa iyos Sokismomgvreli an Semawuxebeli. meore
mniSvnelovani Sefaseba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom gaimijna
9
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1991 wlis 26 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Observer and Guardian v. The United
Kingdom, (saCivris nom. 13585/88).
10
iqve,para. 59.
34
mediis mier moyvanili obieqturi faqtebi da subieqturi Sefasebebi. am ukanasknelis mtkicebulebebiT gamyarebis valdebulebisagan ki mopasuxeebi gaTavisufldnen.11
qveTavis dasawyisSi naxsenebi lingensis saqme imiTac iyo mniSvnelovani, rom evropulma sasamarTlom erTmaneTisgan ganasxvava Cveulebrivi piri politikosisagan da aRniSna, rom vinaidan maTi pirovnebisa da saqmianobis mimarT sakmaod didia sazogadoebrivi interesi,
mxolod reputaciis dacvis survili ver gadawonida
gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT garantirebul informaciis
Tavisufali gavrcelebis uflebas.12 igive gaimeora sasamarTlom aseve saqmeSi oberSCliki avstriis winaaR-
mdeg.13
amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, 1980-iani wlebidan 2000
wlamde periodSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis farTo ganmartebis
safuZvelze is mTel rig sakiTxebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki
reputaciasTan mimarTebiT, romelsac sasamarTlo ar
cnobda me-8 muxliT dacul pirad uflebad, informaciis Tavisufal gavrcelebas, gansakuTrebiT ki mediis
mxridan, upiratesobas aniWebda. es ki aixsneboda mediis
gansakuTrebuli roliT, romelic gulisxmobs sazogadoebis informirebulobis sadarajoze yofnis funqcias.
11
Jonas Gulde, An Assessment of the European Court of Human Rights

Balancing of the Rights to Privacy and Freedom of Expression,
Edinbourgh Student Law Review, Vol. 2, Issue1 (2013), 33.
12
Lingensv.Austria, para. 46.
13
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1997 wlis 1 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Oberschlick v. Austria (No 2), (saCivris
nom. 20834/92).
35
1.3 2000 wlis dasawyisi mniSvnelovani nabijebi

piradi cxovrebis dasacavad?
Zveli midgomisagan gansxvavebiT, 2000 wlidan adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom radikalurad
Secvala sakuTari xedva. am mxriv pirveli gamorCeuli
saqmeebi iyo feldeki slovakeTis winaaRmdeg,14 aseve
lesniki slovakeTis winaaRmdeg15 da a. S. gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovani ki aris saqme radio safrangeTi da sxvebi
safrangeTis winaaRmdeg.16 mocemuli saqme exeboda safrangeTis radios mier yofil merobis kandidatze, romelic muSaobda agarakze zedamxedvelad, usafuZvlo da
Seuracxmyofeli cnobebis gavrcelebas, ris gamoc igi
daajarimes arakeTilsindisierebisTvis. es saqme imiTaa
mniSvnelovani, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom mtkiced ganacxada, rom `reputaciis dacvis
ufleba ganekuTvneba konvenciis me-8 muxliT garantirebul pirad uflebaTa kategorias~.17
14
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2001 wlis 12 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Feldek v. Slovakia, (saCivris nom.
29032/95).
15
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2003 wlis 11 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Lesnik v. Slovakia, (saCivris nom.
35640/97).
16
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 30 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, RadioFranceandOthersv.France, (saCivris nom. 53984/00).
17
iqve, para. 31.
36
mocemuli suliskveTebis gagrZelebas warmoadgens

aseve saqme Sovi da sxvebi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg,18
romelic warmoadgenda ciliswamebis tipur SemTxvevas.
es saqme ki imiTaa gamorCeuli, rom evropulma sasamarTlom pirvelad axsena sityva `konfliqti~ da daadgina,
rom am SemTxvevaSi saxeze iyo konfliqti piradi da
ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemis uflebasa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris, rac saWiroebda dabalansebas.19 amiT sasamarTlom praqtikulad uaryo misi Zveli
midgoma, roca reputaciis uflebas ar ganixilavda piradi uflebis WrilSi da gadadga mniSvnelovani nabiji,
rac erTi mxriv niSnavda piradi cxovrebis uflebis
dacvis ufro myari garantiebis Seqmnas, xolo meore
mxriv ki aRiara, rom sruliad SesaZlebelia konvenciis
me-10 da me-8 muxlebi erTmaneTTan movidnen konfliqtSi, ramac ganapiroba, sasamarTlos daewyo fiqri am
konfliqtis dabalansebisaTvis.20
miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlos ar daudgenia raime
standarti, romlis mixedviTac moaxdenda konfliqtis
dabalansebas. sadavo sakiTxebis gadawyveta kvlav proporciulobis principis mixedviT xdeboda, romlis mTavari kriteriumia, SezRudva unda iyos àucilebeli
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi~. sakiTxis am gziT gadaw18
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 29 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Chauvy and others v. France, (saCivris
nom. 64915/01).
19
iqve, para. 70.
20
Stijn Smet, Freedom of Expression and the Right to Reputation: Human
Rights in Conflict, American University International Law Review, Vol.
26, Issue 1 (2010), 193-194.
37
yveta ar unda iyos sakmarisi. Tuki adre proporciulobis principiT upiratesoba eniWeboda gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas, Semdgom saqmeebSi sasamarTlom daadgina,
rom ukve me-10 muxlis ganmarteba unda momxdariyo ufro viwrod, vidre aqamde. es ki imas niSnavs, rom gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis aSkara dominireba piradi cxovrebis uflebaze uaryofil iqna.21
sasamarTlom Semdgom saqmeebSi ganmarta, rom piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis cneba vrceldeba ara mxolod reputaciaze, aramed, saxelze, sxva personalur
monacemebze, fotoebze da aseve pirovnul mTlianobaze.
me-8 muxli aseve icavs piris ganmartoebis uflebas da
uflebas ganviTardes da miiRos gadawyvetilebebi sxvaTa Caurevlad.22 amasTan, piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis
ufleba ar Semoifargleba mxolod ganmartoebis uflebiT, adamiani sazogadoebrivi arsebaa, Sesabamisad, Zalze
SezRuduli iqneboda piradi cxovrebis cneba SemosazRvruliyo mxolod `Sida wriT~ (ganmartoebis uflebiT), piradi cxovrebis pativiscema aseve moicavs garkveul farglebSi sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis damyarebisa da ganviTarebis uflebas.23
21
Jonas Gulde, Jonas Gulde, An Assessment of the European Court of

Human Rights Balancing of the Rights to Privacy and Freedom of
Expression, Edinbourgh Student Law Review, Vol. 2, Issue1 (2013), 34-35.
22
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 24 ivnisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Von Hannover v. Germany, (saCivris nom.
59320/00), para. 50, SemdgomSi citirebulia, rogorc: Von Hannover
v.Germany.
23
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 15 noembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Pfeifer v. Austria, (saCivris nom.
12556/03), para. 33.
38
rogorc qveTavis dasawyisSi aRiniSna, sasamarTlo

politikosebsa da sajaro figurebs Tmenis met valdebulebas aniWebs vidre Cveulebriv pirebs. sainteresoa
orive tipis saqmeebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba.
saqmeSi von hanoveri germaniis winaaRmdeg24 damoukidebelma Jurnalistma araerTi faruli foto gadauRo monakos proncesas, romelic kerZo vizitebiT xvdeboda msaxiob vinsent lindens da gamoaqveyna isini kerZo germanul JurnalebSi Bunte, Freizeit Revue da Neue
Post25 sxvadasxva provokaciuli saTaurebiT, maT Soris
mis partniorTan mimarTebiTac. magaliTad, is ironiulad moixseniebda princesas, rogorc `wminda umankoebas~, romelic ver gaxdeboda vinsentis ìdealuri coli~.26 zogierT suraTze germaniis sasamarTloebma daakmayofiles karolin von hanoveris sarCeli, Tumca maTi nawili kvlav sajaro rCeboda. amasTan, arc Jurnalisti apirebda gaCerebas. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom
sxva adamianebTan urTierTobisas (romelic aseve eqceva
me-8 muxliT daculi uflebis farglebSi) pirs aqvs
imis `legitimuri molodini~, rom misi piradi cxovreba iqneba daculi.27 es ki imas niSnavs, saxelmwifos
aqvs ara mxolod negatiuri valdebuleba ar Caerios
piris pirad cxovrebaSi, aramed mas ekisreba aseve pozitiuri valdebulebac, rac gulisxmobs, rom saxelmwifom yvela Rone unda ixmaros, raTa Seqmnas saTanado
24
VonHannover,v.Germany, ix. sqolio 22.

iqve, para. 10, 11 da Semdgomni.
26
iqve, para. 11-13.
27
iqve, para. 51.
25
39
pirobebi, rom ar moxdes konvenciiT dacul uflebaSi

TviTneburi Careva. sasamarTlom aseve gaimeora, rom piradi cxovrebis ufleba aucileblad unda iqnas dabalansebuli gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis uflebasTan mimarTebiT, radgan orive ufleba warmoadgens demokratiuli
sazogadoebis fuZemdebel principebs. sasamarTlom gaimeora, rom me-10 muxli vrceldeba aseve ideebis, fotoebis da sxva piradi detalebis, maT Soris intimuri
sferos Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebazec, amasTan
dasZina, rom saqmeSi arsebuli suraTebi, sadac karolini mis partniorTan erTad Canda, warmoadgenda ganmcxadeblis intimuri cxovrebis amsaxvel kadrebs.28 msgavsi
saxis informaciis gavrcelebisaTvis aucilebelia aSkara sazogadoebrivi interesis arseboba. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom aseTi interesi SesaZloa saxeze iyos iseT
SemTxvevebSi, roca saqme exeba magaliTad, politikuri
Tanamdebobis piris saqmianobas. am SemTxvevaSi, mediis,
rogorc sazogadoebis informirebulobis uflebis sadarajoze myofi institutis me-10 muxliT daculma
uflebam SesaZloa gadawonos piris piradi cxovrebis
pativiscemis ufleba. rac Seexeba ganmcxadebels, is ar
warmoadgenda arc politikoss, arc sajaro moxeles,
aramed gamoCenili iyo, rogorc kulturul sferoSi
moRvawe piri. rac Seexeba fotoebs, maT aranairi kavSiri ar hqondaT mis saqmianobasTan da Sesabamisad warmoadgendnen ganmcxadeblis pirad cxovrebaSi Carevas. aseT
SemTxvevebSi, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis interpretacia
28
iqve, para. 57-59.

40
unda moxdes viwrod. sasamarTlom gaimeora, rom piris

piradi cxovrebis dacva fundamentur uflebas warmoadgens, romelic vrceldeba aseve mis ojaxuri cxovrebis
pativiscemis uflebazec. Sesabamisad pirs aqvs legitimuri molodini, iyos daculi. sasamarTlom daadgina,
rom piradi cxovrebisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
uflebebs Soris balansis gadamwyvet faqtors warmoadgens zogadi sazogadoebrivi ganxilvis interesis arseboba. mocemul saqmeSi ki aseTi interesi ar dadasturda, radgan sazogadoebas ar unda hqondes im piris piradi cxovrebis detalebis ganxilvis interesi, romelic gvevlineba kerZo pirad da ar asrulebs sajaro
uflebamosilebas.29 Sesabamisad sasamarTlom daadgina
me-8 muxlis darRveva.
uflebaTa Soris aseTi balansis arseboba daadastura sasamarTlom Semdgom saqmeebSic. am mxriv sainteresoa saqme goreliSvili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg,30 sadac Jurnalisti (goreliSvili) ikvlevda parlamentaris finansur mdgomareobas mis mierve Sevsebuli deklaraciis safuZvelze. Jurnalisturi gamoZiebisas ganmcxadebelma daadgina, rom parlamentars hqonda araerTi agaraki, maTgan yvela ar hqonda miTiTebuli deklaraciaSi. Jurnalistma daiwyo fotoebis Segroveba da
maTi gazeTSi gamoqveyneba, sadac parlamentars korufciaSi amxelda. sasamarTlom gaimeora mediis aqtiuri
29
iqve,para. 60-77.
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 5 ivnisis
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Gorelishvili v. Georgia, (saCivris nom.
12979/04).
41
30
rolis fundamenturi mniSvneloba, aseve ciliswamebasTan mimarTebiT aRniSna, rom im droisTvis saqarTvelos
ar hqonda miRebuli saTanado kanoni, romelic moawesrigebda gamoxatvis Tavisuflebisa da politikosTa
Tmenis sakiTxebs, arsebobda mxolod samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 muxli, romelic ar iyo cxadi da ganWvretadi, Sesabamisad, SezRudva am muxlze miTiTebiT ver daakmayofilebda kanonierebis kriteriumis moTxovnas. sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom ganmcxadeblis mier warmoTqmuli provokaciuli mosazrebebi warmoadgenda parlamentaris qonebrivi deklaraciis subieqtur Sefasebas, am
SemTxvevaSi ki gaumarTlebelia masze mtkicebis tvirTis dakisreba. sasamarTlo daakmayofila argumentma,
rom ganmcxadebeli uflebamosili iyo Seemowmebina parlamentaris mier Sevsebuli qonebrivi deklaracia. amasTan, xazi gausva, parlamentari warmoadgenda politikur figuras da asrulebda sajaro uflebamosilebas,
romelic sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis qveS iyo moqceuli. Sesabamisad JurnalistisTvis informaciis Tavisufali gavrcelebis SezRudva dakvalificirda konvenciis
me-10 muxlis darRvevad.31
amrigad, mocemul qveTavSi ganxiluli saqmeebis
analizidan aSkaraa, rom sasamarTlo meti gulisyuriT
moekida piradi cxovrebis mniSvnelobas, gaafarTova is
da rig sakiTxebSi upiratesoba mianiWa informaciis Tavisufal gavrcelebasTan mimarTebiT. amasTan, sasamarTlom SeimuSava garkveuli damabalansebeli meqanizmi.
kerZod, yuradReba eqceva zogadi sazogadoebrivi inte31
iqve,para.31-43.
42
resis arsebobas, romlisTvisac erT-erTi gadamwyveti

faqtori aris, asrulebs Tu ara piri sajaro uflebamosilebas. sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom politikosebTan mimarTebiT medias gamoxatvis ufro meti Tavisufleba unda mieniWos, raTa Seasrulos Tavisi umniSvnelovanesi funqcia da iyos sazogadoebis informirebulobis sadarajoze. aseT SemTxvevebSi, gansxvavebiT Cveulebrivi kerZo pirebisa, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas ufro meti wona aqvs vidre politikosis piradi cxovrebis uflebas.32
1.4 Tanamedrove tendenciebi retrograduli
azrovneba Tu saboloo zRvris dadgena?
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos bolo
gadawyvetilebebi SedarebiT axal midgomas ayalibebs. am
mxriv sainteresoa saqemeebi mgn limiTid gaerTianebuli
samefos winaaRmdeg33 da von hanoveri germaniis winaaRmdeg (nom. 2).34 orive saqme exeba presis mxridan cnobad pirovnebaTa pirad cxovrebaSi Carevis sakiTxebs da
32
Dirk Voorhoof, Freedom of Expression Under the European Human

Rights System From Sunday Times (No 1) v. U. K. (1979) to Hachette
Filipacchi Associes (Ici Paris) v. France (2009), Inter-American and
European Human Rights Journal, Vol. 2, (2009), 23.
33
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 18 ianvris
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, MGNLimitedV.TheUnitedKingdom,(saCivris
nom. 39401/04).
34
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2012 wlis 7 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, VonHannoverv.Germany(No.2), (saCivris nom. 40660/08 da 60641/08).
43
sainteresoa Tu ra saxis pozicia daiWira sasamarTlom

me-8 da me-10 muxlebis dabalansebasTan mimarTebiT.
saqme mgn limiTid exeba cobili msaxiobisa da momRerlis, naomi kempbelis35 pirad cxovrebaSi Carevas
presis mxridan. presis mier gamoqveynebuli statiebiTa
da fotoebiT, romelebic exeboda msaxiobis janmrTelobis sakiTxebs, irkveoda, rom TiTqos is iyo narkotikebis momxmarebeli. aRniSnuli faqti Semdgom ar dadasturda eqspertizis mier. kempbelma moigo SidasasamarTlo instanciebi. amis Semdeg, gamomcemlobam gancxadeba
Seitana adamianis
uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi
mis mimarT gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis motiviT. sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmo
proporciulobis principis ganxilvas, kerZod iyo Tu
ara SezRudva aucilebeli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.
sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
SezRudva unda ganimartos viwrod. es saqme imiTaa mniSvnelovani, rom sasamarTlom daadgina me-10 muxlis
darRveva ara imitom, rom gamomcemels SeezRuda kempbelis piradi informaciis gavrceleba (sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom msaxiobis reputaciis, intimuri sferosa da
piradi cxovrebis dacvis motiviT presis gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebis SezRudva warmoadgenda legitimur mizans
da am mxriv daculi iyo proporciulobis proncipi),36
35
kempbelis saqme Semdgom ufro detalurad iqneba

ganxiluli inglisis magaliTze.
36
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 18 ianvris
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, MGNLimitedV.TheUnitedKingdom,(saCivris
nom. 39401/04),para. 154-156.
44
aramed imitom, rom gamomcemlobas daekisra didi odenobiT jarima, romelic ver akmayofilebda proporciulobis tests.37
rac Seexeba von hanoveri (2)-is saqmes,38 SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom sasamarTlom msjelobaSi sakuTar Tavs `gadaaWarba~, radikalurad uaryo ra ramodenime wlis win
mis mierve gamotanili gadawyvetileba amave saqmeze.39
Tuki wina gadawyvetilebaSi me-8 da me-10 muxlebis konfliqtis dabalansebis kuTxiT sasamarTlom gamoyo ori
mTavari faqtori: a) zogadi sazogadoebrivi interesis
arseboba; b) sajaro uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba,
Tavis meore gadawyvetilebaSi didi palata daeyrdno
mxolod pirveli kriteriumis, zogadi sazogadoebrivi
interesis arsebobas. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom nebismieri piris, romelic sazogadoebisaTvis cnobadia, piradi cxovrebis uflebas, gadawonis
sxvaTa gamoxatvis Tavisufleba.40
saqmeSi aqsel Springeri germaniis winaaRmdeg,41 gamomcemlobam gamoaqveyna msaxiobis suraTebi, romelic
daakaves kokainis moxmarebisaTvis. mocemul saqmeSi sa37
iqve, para. 219-220.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2012 wlis 7 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, VonHannoverv.Germany(No.2), (saCivris nom. 40660/08 da 60641/08).
39
aRniSnul saqmeze sasamarTlos pirveli gadawyvetileba
ganxilulia wina qveTavSi.
40
Elspeth Reid, Rebalancing Privacy and Freedom of Expression,
Edinburgh Law Review, Vol. 16, Issue 2, (2012), 257.
41
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2012 wlis 7 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Axel Springer AG v. Germany, (saCivris
nom. 39954/08).
45
38
samarTlom aRniSna, rom imisaTvis, rom me-8 muxli movides moqmedebaSi, piris reputaciaze Seteva unda akmayofilebdes seriozolobis garkveul dones. me-8 muxlze dayrdnoba gamoiricxeba iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac reputaciis Selaxva aris Tavad am piris moqmedebaTa logikuri Sedegi.42
amrigad, Tanamedrove saqmeebis (gansakuTrebiT, von
hanoveri (2)) analiziT irkveva, rom sasamarTlo nawilobriv kvlav daubrunda pirveli Taobis saqmeebs, sadac gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas aSkara upiratesoba eniWeboda. Tumca sasamarTlo kvlav aRiarebs pirad cxovrebasa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris konfliqts.
aseve gvTavazeobs axlebur midgomas, sadac gadamwyveti
faqtori eniWeba zogadi sazogadoebrivi interesis arsebobas. rig SemTxvevebSi ki43 dawesebulia zRvari me-8
muxlis asamoqmedeblad.
2. anglo-amerikul samarTalSi damkvidrebuli xedva

2.1 piradi sferos pativiscemis ufleba inglisis
magaliTze
inglisSi sakmaod mwiria iseTi kanonmdebloba, romelic mravalmxrivad daicavda individis pirad sferos
Caurevlobisagan. swored amitom didi mniSvneloba eni42
Elspeth Reid, Rebalancing Privacy and Freedom of Expression,

Edinburgh Law Review, Vol. 16, Issue 2, (2012), 258.
43
magaliTad, naxsenebi Springer-is saqme.
46
Weba sasamarTlo praqtikas. pirad sferosa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris arsebuli konfliqtis dasaregulireblad erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi kanonia adamianis uflebaTa 1998 wlis aqti,44 romelic miRebul iqna adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis implementaciisTvis.45
piradi sfero Tavis TavSi moicavs ara mxolod piradi informaciis flobas, aramed is individs saSualebas aZlevs ganaviTaros sakuTari pirovneba, rogorc
gancalkevebiT, aseve sazogadoebis sxva wevrebTan urTierTobiT. zogierTi mecnieri imasac amatebs, rom piradi
sfero moicavs individis uflebas ganaxorcielos èqsperimentebi~ sakuTar cxovrebaze, Seicvalos xasiaTi,
garegnoba, Tavisuflad airCios profesia da dagegmos
sakuTari momavali, aseve gauziaros sakuTari personaluri Tu piraduli informacia sxvebs. mecnierTa nawili axlebur xedvas ayalibebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, piradi informacia SeiZleba warmovidginoT rogorc gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis erT-erTi nairsaxeoba im mxriv,
rom individi Tavad wyvets Tu vis, sad da ra viTarebaSi gaandos is. am mxriv ki SesaZloa uflebaTa konfliqti, rogorc aseTi saerTod ar iyos saxeze.46
miuxedavad amisa, sainteresoa Tu rogori pozicia
uWiravs sasamarTlos. saWiroa gaeces Semdeg kiTxvas
pasuxi, aris Tu ara saxeze prezumfcia romelime uf44
Human Rights Act 1998.

