INGE 3045 Chapter 2 Problems

7. Electron configurations for:

5+

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s0 3p0

3
P

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

4 +
Sn

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s0 4d10 5p0

I
2+

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d8

11. Without consulting Figure 2.6 or Table 2.2, determine whether each of the electron
configurations given below is an inert gas, a halogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or
a transition metal. Justify your choices.
a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Halogen because one more electron would be an inert gas
b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7 Transition metal because d subshell is incomplete
c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 Inert gas because all subshells are filled
d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 Alkali metal because of just 1 electron in 4s
e) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5 5p6 Transition metal because of
incomplete d subshell
f) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s0 Alkaline earth metal because of the 2 s electrons
12.
(a) What electron subshell is being filled for the rare earth series of elements on the
periodic table?
The 4f subshell
(b) What electron subshell is being filled for the actinide series?
The 5f subshell

13. Calculate the force of attraction between a

2+
2

and
an
Ca
O ion the centers of which

are separated by a distance of 1.25 nm.

19

=1.602 10
1

k 9.0 10

q1 =2

q 2=2

r=1.25 109

F=

k q1 q2
r2

F=5.91299 1010

14. The net potential energy between two adjacent ions

EN

may be presented by the sum of

Equations 2.8 and 2.9; that is,

A B
E N=
+
r rn
(a) Differentiate

EN

with respect to r, and then set the resulting expression equal to

zero, since the curve of E N versus r is a minimum at E0
dEN
A
nB
= (1+1) (n +1) =0
dr r
r

(b) Solve for r in terms of A, B, and n, which yields r 0 the equilibrium interionic
spacing.
A
B
= (n+1)
2
r0 r0

-----------------------

(c) Determine the expression for

E 0=

r 0=(

1
A (1n)
)
nB

E0 by substitution of r 0 into Equation 2.11

A B
A
B
+ =
+
1
n
r 0 r n0
A (1n)
A (1n
)
nB
nB

( )

( )

19. Compute the percentage ionic character of the interatomic bond for each of the following
compounds: MgO, GaP, CsF, CdS, and FeO.

ionic character= 1e

( x A x B )
4

] 100

MgO:

x Mg=1.31

x O=3.44

% ionic