George WEI Sze Shun, MilkyWay and Andromeda: Privacy,
Confidentioality and Freedom of Expression, Singapore Academy of Law
Journal, Vol. 18, Issue 1, (March 2006), 15.
46
iqve, 16.
47
45
lebis sasargeblod? saqmeSi CampbellvMGNLtd47inglisis lordTa palatam48 aRniSna, rom rogorc piradi
sferos, aseve gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis ufleba, Tanabari mniSvnelobis uflebebia da orive maTgani fundamenturi Rirebulebisaa demokratiuli sazogadoebis arsebobisaTvis. amasTan, arc erTi maTgani ar dominirebs meoreze.49
erTaderTi inglisuri saqme, romelic aRniSnulTan
dakavSirebiT badebs garkveul SekiTxvebs aris saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saqmeSi AvBplc, romelic exeboda cnobili fexburTelis seqsualuri urTierTobebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebas. sasamarTlom mocemul saqmeze ganacxada, rom dauSvebeli iyo
SezRuduliyo fexburTelis Sesaxeb mocemuli informaciis gavrceleba winaswari zomis saxiT, manam, sanam is
sasamarTloSi ar daamtkicebda im faqts, rom misi piradi xasiaTis informaciis gavrcelebis ufleba ar hqonda gamomcemlobas.50 am saqmeSi sasamarTlom TiTqos gamoxatvis Tavisufleba ufro farTod ganmarta, Tumca
47
Campbell v MGN, gaerTianebuli samefos lordTa palatis 2004

wlis 6 maisis gadawyvetileba, xelmisawvdomia.:
<http://www.bailii.org/cgibin/markup.cgi?doc=/uk/cases/UKHL/2004/22.html&query=campbell&me
thod=all> [19.08.2015].
48
2010 wlamde inglisis lordTa palatas hqonda aseve sasamarTlo funqciebic SeTavsebuli. Semdgom es funqciebi srulad gadavida inglisis uzenaesi sasamarTlos kompetenciis qveS. ix.:
<https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Judicial_func
tions_of_the_House_of_Lords.html> [19.08.2015].
49
Campbell,12.
50
George WEI Sze Shun, (dasaxelebuli naSromi), 19.
48
mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvna, rom amave saqmeSi sasamarTlom kvlav gausva xazi orive uflebis Tanaswor xasiaTs.51
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani kriteriumi, rasac yuradReba eqceva aris piradi sferos daculobis gonivruli
molodinis arseboba.52 aRniSnuls piradi sferos dasacavad daaxloebiT iseTive mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc
sazogadoebrivi interesis arsebobas gamoxatvis TavisuflebisaTvis.53 Campbell-is saqmeSi, lordTa palatam
aRniSna, informaciis piraduli xasiaTis erT-erTi indikatoria is, rom individs, romelsac es informacia
exeba, aqvs misi daculobis gonivruli molodini.54 momdevno saqmeebSi, magaliTad, rogoricaa Associated
NewspapersLimitedvPrinceofWales,55 sasamarTlom igive
gaimeora da daamata, rom bevr saqmeSi informacia SesaZloa iyos erTdroulad, piradi da konfidencialuri
xasiaTis. sasamarTlom piradi informaciis buneba axsna
Semdegnairad, is unda Seicavdes iseTi saxis informacias, romelsac is, visac exeba, Tvlis piradulad da ar
surs gauziaros farTo masebs.56 miuxedavad amisa, mec51
iqve.
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebSi
is moxseniebulia, rogorc `legitimuri molodini~, ix. wina qveTavebi.
53
George WEI Sze Shun, (dasaxelebuli naSromi), 47.
54
Campbell,para. 96.
55
Associated Newspapers Limited v Prince of Wales, gaerTianebuli samefos lordTa palatis 2006 wlis 21 dekembris gadawyvetileba, ix.:
<http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2006/1776.html>
[19.08.2015]
56
Associated Newspapers Limited, par. 33.
49
52
nierTa nawili Tvlis, rom piradi sferos daculobis

gonivruli molodinis kriteriumi sakmaod abstraqtulia da bundovania.57 gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac informacia gasajarovdeba. magaliTad, Campbellis saqmeze
lordma nikolasma gamoTqva azri, romlis Tanaxmadac,
mas Semdeg, rac msaxiobis narkodamokidebulebaze, miuxedavad imisa, rom presam daudasturebeli informacia gaavrcela, mas ukve mainc veRar eqneboda imis gonivruli
molodini, rom misi piradi sfero am mxriv SemdgomSi
daculi iqneboda, radgan SekiTxvebi sazogadoebaSi yoelTvis darCeboda.58 sabolood mocemul saqmeSi umravlesobam gadawyvita, rom ibformaciis gamJRavnebiT Seilaxa mosarCelis piradi sferos pativiscemis ufleba.
sagulisxmoa, rom rogorc wina qveTavSi aRiniSna,
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom kempbelis59
saqmeze, daadgina, rom dairRva presis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, Tumca ara imitom, rom rom presas aekrZala
kempbelis fotoebis gamoqveyneba, aramed imitom, rom
gamomcemlobas didi odenobiT jarima daekisra. aqedan
gamomdinare, unda vivaraudooT, rom evropuli sasamarTlo srulad daeTanxma inglisis sasamarTloebis msjelobas piradi sferos pativiscemasTan mimarTebiT.
57
Geoffrey Gomery, Whose Autonomy Matters - Reconciling the

Competing Claims of Privacy and Freedom of Expression, Legal Studies,
Vol. 27, Issue 3, (September 2007): 410, 27 Legal Stud. 404 (2007).
58
George WEI Sze Shun, (dasaxelebuli naSromi), 48-49.
59
ix. wina qveTavSi ganxiluli MGNLimitedis saqme.
50
2.2 Ria mmarTvelobis principi da piradi da

personaluri informaciis dacvis molodini
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis magaliTze
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi informaciis Tavisuflebas, gansakuTrebiT ki sajaro struqturebis gamWvirvalobasa da sajaro informaciaze wvdomas, istoriulad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba da misi mizania xalxma SeZlos maT mier arCeuli da dafinansebuli xelisuflebis kontroli.60 marTalia, gamWvirvale mmarTvelobis principi fundamenturi Rirebulebisaa demokratiuli sazogadoebis arsebobisTvis, Tumca sajaro informaciaze farTo wvdomam SesaZloa gamoiwvios individis piradi da personaluri informaciis arapirdapiri
xelyofa.61
saqmeSi Pennsylvania State University v. State
Employees Retirement Board (Penn State),62universitetis
personali asaCivrebda Semcirebis komisiis mier maTi
saxelebisa da xelfasebis Sesaxeb informaciis gasajaroebas. pensilvaniis uzenaesma sasamarTlom aRniSna,
60
Deborah G. Johnson, Priscilla m. Regan, Kent Wayland, Campaign

Disclosure, Privacy and Transparency, William & Mary Bill of Rights
Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 4 (May 2011), 959.
61
Lindsay M. Schoeneberger, Striking a Balance Between Public Interest
of Transparency of Government and The privacy of Personal Identification
and Sexurity Information: An Examination of Tribune-Review Publishing
Co. V. Bodack, Widener Law Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 2 (2010), 577-578.
62
Pa.StateUniv.v.StateWmployeesRet.Bd. (PennState),935 A.2d 530
(2007), aSS, pensilvaniis Statis uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, xelmisawvdomia.: <http://caselaw.findlaw.com/pa-supremecourt/1028247.html> [19.08.2015].
51
rom kanonmdeblobiT daculia individis piradi sferos

ufleba, romlis Tanaxmadac, piradi xasiaTis informacia
unda iyos amoricxuli nebismieri saxis sajaro informaciidan, romelmac SesaZloa ziani miayenos pirovnebis reputacias an pirad usafrTxoebas. Tumca sasamarTlom daadgina, rom xelfasebisa da saxelebis gasajaroeba am
SemTxvevaSi (radgan Semcirebis komisia warmoadgenda administraciul organos, xolo mosarCeleebma maTi sakiTxis ganxilva miandes komisias) ar warmoadgenda im donis pirad informacias, romlis gasajaroebac maT reputacias an usafrTxoebas safrTxes Seuqmnida.63
saqmeSi Tribunereview Publishing Co. v. Bodack,64pensilvaniis uzenaesma sasamarTlom SeimuSava damabalansebeli testi. saqme exeboda mobiluri telefonebis nomrebis Canawerebis gavrcelebas. sasamarTlom aRniSna,
rom telefonebis wigni, rogorc aseTi, aris sajaro
informacia, Sesabamisad, maTi gasajaroeba dasaSvebia,
Tumca unda aRiniSnos, imis sazogadoebrivi interesi,
rom konkretuli piris mobiluris nomeri iqnas gasajaroebuli gacilebiT naklebia, vidre individis interesi
daculi iyos misi piradi informacia.65 Sedegad, dasaS63

and Sexurity Information: An Examination of Tribune-Review Publishing
Co. V. Bodack, Widener Law Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 2 (2010), 580-582.
64
case of Tribune-review Publishing Co. v. Bodack, 961 A.2d 110, (2008),
aSS,
pensilvaniis
Statis
uzenaesi
sasamarTlo,
ix.:
<http://caselaw.findlaw.com/pa-supreme-court/1431680.html>
[19.08.2015]
65
52
vebi gaxda telefonis nomrebis wignis gasajaroeba,

mxolod mas Semdeg, rac moxdeboda misi redaqtireba,
kerZod saxelebi da gvarebi Seicvleboda inicialebiT.66
saqmeSi jackson v. Texas Department of Public
Safety,67sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis departamentma Seadgina im pirTa sia, romelTac CamoerTvaT marTvis ufleba. moqalaqem moiTxova am informaciis gacnoba. departamentma uari ganucxada im motiviT, rom es gamoiwvevda siaSi naxseneb pirTa piradi informaciis gamJRavnebas. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom marTalia administraciuli organos saqmianoba unda iyos Ria da gamWvirvale, Tumca aman ar unda xelyos sxva pirTa piradi sferos pativiscemis ufleba. mocemul saqmeSi, imisTvis,
rom informacia gasajaroebuliyo, mtkicebis tvirTi
daekisra mosarCeles, kerZod mas unda daemtkicebina gasajaroebis sazogadoebrivi interesis arseboba. Sesabamisad, administraciuli organos uari iyo marTebuli.68
saqmeSi TexasComptrollerofPublicAccountsv.Attorney
General of Texas,69erT-erTma Jurnalma sajaro angariSeand Sexurity Information: An Examination of Tribune-Review Publishing
Co. V. Bodack, Widener Law Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 2 (2010), 590.
66
iqve, 584 da Semdgomni.
67
case of jackson v. Texas Department of Public Safety, 243 S.W.3d 754
(Tex. App. Corpus Christi 2007), aSS, texasis saapelacio sasamarTlo,
ix.:
<http://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-court-of-appeals/1108991.html>
[19.08.2015].
68
Teresa Wohlers, Leigh Vander, Ryan Rollans, ... etc., Case Law
Update, Texas Tech Administrative Law Jurnal, Vol. 10, Issue 1 (Fall
2008), 143.
69
case of Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts v. Attorney General of
Texas, 244 S.W.3d 629 (2008), aSS, texasis uzenaesi sasamarTlo, ix.:
53
bis zedamxedvelisgan moiTxova yvela saxis informacia

yvela sajaro moxeleze, maT Soris, maTi dabadebis TariRebi. zedamxedvelma uari ganucxada gamomcemlobas im
motiviT, rom aRiSnuli Seicavda konfidencialur informacias. sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom sajaro moxeleTa dabadebis TariRebi warmoadgenda konfidencialur
informacias da Sesabamisad gamomcemlobas unda daemtkicebina maTi gasajaroebis sajaro interesis arseboba.70
amrigad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom gansxvavebiT kerZo pirebisagan (kompaniebisagan), administraciul organoebs ufro meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT, raTa ar
ganaxorcielon iseTi qmedeba, romelic xelyofs sxvaTa
pirad an personalur informacias. amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom dacviT sargebloben ara mxolod kerZo pirebi,
aramed Tavad administraciuli organos moxeleebic.
daskvna
amrigad, piradi cxovreba da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba TiTqmis yovelTvis modian konfliqtSi, romlis
gadawyvetac mravalgvari SeiZleba iyos, dawyebuli romelime maTganisTvis upiratesobis miniWebiT da dasrulebuli Sualeduri gadawyvetilebiT. adamianis ufleba<http://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-supreme-court/1546821.html>
[19.08.2015].
70
Teresa Wohlers, Leigh Vander, Ryan Rollans, ... etc., Case Law
Update, Texas Tech Administrative Law Jurnal, Vol. 10, Issue 1 (Fall
2008), 142.
54
Ta evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika, romelic uxvad iqna mimoxiluli, araerTgvarovania, kerZod, ar aris SemuSavebuli arc erTgvarovani testi. gadawyvetilebaTa
nawilSi yuradReba eqceva, rogorc zogadi sazogadoebrivi interesis arsebobas, aseve sajaro uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis moments. ukanaskneli periodis gadawyvetilebebi ki mxolod zogadi sazogadoebrivi interesis kriteriumiT kmayofildebian, rac iwvevs gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis gafetiSebas, amiT ki sasamarTlo
TiTqos retrogradulad azrovnebs da ubrundeba pirveli Taobis saqmeebs, im gansxvavebiT, rom aRiarebs uflebaTa Soris konfliqtis arsebobas. sainteresod uyureben mocemul problemas anglo-amerikuli samarTlis
qveynebi. mecnierTa nawili saerTod uaryofs konfliqtis arsebobas da pirad sferosa da informaciis gavrcelebas gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis or mxared miiCneven.
Tumca sasamarTlo praqtika cdilobs garkveuli testi
Camoayalibos, ZiriTadad ki esaa imis gonivruli molodini, rom piradi sfero iqneba daculi. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia am kriteriumis bundovani xasiaTi. bolos ki
SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas, rom rogorc adamianis
uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo, aseve anglo-amerikuli
samarTali gacilebiT mkacrad udgeba sajaro xelisuflebis mier piradi informaciis gavrcelebis sakiTxs,
rac erTgvar CarCoebSi aqcevs gamWvirvale mmarTvelobis princips. yovelive ki SeiZleba aixsnas samarTlis
TeoriaSi kargad damkvidrebuli mosazrebiT, rom politika dominirebs samarTalze, romelic, garkveulwilad,
politikis produqtia. miuxedavad amisa, Tanamedrove
55
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi ki Zalze fexmokidebulia

liberaluri midgoma, romelic gulisxmobs saxelmwifos SezRudvas adamianis uflebebiT. Sedegad, kerZo
seqtors, magaliTad, presas, medias da a. S. yovelTvis
ufro meti Sansi aqvT TavianTi gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT gadafaron individis piradi sferos dacvis ufleba, maSin, roca saxelmwifo struqturebi yovelTvis
mkacri kontrolis qveS iqnebian informaciis gavrcelebis kuTxiT.
56
Giorgi Bagdavadze Student (MA) at Tbilisi State University,

Faculty of Law, Institute of International Law, (1st year)
WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE BETWEEN THE
FREEDOM TO IMPART INFORMATION AND THE
RIGHT TO RESPECT FOR PRIVATE AND
FAMILY LIFE?
Freedom of expression as well as the right to protect
privacy and family life is one of the cornerstones for a modern
society. Lots of universal deeds guarantee these two rights,
especially the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as
regional conventions like European or Inter-American
Conventions on Human Rights. However, in practice there are
numerous cases were these rights need to be balanced with
each other.
This article tries to analyze the above-mentioned
situation and in particular, if there is a horizontal or vertical
relationship between the Right to Freedom of Expression and
the Right to Privacy? Under which circumstances does one
right prevail over the other? How do international courts, such
as European Court of Human Rights, deal with issues like this?
Is there a straight and systematic approach to resolve a
collision of these rights?
The article also compares how these issues are
discussed and solved on different domestic levels. Particularly,
it focuses on UK and USA case-law. Finally, the different
approaches to these issues are summarized.
57
salome gorgoZe

saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da
politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis
magistraturis II kursis studenti
religiuri Tematika da eTikuri
standarti qarTul onlainmediaSi
Sesavali
religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqeba imgvar TemaTa rigs
ganekuTvneba, romelsac media aqtualurad aSuqebs. Aaqedan gamomdinare, media valdebulia aRniSnuli Tema
profesiuli standartebisa da eTikuri normebis dacviT
gaaSuqos. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, religiuri Temis
arasworad gaSuqebam SesaZloa sazogadoebaSi arsebul
religiuri jgufebis dapirispirebasa da konfliqtis
gaRvivebas Seuwyos xeli. warmoqmnas stereotipebi an
ukve arsebuli ganamtkicos.
sakvlevi Tema mniSvnelovania, radgan
religiis
Tavisuflebis uflebis gareSe warmoudgenelia demokratiuli saxelmwifos arseboba. am procesSi gansazRvrulia mediis gansakuTrebuli roli, obieqturad asaxos
movlenebi, imsjelos religiuri problematikis Sesaxeb
da am TvalsazrisiT uzrunvelyos sazogadoebis informirebuloba. religiuri Tavisufleba aRiarebulia,
rogorc qveynis umaRlesi kanoniT _ konstituciiT,
58
aseve saerTaSoriso aqtebiT. is moicavs TiToeuli adamianis uflebas, rogorc martom, ise sxvebTan erTad,
gaacxados Tavisi religia an rwmena aRmsareblobiT,
swavlebiT, ritualebis SesrulebiTa da dacviT.
saqarTvelo mravaleTnikuri qveyanaa, sadac saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTis gverdiT mSvidobianad Tanaarsebobdnen sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobisa da
aRmsareblobis adamianebi. religiuri problemebi Cvens
qveyanaSi perioduli gaaqtiurebiT xasiaTdeba.
bolo
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli religiuri konfliqtis amsaxveli
calkeuli
faqtebi araerTgzis qceula mediisa da sazogadoebis
gansjis sagnad. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 20132014 wlis angariSebis1 mixedviT, religiuri Tavisuflebis dacvis mimarTulebiT umTavres Temas religiuri
niSniT gamovlenili Seuwynareblobisa da Zaladobis
faqtebi warmoadgenda.
ganviTarebuli movlenebis fonze aqtualizdeba sakiTxi, Tu rogor aSuqebs Tanamedrove qarTuli media
religiur Tematikas.
kvlevis mizania, gamovavlinoT onlainmediaSi religiuri Temebis gaSuqebis sadReisod arsebuli tendenciebi. SeviswavloT, ramdenadaa daculi am Temis gaSuqebisas profesiuli standarti da eTikuri normebi.
1
saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2014, saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa

da
TavisuflebaTa
dacvis
mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb:
<http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/2/2439.pdf> [05.05.2015]. aseve
saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2013, saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa
da
TavisuflebaTa
dacvis
mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb:
<http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/1/1563.pdf> [05.05.2015].
59
kvlevis hipoTeza: Tanamedrove qarTul onlainmediaSi

religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas vxvdebiT profesiuli
standartisa da eTikis normebis darRvevis faqtebs, onlainmedia movlenurad interesdeba aRniSnuli TemiT.
1. profesiuli standarti da eTikis normebi

religiuri problematikis gaSuqebisas
bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi religiuri
sakiTxebis gaSuqebis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli araerTi
kvlevis angariSi gvarwmunebs, rom qarTuli mediis
problemaTa Sorisaa religiuri problematikis arasworad gaSuqebis sakiTxi. imdenad, ramdenadac, mniSvnelovania mediis roli cnobierebis amaRlebisa da sazogadoebaSi swori Rirebulebebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi,
Jurnalisturi saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas daculi
unda iyos fundamenturi profesiuli standarti: balansi, obieqturoba, miukerZoebloba, adamianis uflebebis pativiscema.
ra saxis eTikur principebsa da profesiul
standartebzea saubari, roca media religiur sakiTxebs
aSuqebs? saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis2
preambulis me-7 punqti pirdapir exmianeba adamianis
uflebebis upirobo dacvis ideas, rom Jurnalistis
mxridan dauSvebelia nebismieri saxis diskriminacia.
saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia:

<http://qartia.org.ge/?page_id=1371> [31.08.2015].
60
rogorc msoflioSi arsebuli mediaeTikis kodeqsebSia gansazRvruli Jurnalisturi eTika pirdapir kavSirSia adamianis fundamentur uflebebTan: Jurnalistis profesiuli eTika gulisxmobs adamianis iseTi Rirebulebebis pativiscemas, rogorebicaa: adamianis uflebebi, demokratia, mSvidoba da saerTaSoriso urTierTgageba.
aRsaniSnavia evropis qveynebSi arsebuli mediaeTikis kodeqsebi3, sadac calke muxli eTmoba religiuri
Temebis gaSuqebas:
Jurnalistma Tavisi saqmianobiT xeli ar unda

Seuwyos konfliqtebis gaRvivebas rasobrivi,
eTnikuri, religiuri Tu klasobrivi gansxvavebebis safuZvelze _ bulgareTi;
iseTi teqstisa da fotos gamoqveyneba, romlis

forma an Sinaarsi Rrmad Seuracxyofs ama Tu
im jgufis zneobriv da religiur grZnobebs,
SeuTavsebelia presis pasuxismgeblobasTan _
germania;
religiuri Sexedulebebi, institutebi, erTa

wes-Cveulebebi, xalxi da rasebi, iseve rogorc
moqalaqeTa piradi da ojaxuri cxovreba daculi da xelSeuxebelia _ saberZneTi;
SexedulebaTa mravalferovnebis pativiscema gulisxmobs, Jurnalistis mier, rac SeiZleba me-
Jurnalisturi eTika da TviTregulirebis meqanizmebi, broSura

gamocemulia evrosabWosa da evrokomisiis erToblivi proeqtis
farglebSi, Tavisuflebis instituti, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 24-25.
61
ti miukerZoebeli piris Tvalsazrisis warmodgenas. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rodesac

sainformacio saSualebiT operatiuli, bundovani an winaaRmdegobrivi sakiTxi Suqdeba _
litva;
TiToeuli adamianis Rirseba da reputacia daculi unda iyos. kanis feri, erovneba, warmomavloba, religiuri da politikuri mrwamsi,
sqesi da sxva pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi ar unda gamoqveyndes, Tu isini ar ukavSirdeba mocemul sakiTxs an damamcirebeli formiTaa moyvanili _ fineTi.
religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas, saerTaSorisod
aRiarebuli profesiuli standartebis4 mixedviT, mniSvnelovania, Jurnalisti daukvirdes, rogori eniT aRwers sxva religiur jgufebs, zogierTi sityva SesaZloa Jurnalistma Seuracxmyofelad arc ki miiCnios,
magram jgufis wevrebi, romelTa Sesaxebac mzaddeba masala, ase ar miiCnevdnen. aucilebelia, masalis gamoqveynebamde yoveli sityva dakvirvebiT gadamowmdes. yovelTvis arsebobs riski imisa, rom masala sxva religiis mimdevarTa stereotipebis ubralo gameoreba ar gamovides. stereotipebis Seqmna Jurnalistis mxridan dauSvebelia. xSir SemTxvevaSi,
religiur sakiTxebze
muSaobisas Jurnalists wyarod mohyavs sasuliero pirebi, romelTa argumentebic biblias, yurans an sxva
taleri d. mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo, mediis

mravalferovnebis instituti, londoni, 2004, gv 64-65.
62
wminda teqsts eyrdnoba. saxelmZRvanelo principebis

mixedviT, sasurvelia Jurnalisti moeridos mxolod
amgvari argumentaciis gamoyenebas.
aucilebelia religiuri sakiTxebi Jurnalistma
ganixilos socialuri, politikuri da ekonomikuri
ganviTarebisa Tu mimarTulebebis konteqstSi, es Jurnalisturi teqstis momzadebis winapirobaa. xSirad religiur Temaze momzadebuli masalebi sxvadasxva religiuri dResaswaulis gaSuqebiT Semoifargleba, mediam
Tanabari yuradReba unda dauTmos sxva rwmenis xalxis
tradiciul dResaswaulebs.
amdenad, religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas ZiriTadi principi isaa, rom Jurnalisti gaTavisufldes yovelgvari stereotipebisgan, winaswari ganwyobebisgan,
sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamians erTnairad miudges,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxvelisTvis advili amosacnobia avtoris damokidebuleba, rac aris kidec usafuZvlo stereotipebis Seqmnis mizezi.
saintereso masalas gvTavazobs bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi Catarebuli media monitoringebis5 Sedegebi, romlebic religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebas ikvlevdnen. kvlevis ZiriTadi mignebebi6 cxadyofs, rom medi5
eTnikuri, religiuri da seqsualuri umciresobebis gaSuqeba presaSi,

2011:
<http://ge.boell.org/sites/default/files/downloads/Media_
Monitoring_Report_III.pdf > [31.08.2015].
6 qarTulenovan media saSualebebSi eTnikuri da religiuri umciresobebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebis monitoringi: <http://mdfgeorgia.ge
/?menuid=57&lang=1> [19.03.2015]. religiis kanonis gaSuqeba mediaSi,
2011: <http://www.mdfgeorgia.ge/index.php?menuid=4&lang=1&id=55>
[19.03.2015].
63
aSi xSirad gvxvdeba religiuri niSniT diskriminaciis,

stereotipebisa da winaswarganwyobebis Seqmnis magaliTebi, darRveulia samarTlianobis da miukerZoeblobis
principi.
Temis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, aqtualuria aRniSnuli sakiTxis kvleva Semdegi mimarTulebiT:
2.
aSuqebs Tu ara Tanamedrove onlainmedia Tanmimdevrulad da kvalificiurad religiur Temebs

adamianis fundamenturi uflebebis konteqstSi;
icavs Tu ara igi publikaciebSi, religiis Temebze, profesiuli standartis moTxovnebsa da

eTikis normebs;
ramdenad informaciul masalas sTavazobs media

mkiTxvels, uzrunvelyofs Tu ara igi maT informirebulobas.
religiuri problematikis gaSuqeba _ qarTuli
onlainmediis analizi
gasuli wlis bolo ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi

qveyanaSi ori SemTxveva dafiqsirda, rodesac saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi adgilobriv muslim da marTlmadidebel mrevls Soris religiur niadagze dapirispireba moxda.
2014 wlis seqtemberSi
qobuleTSi mcxovrebma
moqalaqeebma, romlebic Tavs marTlmadidebel mrevls
miakuTvnebdnen, muslimTa pansionatis gaxsna gaaprotes64
tes. Sekrebilebma Senobis SesasvlelTan dakles Rori

da misi Tavi karze dakides. rogorc pansionatis muslimi TanamSromlebi ambobdnen gaxsnis SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi qristianebi maT sisxlis daRvriT emuqrebodnen. isini marTlmadidebeli mrevlis mxridan sityvier Seuracxyofisa da muqaris SemTxvevebzec saubrobdnen.
meore SemTxveva 2014 wlis oqtomberSi adigenis
municipalitetis sofel moxeSi moxda. adgilobrivma
TviTmmarTvelobam Senobis demontaJi daiwyo, romelSic
adgilobrivi muslimebis gancxadebiT Tavdapirvelad meCeTi iyo ganTavsebuli, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi klubad gadaakeTes, misi daSlis Semdgom ki Senoba mitovebuli iyo. adgilobrivma gamgeobam gadawyvita,
rom masSi biblioTeka gaexsna, rasac adgilobrivi muslimebis protesti mohyva. adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli mosaxleoba ki meCeTis aRdgenis winaaRmdegi iyo. samarTaldamcvelebsa da adgilobriv muslimebs Soris
fizikuri dapirispirebac moxda, daakaves 14 adamiani.
aRniSnuli movlenebidan gamomdinare, sakvlev periodad SevarCieT 2014 wlis seqtemberi-dekemberi, ramac
SesaZlebloba mogvca davkvirvebodiT erTi mxriv rogor gaaSuqa mediam uSualod konfliqturi situacia,
ra saxis masalebi gaavrcela momxdaris Sesaxeb, ramdenad iyo gamoqveynebul masalebSi daculi eTikisa da
profesiuli standartis normebi. meore mxriv, momdevno
ori Tvis (noemberi, dekemberi) ganmavlobaSi religiuri
Tematikis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli masalebis analizma saSualeba mogvca, dagvedgina, ramdenad aisaxeba konfliq65
turi situacia masalaTa raodenobaze, media movlenurad interesdeba aRniSnuli sakiTxiT, roca uSualod
konfliqti xdeba, Tu mudmivad iCens interess religiuri Tematikis mimarT.
sakvlev masalad SevarCieT onlainmediis sami gamocema: `tabula.ge~, `geworld.ge~ da `netgazeti.ge~. aRniSnuli onlaingamocemebi aqtiurad aSuqeben religiur sakiTxebs. samive maTgans erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli saredaqcio politika aqvs, rac saintereso analizis saSualebas mogvcems, Tu ramdenad mravalferovnad da ra
aqcentebiT Suqdeba religiuri Tematika qarTul onlainmediaSi.
kvlevis meTodis kontent-analizis gamoyenebiT
winaswarSerCeuli kriteriumebis mixedviT (raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi kategoriebis mixedviT) gavaanalizeT
moZiebuli masalebi. gamovavlineT publikaciaTa raodenoba da sixSire, droisa da gamocemaTa mixedviT. Tvisebrivi kategoriebis mixedviT ki davadgineT, ramdenad
mravalferovania Janrulad media, roca religiur Tematikas aSuqebs. ramdenad icavs publikaciebSi wyaroTa
balanss. aSuqebs Tu ara aRniSnul Temas profesiuli
standartisa da eTikis normebis dacviT.
sakvlev periodSi religiur Tematikaze mokvleulia sul 93 publikacia. amaTgan 82 niusi, 5 blogi, 4
interviu, 2 statia.
moZiebuli masalebi ganvixiloT, rogorc raodenobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT, ise Tvisebrivi kategoriebis mixedviT:
66
Janri _ am kriteriumis mixedviT moZiebuli masalebi davaxarisxeT Janrobrivad: statia, niusi, interviu, blogi. ramac, mogvca SesaZlebloba dagvedgina,
ramdenad mravalferovania media
asaxvis formaTa
TvalsazrisiT, sTavazobs Tu ara igi mkiTxvels, rogorc movlenur, axal ambebs, ise vrcel, analizur masalebs. moZiebuli publikaciebi gamocemebis mixedviT
Janrobrivad Semdegnairad gadanawilda:
`tabula.ge~ _ sul 69 masala, amaTgan 64 niusi, 4
blogi, 1 interviu.
`netgazeti.ge~ _ sul 21 masala, amaTgan 18 niusi, 2
statia, 1 blogi.
`geworld.ge~ _ sul 3 masala, amaTgan samive interviu.
Tveebis mixedviT yvelaze meti masala daibeWda oqtomberSi _ 35, seqtemberi _ 26, noemberi _ 17, dekemberi _ 17. aRniSnuli monacemebi mianiSnebs, rom religiuri sakiTxebi movlenurad Suqdeba mediaSi. seqtembersa da oqtomberSi, roca qobuleTisa da moxes SemTxvevebi moxda, media aqtiurad aSuqebda momxdars, Sesabamisad yvelaze meti masala, swored am periodSi gamoqveynda.
yvelaze xSirad mediam sakvlev periodSi gamoqveynebul masalebSi yuradReba dauTmo iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa:
religiuri Seuwynareblobisa da diskriminaciis
faqtebi;
umciresobebis uflebebis dacva;
67
skolebSi bavSvebis indoqtrinacia;

religiuri dResaswaulebi;
religiuri konfesiebis dafinansebis sakiTxi;
sapatriarqos skola-pansionebis sakiTxi;
ganxilulma onlaingamocemebma qveyanaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis gamo yuradReba swored qobuleTsa da
moxeSi momxdar faqtebze gaamaxviles. momxdari gaSuqebuli iyo, rogorc religiuri Seuwynareblobisa da religiuri niSniT diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi, riTac dairRva adamianis fundamenturi uflebebi. aRniSnul Temas
gamoqveynebul masalaTa umetesoba daeTmo `netgazeti.gesa~ da `tabula.ge-ze~. movlenebi ZiriTadad gaSuqebuli
iyo mokle niusebis saxiT, romlebSic aRwerili iyo
faqtebi, aseve am faqtebis Sefaseba marTlmadidebeli Tu
sxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero pirebis mier, politikosebisa da adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebis mier. masalebi profesiuli standartisa da eTikis normebis dacviT iyo mowodebuli. vinaidan masalaTa umetesoba niusebi iyo, informaciac SedarebiT mwiri da nakleb analizuri iyo. rac Seexeba `geworld.ge-s~, aRniSnulma gamocemam arcerTi masala ar dauTmo qobuleTsa da moxeSi
ganviTarebul movlenebs. sami interviu, romelic gamocemam sakvlev periodSi gamoaqveyna sasuliero pirebTan interviuebi iyo. masalebSi gamovlinda profesiuli standartisa da eTikis normebis darRvevis faqtebi, siZulvilis ena da Seuracxmyofeli gamonaTqvamebi.
wyaroebi _ vin iyvnen wyaroebi, rogori iyo maTi
pozicionireba. amgvarma gaanalizebam saSualeba mogvca
68
Segvefasebina, ramdenad icavda Jurnalisti momzadebul

masalebSi wyaroTa balanss, kerZod, gamoxatavdnen Tu
ara momxdaris Sesaxeb Jurnalistis mier SerCeuli
wyaroebi sxvadasxva pozicias. gamoqveynebul masalebSi
wyaroebad ZiriTadad gamoyenebuli iyo:
sapatriarqo _ marTlmadidebeli sasuliero
pirebi;
sxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero pirebi;
religiis saagento;
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gancxadebebi;
kvlevebi/angariSebi religiis Temaze;
saxalxo damcveli;
statiebSi wyaroebad SerCeulebi iyvnen aramarto
marTlmadidebeli, aramed sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero pirebi. radgan mravalkonfesiur qveyanaSi
vcxovrobT, aucilebelia Jurnalistebma gaiTvaliswinon
is faqti, rom qveyanaSi marTlmadidebel qristianTa
gverdiT cxovroben sxva religiis warmomadgenlebi,
romlebsac informaciis miRebasa da wvdomaze iseTive
uflebebi aqvT, rogorc danarCen moqalaqebs. amitom religiuri
Temis
gaSuqebisas
`tabula.ge-sa~
da
`netgazeti.ge-ze~ gamoqveynebul masalebSi pozitiurad
SegviZlia miviCnioT wyaroTa mravalferovneba, rogorc
marTlmadidebeli, ise sxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero
pirebis Sefasebebi. garda amisa, `tabula.ge-ze gamoqveynda niusebi, rogorc marTlmadidebluri dResaswaulebis Sesaxeb, ise sxva religiis dResaswaulebis Sesaxeb.
ufro metic, blogebSi (avtori: malxaz sonRulaSvili)
gvTavazobda mokle istoriul mimoxilvebs ama Tu im
69
dResaswaulis Sesaxeb. rac ufro mravalferovans da

sainteresos xdida masalebs.
toni _ gamovyaviT tonis sami saxe: pozitiuri,
negatiuri da neitraluri. pozitiurad fasdeba, rodesac
masalaSi Warbobs iseTi pozitiuri elementebi,
rogoricaa adamianis uflebebis dacva, dadebiTi politikuri gamoxmaureba, kmayofili adamianebi. negatiurad
fasdeba, rodesac masalaSi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba Cans raime faqtis an respondentis mimarT, gvxvdeba
adamianis uflebebis darRvevis faqtebi, uaryofiTi politikuri gamoxmaureba, ukmayofilo adamianebi. neitralurad SevafaseT masalebi, romlebSic ar Cans mkveTrad gamoxatuli pozitiuri da negatiuri elementebi.
mediateqstebi, ZiriTadad, neitralurad Sefasda,
risi ganmapirobebeli faqtori isic iyo, rom moZiebul
publikaciebSi niusebi Warbobda. ar igrZnoboda romelime mxaris an subieqtis mimarT dadebiTi Tu negatiuri
gaSuqebis tendencia. ar gvxvdeboda kritikuli masalebi, umTavresad movlenebis Tanmimdevruli Sefaseba Canda, vidre raime problemis win wamowevis mcdeloba. xSiri iyo masalebi, romlebic religiur Temaze kvlevebisa
da angariSebis Sesaxeb awvdida mkiTxvels informacias.
Tavad kvlevebi, bevr problemur sakiTxs moicavda, magram moZiebul masalebSi ar yofila am problemebis win
wamowevis mcdeloba, isini gamoqveynebuli iyo, rogorc
kvlevis Sedegebis mimoxilvis nawili an arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis mier gavrcelebuli gancxadebebis nawili
da ara, rogorc Jurnalisturi teqsti.
70
profesiuli standarti/eTika _ profesiuli standartisa da eTikis normebis darRveva ikveTeboda

`geworld.ge-is~ vebgverdze gamoqveynebul interviuebSi.
maTi analizisas Segvxvda siZulvilis ena da Seuracxmyofeli gamonaTqvemebi. magaliTad, interviu:
mama
giorgi (razmaZe): Tu gvinda RvTis uaryofa da uflis
gmoba,- evrointegracia amas gardauvals xdis.7 masalaSi ieRovas mowmeebi Seuracxmyofeli, diskriminaciuli terminebiTaa moxseniebuli. masala evropis adamianis
uflebaTa sasamarTlos ganCinebas exeba, romlis mixedviTac saqarTvelos mTavrobas ieRovas mowmeebis mimarT
Cadenili sisastikisaTvis kompensacia unda gadauxados. aRniSnul masalaSi aseve Segvxvda magaliTebi, roca ar moxda faqtisa da komentaris erTmaneTisagan gamijvna, roca Jurnalisti statiis lidSive sakuTar pozicias daufaravad gamoxatavs da ar erideba siZulvilis enisa da Seuracxmyofeli terminebis gamoyenebas,mokled, moveswariT, rom ieRovas seqta, romelic sinamdvileSi jorj sorosis damqaSTa sabudaria da pirdapir asocirdeba `mecocxe nacionalebis~ xrovasTan,
qarTul saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso asparezze aCoqebs.
ra safrTxes warmoadgens es seqta saqarTvelosTvis, ra
interesebs emsaxurebian ieRovas mowmeebi da hyavT Tu
ara maT mfarvelebi dRevandel xelisuflebaSi?
aseTive magaliTs vxvdebiT kidev erT interviuSi,
saxelwodebiT: mama basili (mkalaviSvili): sinodis
7<http://geworld.ge/View.php?ArtId=6243&lang=ge&Title=mama+giorgi+
%28razmaZe%29%3A+Tu+gvinda+RvTis+uaryofa+da+uflis+gmoba%2C+
_+evrointegracia+amas+gardauvals+gaxdis> [02.05.2015].
71
krebebs marTvavdnen soso TofuriZe da giga bokeria,

ugulava ki epistoleebs asworebda.8
interviuSi,
Jurnalisti kiTxvis dasmisas ar erideba sakuTari azris gamoxatvas, rac Seexeba arasamTavrobo seqtors,
romelic `liberalebis~ mTavari mokavSirea da romelsac didi xania, sazogadoebam mexuTe kolonis iarliyi
miakera, maTi aqtiurobis Sedegad xelisuflebam ukve
gadadga ramdenime antisaxelmwifoebrivi nabiji _ moxsna moratoriumi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis ucxoelebze gasxvisebaze, miiRo antidiskriminaciuli kanoni da
saqarTveloSi moqmedi sxvadasxva religiuri konfesia
iuridiuli statusiT marTlmadideblobas gauTanabra.
visi miTiTebiT moqmedeben es e. w. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi? aRniSnuli uxeSi darRvevaa profesiuli
standartisa, rac Jurnalistisgan faqtisa da komentaris erTmaneTisgan gamijvnas moiTxovs.
samive masalaSi igrZnoba antidasavluri ganwyoba.
rogorc respondentebis, ise Jurnalistis mier dasavleTi ganxilulia, rogorc qveynisaTvis damRupveli
propagandis mqadagebeli.
kvlevis mignebebi:
religiuri sakiTxebis movlenuri gaSuqeba _ ganxiluli masalebi sakvlev periodSi asaxavda mimdinare religiur movlenebs. media Tanmimdevrulad
misdevda ganviTarebul ambebs;
8
<http://geworld.ge/View.php?ArtId=6312&lang=ge&Title=mama+basili+
%28mkalaviSvili%29%3A+sinodis+krebebs+marTavdnen+soso+TofuriZe+
da+giga+bokeria%2C+ugulava+ki+epistoleebs+asworebda> [02.05.2015].
72
religiuri problemebis politizeba _ ganxilul

statiebSi SeimCneva tendencia, rom xSirad religiuri Tema politikur WrilSia warmodgenili. masalis Temac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, imiTaa motivirebuli, rom romelime politikurma subieqtma religiur sferoSi momxdari ambavi Seafasa;
publikaciaTa zedapiruloba _ warmodgenil sakvlev periodSi vxvdebiT cota statias, sadac
problemis safuZvliani ganxilva gvxvdeba. Jurnalistebi ar gvTavazobdnen zogadi religiuri
problemebis analizs;
masalebis neitraluri toni _ `tabula.ge-sa~ da
`netgazeti.ge-ze~ ganTavsebul masalaTa umetesoba
neitraluri toniT Sefasda. negatiurad Sefasda,
mxolod `geworld.ge-is~ mier momzadebuli masalebi, romlebSic gvxvdeboda profesiuli da eTikuri
normebis darRvevis faqtebi, siZulvilis ena, diskriminaciuli gamonaTqvamebi;
mravalferovani wyaroebi _ ganxilul masalebSi
wyaroebad warmoCenili iyvnen xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, marTlmadidebeli da sxva religiuri
jgufebis sasuliero pirebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. Tumca, naklebi sivrce daeTmoT ubralo
adamianebs, konfliqtis uSualo monawileebs.
daskvna
amdenad, profesiuli standartebisa da eTikis
normebis mixedviT gaanalizebulma masalebma cxadyo,
73
rom hipoTeza gamarTlda: religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas qarTul onlainmediaSi gvxvdeba profesiuli
standartisa da eTikis normebis darRvevis SemTxvevebi.
mokvleul masalebSi umetesoba niusia, sadac warmoCenilia faqtebi da sxvadasxva wyaros mier am faqtebis Sefaseba. wyaroebi mravalferovania, marTlmadidebeli da sxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero pirebi, politikosebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenlebi.
Tumca, maTTan SedarebiT naklebi dro eTmoba ubralo
moqalaqeebs, romlebic swored ganxiluli Temebis mTavari moqmedi pirebi arian da romelTa poziciis Cvenebac mniSvnelovania.
kvlevis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom onlaingamocemebi
`tabula.ge~ da `netgazeti.ge~ profesiuli standartebisa
da eTikis normebis dacviT aSuqebs religiur Tematikas, Tumca umetesad aris movlenuri da momxdar movlenebs Tanmimdevrulad mihyveba. religiuri sakiTxebis
gaSuqebisas Temis iniciatori umeteswilad Tavad ar
aris. onlaingamocema `geworld.ge-is~ mier gamoqveynebuli zemoT aRniSnuli masalebi ki Seicavda siZulvilis
enas, diskriminaciul da Seuracxmyofel gamonaTqvamebs.
igrZnoboda Temebis politizeba, antidasavluri ganwyoba. aseve, gamovlinda magaliTebi, rodesac Jurnalistis
mier ar xdeboda faqtisa da komentaris erTmaneTisgan
gamijvna.
rekomendaciebi:
profesiuli standartebis dacva _ iseve, rogorc nebismieri profesiis adamianisTvis, JurnalistisTvisac umniSvnelovanesia profesiuli
74
standartebis dacva, rac, Tavis mxriv, prevenciaa saimisod, rom momzadebuli masala uxarisxo da mcdari iyos.
eTikuri normebis dacva _ Jurnalistis mxridan eTikuri normebis gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia masalebze muSaobisas. profesiuli eTika
warmoadgens im oqros Sualeds, romlis dacvis
SemTxvevaSic JurnalistisaTvis ufro advildeba profesiuli standartebis Sesruleba.
qveynis kanonmdeblobis dacva _ qveynis kononmdeblobisadmi morCileba TiToeuli moqalaqis
valia. kanonmdeblobis normebis cnoba da gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis daexmareba Jurnalists
masalebSi samarTlebrivi Secdomebisgan Tavis
aridebaSi.
specializebuli Jurnalistebis arseboba _ sasurvelia religiis Temaze momuSave Jurnalistebs hqondeT sabaziso codna am Temisa, rac,
Tavis mxriv, gamoricxavs Secdomebs. maT mier
momzadebuli masalebi ki kvalificiuri da sando iqneba.
75
Salome Gorgodze Student (MA) at Tbilisi State University,

Faculty of social and political Sciences (2nd year)
RELIGIOUS ISSUES AND ETHICAL STANDARTS IN
GEORGIAN ONLINE MEDIA
The study aims to show how religious issues and
problems are covered by Georgian online media. Three online
magazines Netgazeti.ge, geworld.ge and tabula.ge
are discussed. The study is based on publications about
religious problems in a four-months period (from September to
December 2014) and aims to reveal current trends in the
coverage of religious issues in Georgian online media. It will
be specifically discussed whether the media is sufficiently
interested in religious problems, and how professional
journalistic standards and ethical aspects are kept in this regard.
A special focus is the role of journalism in delivering religious
issues to the society and whether this role is clearly identified.
Professional standards and ethical norms of publications, as
well as the diversity of the genre, are also highlighted. The
study especially considers the context of two main democratic
values fundamental Human Rights and Press Freedom.
Methodologically, the study used content-analysis for its
examination of professional standards and ethical norms.
Research findings:
Less attention to religious issues is paid by the media;
A politicization of religious issues can be observed;
Superficial materials are frequently used.
The study showed that Georgian online media pay
insufficient attention to the coverage of religious issues, and
76
that violations of professional standards and ethical norms are

frequently observed.
Accordingly, the recommendations are as follows:
More attention should be paid to proper coverage of
religious issues;
Professional standards have to be observed by the
journalists;
Ethical standards have to be observed within journalistic
texts;
Constitutionally guaranteed rights, such as the respect of
fundamental Human Rights, have to be observed in
journalistic activity.
77
nata ZveliSvili
ivane javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis socialur da politikur
mecnierebaTa fakultetis maskomunikaciisa
da mediis kvlevebis magistri
eTikuri problemebi qarTul

onlainmediaSi socialuri qselebis
gamoyenebisas
Sesavali
saqarTveloSi TviTregulirebis pirveli dokumenti, romelic Seiqmna, mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi iyo.
amas imave wels mohyva Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis
Camoyalibeba. swored amis Semdeg iwyeba qveyanaSi TviTregulirebis meqanizmis ganviTareba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc kodeqsi, ise qartia
araerT saxelmZRvanelo princips adgens, onlainmediaSi
teqnologiebis ganviTarebasTan erTad axali eTikuri
problemebi Cndeba, romelic jerjerobiT mouwesrigebelia. magaliTad, TviTregulirebis zemoT aRniSnuli
arc erTi meqanizmi specialur ganmartebebs ar akeTebs
unda gavrceldes Tu ara saredaqcio pasuxismgebloba
siZulvilis enis Semcvel komentarebze, rac umciresobebis Tematikis gaSuqebisas gansakuTrebiT problemuri xdeba xolme. aseve ar arsebobs calsaxa regulacia
78
aris Tu ara eTikis darRveva, rodesac Jurnalisti ama

Tu im piris mier socialur qselSi gamoqveynebul
posts nebarTvis gareSe Jurnalistur masalaSi iyenebs.
saqarTveloSi erTgvar tendenciad iqca rogorc sajaro, ise kerZo pirebis mier Facebook-Si gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis axal ambad qceva. gamocemebi eWqveS ar ayeneben angariSebis namdvilobas. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis Tu sizustis dacvis standartebi xSirad
swored amgvar masalebSi irRveva.
aseve ar arsebobs calsaxa pasuxi kiTxvaze, dgeba
Tu ara mediasaSualebis miukerZoebloba eWvqveS, rodesac Jurnalisti sakuTar Sefasebebs akeTebs im Temaze, razec muSaobs, eqmneba Tu ara safrTxe amgvari qceviT gamocemis sandoobas.
calsaxa midgoma am sakiTxebisadmi arc sxva qveynebSi arsebobs. Tumca, araerTi SemTxvevaa, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise msoflio mediaSi, rodesac Jurnalisti swored socialur qselSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis
gamo gaaTavisufles, vinaidan redaqciam CaTvala, rom
amgvari gamoxatviT, gamocemis miukerZoeblobis standarti dairRva.1
am safuZvliT dasaqmebulis sanqcireba gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebis SezRudvaa Tu damsaqmeblis reputaciis
dacva, sad gadis zRvari kompaniis mflobelebis interesebsa da sityvis Tavisuflebas Soris? - am sakiTxebzec
calsaxa pasuxi ar arsebobs.
1
The Guardian, Octavia Nasr fired by CNN over tweet praising late
ayatollah
<http://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/jul/08/octavia-nasrcnn-tweet-fired>, 2010 [14.02. 2015].
79
samecniero wreebSi amgvari sakiTxebi eTikur

WrilSi naklebad aris gamokvleuli. aqcenti ZiriTadad
socialur qselze, rogorc axal da mniSvnelovan wyaroze keTdeba da kvlevebis fokusic xSrad swored es
aris.
dRes ukve, ambebi JurnalistTan FFacebook-is da
Twitter-is saSualebiT xvdeba. is, rac reportioris mier aris xelmowerili, ukve arsebobs socialuri mediis
samyaroSi. Jurnalists isRa darCenia gadaarCios da
gansxvavebuli kuTxiT gaanalizebuli informacia SesTavazos auditorias.2 Tumca, teqnologiurma ganviTarebam
JurnalistebisTvis wyaroebis wvdomis gamartivebasTan
erTad gadamowmebis problema gaaZliera, amitomac socialur qselSi gamoqveynebuli informacia ormagad unda gadamowmdes gamoqveynebamde3 am mosazrebas iziarebs
menCeric,4 rodesac ambobs, rom socialur qselebSi
gavrcelebul informacias gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT
gadamowmeba sWirdeba, vinaidan xSirad blogebze informacia mcdaria, Facebook-is gverdebi SeiZleba yalbi
iyos da Youtube-ma Jurnalistebs dro daakargvinos.
2
Alejandro J. Journalism in the Age of Social Media, Reuters Institute

Fellowship Paper, University of Oxford,UK. 2010, <https://reutersinstitute.
politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Journalism%20in%20the%20Age%20of
%20Social%20Media.pdf>. [28.01. 2015].
3
White E. L., New Media in the Newsroom: A Survey of Local Journalists
and Their Managers on the use of Social Media as Reporting Tools, momzadebulia magistris xarisxis mosapoveblad, CrdiloeT karolinas
universiteti, Capel hili, aSS, 2012, 46.
4
menCeri m. axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, l. gvelesianis Targmani, ana WabaSvilis redaqtorobiT Tbilisi, 2013, gamomcemloba
diogene.
80
yvelaze mniSvnelovani dilema swored maSin Semodis, rodesac Jurnalists socialur mediaSi gavrcelebuli informaciis daxarisxeba uwevs da wyvets, romels endos. meores mxriv, personebs ufro advilad endoba xalxi da informaciasac ufro advilad awvdis
socialuri qselis meSveobiT.5
politikuri axali ambebis Jurnalistebis mier socialuri mediis gamoyeneba norvegiaSi rogstadma Seiswavla.6 misi daskvniT, sxva media saSualebebis JurnalistebTan SedarebiT socialur qselebs ufro metad
onlainmediis reportiorebi iyeneben. mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom politikis axali ambebis Jurnalistebis didi
nawili ar afiqsirebs sakuTar mosazrebas politikur
ambebze socialur qselebSi da mas ufro metad piradi
urTierTobebisa da garTobis saSualebad ganixilaven.
im Temebze mosazrebebis gamoTqmas, romelzec Jurnalisti muSaobs, eTikur WrilSi ganixilavs podjeric,7 romelic ambobs, rom Jurnalistebs urCevniaT
socialur qselSi calke hqondeT piradi da calke
profesiuli gverdebi.
Newman N. Mainstream media and the Distribution of News in the Age of

Social Discovery. (Tech Rep). Oxford, UK: Reuters Institute for the Study
of Journalism, 2011, 48.
6
Rogstad I. D. Political News Journalists in Social Media, Journalism
Practice, Vol. 8, Iss. 6, Cardiff School of Journalism, Media & Culture,
UK. 2014. 12-14.
7
Podger, P. J. The Limits of Control. American Journalism Review. USA,
Philip Merrill College of Journalism at the University of Maryland. 2009.
<http://ajrarchive.org/article_printable.asp?id=4816> [15.03, 2015].
81
swored eTikur WrilSi ganixileba sakiTxi Tu visi pasuxismgeblobaa internetSi gamoqveynebuli masalis
qvemoT momxmareblebis mier datovebuli siZulvilis
enis Semcveli komentarebi. saredaqcio zedamxedvelobidan user-generated content-ze (momxmareblis mier generirebuli Sinaarsi) gadasvlam korporaciuli socialuri
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi wamowia win da axali gamowvevebi dadga sityvis Tavisuflebis kuTxiT8 vin aris
pasuxismgebeli siZulvilis enis Semcveli Tu Seuracxmyofeli komentarebis dros, redaqcia Tu Tavad komentaris avtori _ calsaxa pasuxi ar arsebobs. Tumca
lanpere9 SeniSnavs, rom siZulvilis enis Semcveli komentarebi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis dacviT ar sargebloben da Sesabamisad misi waSla sityvis Tavisuflebis
SezRudvad ar miiCneva.
zemoT aRniSnuli eTikuri dilemebisa da gamowvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, winamdebare kvlevis mizania gaanalizdes dgeba Tu ara miukerZoeblobis standarti eWvqveS, rodesac Jurnalisti socialur qselSi im sakiTxze akeTebs mosazrebas, razec muSaobs, amasTan, Sefasdes, ramdenad samarTliania samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba
amgvari gamoxatvis gamo. agreTve, gamoikvlios irRveva
Tu ara raime eTikuri standarti im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Jurnalisti nebarTvis gareSe iRebs socialur
qselSi gamoqveynebul romelime posts da mas Jurna8
Mller Ch., New forms of journalism . The Online Media Self-Regulation

Guidebook, Vienna, Austria. 2013. 8-25.
Laanpere L. Online Hate Speech: Hate or Crime?

<http://files.elsa.org/AA/Online_Hate_Speech_Essay_Competition_runner_
up.pdf,> , 2013, [3. 05.2015].
82
listur produqtSi iyenebs. kvlevis kidev erTi mizania, aCvenos iReben Tu ara qarTuli onlaingamocemebi
pasuxismgeblobas mkiTxvelis mier datovebul siZulvilis enis Semcvel komentarebze.
kvlevis hipoTeza Semdegnairad Camoyalibda:
1 Jurnalistebis mier socialur qselSi samuSao
Temaze sakuTari mosazrebebis dafiqsirebiT eTikuri
standarti irRveva.
2 socialur qselSi gamoqveynebuli statusis
Jurnalistur masalaSi gamoyeneba eTikuri standartis
darRveva ar aris.
3 siZulvilis enis Semcvel komentarebze qarTuli
onlaingamocemebi saredaqcio pasuxismgeblobas ar iReben da ar Slian mas.
1. kvlevis meTodologia
kvlevis meTodologiad SeirCa siRrmiseuli interviu. kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRes eqvsi onlaingamocemis
redaqtorebma,
maT
Soris:
maia
mecxvariSvili
(netgazeti.ge),
zura vardiaSvili (liberali.ge), daviT
CixlaZe
(tavisupleba.org),
lela
SerazadiSvili
(droni.ge) da inga bajeliZe (news.ge). TiToeuli maTgani sazogadeobriv politikuri kontentis, gavlenisa da
reitingis mixedviT SeirCa. redaqtorebi gamoikiTxnen
2015 wlis 20-30 martis periodSi.
kvlevisas aseve gamoikiTxnen eqspertebi - Tamar
ruxaZe (Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis aRmasrulebeli
direqtori), uCa seTuri (informaciis Tavisuflebis
83
ganviTarebis institutis mediis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli), naTia kupraSvili (regionul mauwyebelTa

asociaciis aRmasrulebeli direqtori), daviT kldiaSvili (Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis sabWos mdivani,
iuristi), naTia kapanaZe (axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis gamgeobis wevri), ana qeSelaSvili (sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutis profesori), Tamar kinwuraSvili (mediis ganviTarebis fondis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare).
eqspertebi warmoadgenen im organizaciebs, romlebic mediis mimarTulebiT muSaoben. garda amisa, kvlevaSi monawile pirebi Tavad ikvleven maT Soris media
eTikis sakiTxebs, amasTan ar warmoadgendnen arc erT
mediasaSualebas. eqspertebTan siRrmiseuli interviuebi
2015 wlis 1-10 martis periodSi Catarda. interviu
respondentebTan pirispir mimdinareobda da yvela kiTxva Ria tipis iyo, Sesabamisad repondentebi Tavisufalni iyvnen pasuxebis gacemis procesSi.
kvlevisas gamoyenebuli iyo aseve raodenobrivi
kvlevis meTodi - kontent analizi. kvleva 1-31 martis
periodSi mimdinareobda. dakvirveba kvlav zemoT aRniSnul eqvs vebgverdze xorcieldeboda. gaanalizda socialuri qselebidan ra ufro xSirad xvdeba onlainmediis mier momzadebul masalebSi teqsti (statusebi), foto Tu video masalebi. amasTan aris Tu ara socialuri qselidan aRebuli informacia pirveladi da erTaderTi wyaro, Tu gamocema mas rogorc meorad, damxmare wyaros ise iyenebs.
84
2. Sedegebi
kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom monawile mediasaSualebis Jurnalistebi, socialur qselebs aramxolod
Temebis da repondentebis moZiebisTvis iyeneben, aramed
afiqsireben sakuTar mosazrebebs im Temebzec ki, rasac
aSuqeben. iqidan gamomdinare, rom qveyanaSi arsebul
eTikur regulaciebSi am sakiTxze araferia naTqvami,
redaqciebsac ar aqvT erTgvarovani midgoma da socialur qselebSi mosazrebebis dafiqsirebaze SezRudvebs
sxvadasxva formiT uweseben Jurnalistebs an saerTod
ar zRudaven maT gamoxatvas.
kvlevaSi monawile 5 gamocemidan 3 ambobs, rom arsebobs zepiri SeTanxmeba redaqciaSi da mimdinare movlenebze Jurnalistebi ar afiqsireben sakuTar mosazrebebs, radgan socialuri qselebi miiCneva sajaro sivrced10, Sesabamisad, iq gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rogorc
sajaro Sefaseba, ise aRiqmeba.
kvlevis TiTqmis yvela monawile (12-dan 11) iziarebs im azrs, rom Jurnalistis mier socialur qselSi
mosazrebis dafiqsireba im Temaze, razec muSaobs, mediasaSualebis miukerZoeblobas safrTxes uqmnis. mTavari
is aris, rom Jurnalistebi mkiTxvelis mier im gamocemasTan asocirdebian, sadac muSaoben, Sesabamisad, rodesac isini ama Tu im movlenas afaseben, an romelime
respondentis mimarT sakuTar damokidebulebas gamoxataven, mkiTxvels uCndeba winaswari ganwyoba, rom Jur10
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2014 wlis 9 ianvris as1559-1462-2012 ganCineba.

85
nalisti mikerZoebuli iqneba imave Temaze momzadebul

Jurnalistur masalaSi.
socialuri qselebi sajaro sivrcea, amitom iq dafiqsirebuli mosazreba im Temebis Sesaxeb, rasac Jurnalisti aSuqebs, iseve ayenebs rogorc misi, ise mediasaSualebis miukerZoeblobas eWqveS, rogorc es sajaro
sivrceSi gamosvliT moxdeboda.11
socialur qselSi aqtiuroba SesaZloa gaigivdes
iseT aqtivobasTan, rogoricaa sxvdasxva demonstraciaSi monawileoba, peticiebze xelmowera da aS, rac aseve
dauSveblad miiCneva, swored miukerZoeblobis dacvis
motiviT.
zemoT aRniSnuli garemoebebis gamo, Jurnalistebma
unda icodnen, rom maTi gamoxatvis Tavisufleba sxva
profesiis adamianebisgan gansxvavebiT, garkveulwilad
SezRudulia sajaro sivrceSi, maT Soris socialur
qselebSic.12
Tumca mniSvnelovania isic, Tu ra tipis gamocemaze vsaubrobT, rodesac saqme exeba im mediasaSualebas,
romelsac deklarirebuli aqvs garkveuli Zalis an
ideologiis mxardaWera, maSin mkiTxvelisTvis ukve naklebi problemaa am gamocemis Jurnalistis mier dafiqsirebuli mosazreba. vinaidan man icis rom mTel redaqcias imgvari Sexeduleba aqvs da Tavad wyvets iyos, Tu
ara misi mkiTxveli.13
11
kldiaSvili d., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.

seTuri u., personaluri komunikacia, 2015
13
kinwuraSvili T., personaluri komunikacia, 2015
12
86
kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa mosazreba, rom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu SromiT xelSekrulebaSi ar iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli maT Soris socialuri mediaSi aqtiurobis
farglebi, damsaqmebels saSualeba eqneba sakuTari survilisamebr, nebismier dros gaaTavisuflos Jurnalisti.
safuZvlad ki socialur qselSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba
daasaxelos, ramac misi azriT, gamocemis miukerZoebloba eWvqveS daayena. amitomac manipulaciis gamosaricxad,
mniSvnelovania, rom
media organizaciebma SeimuSaon
socialuri mediis politika, sadac gansazRvaven TanamSromelTa moqmedebis farglebs.
imisaTvis, rom gvenaxa, Tu rogor iyeneben onlaingamocmebi socialur qselebs sakuTar masalebSi. kvlevaSi
monawile xuTi vebgverdis (netgazeti.ge, liberali.ge,
tavisupleba.org, droni.ge, news.ge). kontent analizi ganxorcielda. dakvirveba 1-31 martis periodSi mimdinareobda.
kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom saerTo jamSi xuTive vebgverdze axali ambebis rubrikaSi gamoqveynda
4772 masala, saidanac mxolod 345 niusSi (7%) iyo
gamoyenebuli socialuri qseli, rogorc informaciis
wyaro.
amasTan mniSvnelovania, rom socialur qselebs,
rogorc informaciis wyaros, procentulad yvelaze
xSirad iyenebda droni.ge. kvlevis periodSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis 14 procenti swored socialuri qselidan aRebul informacias eyrdnoboda. raodenobrivad
yvelaze met, 253 SemTxvevaSi news.ge daeyrdno socia87
lur qsels, Tumca droni.ge-sgan gansxvavebiT, saerTo

jamSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis mxolod 9%-s Seadgens.
socialur qselSi gavrcelebul informacias yvelaze naklebad eyrdnoboda liberali.ge. man sakvlev periodSi axali ambebis rubrikaSi gamoqveynebuli 693 niusidan mxolod 6 masalaSi (0.86%) gamoiyena socialur
qseli, rogorc informaciis wyaro (ix. diagrama 1).
onlaingamocemebi socialuri qselebidan yvelaze

xSirad (87%) Facebook-s iyeneben, Semdeg modis Twitteri (5%). mas yvelaze xSirad radio Tavisufleba iyenebs saerTaSoriso ambebis momzadebisas. amasTan socialuri qseli misTvis umravles SemTxvevaSi informaciis
erT-erTi da ara erTaderTi wyaroa.
News.ge-sa (13%) da droni.ge-s (33%) masalebSi
xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac ar aris dakonkretebuli Tu
romeli socialuri qselidan aiRes informacia (N/M),
88
rac wyaros identificirebis, Sesabamisad, misi sandoobis gansazRvris saSualebas amcirebs. News.ge-s SemTxvevaSi es maCvenebeli 13 procentia, Droni.ge-s masalebSi ki - 33 procenti.
kidev erTi socialuri qselis, Instagram-is gamoyeneba mxolod or SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda. am qselSi
gamoqveynebul informacias news.ge da tavisupleba.org-i
daeyrdnen.
kvlevaSi monawile onlainmediis yvela warmomadgeneli socialuri qselebidan umetes SemTxvevaSi (80%)
teqstur maslebs (statusebs) iRebs. News.ge da
Droni.ge yvelaze xSirad iyneben socialur qsels, rogorc pirvelad wyaros. maT mier gavrcelebuli informaciebi mxolod socialuri qselidan aRebul komentars an posts eyrdnoba da ar Seicavs raime damatebiT
89
informacias an gadamowmebas. Netgazeti.ge xSirad iyenebs

socialur qselSi aqtualur Temaze gamoqveynebul komentarebs, raTa aCvenos xalxis damokidebuleba ama Tu
im sakiTxisadmi.
eqspertebi ramdenime mediastandarts asaxeleben,
risi darRvevis riskic matulobs im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac informacias socialuri qselidan iRebs:
informaciis sizuste - sxvadasxva qselSi informaciis aRebisas mTavari safrTxe mis sizustesTan dakavSirebiT Cndeba, vinaidan SesaZloa profili ar ekuTvnodes
im adamians, visi saxeliTac vrceldeba, garda amisa, SesaZloa misi profiliT werdes sxva pirovneba, an ukve gamoqveynebuli posti waiSalos an Caswordes,14 swored
amitom Tanamedrove mediaSi Jurnalistis erT-erTi gamowvevaa socialur qselSi gavrcelebuli uamravi informaciidan Rirebulis SerCeva da Semdeg misi gadamowmeba.
rogorc ki socialur qselebSi gavrcelebuli informacia gadadis onlaingamocemis gverdze, is unda eqvemdebarebodes gadamowmebis da damuSavebis iseTive
wess, rogorsac eqvemdebareba nebismieri sxva informacia, romelsac es mediasaSualeba aqveynebs.15
faqtisa da komentaris gamijvna - kidev erTi standartia, romelic SesaZloa ufro metad dairRves im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Jurnalisti socialur qselze
dayrdnobiT avrcelebs masalas. moqalaqeebs, romlebic
amgvar platformebze weren, ar aqvT faqtisa da komentaris gamijvnis valdebuleba. Zalian xSirad socialur
14
15
kupraSvili n., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.

ruxaZe T., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
90
qselSi ganTavsebuli informacia aris ara faqti, aramed - mosazreba, romelic miso avtoris rwmeniT, faqtia. amitomac socialuri qseliT gavrcelebuli informaciis did raodenobaSi ra aris namdvili da ra
aris sicrue, bevrad ufro rTuli gasarkvevia, vidre im
konkretul mizanmimarTul muSaobaSi, rasac media SeiZleba eweodes.16
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva - gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri maSin xdeba, rodesac mediasaSualebebi iseT fotos iReben socialuri qselidan, sadac
ambis gmiri marto ar aris gamosaxuli.
miuxedavad
imisa, rom feisbuqi sajaro sivrcea, mediis pasuxismgeblobaa konteqstis Sesabamisad fotos gamoqveyneba. vinaidan, rodesac adamiani socialur qselSi aqveynebs fotos, komentaris msgavsad, ar fiqrobs, rom is mediis
mier gamoyenebuli iqneba.17
diskriminaciis waxaliseba - socialuri qselidan
aRebuli informaciis Jurnalisturad damuSavebis gareSe gavrcelebiT SesaZloa, pirTa garkveuli jgufis
diskriminacia moxdes, radgan piri, romelic komentars,
Tu statuss wers socialur qselSi, SesaZloa, swored
amgvar terminologias iyenebdes (politkoreqtuli
msjelobis valdebuleba mas ar aqvs), onlainmediaSi misi gadmotaniT media xels uwyobs amgvari enis gavrcelebas. Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis Tanaxmad ki Jur-
16
17
iqve.
kinwuraSvili T., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.

91
nalistma diskriminaciuli gamonaTqvamebis tiraJireba

ar unda moaxdinos.18
pressamsaxuris mier gafiltruli informacia - saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo uwyebebisa Tu oficialuri pirebis gverds socialur qselebSi pressamsaxuri akontrolebs. swored piar specialisti xdeba respondentsa da Jurnalists Soris komunikaciaSi mediumi,19 amgvar SemTxvevebSi Jurnalists ar aqvs saSualeba, damatebiTi kiTxvebi dausvas repodents da miiRos is pasuxi, rac mas konkretuli masalidan gamomdinare sWirdeba.20
yalbi gmirebi - termini pirvelad am kvlevaSi
iqna gamoyenebuli da gulisxmobs SemTxvevas, rodesac
Jurnalistebi respondentebs arCeven socialur qselSi
aqtiurobis mixedviT da azrs ekiTxebian maT, vinc xSirad aqveynebs statusebs, rasac bevri mowoneba da komentari mohyveba.
socialurma qselebma respondentebis SerCeva gaadvila. martivia ganwyobebis danaxva, vis ra pozicia ukavia. Tumca, socialuri qselis gmirebi yovelTvis ar
arian am Temis eqspertebi, razec mosazrebas gamoTqvamen. rodesac bevri adamiani iwonebs vinmes statuss, es
ar zrdis maT eqspertobas.21
Jurnalisturi produqtis ararseboba - kvlevaSi
monawile yvela eqsperti miiCnevs, rom socialur qsel18
kldiaSvili d., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.

seTuri u., personaluri komunikacia, 2015,
20
kupraSvili n., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
21
ruxaZe T., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
19
92
Si gamoqveynebuli statusi calke aRebuli, damatebiTi

wyaros da gadamowmebis gareSe Jurnalisturi produqti ar aris. saqarTveloSi bolo periodSi komentarma
axali ambebis saxe miiRo, rac ver iqneba Jurnalisturi
namuSevari, radgan reportiors mis damuSavebaze ar
umuSavia.22
gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi arsebobs eqspertebsa
da redaqtorebs Soris siZulvilis enis Semcvel komentarebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu redaqtorebi miiCneven, rom
redaqciam pasuxismgebloba ar unda aiRos amgvar gamoxatvaze, eqspertebi Tvlian, rom radgan siZulvilis
enis Semcveli komentarebisTvis gamocemis platforma
aris gamoyenebuli, amitom pasuxismgeblobac amave redaqcias ekisreba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kvlevaSi monawile gamocemebidan
komentarebs mxolod radio Tavisufleba akontrolebs23 Netgazeti.ge komentarebis datovebis funqcias
zRudavs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Temis sensitiurobidan gamomdinare mosalodnelia siZulvilis enis Semcveli komentarebis datoveba24 vebgverdebs specifikur Temebze
momzadebul masalebze datovebul komentarebs survilis miuxedavad ver Slis Liberali.ge- integrirebuli
aqvs Facebook plagini da komentarebi avtomaturad
gadmodis.25
22
qeSelaSvili a., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.

CixlaZe d., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
24
mecxvariSvili m., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
25
vardiaSvili z., personaluri komunikacia 2015.
23
93
miuxedavad imisa, rom siZulvilis enis Semcveli

komentarebisas gamocema uxerxulobas grZnobs, redaqtorebi maT mainc ar ganixilaven masalis Semadgenel
nawilad. kvlevaSi monawile gamocmebidan Netgazeti.ge
erTaderTi gamocemaa, romelsac calsaxad ar aqvs pozicia Camoyalibebuli am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
swored pasuxismgeblobis aRebis sakiTxze dafiqsirda redaqtorebisa da eqspertebs Soris mTavari azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. eqspertebi miiCneven, rom radgan siZulvilis enis Semcveli komentarebisTvis gamocemis
platforma aris gamoyenebuli, amitom pasuxismgeblobac
amave gamocemas ekisreba.
Tu ar moxdeba komentarisa da Jurnalisturi
teqstis erTian platformad aRqma da ar waiSleba
msgavsi komentarebi, media iqceva brma iaraRad siZulvilis enis Semcveli mosazrebebis gasavrceleblad26 eqspertTa azriT, ufro maRali standarti iqneba, Tu gamocema winaswar gaafrTxilebs mkiTxvels da gaakeTebs
warweras, rom siZulvilis enis Semcveli komentarebi
waiSleba.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu redaqcias ar hyofnis komentarebis kontrolis resursi, sjobs gaTiSos komentaris
datovebis SesaZlebloba im Temaze momzadebuli masalis qveS, rasac didi albaTobiT, SesaZloa, mohyves siZulvilis enis Semcveli mosazrebebis gamoxatva.27
26
27
kldiaSvili d., piradi komunikacia, 2015.

kupraSvili n., piradi komunikacia, 3 marti, 2015.
94
daskvna
kvlevisas dadasturda pirveli hipoTeza - sazogadoebriv politikur Temebze Jurnalistebis mier socialur qselSi sakuTari mosazrebebis dafiqsirebiT miukerZoeblobis standarti irRveva. gamocemas Zalian gauWirdeba imis mtkiceba, rom Jurnalisti, romelic socialur qselebSi mudmivad afiqsirebs sakuTar azrs
mimdinare movlenebze, is miukerZoeblad gaaSuqebs imave
ambavs sakuTar Jurnalistur masalaSi. amiT ki organizaciis reputacia da sandooba eWvqveS SeiZleba dadges.
qarTuli onlaingamocemebis redaqtorebi miiCneven,
rom umjobesia, Jurnalistma Tavi Seikavos socialur
qselebSi sakuTari azris dafiqsirebisgan im Temaze, razec muSaobs. Tumca, ar arsebobs, erTiani standarti am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
redaqciaSi socialuri mediis politikis SemuSavebis gareSe damsaqmebels manipulaciis saSualeba rCeba,
vinaidan man SesaZloa, samsaxuridan gafrTxilebis gareSe gaaTavisuflos Jurnalisti socialur qselSi gamoxatvisTvis, ramac damsaqmeblis azriT, gamocemis miukerZoebloba Selaxa.
subieqturi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis gamosaricxad, aucilebelia arsebobdes redaqciis mier SemuSavebuli politika socialur qselebTan dakavSirebiT, romelSic cxadad Caiwereba Tu ra tipis SezRudvebi
uwesdebaT Jurnalistebs. dauSvebelia samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba winaswari gafrTxilebis gareSe. Tumca, miukerZoeblobis standartis dacvisgan ar Tavisufldeba
Jurnalisti im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac amgvari SeTanxmeba
redaqciaSi ar arsebobs.
95
dadasturda meore hipoTeza, rom socialur qselSi gamoqveynebuli informaciis Jurnalistur masalaSi
gamoyenebiT ar irRveva eTikuri standartebi, Tumca,
problema iqneba misi gamoyenebis formebTan dakavSirebiT. mniSvnelovania, rom romelime piris mier socialur qselSi gamoqveynebuli komentaris aRebisas Jurnalisti darwmundes mis sizusteSi, gadaamowmos avtorTan da amcnos, rom am informaciis gamoqveynebas apirebs. amasTan, socialuri qselidan aRebuli informacia unda iyos erTerTi Semadgeneli nawili axali ambebisa, rogorc es xdeba nebismieri sxva saSualebiT miRebuli komentaris Tu informaciis dros.
nawilobriv dadasturda mesame hipoTeza. gamarTlda varaudi, rom siZulvilis enis Semcvel komentarebze qarTuli onlaingamocemebi saredaqcio pasuxismgeblobas ar iReben da mkiTxvelTa mier datovebul
komentarebs masalis Semadgenel nawilad ar ganixilaven.
ar dadasturda mesame hipoTezis meore nawili,
romlis mixedviTac redaqciebi ar Slian siZulvilis
enis Semcvel komentarebs. aRmoCnda, rom kvlevaSi monawile onlaingamocemebi zRudaven siZulvilis enis Semcvel komentarebs arasistematiurad da im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac maTi vebgverdi amis saSualebas iZleva. amasTan
komentaris datovebas zRudaven im SemTxvevaSi, Tu romelime konkretuli masalis gamoqveynebisas mosalodnelia siZulvilis enis Semcveli komentarebi. eqspertebi
miiCneven, rom amgvari komentarebis waSla siZulvilis
enis tiraJirebis xelSeSla ufroa, ris valdebulebac
Jurnalists aqvs, vidre gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva.
96
Nata Dzvelisvili Master at Tbilisi State University, Faculty

of social and political Sciences
ETHICAL ISSUES OF USING SOCIAL NETWORKS IN
GEORGIAN ONLINE MEDIA
In young democracies like Georgia, the self-regulation
system of online media is still fragile. Due to the development
of online media, this system has new trends and challenges.
The goal of this research is to analyze problems of
Georgian online media concerning ethical standards. The
research examines the following questions: Do journalists
violate the self-regulation standards when they post their
personal opinions about the issues they cover with in social
networks? Do the editors and journalists violate the selfregulation standards using other peoples personal posts (in
social networks) as official comments within the news? Who is
responsible if users publish hate speech comments on online
articles?
For analyzing these topics, qualitative (in-depth
interviews) and quantitative (content analyzes) have been used.
In depth interviews have been conducted with seven media
experts and five editors from online news portals covering
social-political issues in Georgia (Liberali.ge, Netgazeti.ge,
News.ge, Droni.ge and Tavisupleba.org).
The first hypothesis the impartiality standard is
violated by journalists expression of his/her viewpoint in
social network on socio-political subjects has been confirmed
by this study. Editors of Georgian media believe it to be better
for a journalist to refrain from expressingpersonal viewpoints
in social networks on subjects that he or she covers. However,
97
there is no common social media policy for all editions in

Georgia.
This may lead to manipulations, e.g. by the employer: a
journalist may be dismissed without warning due to the fact
that he/she expressed certain opinions in a social network,
which, according to the employer, brought harm to the
impartiality of the media .
Various experts discuss this danger. In order to prevent
manipulations and subjective decisions by the employer, they
suggest an overriding social media policy, clearly defining the
types of restrictions journalists have to respect. Dismissal from
office without preliminary warning is unacceptable.
The second hypothesis of this study was confirmed as
well using personal statuses posted on social network as an
information source is not necessarily a violation of ethical
standards. However, the question is how reporters may use
these comments. It is important to double-check information
which was posted by users on social networks. Moreover, such
kind of information should not be the only source, but only be
part of the news (asdone in using traditional sources).
The final hypothesis Georgian online media editors
do not feel responsible for hate speech comments on their
online articles and do not delete them has only been partly
confirmed. Editors randomly delete offensive and hate speech
comments, but they rather think that the authors of each
comment are responsible for the comments content. Analyzing
international cases as well as interviews with experts reveals
that deleting hate speech comments is not a restriction of the
Freedom of Expression.
98
mariam TurqiSvili

saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli
fakultetis bakalavriatis VI semestris
studenti
mediis gavlena marTlmsajulebaze
Sesavali
medias gaaCnia mniSvnelovani funqcia sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi da demokratiis principebidan gamomdinare,
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis yvela Sto aqtiurad TanamSromlobs masTan. am mxriv arc sasamarTlo xelisuflebaa gamonaklisi. mauwyebelma mniSvnelovnad Secvala sazogadoebis damokidebuleba sasamarTlos mimarT. man xeli Seuwyo sasamarTlos ganviTarebas, gaxada igi ufro
Ria da gamWvirvale. aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia mauwyeblis muSaoba davukavSiroT saproceso samarTalsac.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavisi arsiT media, iseve rogorc sasamarTlo, mWidro kavSirSia adamianis ZirTiad
uflebebTan. faqtobrivad, orive saerTo mizans- adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebTa dacvas emsaxureba. media, erTi mxriv, warmoadgens am uflebaTa ganxorcielebis berkets, xolo meore mxriv, misi arseboba mTlianad aris damokidebuli uflebebiT sargeblobaze. faqtobrivad, adamianis uflebebi is qvakuTxedia, romlis
meSveobiTac funqcionirebs mTeli samauwyeblo sistema.
99
Tavis mxriv, sasamarTlos daniSnulebaa saxelmwifosa

da sazogadoebaSi iyos adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa, samarTlianobis, kanonierebis, demokratiisa da
samoqalaqo mSvidobis garanti. Sesabamisad, logikuria,
rom sasamarTlosa da medias Soris urTierTTanamSromloba momgebiania maTi miznebis misaRwevad.
amis miuxedavad, Seiqmna ramdenime mniSvnelovani
problema: msoflios TiTqmis yvela saxelmwifoSi media
iqca sasamarTloze zewolis berketad1 da gaxda saWiro
amis sapirwone meqanizmebis SemuSaveba; Jurnalistebi TavianTi gancxadebebiT aryevdnen sazogadoebis ndobas sasamarTlo sistemisadmi da arasworad aSuqebdnen iuridiul sakiTxebs, riTac arc Tu iSviaTad, SecdomaSi SehyavdaT mTeli mosaxleoba. es yovelive xSirad iwvevda
sasamarTlos mcdelobas moexdina mediisagan izolireba
da faqtobrivad wydeboda maT Soris TanamSromloba.
sasamarTlosa da mauwyebels Soris urTierTobis
dasaregulireblad Seiqmna specialuri normebi da mraval saxelmwifoSi gamoiyo JurnalistTa jgufebi,2
romlebic specializebulni arian iuridiul sakiTxTa
gaSuqebaze da floben saamisod saWiro codnas.
saqarTveloSi mediis mier iuridiuli sakiTxebis
gaSuqebas aregulirebs mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsi, ro1
Supreme Court Judge cites Nirbhaya case, says no to media trial; ix.
<http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/supreme-court-judge-cites-nirbhayacase-says-no-to-media-trial-1025620.html> [15.08.2015].
2
,
,
, , 1997 <http://www.guild.ru/info/23/deklaratsiya>
[27.07.2015].
100
melsac savaldebulo Zala ar aqvs, sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni, aseve
saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia. calkeuli
iuridiuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis standartebs vxvdebiT
saarCevno da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsebSi.
Tumca praqtikaSi, am regulaciebis darRveva iSviaTi
movlena araa.
rac Seexeba JurnalistTa specializebul jgufs,
aseTi saqarTveloSi gamoyofili ar aris da amis gamo
iSviaTi araa SemTxvevebi, rodesac mauwyebeli iuridiuli ganaTlebis naklebobis gamo Secdomebs uSvebs sakiTxTa gaSuqebasa da sasamarTlosTan urTierTobaSi.
winamdebare naSromSi mokled ganvixilavT zemoaRniSnul problemebs, SevexebiT mediis rols sazogadoebis informirebaSi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb; mauwyeblis sasamarTloze, konkretulad ki, mosamarTleebsa da nafic
msajulebze gavlenis sakiTxs; ganvixilavT aqvs Tu ara
medias udanaSaulobis prezumfciis dacvis valdebuleba
da imas, Tu rogor iqcevian Jurnalistebi sasamarTlo
sxdomis darbazSi.
1. mediis mniSvneloba sazogadoebis informirebaSi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb

media misTvis xelmisawvdomi saSualebebiT axorcielebs mimdinare movlenebis socialur kontrols, sasamarTlo kontrols. Sesabamisad, sainformacio saSualebebi SesaZlebelia iqces sasamarTlos mniSvnelovan mo101
kavSired, vinaidan sasamarTlosa da medias Soris bevri

saerToa: moqmedebis sajarooba, muSaobis gamWvirvaloba,
principebi, romlebiTac xelmZRvaneloben, sazogadoebis
mZafri interesi, romelic gamoixateba rogorc sasamarTlos, ise mediis mimarT. rac mTavaria, orives axasiaTebT sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze kontroli, uflebaTa
da TavisuflebaTa darRvevaze reagireba.3
media, pirdapir Tu iribad, mraval ZiriTad uflebasTan aris dakavSirebuli, Tumca, mocemuli Temidan
gamomdinare, informaciis Tavisufleba, samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba da sityvis Tavisufleba aris saintereso. pirvel rigSi, unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavisi saqmianobis farglebSi da sasamarTlos sajaroobis principebis Tanaxmad, mediasaSualebas aqvs ufleba gaaSuqos
sasamarTloSi mimdinare movlenebi da gaacnos isini mosaxleobas. es demokratiuli da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa. Tavis mxriv, sasamarTlosac evaleba xeli Seuwyos sazogadoebis informirebas sasamarTlo xelisuflebis saqmianobis da, zogadad, marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb, riTac unda moxdes sasamarTlos mimarT mosaxleobis ndobis, sasamarTlos
avtoritetis da samarTlebrivi kulturis amaRleba.
swored aseTi simbiozi uwyobs xels rogorc mediis,
ise sasamarTlosa da, zogadad, saxelmwifos ganviTarebas.
3
. ., , .
:
, , 2001; ix.
<http://www.law.edu.ru/doc/document.asp? docID=1126695> [30.08.2015].
102
amis miuxedavad, sainformacio saSualebebSi dominirebs sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mimarT uaryofiTi

damokidebuleba. Sedegad, sasamarTlo xelisufleba ver
axerxebs dadges saTanado simaRleze da moipovos mosaxleobis ndoba, rac aucilebelia misi swori da gamarTuli funqcionirebisTvis.
2. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba
cxadia, mediam sasamarTlos gamWvirvalobaze dadebiTi gavlena moaxdina da moaxerxa is, rom dauaxlova
sasamarTlo xelisufleba sazogadoebas. nel-nela izrdeba mosaxleobis samarTlebrivi cnobierebac. sasamarTlo aRar aris miuwvdomeli Zala, romlis saqmianobaSic Caxedva SeuZlebeli iyo da amaSi didi wvlili medias miuZRvis.
yovelive zemoxsenebulis miuxedavad, demokratiisa
da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principebi aseve moiTxoven, rom sasamarTlo iyos damoukidebeli yovelgvari
zegavlenisa da zewolisagan. misi damoukidebloba aris
kanonis uzenaesobis da samarTliani procesis fundamenuri garantiis winapiroba. sasamarTlos ekisreba moqalaqeebis sicocxlis, Tavisuflebebis, uflebebis, movaleobebisa da qonebis Sesaxeb saboloo gadawyvetilebis
miRebis valdebuleba.4 sasamarTlom mis winaSe wardgenili saqmeebi unda gadawyvitos miukerZoeblad, faqteb4
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis 1982 wlis ZiriTadi principebi sasamarTlos damoukideblobis Sesaxeb.
103
ze dayrdnobiT da kanonis Sesabamisad, nebismieri mxridan da nebismieri mizniT yovelgvari SezRudvis, Seusabamo zegavlenis, iZulebis, Zaladobis, daSinebis an pirdapiri an arapirdapiri Carevis gareSe.5 es debulebebi,
aseve, gadmotanilia qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi.
zemoxsenebuli principebidan, aseve gamomdinareobs
sasamarTlos damoukideblobis valdebuleba mediis zegavlenisagan. mauwyebeli, romelic aqtiurad Zerwavs
sazogadoebriv azrs da axdens informirebas, zogjer,
zRudavs sasamarTlos damoukideblobas da bRalavs mis
avtoritets Tavisi Warbi dainteresebiT. iSviaTi ar
aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTlo ganicdis presisa
da sazogadoebis zewolas, magram aman ar unda Searyios
sasamarTlos pozicia da asaxva ar unda hpovos mis gadawyvetilebaze.
saqarTvelos konstitucia, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi, zemoxsenebuli normebi, principebi da kidev
mravali sxva normatiuli aqti icavs sasamarTlos mis
saqmianobaSi mediis zedmeti Carevisagan, aseve, avaldebulebs ar aRmoCndes gareSe faqtorTa zegavlenis qveS.
3. media da mosamarTle
sakiTxavia axdens Tu ara media gavlenas mosamarTleze. Tu sakiTxs farTo gagebiT mivudgebiT, cxadia,
rom rogorc nebismieri adamiani, romelic dainterese5
gaeros 1985 wlis ZiriTadi principebi sasamarTlos damoukideblobis Sesaxeb, me-2 muxli.
104
bulia mimdinare movlenebiT, kiTxulobs gazeTs, uyurebs axal ambebs, usmens radios, is Riaa mediis gavlenisaTvis, iseve, rogorc nebismieri mosamarTle. Tumca,
arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom mosamarTle debs fics
da kargad iazrebs Tavis movaleobas iyos damoukidebeli da obieqturi saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis
miRebisas. misi movaleoba iyos damoukidebeli, aseve
vrceldeba mediis poziciisgan Tavisuflebaze. konkretuli viTarebis Jurnalistiseuli Sefaseba zogjer
arasworia im martivi mosazrebidan gamomdinare, rom is
ar icnobs kanonmdeblobas ise, rogorc mosamarTle da
xSir SemTxvevaSi Secdomas uSvebs samarTlebriv sakiTxebze Tavis komentarebSi.
Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom mosamarTle metwilad ar izRudeba mediis gavleniT, vinaidan kargad icnobs Tavis movaleobebs da iazrebs pasuxismgeblobas.
magram aris ki es damoukidebloba absoluturi?
inglisis saapelacio sasamarTlos yofili mosamarTle ser mark poteri acxadebs, rom iseve rogorc
nebismier adamians, gadawyvetilebis miRebisas mosamarTles uCndeba survili icodes rogor miiRebs mis gadawyvetilebas sazogadoeba da ra Sefaseba moyveba mas.6
is aseve wers, rom zogjer sazogadoebrivi azris gavlena mosamarTleze dadebiT Sedegebs iRebs, vinaidan
Sir Mark Potter, Do the Media Influence the Judiciary?, The Foundation
for Law, Justice and Society in affiliation with The Centre for Socio-Legal
Studies, University of Oxford, 2011, 3; ix. <http://www.fljs.org/sites/
www.fljs.org/files/publications/Potter_PB.pdf> [02.04.2015].
105
mosamarTlis saqmianoba, swored sajaro interesebs emsaxureba.

aqedan gamomdinare, iseT saqmeebSi, romelTa mimarTac arsebobs sazogadoebis maRali interesi, srulebiT
ar aris gamoricxuli mosamarTlem gaiTvaliswinos sazogadoebrivi da mediis azri.
Tumca, aris faqtebi, rodesac media cdilobs moaxdinos mosamarTleze garkveul zewola da amiT dabrkolebebs uqmnis marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTle
acxadebs, rom mas praqtikaSi hqonia SemTxveva, rodesac
mxare cdilobda gamoeyenebina media, rogorc zemoqmedebis berketi mosamarTleze da gavlena moexdina sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaze.
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom gamocdili mosamarTleebic ki ganicdian diskomforts, rodesac aRmoCndebian kameris obieqtivSi,7 uWirT saqmeze fokusireba, ganicdian stress da ver grZnoben Tavs Tavisuflad gadawyvetilebis miRebisa Tu gamocxadebis dros, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac gadawyvetilebas adgilze TaTbiriT iReben.
amasTan, Tu sakiTxs CavuRrmavdebiT, mivxvdebiT,
rom savsebiT SesaZlebelia, mediis zemoqmedeba mosamarTleze ar iyos aseTi pirdapiri. eWvgareSea, rom mauwyeblis mier gamoyenebuli saSualebebi Zalian efeqturad moqmedebs adamianis qvecnobierze. ufro metic, fsi7
Mason P., Court on Camera: Electronic Broadcast Coverage of the Legal

Proceedings, Southampton, England, 2015; ix., <http://usf.usfca.edu/pj//
camera-mason.htm> [25.04.2015].
106
qologebi amtkiceben, rom mauwyebels SeuZlia Secvalos adamianis azrovnebis stili, misi msoflmxedveloba da realobis aRqma.8 medias aqvs unari Camoayalibos
xalxis myari pozicia da ideologia calkeuli sakiTxebis mimarT da is imdenad Rrmad jdeba adamianis cnobierebaSi, rom SesaZlebelia, es ukanaskneli verc ki
iazrebdes amas. rac mTavaria, mauwyebels SeuZlia Seqmnas aJiotaJi sazogadoebaSi da moaxdinos sakiTxis gamwvaveba. mosamarTlec, rogorc sazogadoebis nawili, SesaZlebelia moxvdes am saerTo ganwyobis gavlenis qveS.
amis mravali magaliTi axsovs msoflio sasamarTlo
praqtikas, rac damaxasiaTebelia nebismieri saxelmwifosTvis da ar warmoadgens Seuswavlel statistikas.
Catarebuli kvlevebi adastureben, rom yvelaze metad
mediis zegavlenas, pirdapir Tu iribad, ganicdis samoqalaqo procesi, Tumca arc sisxlis da administraciul procesebze gavlenaa gamonaklisi. yovelive es, samwuxarod, zogjer aisaxeba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaze.9
sabolood ki, unda aRiniSnos, rom mosamarTles,
iseve rogorc yvela moqalaqes, aqvs azris gamoxatvis
da rwmenis Tavisufleba. magram am uflebebis ganxorcielebisas is yovelTvis unda cdilobdes SeinarCunos
8
Luskin B., Brain, Behavior, and Media, The Media Psychology Effect,
2012 ix., <https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-media-psychologyeffect/201203/brain-behavior-and-media> [10.05.2015].
9
Claire S. H. Lim, Media Influence on Courts: Evidence from Civil Case
Adjudication, Kessler and McClellan (1996); <https://lim.economics.
cornell.edu/civilpaper.pdf> [10.04.2015];
<https://jillianmastroianni.wordpress.com/2012/04/22/how-social-mediaaffects-court-cases/> [10.04.2015].
107
mosamarTlis profesiuli Rirseba, sasamarTlos miukerZoebloba da damoukidebloba.
4. zegavlena nafic msajulebze

problemuria, aseve, mediis gavlenis sakiTxi nafic
msajulebze. es ukanasknelni ar floben iuridiul ganaTlebas. isini gadawyvetilebas unda iRebdnen saqmesTan dakavSirebiT winaswar Camoyalibebuli azris gareSe, sakuTari sindisis karnaxiT, im mtkicebulebebze
dayrdnobiT, romlebsac mxareebi warmoadgenen sasamarTlo sxdomaze.10 aqedan gamomdinare, nafici msajulebi
winaswar ar unda flobdnen informacias im saqmesTan
dakavSirebiT, romlis ganxilvaSic momavalSi miiReben
monawileobas. Tumca, Cvens realobaSi es iqca formalobad, ramdenadac masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebis Janrobrivi da raodenobrivi mravalferovnebis gamo
medias aqvs saSualeba gaaSuqos saqme warmoebis nebismier stadiaze, rac, erTi mxriv, xels uwyobs samarTliani sasamarTlos principis gaZlierebas, xolo meore
mxriv, seriozul problemebs uqmnis nafic msajulTa
mier obieqturi da moukerZoebeli verdiqtis gamotanas.
imis miuxedavad, rom nafic msajulTa SerCeva gulmodgined da rTuli proceduris dacviT xdeba, iuridiuli
ganaTlebis arqonis gamo msajulebi mosamarTleze gacilebiT ufro metad eqcevian mediis da sazogadoebrivi
10
nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi, g.naWyebias redaqtorobiT, Tbilisi, 2013.35.

108
azris zemoqmedebis qveS. yvelaferTan erTad, SeuZlebelia am gavlenisgan msajulTa absoluturi dacva, gansakuTrebiT im pirobebSi, rodesac ar xdeba maTi sruli
izolireba potenciuri gavlenis wyaroebisgan. nafic
msajulTa SerCevis procesi aris xangrZlivi da dakavSirebulia mraval procedurasTan, romlebic SesaZloa
droSi gaiwelos ramdenime TviTac ki.11 ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ver moxerxdes saWiro raodenobiT msajulTa SerCeva erT SesarCev sxdomaze da, swored aq
vawydebiT problemas. dRes saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs
dawesebuleba, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneboda izolireba
SesaZlo zemoqmedebisagan. nafici msajulebi, romlebic
ukve informirebulni arian, rom konkretuli saqmis
ganxilvaSi unda miiRon monawileoba, brundebian saxlebSi da maTi kontaqti gareSe pirebTan ar aris SezRuduli. marTalia, SesarCev sxdomaze mosamarTle afrTxilebs msajuls, rom mas ar SeuZlia gaavrcelos
saqmesTan dakavSirebuli informacia da Tavi unda Seikaos mocemul saqmesTan dakavSirebuli informaciis mopovebisagan, realurad, amis kontroli SeuZlebelia. Tu
msajulebze ar dawesdeba 24-saaTiani meTvalyureoba,
veravin gaigebs adevnebs Tu ara is Tvals sainformacio
saSualebebs, saubrobs Tu ara is nacnobebTan an sxva
pirebTan konkretul saqmeze da a.S. amasTan cxadia, rom
aseTi kontrolis daweseba adamianis uflebaTa calsaxa
darRvevaa.
aseve problemuria msajulTa calke sacxovrebel
SenobaSi an sxvagan gadayvanis sakiTxi, vinaidan im piro11
iqve, 47.
109
bebSi, rodesac nafic msajulTa kolegiis dakompleqteba SesaZlebelia gaiwelos TveobiT, adamianis mowyveta
misi ojaxisa da samuSao garemosagan iqneboda misi da
misi axloblebis konstituciuri uflebebis darRveva.
magram ukontrolo viTarebaSi msajuls SeuZlia, magaliTad, moisminos sainformacio saSualebebSi mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic sasamarTlom dauSveblad
cno da, gacnobierebulad Tu gaucnobiereblad, gadawyvetileba miiRos am mtkicebulebaze dayrdnobiT. arc
isaa gamoricxuli, msajuli moeqces sazogadoebrivi
mRelvarebis zegavlenis qveS, ris Seqmnis SesaZleblobac medias, eWvgareSea, gaaCnia.
yvelaferTan erTad, mTel msoflioSi mravladaa
mediis mier saqmis zedmetad aqtiuri gaSuqebis gamo sasamarTlo sxdomis CaSlis12 an msajulTa mier araswori verdiqtis gamotanis praqtika.
nafic msajulTa verdiqtze mediis zegavlenis
TvalsaCino magaliTia o. jei. simpsonis saqme,13 rodesac
cnobil amerikel fexburTels brali edeboda yofili
colisa da misi sayvarlis mkvlelobaSi. saqmes aqtiurad aSuqebdnen iseTi cnobili telearxebi, rogoricaa
CNN, BBC, CBN da mravali sxva. saintereso isaa, rom
am saqmem mTeli qveyana 2 nawilad gayo: adamianebad,
romlebic miiCnebdnen simpsons damnaSaved da maT, vinc
12
iqve, 41.
BBC - OJ Simpson the Untold Story; .,
<https://www.
youtube.com/watch?v=QG5CPhGoT3M> [18.04.2015]. CBS- news;
ix., <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-o-j-simpson-murder-trial-20-yearslater/> [18.04.2015].
110
13
iTxovda mis gamarTlebas. daiwyo masobrivi gamosvlebi

da gaimarTa demonstraciebi. amas mediam Zalian Seuwyo
xeli, vinaidan, gamudmebiT aSuqebda saqmis detalebs da
xSirad sakmaod subieqturic iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom simpsonis mxardamWerTa umravlesoba iyo afro-amerikeli,
xolo Jiuris umravlesoba, swored Savkaniani adamianebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli. amasTan, msajulebs kolegiis
dakompleqtebamde mediis meSveobiT ukve gaaCndaT sakmaod vrceli informacia saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT. arsebobda eWvi, rom ramdenime maTgani iyo simpaTiiT ganwyobili braldebulis mimarT. mravali iuristi Semdgom acxadebda, rom swored mauwyeblis mier
Seqmnili aJiotaJi da mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis
emociebiT manipulireba gaxda simpsonis saocari gamarTlebis safuZveli. cxadi gaxda, rom gareSe faqtorTa zegavlenisagan msajulTa dacva ver moxerxda.
yovelive amis Tavidan asacileblad sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi SeimuSaves gansxvavebuli meqanizmebi mediis
mier saqmis gaSuqebisa da sasamarTlosTan urTierTobis
mosawesrigeblad. inglisSi 1981 wlis kanoniT sasamarTlos upativiscemlobis Sesaxeb media iZulebuli gaxda seriozulad daewyo kontroli imaze, rom mis mier
gasavrcelebl informacias ar moexdina gavlena nafic
msajulTa verdiqtze.14 amis sapirispirod, rogorc zemoTac Cans, SeerTebul StatebSi analogiuri SezRudvebi ar moqmedebs da medias gacilebiT ufro meti Tavisufleba aqvs informaciis gavrcelebisas. kanadaSi ki,
saqmeebi ganixileba Ria sxdomaze, im gamonaklisebis
14
nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 2013, 68; 41.

111
garda, rodesac sxdomis daxurva aris saWiro sazogadoebrivi interesisa da moralidan gamomdinare.15
5. media sasamarTlo darbazSi

mediasa da sasamarTlos Soris urTierTobis procesSi warmoiSoba kidev erTi problema. saqarTveloSi
vxvdebiT SemTxvevebs, rodesac Jurnalistebi sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi gadaRebisas xmauroben, gadaadgildebian, an iwveven xmaurs darbazis gareT, iyeneben
Seusabamod mkafio sinaTles da axorcieleben sxva qmedebebs, romlebic aferxeben sasamarTlo ganxilvis
msvlelobas. pirvel rigSi, es yvelaferi iwvevs procesis monawileTa yuradRebis gafantvas. mtkiceba ar
sWirdeba imas, rom mosamarTlis an nafic msajulTa yuradRebis gafantvam, Tundac ramdenime wamiT, SesaZloa
mZime Sedegi gamoiRos araswori gadawyvetilebis saxiT.
Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavsi SemTxvevebis
raodenobam ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad iklo.
meore mxriv, sasamarTlosa da medias Soris komunikaciis problemaze metyvelebs is garemoeba, rom mauwyebels xSirad ar eZleva Sesaferisi ganmartebebi ama
Tu im moqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT. aseT viTarebaSi Jurnalistebi sakuTari interpretaciiT aSuqeben movlenebs, rasac mivyavarT sazogadoebis dezorientaciamde
da sasamarTlos avtoritetis Selaxvamde.
15
kanadis ssk, 486.

112
6. media da udanaSaulobis prezumfcia

masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebi pasuxismgebelni arian maT mier miwodebuli informaciis saimedobasa da koreqtulobaze. sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdeblobam Seqmna mravali samoqalaqo da sisxlissamarTlebrivi instituti, romelic uzrunvelyofs mediasaSualebis pasuxismgeblobas saqmiani reputaciis, Rirsebis Selaxvisa da ciliswamebisTvis. es gamowveulia imiT, rom
mauwyeblis mier gavrcelebulma informaciam SesaZlebelia seriozulad daarRvios adamianis zogierTi ufleba. aseTebia: piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba, Rirseba,
pativi, samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba da mravali
sxva.
am CamonaTvals unda davumatoT konstituciiT,
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT da sxva aqtebiT daculi udanaSaulobis prezumfcia. am principis
Tanaxmad, romelic uSualod gamomdinareobs konstituciis me-40 muxlidan, adamiani udanaSaulod iTvleba manam, sanam misi damnaSaveoba ar damtkicdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyunebeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT. manamde saxelmwifo
organoebma unda Seikavon Tavi iseTi gancxadebebisagan,
romlebic qmnian STabeWdilebas, TiTqos piris braleuloba ukve dadgenilia.16 ar unda daviviwyoT, rom sasa16
TumaniSvili g., sisxlis samarTlis procesi zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tbilisi, 2014, 80.
113
marTlom braldebuli SeiZleba gaamarTlos kidec. amitom sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis romelime wina stadiaze dauSvebelia braldebulis miCneva da moxsenieba damnaSaved, vinaidan saxelmwifo (kanoni) mas udanaSaulod
miiCnevs,17 xolo konkretul pirs sisxlis samarTlis
sasjeli SeiZleba daedos mxolod udanaSaulobis prezumfciis principis moqmedebis Sewyvetis Semdeg, anu
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeniT misi damnaSaved cnobis momentidan.18
bolo dros gaxSirda ganacxadebi imis Taobaze,
rom mauwyeblis moqmedebebi aSkara dartymas ayenebs
udanaSaulobis prezumfcias. amis magaliTia e.w. abulaZis saqme, rodesac konkretul pirs brali edeboda
policiis TanamSromlis mkvlelobaSi. mediam yovelgvari gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gareSe,
jer kidev dakavebamde, Seracxa es adamiani damnaSaved
da mkvlelad.
aSkara iyo, rom am saqmeSi mediam moaxdina sakiTxis dramatizeba da personalizacia movlenaTa safuZvliani gamoZiebis gareSe. aseve vrceldeboda gancxadebebi, rom zogi mauwyebeli avrcelebda mxolod erTi
mxaris pozicias da mxolod im faqtebs, romlebic ganamtkicebda am xedvas. amasTan, aqcenti ar keTdeboda
danaSaulis savaraudo Camdenis motivze, moxda misi piradi cxovrebisa da warsulis gasajaroeba iseTi ra17
kaxniaSvili a., udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sesaxeb cnobebis gavrceleba, Jurnali adamiani da
konstitucia, N#2, 1999, 22.
18
iqve, 22; ix. citireba: . .
, , 1981, 43.
114
kursiT, romelmac moaxdina misi kriminalizacia sazogadoebis TvalSi.

danaSaulisa da antisocialuri qmedebis gaSuqebisas, mauwyebelma unda daicvas balansi, erTi mxriv, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebasa, xolo meore mxriv, udanaSaulobis prezumfciasa da braldebulis, msjavrdebulis,
mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas Soris.
am TvalsazrisiT, Zalian mniSvnelovania is faqti,
rom mosamarTles, romlis ganxilvaSic aRmoCndeboda
sabolood saqme, rogorc sazogadoebis nawils, winaswar Seeqmna garkveuli warmodgena damnaSavis pirovnebasa da saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT. es ewinaaRmdegeba sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiTobis princips. msgavs situaciebSi rTuldeba mosamarTlis damoukideblobis, miukerZoeblobis, obieqturobisa da neitralurobis mtkiceba. amave principebidan gamomdinare
dauSvebelia sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze gavlena moaxdinos rame gareSe faqtorma. mosamarTles (an nafic
msajuls) ar unda qondes Camoyalibebuli winaswari
pozicia braldebulis damnaSaveobasTan an udanaSaulobasTan dakavSirebiT. man obieqturad unda Seafasos saqmeSi mxareTa mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi da es
yvelaferi gaakeTos, rogorc neitralurma damkvirvebelma.
gamodis, rom mediis mier piris moxseniebas iseTi
formiT TiTqos misi braleuloba ukve dadgenilia, mivyavarT imave Sedegamde rac udanaSaulobis prezumfciis
darRvevas saxelmwifo organos mier _ samarTliani sa115
samarTlos uflebis darRvevamde. Sesabamisad, imis miuxedavad, rom udanaSaulobis prezumfciis dacvis valdebulebas dRevandeli kanonmdebloba mxolod saxelmwifo organoebs akisrebs, media saSualebebsac gaaCniaT
eTikuri valdebuleba ar moixsenion braldebuli iseTi
formiT, TiTqos misi braleuloba dadgenilia sasamarTlo gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanamde. es movaleoba
pirdapir aris miTiTebuli Jurnalisturi eTikis normebSi da imis miuxedavad ras vuwodebT am movaleobas,
udanaSaulobis prezumfcias Tu nebismier sxva saxels,
faqtia, is arsebobs da unda Sesruldes.
daskvna
sabolood SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom problemebi
mediasa da sasamarTlos urTierTobebSi aris ormxrivi.
media arasworad aSuqebs iuridiul sakiTxebs da zogjer arakoreqtulia sasamarTlos mimarT. amis sapirispirod, sasamarTlo zogjer cdilobs maqsimalurad daicvas Tavi mediisagan da erideba komentaris gakeTebas.
ra Tqma unda, yvela am sakiTxis mogvareba erTbaSad SeuZlebelia da mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad saWiroa
sistematuri muSaoba da TanamSromloba mediasa da sasamarTloebs Soris.
am problemebis mogvarebis yvelaze efeqtur gzad
miiCneva JurnalistTa jgufis gamoyofa, romelic specializebuli iqneba iuridiuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebaze.
amasTan, saWiroa am jgufis kvalifikaciis amaRlebaze
116
aqtiuri muSaoba. pirvel rigSi, unda moxdes maTTvis

seminarebisa da treningebis Catareba samarTlebriv Temebze, raTa masmediis warmomadgenlebma SeZlon gaiazron fundamenturi iuridiuli terminebis mniSvneloba
da adekvaturad Seafason sasamarTlos moqmedebebi, Tundac spikeri mosamarTleebis ganmartebebis safuZvelze.
Jurnalistebis iuridiuli ganaTlebis gziT SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda mTlianad sazogadoebaSi samarTlebrivi
kulturis garkveulwilad amaRleba. im sazogadoebaSi
ki sadac xalxi samarTlebrivad metnaklebad gaTviTcnobierebulia, sasamarTlo sistemis ganviTarebac ufro martivi da organulia. metia sasamarTlos mimarT
ndobac.
meore mxriv, saWiroa sasamarTlom Camoayalibos
ufro mkafio politika masobriv sainformacio saSualebebTan urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT. mosamarTlis
swavlebis periodSi ukeTesi iqneboda ezrunaT imazec,
rom mas SeeZlos daubrkoleblad
muSaoba masobrivi
komunikaciis saSualebebTan.
rac Seexeba mediis urTierTobas nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlosTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom es saqarTvelosTvis
axali institutia da mis srulyofilad Camoyalibebamde da mowesrigebamde saWiroa msajulTa dacva mediis
gavlenisagan. Tu ar gavrceldeba arasaTanado da dauzustebeli informacia, arc nafici msajuli Seva SecdomaSi, xolo informaciis obieqturi miwodebisas, rac
amosavali wertilia unda iyos masmediis nebismieri saSualebisaTvis, msajuli daculi iqneba araswori sazogadoebrivi azris zewolisagan.
117
aucilebelia sainformacio saSualebebsa da sasamarTlos Soris damyarebul ndobaze, pativiscemasa da

TanamSromlobaze agebuli urTierToba. aseT pirobebSi
sasamarTlosa da mediis muSaoba iqneba maqsimalurad
efeqturi. amaRldeba maTi avtoriteti sazogadoebis
TvalSi da rac mTavaria, SesaZlebeli iqneba im mniSvnelovani miznebis miRweva, romlebsac emsaxureba erTic
da meorec.
118
Mariam Turkishvili Student (B.Sc) at Tbilisi State

University, Faculty of Law (4th year)
MEDIAS INFLUENCE ON JUSTICE
Media plays an important role in the defense and
enforcement of Human Rights and this role is increasing each
and every year. Most certainly, the fourth power affects the
work of justice enforcement bodies. Therefore, the work of
journalists clearly is connected with procedural law. In this
sense, media can even play the role of a mediator between
actions of the court and their perception by the society, which
is only natural considering the recourses at disposal of mass
media. We live in an era of informational technology, where
information on almost anything is available on TV, radio,
internet etc. Accordingly, the subject of this work is how media
can influence judicial bodies:
How media informs the society concerning court work;
How media affects the courts independence;
The relationship between judges and journalists;
Medias influence on jurors;
Presumption of innocence;
The behavior of media in the courtroom.
The objective of this work is to show how important it is to
provide sufficient media coverage of legal matters in order to
increase legal awareness and consciousness of the society in general.
119
Tamar kareliZe
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis mecnierebisa
da xelovnebis fakultetis magistraturis II
kursis studenti
TviTregulirebis organoebi regionul
mauwyeblebSi
Sesavali
mauwyeblebSi TviTregulirebis organoTa muSaobis
Sesaxeb Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi maT arsebobas ufro metad formaluri xasiaTi
aqvs, vidre qmediTi. TiTqmis msgavsi Sedegi iqna miRebuli rogorc erovnuli, aseve regionuli mauwyeblebis
kvlevisas. qvemoT warmodgenili kvleva regionul mauwyeblebs exeba, romelze muSaobis procesSic, mauwyeblebis xelmZRvanelebTan Catarebuli interviuebisas, gamoikveTa is saWiroebebi, romlebic, efeqtiani da qmediTi
TviTregulirebis organos Sesaqmnelad, televiziebs
sWirdebaT.
erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac regionuli mauwyeblis TviTregulirebis organom saCivari ganixila da
rezonansuli gaxda, 2012 wels, zviad qoriZis mier,
telekompania obieqtivis winaaRmdeg Setanili sarCeli iyo, romlis retranslirebasac aWaraSi, 25-e arxi
awarmoebda.
120
saqme exeboda obieqtivis gadacemis, Ramis studiis 19 martis gamoSvebas, romlis wamyvani iyo irma
inaSvili, stumari ki - soso manjaviZe. gadacema baTumSi azizies meCeTis mSeneblobas exeboda. amave Temaze,
baTumis preskafeSi gamarTul diskusiazec isaubres.
zviad qoriZe saCivarSi aRniSnavda, rom gadacemis wamyvanma da stumarma konteqstis darRveviT moaxdines misi mosazrebebis citireba da arasworad interpretireba, rasac Semdgom Seuracxmyofeli gancxadebebi mohyva.
qoriZe moiTxovda, rom 25-e arxs gaeSva sakuTar eTerSi gancxadeba uaryofis Sesaxeb. qoriZe aseve miiCnevda,
rom obieqtivis eTeriT dairRva mauwyebelTa qcevis
kodeqsis me-17 muxli. TviTregulirebis sabWom miiCnia,
rom darRvevas marTlac hqonda adgili da qoriZis saCivari dakmayofilda. maia merkvilaZe ambobs, rom miRebulma gadawyvetilebam sazogadoebaSi arxisadmi ndoba
ramdenadme gazarda.
mauwyeblebis xelmZRvanelTa did nawils ar daumalavs, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi TviTregulirebisadmi mimarTva moqalaqeTa mxridan formalur xasiaTs atarebs
da umetesad, sabWos mier sakiTxis ganxilvis procesSive xdeba momCivanis darwmuneba sarCelis usafuZvlobaSi.
gamokiTxvis farglebSi, regionuli mauwyeblebis
warmomadgenlebi aRniSnavdnen, rom maT sWirdebaT daxmareba kompetenturi pirebisa Tu organizaciebis mxridan,
raTa TviTregulirebis meqanizmi ufro efeqtiani da
qmediTi gaxadon. isini mzad arian iTanamSromlon im
121
saxis proeqtebTan, romlebic maT TviTregulirebis meqanizmebis gaZlierebaSi daexmarebaT.
1. regulaciebisa da mignebebis mimoxilva

kvlevis obieqtebi - regionuli mauwyeblebi: 25-e
arxi, mecxre talRa, odiSi, guria, rioni,
imervizia, dia, qvemo qarTlis televizia, TrialeTi, borjomi, imperia, marneulis televizia,
gurjaani, Tanamgzavri.
kvlevis mizani - SeviswavloT, muSaobs Tu ara mauwyebelTa Sesaxeb kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli TviTregulirebis sistemebi regionul televiziebSi da uzrunvelhyofs Tu ara kanoni maT efeqtian muSaobas.
kanonmdeblobis mimoxilva - mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonis 50-e muxlis Sesabamisad,1 saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnulma komisiam SeimuSava
`mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi~.2 amave kanonis me-14-e
muxliT, mauwyeblebze momxmarebelTa saCivrebis efeqtiani ganxilvis meqanizmTa Seqmnis valdebuleba vrceldeba. amasTan, mauwyebelTa Sesaxeb kanonis 52-e muxli,
mauwyeblebs jerovan sizustes, Sesworebasa da uaryofas avaldebulebs. aRniSnuli gawerilia qcevis kodeqsSic.
ix. <http://www.gncc.ge/files/7110_9041_260414> [20.08.2015].

<http://www.gncc.ge/files/7060_7177_303673_Code%20of%
20Conduct.pdf> [20.08.2015].
122
2
regulaciebis mimoxilva - mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi 2009 wels iqna miRebuli. mis meore TavSi gawerilia is regulaciebi, romlebiTac TviTregulirebis
organoebi unda moqmedebdes. aRsaniSnavia, rom kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli TviTregulirebis meqanizmebis Seqmna,
sazogadoebriv mauwyebelsa da kerZo saerTo mauwyeblobis licenziis mqone televiziebs (erovnul mauwyeblebs), eqvsi Tvis vadaSi daevalaT. regionul mauwyeblebs ki valdebulebis Sesrulebis erTwliani vada miecaT.
TviTregulirebisa da angariSvaldebulebis Tavis
mixedviT, daintersebul pirs aqvs ufleba, eTerSi gasul masalaze pretenziis qonis SemTxvevaSi, 10 dRis
manZilze mauwyebels mosTxovos mcdari faqtis Sesabamisi formiTa da SinaarsiT Sesworeba an uaryofa. ganacxadSi aRniSnuli unda iyos masalis eTerSi gaSvebis
TariRi, programis dasaxeleba da mauwyebelTa qcevis
kodeqsis is muxlebi, romelTa darRvevaSic mauwyebels
momCivani edaveba.
mauwyebelSi Sesuli saCivrebis ganxilvis valdebuleba TviTregulirebis meqanizms aqvs (misi Seqmnis valdebuleba televiziebs kanoni mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb da
mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi avaldebulebs), romelmac
saCivrebze gamWvirvale, drouli da dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba unda gamoitanos.
niSandoblivia faqti, rom mauwyebelTa TviTregulirebis organosaTvis mimarTva mxolod dainteresebul pirebs SeuZliaT. kanonmdebloba ki am definiciaSi
mxolod im subieqts an subieqtTa jgufs moiazrebs,
123
romlebsac eTerSi gasuli masala pirdapir an iribad

Seexo. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom TviTregulirebis organoSi miRebuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod amave mauwyebelSi Seqmnil saapelacio organoSi.
saboloo gadawyvetileba ar saCivrdeba komunikaciebis
erovnul komisiasa Tu sasamarTloSi.
kanonmdeblobiT gawerili proceduris Tanaxmad,
Semosuli saCivris ganxilvis valdebuleba mauwyeblebs
21 dRis vadaSi aqvT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isini valdebulebi arian daasabuTon gadawyvetileba ganxilvis
vadis gazrdis Taobaze da yvela dainteresebul pirsac
acnobon. TviTregulirebis farglebSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufleba momCivans, amave mauwyeblis mier Seqmnil saapelacio organoSi Svidi dRis manZilze SeuZlia.
mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi gansazRvravs im kriteriumebsac, Tu vin SeiZleba iyos TviTregulirebisa
da saapelacio organos wevri. ar SeiZleba sabWoSi Sevides sajaro moxele an politikuri partiis wevri.
TviTregulirebis organo dakompleqtebuli unda iyos
miukerZoebeli da kompetenturi adamianebiT. interesTa
konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, saCivris ganxilvis dros, dainteresebul pirs aqvs ufleba, komisiis ama Tu im
wevrs acileba misces. wevris acilebis SemTxvevaSi, gadawyvetileba xmaTa umravlesobiT miiReba. xmaTa gayofis SemTxvevaSi, gadamwyvetia Tavmjdomaris xma. gadawyvetileba 30 dRis ganmavlobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sabWos dasabuTebis valdebuleba aqvs.
124
saCivrebis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi TviTregulirebisa da saapelacio organoebis komisiebma unda uzrunvelhyon yvela dainteresebuli piris daswreba. saCivrebTan dakavSirebiT, miRebuli gadawyvetileba unda
iyos werilobiTi da dasabuTebuli.
TviTregulirebasTan erTad, mauwyebelTa qcevis
kodeqsi angariSvaldebulebis nawilsac moicavs. mauwyeblebi valdebulebi arian, weliwadSi erTxel Caataron TviTregulirebis sistemis auditi da erovnul komisias yovelwliurad warudginon is. saangariSo periodi 1 maisiT aris gansazRvruli. angariSSi Tavmoyrilia
informacia TviTregulirebis meqanizmSi Sesuli saCivrebis, gancxadebebisa da miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis
Sesaxeb.
kanonmdebloba mauwyeblebs avaldebulebs, saCivarTa ganxilvis procesi gamWvirvaled warmarTon, Tumca
is ar Seicavs konkretul punqtebs, romelic valdebulebas uzrunvelyofs. aqedan gamomdinare, mauwyeblebi
wlis ganmavlobaSi Sesul saCivrebs, TviTregulirebisa
da saapelacio organos wevrTa vinaobas, miRebul gadawyvetilebas da a.S. mxolod komunikaciebis erovnul
komisias warudgenen. kanoni mauwyeblebs arc TviTregulirebis Sesaxeb informaciis sakuTar vebgverdze gamoqveynebas avaldebulebs.
125
2. kvlevis meTodologia
meTodologia - kvleva Catarda kodeqsiT gansazRvruli regulaciebiT - aris Tu ara gamWvirvale gasaCivrebis procedura (mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi, muxli 7). gamoyenebul iqna ori meTodi:
a. meoradi analizi - es moicavs maregulirebelSi
regionuli mauwyeblebis mier wardgenili dokumentaciisa da veb-gverdebis Seswavlas (aris Tu ara
TviTregulirebis organos Sesaxeb informacia saitebze gamoqveynebuli);
b. Tvisobrivi meTodi - detaluri informaciis misaRebad Catarebul iqna pirispir interviuebi mauwyeblebis xelmZRvanel pirebTan.
regionul mauwyeblebSi TviTregulirebis organoTa muSaobis Taobaze kvleva ar Catarebula. 2014 wels,
MDFis mkvlevarma, Jurnalistma gela boCikaSvilma
analogiur Temaze nacionalur mauwyeblebSi arsebuli
mdgomareoba Seiswavla.3 erovnul mauwyeblebSi aRmoCenili mignebebi _ saCivrebis mcire raodenoba, mayurebelTa arainformirebuloba da TviTregulirebis organos formaluri saxe saerToa regionuli mauwyeblebisTvisac. erovnulisagan gansxvavebiT, arasamTavrobo or3
boCikaSvili g., mauwyeblobis TviTregulireba, kanonmdebloba da
praqtika,
<http://eurocommunicator.ge/mdf/uploads//mautskeblistvitregulireba-kanini-praqtika.pdf> [20.08.2015].
126
ganizaciaTa mimarTva regionuli mauwyeblebis TviTregulirebis sabWoebisadmi mcirea. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom
JurnalistebTan dadebuli xelSekrulebebi regionuli
televiziebis umetesobaSi, mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqssa
da Sinaganawess moicavs. es ukanaskneli kodeqsis dacvasac gulisxmobs (msgavsi SemTxveva erovnul mauwyeblebSi ar fiqsirdeba).
regionuli mauwyeblebidan kvlevisaTvis SerCeul
iqna is telekompaniebi, romlebic meti aqtiurobiT gamoirCevian - aqvT sainformacio gamoSvebebi da sakuTari
gadacemebi. kvlevis monawile 14 telekompaniidan, TiTqmis, yvela direqtorma amomwuravad upasuxa kiTxvebs.
TviTregulirebis organoSi Sesuli saCivrebis tendenciis gasarkvevad, komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiidan gamoTxovil iqna informacia 2012 da 2013 wlebis Sesaxeb.
3. kvlevis Sedegebi
saCivrebis mcire raodenoba - komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiidan gamoTxovili informaciis Tanaxmad,
rogorc aRmoCnda, 2012 wlis manZilze, regionul mauwyeblebSi jamSi sul 9 saCivari iyo Sesuli (erTi
25-e arxSi, xuTi imerviziaSi, sami imperiaSi). ganxiluli saqmeebidan umetesoba teqnikuri xasiaTis iyo.
momCivanis sasargeblod telekompania 25-e arxis
TviTregulirebis organoSi ganxiluli saqme gadawyda.
danarCen SemTxvevebSi davis mxaris darwmuneba sarCelis
usafuZvlobaSi, misi ganxilvis procesSi moxerxda.
127
2013 wels ki mxolod imperiaSi Sevida 2 saCivari,

romelTagan erTi sabWom daakmayofila da modave mxares
gamoeyo saeTero dro ganmartebebis gasakeTeblad, meore
SemTxvevaSi ki, saCivris ganxilvis procesSi moxerxda
modave mxaris darwmuneba sarCelis usafuZvlobaSi.
informaciis nakleboba _
arsebobs informaciis
gavrcelebis problema. mauwyeblebi ar cdiloben mosaxleobas Seatyobinon TviTregulirebis, misi meqanizmebisa da uflebebis Sesaxeb. kvlevis Sedegad gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, dabali mimarTvianoba imis
bralicaa, rom mosaxleoba mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqssac ar icnobs. baTumis 25-e arxi erTaderTia regionul mauwyebelTagan, romelsac saitze TviTregulirebis organos Sesaxeb aqvs informacia, Tumca isic arasrulia da mxolod ganxiluli saqmiT Semoifargleba;
mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi SinaganawesSi _ mauwyeblebis umetesoba xelekrulebaSi Jurnalists mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis dacvas avaldebulebs, xolo nawili xelSekrulebaSi mxolod Sinaganawess debs, Tavad
Sinaganawesi moicavs mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis dacvasac (es komponenti gamokiTxuli 14 mauwyeblidan sams
aqvs (borjomi, imervizia, marneuli;
rekomendaciebi arasamTavrobo seqtoridan - mauwyeblebma ar ician, ra meqanizmiT unda gaxadon popularuli da qmediTi TviTregulirebis organo. maTi nawili miiCnevs, rom daxmareba am sakiTxSi, komunikaciebis
komisiam da arasamTavrobo seqtorma unda gauwios.
alternatiuli xerxi - regionul televiziebSi
arsebobs mayurebelTan kontaqtis alternatiuli xerxi.
128
rogorc kvlevisas Catarebulma interviuebma aCvena, mayurebelTa umetesoba amjobinebs satelefono zariTa da
feisbuqis saSualebiT ikontaqtos televiziasTan. interaqcia sakmaod intensiuri da efeqtiania;
informaciis gavrcelebis intensivobis nakleboba
damalva - mauwyebelTa nawili ar akeTebs TviTregulirebis sabWos popularizacias imitom, rom naklebi saCivari mauwyeblis imijisaTvis ukeTesia. amis meore mizezi aseve komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiisaTvis kanonis
aRsrulebis meqanizmis ararsebobaa.
daskvna da rekomendaciebi
kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom regionul mauwyeblebSi TviTregulirebis meqanizmis sakiTxi ar aris
prioritetuli. kanonSi gawerilia mauwyeblebis mier am
organos Seqmnis valdebuleba, Tumca misi efeqtiani muSaobis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi dokumentebi arafers ambobs. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saCivrebis didi raodenoba telekompaniebis interesebSi ar Sedis, vinaidan
fiqroben, rom es maT imijze cudad aisaxeba. amis paralelurad, arsebuli saqmeebi cxadhyofs, Tu rogori
roli iTamaSa mauwyeblisadmi sazogadoebrivi ndobis
amaRlebaSi TviTregulirebis meqanizmis mier ganxilulma saqmeebma.
imisaTvis, rom moxdes TviTregulirebis organoTa
efeqtiani muSaoba mauwyeblebSi, amisaTvis rekomendaciis saxiT saWiroa Semdegi aqtivobebi:
129
ganixilos regionul mauwyeblebSi TviTregulirebis sistemis alternativis qmediToba da moxdes misi

integracia TviTregulirebis organosTan, rac niSnavs
saCivrebisa da ukmayofilo mayureblebis pretenziebis
moqcevas kodeqsiT gansazRvrul CarCoebSi;
kvlevis periodSi obieqtTa Soris mxolod erTi,
baTumis 25-e arxi iyo, romelsac TviTregulirebis
organos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba vebgverdze aqvs
ganTavsebuli. sasurveli iqneba, Tu sxva telekompaniebic, aRniSnulis Sesaxeb, ganaTavseben informacias sakuTar veb-gverdebze;
moxdes TviTregulirebis sabWoTa formaluridan
realurad moqmed organoebad Camoyalibeba, rac xels
Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi mediagaremos ganviTarebas da
mayurebelsa da mauwyeblebs Soris met integracias;
moxdes socialuri rgolebis an klipebis damzadeba, romlebic regionuli mauwyeblebis eTerSi itrialebs da TviTregulirebis organos Sesaxeb mosaxleobas
informacias intensiurad miawvdis (amis mzaoba Tvisobrivi kvlevis drosac gamoCnda). aqve aucilebelia, klipebi iyos maqsimalurad gasageb enaze damzadebuli;
kanonSi cvlilebebis SemTxvevaSi, komunikaciebis
erovnul komisias mieces ufleba, moiTxovos mauwyeblebidan TviTregulirebis meqanizmSi saCivrebis ganmxilveli pirebis Secvlis Sesaxeb ganaxlebadi informacia;
arasamTavrobo seqtorma mimarTos komunikaciebis
erovnul komisias, raTa am ukanasknelma SeimuSavos sistema, romliTac SesaZlebeli iqneba TviTregulirebis
meqanizmTa popularizacia.
130
Tamar Karelidze Student (MA) at Ilia State University,

Faculty of Arts and Sciences (2nd year)
SELF-REGULATION MECHANISMS IN THE
REGIONAL BROADCASTERS
Self-regulation mechanisms are one of the most important
indicators of democracy and media freedom in media outlets.
They constitute a voluntary system that allows broadcasters to
enhance their self-development.
Different countries have different experiences with
systems of self-regulation. In the Georgian reality, these
mechanisms are not sufficiently effective yet. While studying
national and regional self-regulation bodies, it became clear
that the population does not often apply to them (which is also
reflected in the low number of filed complaints: for instance, in
2013, only two complaints were filed in one TV station out of
21 regional broadcasters, while in 2012 nine complaints were
filed in five TV stations). Effective operation of the mechanism
requires frequent filing of complaints by a concerned party,
defined by the the Code of Conduct of Broadcasters as any
person who is affected by or mentioned in a program or in the
decision of the broadcasters self-regulation body. Although it
is only this concerned party that may file a complaint in a
self-regulation body, the non-governmental sector working on
media issues is ready to step in. This study (dealing specifically
with regional broadcasters, unlike the one on national
broadcasters) has highlighted several differing characteristics.
TV viewers complaints are also resolved by an
alternative method by bypassing the self-regulation
mechanism and talking to the relevant journalist, editor, or
131
director of the TV station directly, instead of discussing it

within a self-regulation mechanism. TV stations also express
readiness to receive assistance for ensuring better functioning
of the self-regulation system.
During this study, a part of the media outlets noted that
the majority of plaintiffs submit their complaints to the NGO
Charter of Journalistic Ethics of Georgia, instead of applying
to self-regulation mechanisms, because they consider the
Charter to review them more fairly than the TV stations
themselves. The study has also revealed that creating selfregulation mechanisms is not a priority for regional
broadcasters. The Law on Broadcasting commands
broadcasters to create a similar body, although the provisions
of the law say nothing about how to ensure its effective
functioning. To increase the influence of the self-regulation
mechanisms, the study includes a number of recommendations
that will help media outlets to improve themselves.
132
Tamari mamulaSvili
aRmosavleT evropis universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis magistraturis II kursis studenti
omari margvelaSvili
aRmosavleT evropis universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis magistraturis II kursis studenti
siZulvilis ena mediaSi _ gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebis farglebi
Sesavali
siZulvilis enaze saubari dasavleT evropaSi meore
msoflio omis Semdeg daiwyo, roca saWiro gaxda im gamocdilebisa da arsebuli realobis gaazreba, rac orma
msoflio omma moutana kacobriobas. adamianis konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis mravalma faqtma sazogadoebas daanaxa siZulvilis enis ukontrolo xasiaTi, romelic qmnida maTi uflebebis, pativisa da Rirsebis darRvevis risks.1
nebismieri naSromi Tu kvleva, romelic siZulvilis
enis problemazea Seqmnili, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis farglebSi, yovelTvis aqtualuria da diskusiis
1
<http://bit.ly/1Lkqwd2> [20.05.2015].
133
mTavar obieqts warmoadgens, Tumca mTeli rigi sakiTxebi

mainc Ria da sadavo rCeba.
siZulvilis enis tiraJireba xdeba yvelgan: socialur qselebSi, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi, presasa da mediaSi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces
saqarTvelos telesivrceSi arsebul SouebSi warmoTqmul
diskriminaciul da damamcirebel gamonaTqvamebs konkretuli mowyvladi jgufebis mimarT.
naSromSi warmodgenili da gamokvleuli iqneba siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis faqtebi qarTul mediaSi da
misi gavlena sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebze. moxdeba sakiTxis garkveva, Tu sad gadis zRvari siZulvilis enasa
da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris, vinaidan es ukanaskneli demokratiis erTerTi fundamenturi principia, siZulvilis ena ki gamonaklisia am principis, rogorc misi
samarTlebrivi barieri.
naSromSi saubari iqneba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
arsze da misi SezRudvis legitimur safuZvelze siZulvilis enis WrilSi, raTa naTlad iqnes danaxuli is
problemebi, rasac siZulvilis enis gamoyeneba uqmnis sazogadoebasa da xalxis konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebul
uflebebs.
mniSvnelovania siZulvilis enis kriminalizaciis sakiTxis ganxilva sxvadasxva midgomis mixedviT, raTa warmoCndes is realuri upiratesobebi da safrTxeebi, romelic siZulvilis enis kriminalizacias mosdevs. gaazrebul iqnes qarTuli realoba - sxvadasxva umciresobaTa
warmomadgenlebis mimarT arsebuli socialuri pozicia
134
Tanamedrove sinamdvileSi da media, rogorc am realobis erT-erTi gamomwvevi mizezi.

kiTxva Tu vin unda aiRos sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgebloba siZulvilis enis gamoyenebis prevenciisTvis
mediaSi, jer kidev gaurkvevelia. aris Tu ara sakiTxis
kriminalizeba gamosavali? am da sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis garkveva saWiroebs Rrma analizs, raTa Camoyalibebuli iqnas erTiani, saRi da samarTliani midgoma.
Temis ufro Rrma analizisTvis, gamoyenebuli iqneba
statistikuri kvlevis meTodisTvis damaxasiaTebeli meTodologiuri safuZvlebi. kerZod, studentTa SerCeva da
maTTan siRrmiseuli interviuebi. miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze moxdeba Sesabamisi daskvnebis gakeTeba, rac
problematuri sakiTxis ganzogadebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. kvlevis mTavari kiTxva mdgomareobs SemdegSi: ramdenad xSirad esmiT studentebs media saSualebebis mxridan siZulvilis ena da vin unda aiRos sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgebloba misi gamoyenebis prevenciisTvis mediaSi?
1. gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis arsi da SezRudvebi

nebismieri uflebis srulfasovnad gamoyenebisTvis mniSvnelovania misi konteqstis sworad gageba da
normis miznidan gamomdinare praqtikaSi misi realizacia.2
2
tuRuSi T., burjanaZe g., SveliZe g., gociriZe g., menabde v., ada-
mianis uflebebi da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos samarTalwarmoebis praqtika, Tbilisi, 2013, 160.
135
sityvis Tavisufleba adamianis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani fundamenturi uflebaa. igi gulisxmobs azris
absolutur Tavisuflebas da mis formirebas nebismieri
saSualebiT, sakuTari damokidebulebisa da grZnobebis
sajarod, daubrkoleblad gamoTqmas.
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
sxva uflebaTa gamoyenebasTan,3
mas mediasamarTalSi
4
fundamenturi uflebis saxe gaaCnia.
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba moicavs iseTi mosazrebis
sajarod dafiqsirebasac, romelic, SesaZloa, miuRebeli
iyos sazogadoebis garkveuli nawilisTvis. Tumca, saxelmwifom unda daicvas moqalaqeTa rogorc swori,
ise araswori azri.5
imisTvis, raTa naTlad iqnes gansazRvruli sad gadis zRvari azris gamoxatvasa da siZulvilis enas Soris, unda ganisazRvros gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis konstituciuri safuZveli.
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis farglebi izRudeba Tanazomierebis principze dayrdnobiT, raTa Tavidan iqnes
acilebuli sxvaTa uflebebis darRveva. saxelmwifom im
zomiT unda SezRudos gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, rac aucilebelia legitimuri miznis misaRwevad, im SemTxveva-
oqruaSvili m., kotetiSvili i., gamoxatvis Tavisufleba pirveli

tomi, Tbilisi, 2005, winasityvaoba.
4
jorbenaZe s., baxtaZe u., maWaraZe z., mediasamarTali, Tbilisi,
2014, 81.
5
izoria l., korkelia., kublaSvili k., xubua g., saqarTvelos konstituciis komenatrebi adamianis ZiriTadi uflebani da Tavisuflebani, Tbilisi, 2005, 256.
136
Si, Tu SezRudva legitimur mizans ver aRwevs is dauSvebelia.6

legitimur mizanSi ki SesaZlebelia moviazroT sxva
adamianTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva, romelic
maT mimarT siZulvilis enis gamoyenebis Sedegad SesaZloa
SeizRudos. SezRudva SeiZleba gamoixatos umciresobaTa
pirdapiri diskriminaciiTa da maT mimarT zizRis enis gamoyenebiT, Seuracxmyofeli gancxadebebis gakeTebiTa da
CagvriT. aseve rodesac umciresobis romelime warmomadgenelze saubaria, rogorc sazogadoebis arasrulfasovan
wevrze. sakuTari azrisa da damokidebulebis gamoxatva
ar unda gaxdes sxvisi uflebis SezRudvis safuZveli.
arasdros unda iyos gamarTlebuli azris gamoxatvis
konstituciur uflebaze apelireba da sakuTari damokidebulebis gamarTleba, rodesac igi Seicavs zizRis enas.
2. siZulvilis ena da sazogadoeba

2.1 ra aris siZulvilis ena
siZulvilis enis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli cneba
ar arsebobs.7 sakuTari pozicia siZulvilis enis Sinaarsze daafiqsira evrokavaSiris ministrTa komitetma
6
ix. tuRuSi T., burjanaZe g., SveliZe g., gociriZe g., menabde v.,
samarTalwarmoebis praqtika, Tbilisi, 2013, 298.
7
interniusi-saqarTvelo, siZulvilis ena saarCevno periodSi, mediis monitoringis Semajamebeli Sedegebi, 20 agvisto _ 20 oqtomberi,
2012,
Sesavali,
<http://www.media.ge/ge/resources/research/
300886/ > [01.09.2015].
137
sakuTar rekomendaciaSi, maTi ganmartebiT termini siZulvilis ena moiazrebs gamoxatvis yvela formas, romelic avrcelebs, iwvevs, xels uwyobs an amarTlebs
rasobriv SuRls, qsenofobias, antisemitizms an Seuwynareblobaze dafuZnebul SuRlis sxva formebs, diskriminaciisa da umciresobaTa mimarT gamoxatuli
mtrobis CaTvliT.8
siZulvilis ena aris zizRi da aratoleranturi
damokidebuleba pirovnebisadmi, romelic misgan gansxvavebulia. rogorc wesi siZulvilis enis obieqtebs warmoadgenen umciresobebi, gansakuTrebiT ki, sxva religiuri mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebi, aratradiciuli
orientaciis, sxva rasis, kanis feris an SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi. xSirad am adamianebis mimarT
adgili aqvs diskriminaciuli damokidebulebis faqtebs,
rac Seuracxyofas ayenebs maT pativsa da Rirsebas,
mxolod imitom rom, isini gansxvavebulebi arian. isini
ar arian umravlesoba. Tumca kanoni maT ar ganasxvavebs
erTmaneTisgan. umravlesobisa da umciresobebis uflebebi Tanabari Rirebulebis mqonea, rasac adasturebs saqarTvelos konstituciis me14-e muxli, romlis Tanaxmad yoveli adamiani kanonis winaSe Tanasworia da dauSvebelia nebismieri saxis diskriminacia, es ki siZulvilis enis dauSveblobas ukavSirdeba. Tumca konstituciis Tu sxva sakanonmdeblo regulaciebis miuxedavad
8
evrosabWos ministrTa komitetis CM/Rec(2010)5 rekomendacia

wevri saxelmwifoebis mimarT seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis safuZvelze diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg zomebis
Sesaxeb, ganmartebiTi memorandumi.
138
qarTuli sazogadoeba jer kidev aratolerantulia gansxvavebuli azris mimarT.9
2.2 siZulvilis enis gavlena sazogadoebaze

medias didi gavlena aqvs sazogadoebaze. mas SeuZlia fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba adamianze. is, rac aqamde daujereblad migvaCnda mediis daxmarebiT es Cveulebriv movlenadac ki SeiZleba CaiTvalos.10 medias SeuZlia erTsa da imave dros mosaxleobazec da xelisuflebazec rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi zegavlenis moxdena.11 mas SeuZlia sazogadoebis dezinformacia ise, rom adamianTa umetesoba amas verc mixvdes.
gansakuTrebiT regionebSi, sadac informaciis gadamowmebis berketebi TiTqmis ar arsebobs. masmedia warmoadgens saSualebas adamianTa msoflmxedvelobaze zegavlenis moxdenisTvis.12
sazogadoebis is nawili, romelic mediasaSualebebs xSirad adevnebs Tvalyurs, iRebs gadaWarbebul in-
ix. interniusi-saqarTvelo, siZulvilis ena saarCevno periodSi,

mediis monitoringis Semajamebeli Sedegebi, 20 agvisto _ 20 oqtomberi,
2012,
Sesavali,
<http://www.media.ge/ge/resources/research/300886/ > [01.09.2015].
10
<http://bit.ly/1K8WZTt> [21.05.2015].
11
ix. jorbenaZe s., baxtaZe u., maWaraZe z., mediasamarTali, Tbilisi, 2014, 58.
12
SalikaSvili m., kriminologia, Tbilisi, 2011, 270.
139
formacias danaSaulis Tu sxva anti-sazogadoebrivi

qcevis Sesaxeb da kargavs realobis Sefasebis unars.13
adamianis mier televizorTan didi drois gatareba, mas realobis SegrZnebas ukargavs da gulubryvilod
sjera im alternatiuli realobis da swavlobs im
informacias, romelsac media sTavazobs.14 miuxedavad
amisa, media isev rCeba erTerT mniSvnelovan da moTxovnad subieqtad, romelic xels uwyobs individisa da sazogadoebis kavSirs.15
masmedia xSirad sazogadoebis stereotipulad azrovnebas uwyobs xels. uaryofiTi damokidebulebebi Tavs
iCens maSin, rodesac diskusiis Tema Seexeba gansxvavebuli
seqsualuri orientaciis mqone adamianebs.16 stereotipuli midgomebidan warmoiSoba axali stereotipebi: Tu erTma gansxvavebulma avno, maSin mec SemiZlia vavno.17
3. siZulvilis enis tiraJireba mediaSi

mediis saqmianoba ar aris SeuzRudavi. igi ar unda gascdes samarTlebriv farglebs.18 Tumca, saqarTve13
ix. jorbenaZe s., baxtaZe u., maWaraZe z., mediasamarTali, Tbilisi,

2014, 160.
14
<http://bit.ly/1SnxCmJ> [20.05.2015] .
15
<http://bit.ly/1doIC3f> [21.05.2015].
16
ix. <http://bit.ly/1K8WZTt> [21.05.2015].
17
<http://www.netgazeti.ge/GE/105/Life/36021/> [21.05.15].
18 saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba saqarTveloSi, 2006 wlis ianvari-2013 wlis seqtemberis
mediis mdgomareobis analizi, 2013, 7.
140
loSi mediasivrce siZulvilis enis erT-erT wamaxalisebel faqtorad gvevlineba. xSirad televiziiT ismis
umciresobebis mimarT gamoTqmuli diskriminaciuli SeZaxilebi, aRniSnul jgufebSi gansakuTrebiT moiazreba
rogorc eTnikuri, religiuri ise seqsualuri umciresobebi. aseve adamianebi ar eridebian erTmaneTis mimarT
zizRis enis gamoyenebas. xSirad televiziiT vawydebiT
politikosebis mxridan erTmaneTis misamarTiT gamoTqmul mZime Seuracxmyofel gancxadebebs da amas media
yovelgvari xmovani dafarvis saSualebiT, pirdapir gadmoscems.
mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos beWduri mediis roli siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis procesSi. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi arsebuli erT-erTi yovelkvireuli gazeTi
gajerebulia diskriminaciuli da damamcirebeli saTaurebiTa da statiebis SinaarsiT, romlis avtorebic Zalian uxeSi formiT gamoxataven sakuTar pozicias, rac
Seuracxmyofeli xdeba adresatisTvis, romlis Sedegad
mravali sasamarTlo procesi imarTeba da marTlmsajulebis gziT es ukanasknelni iZulebulni xdebian, pativisa da Rirsebis uflebaze apelirebiT moiTxovon moraluri zianis anazRaureba.
xSirad, swored mediasamarTalis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani subieqti, Jurnalisti warmoadgens siZulvilis
enis maprovocirebel mxares. gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca
man kargad icis respodentis damokidebuleba magaliTad, eTnikuri umciresobebis mimarT da swored amitom
kiTxvis Sinaarssa da formaze dakvirvebiT ar aris Zneli misaxvedri mosalodneli pasuxi, romelic zizRis
141
enis elementebiT iqneba gajerebuli. sakiTxis naTlad

warmoCenisTvis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT 2014
wlis 26 noembers rusTavi 2-is eTerSi gasuli erT-erTi gadacema, romelSic stumrad iyo mowveuli adamiani,
romelmac iahovas mowmeebis misamarTiT gamoiyena siZulvilis ena, wamyvanma ara marto ar SeaCera stumari,
aramed Tavadac gamoiyena diskriminaciuli terminebi:
Tqven sityvas maZlevT, rom aq ieRovelebi ar momivardebian? meSinia me magaTi, kargi qeniT, rom wamoxvediT,ieRovelebi dazombirebulebi arian? Zaan meSinia,
rom ar damagipnozon. SemdgomSi rusTavi 2-ma da Tavad gadacemis wamyvanma sajarod moixades bodiSi.19
4. siZulvilis enis kriminalizacia

siZulvilis enis kriminalizaciis sakiTxis Rrma
analizisTvis, sainteresoa, gavecnoT rogorc qarTul,
aseve amerikul da evropul midgomebs da davinaxoT maT
Soris fundamenturi gansxvavebebi.
aSS-Si gamoxatvis Tavisufleba absolutur uflebadaa aRiarebuli. evropuli samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT,
aSS-Si absoluturoba SeuzRudavi formiT arsebobs.
maT iseT mwvervalze aqvT ayvanili adamianebis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, rom siZulvilis ena ar aris kriminalizebuli.20
19
< http://bit.ly/1PD1Jre > [23.05.2015].

saqarTvelos demokratiuli iniciativa, siZulvilis enis aRmofxvra politikur diskursSi-sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobidan
142
20
siZulvilis ena dasjadia mxolod maSin, roca

amiT safrTxe eqmneba pirovnebis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas. evropuli samarTali ki sakiTxs gansxvavebulad awesrigebs. gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic zizRis
enis SinaarsiT gamoixateba isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT an ufro msubuqad, fuladi jarimiT. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebiT,
siZulvilis ena dakavSirebulia adamianis pirad SegrZnebebTan da mis aRqmasa da damokidebulebasTan, romlis kanonmeblobis doneze regulacia SeuZlebelia.21
imisda miuxedavad, rom saqarTvelo gaeros konvencias 1999 wels SeuerTda da misgan ramdenjerme miiRo rekomendacia siZulvilis enis sakanonmdeblo doneze regulaciisa da kriminalizaciisTvis, aRniSnulis mowesrigebisaTvis qmediTi nabijebi jer kidev ar gadadgmula. rac
Seexeba Cvens qveyanaSi arsebul sakanonmdeblo resursebs,
romelic gamoxatvis Tavisuflebasa da siZulvilis enas
Soris zRvris gavlebaSi gvexmareba TiTqmis ar arsebobs.
garda konstituciis 24-e muxlisa, romelSic gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebasa da misi SezRudvis safuZvlebzea saubari.
normis dispoziciaSi vxvdebiT sityva Rirsebas, Tumca
es Canaweri interpretaciisa da Sinaarsis gansxvavebulad
aRqmis SesaZleblobas iZleva. aseve arsebobs kanoni sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, romelic media saSualebebs miuTiTebs, rom ar dauSvan iseTi gancxaTviTregulaciis meqanizmebisken, <http://gdi.ge/uploads/other/0/192.pdf>
[23.05.2015], 24.
21
muSkudiani r., gamoxatvis Tavisufleba Tu siZulvilis ena, studenturi
konferencia
lgbt
sakiTxebSi,
2013,
5.
<http://bit.ly/1F6CMdv> [23.05.2015].
143
debebis gavrceleba, romelic Seuracxyofs sazogadoebis

romelime wevrs an jgufs. Tumca prevenciis TvalsazrisiT kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs raime seriozul sanqcias.
mxolod TviTregulirebis saSualebiT SeuZliaT problemis aRmofxvra. darRveuli uflebis aRdgena ki saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebuli moraluri
zianis anazRaurebis saxiT SeiZleba moiTxovos siZulvilis enis obieqtma. Tumca mxolod samoqalaqo kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba ar aris sakmarisi
imisTvis, rom siZulvilis ena iqnas acilebuli, amisaTvis
ufro efeqturi pasuxismgeblobis (dasjis) meqanizmebia
saWiro, raTa sasjelma erTis mxriv moaxdinos Sesabamisi
reagireba piris mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebisTvis (romelic arasamarTlebrivad zRudavs zizRis enis obieqtis
konstituciiT miniWebul uflebebs), meores mxriv iqonios prevenciuli xasiaTi, Tu pirs ecodineba, rom mis mier gamoxatul zizRis enas eqneba Sesabamisi reagireba saxelmwifos mxridan da moxdeba misi dasja, is ufro metad daicavs kanons da ar gamoiyenebs siZulvilis enas.
5. kvleva
sainteresoa Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis ganxilva, romelic sazogadoebis, gansakuTrebiT studentebis
ganwyobis gagebas emsaxureba mediaSi siZulvilis enis
tiraJirebis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT. kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRo universitetis 100-mde studentma. kiTxvebi Semdegi formulirebiT iqna Camoyalibebuli da
144
kvlevis Sedegebi ase gamoiyureba: 1. mogismeniaT Tu ara

diskriminaciuli gancxadebebi televiziiT? ki-76%;
ara-17%; miWirs pasuxis gacema-7%; 2. gansakuTrebiT
umciresobis romeli jgufis mimarT? seqsualuri umciresobebi-51%; religiuri-27%; rasobrivi-9% ; yvela
CamoTvlili-8%; arcerTi-5%; 3. uwyobs Tu ara qarTuli televizia xels siZulvilis enis tiraJirebas
sazogadoebaSi? ki-61%; ara-29%; miWirs pasuxis gacema10%; 4. vin unda ebrZolos siZulvilis enis tiraJirebas mediaSi? saxelmwifom-54%; mediam-30%; sazogadoebam-10%; arasamTavrobo organizaciebma-6%.
kvlevis Sedegebidan gamomdinare naTlad Cans mediis roli siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis procesSi. gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba acxadebs, rom televiziiT maT
esmiT zizRis ena, gansakuTrebiT seqsualuri da religiuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebTa mimarT. siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi gamokiTxulTa naxevarze meti saxelmwifos mxridan met aqtiurobaze miuTiTebs.
6. rekomendacia
siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis aRmofxvris mizniT
aucilebelia, media saSualebebma ganaxorcielon maT mier dasaqmebuli adamianebis, Jurnalistebisa Tu saredaqcio jgufisTvis meti informaciis miwodeba problemis arsebobis Taobaze. aseve dawvrilebiT gaacnon is
kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs da icavs adamia145
nebs diskriminaciisgan. sasurvelia, media saSualebebma

gaamkacron monitoringi sazogadoebisTvis informaciis
miwodebis formasTan dakavSirebiT da Tavad Seuwyon
xeli xarvezebis aRmofxvras am mimarTulebiT. aseve saWiroa beWduri mediis saqmianobis sakanonmdeblo reguliaciis SemoReba, romelic uzrunvelyofs maTi mxridan adamianis uflebebis daRvevis faqtebis ardaSvebas
da mkacrad gaakontrolebs siZulvilis enis tiraJirebasa da xels Seuwyobs diskriminaciuli midgomebis
prevencias. sasurvelia, mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb kanonSi
Sevides damatebiTi cvlilebebi, rac uSualod moawesrigebs beWduri mediis saqmianobis dauregulirebel aspeqtebs. aucilebelia, yvela mediis warmomadgenelma
kargad gaiazros Jurnalisturi qartiis mniSvneloba,
gansakuTrebiT ki qartiis me-7e muxlis konteqsti,
romelic ar aZlevs mas saSualebas eTerSi gaaJReros
diskriminaciuli gamonaTqvamebi an xeli Seuwyos mis
tiraJirebas. pirdapiri eTeris dros igi unda gaemijnos siZulvilis enas, xolo Canaweris arsebobis SemTxvevaSi ar gauSvas igi eTeriT.
umTavres iaraRs zizRis enasTan sabrZolvelad ki
adamianTa marTlSegnebis amaRleba warmoadgens, rac am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT maTi informirebulobiTa da ganaTlebiT miiRweva. saxelmwifom da mediam xeli unda
Seuwyon farTomasStabiani saganmanaTleblo kampaniebis
mowyobas siZulvilis enis prevenciisTvis.
146
daskvna
rodesac qveynis mTavari sazrunavi demokratiuli
sazogadoebis Camoyalibebaa, maSin am sazogadoebis umciresobaTa uflebebi iseve unda iyos daculi, rogorc
umravlesobis. sakanonmdeblo resursis simwire siZulvilis enisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris zRvaris gavlebas isev arTulebs. Sesabamisad, sakuTari
Rirsebisa da uflebebis dacvac rTuldeba. rodesac umravlesoba xedavs, rom maT mier umciresobisamdi gamoxatul Seuracxmyofel gancxadebebs
Sesabamisi pasuxismgebloba ar mohyveba, isini ar eridebian zizRis
enis gamoyenebas da Sesabamisad amiT xdeba erTgvari waxaliseba diskriminaciuli da aratolerantuli damokidebulebis. sabolood viRebT suraTs, Tu rogor SeiZleba adamianis konstituciuri uflebis darRveva gamoiwvios gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis farglebis ugulvebelyofam.
aris Tu ara media siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis
xelSemwyobi? am kiTxvas pasuxi naSromSi moyvanilma
kvlevis Sedegebma naTlad gasca. aseve moyvanili msjelobebidan gamomdinare gamoikveTa aSkara safuZveli siZulvilis enis kriminalizaciis kuTxiT. adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebisa da
gancxadebebis winaaRmdeg brZola sakanonmdeblo regulaciebis SemoRebiT yvelaze efeqtur gzad rCeba. evropuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswineba ki aRniSnuli mimarTulebis prioritetulobas kidev erTxel adasturebs.
147
Tamari Mamulashvili Student (MA) at the East European

University, Faculty of Law (2nd year)
Omari Margvelashvili Student (MA ) at the East European
University, Faculty of Law (2nd year)
HATE SPEECH IN THE MEDIA THE LIMITS OF
THE RIGHT TO EXPRESSION
This research involves hate speech facts in Georgian
media, its consequences and influence on society. The study
highlights the concept and legitimate limitation of the Right to
Expression and draws upon the perspective of hate speech
criminalization in the Georgian legal sphere.
Freedom of Expression is the inevitable prerequisite for
the existence of a democratic country. Correspondingly, one of
the obligations of the state is to enable each citizen to express
his/her opinion freely. Therefore, it is of course necessary to
defend the constitutionally guaranteed Right to Expression.
But Freedom of Expression is at times limited by the
principle of proportionality in order to avoid the violation of
other peoples rights. The state then has to limit the Freedom of
Expression to achieve a legitimate goal. In practice, human
rights are often violated through hate speech as a derogation of
dignity and honor. In Georgian reality, media turns out to be
one of the main distributors of hate speech popularization.
Discriminative remarks against minorities are frequently
broadcasted and not only do common people dare to use hate
speech, but often even the journalists seem to take over hate
speech and provocative sides.
To eradicate hate speech and foster impartial journalism, it is
necessary for media and the state to realize the existence of this
problem and its causes. Majority and minority constitutional rights
should be equally defended by media and the state.
148

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media, samarTali da eTika

samecniero studenturi konferenciis

sareklamo dro da misi dacva saqarTvelos

sad gadis zRvari informaciis Tavisufal

religiuri Tematika da eTikuri standarti qarTul

eTikuri problemebi qarTul onlainmediaSi

mediis gavlena marTlmsajulebaze ........................................ 99

TviTregulirebis organoebi regionul

siZulvilis ena mediaSi _ gamoxatvis

SearCies 21 saukeTeso momxsenebeli (eqvsi umaRlesi

wyveti roli Tavisufali media garemos ganviTarebaSi.

Tbilisi, seqtemberi 2015

approach is essential in order to achieve a holistic coverage of

sareklamo dro da misi dacva

(saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb

`mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 2, punqti

igive kanoni, muxli 2, punqti n, aseve, muxli 64 punqti 11.

2. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi - mauwyeblis

igive kanoni, 67-e muxli, me-3 punqti.

Si evropuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisia,14 magram problemas maTi implementaciis vadebi warmoadgens.

aRsaniSnavia, rom komisiis inicirebul redaciaSi, romelic

mTeli es procesi naTels xdis, Tu ratom moxda

adamianis uflebebi da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

qalaqeebi zaur elaSvili, suliko maSia, rusudan gogia da sxvebi

biT...23 amasTan, aqve daasaxela moTxovnis uflebis

adamianis uflebebi da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

bis farTo wres moicavs.29 qonebis cnebas sasamarTlo

papuaSvili s., sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi

moTxovnis ufleba,39 garkveuli profesiiT muSaobis

3. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, rogorc mauwyeblebis

buli muxlis darRvevas adgili ar aqvs, aq ki mtkicebis tvirTi saxelmwifozea.46

The right to property, a guide to the implementation of Article 1 of

belTa interesebis dacva, rogorc sazogadoebis

The right to property, a guide to the implementation of Article 1 of

cxrili simartivisaTvis gakeTebulia sarklamo drois mxolod

Ketevan Buadze Student (PhD) at Tbilisi State University,

ADVERTISING TIME AND ITS PROTECTION BY THE

On April 1, 2015, the amendments to the Georgian Law

outline its safeguarding mechanisms (as per Article 21

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

gaeces amomwuravi pasuxi Semdeg SekiTxvebs: rogori

1. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlis 1-eli punqti.

1.2 pirveli Taobis saqmeebi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis

Dirk Voorhoof, Freedom of Expression Under the European Human

ze, lingensi avstriis winaaRmdeg6 adamianis uflebaTa

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Jonas Gulde, An Assessment of the European Court of Human Rights

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Jonas Gulde, Jonas Gulde, An Assessment of the European Court of

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Dirk Voorhoof, Freedom of Expression Under the European Human

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iqve, para. 219-220.

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Elspeth Reid, Rebalancing Privacy and Freedom of Expression,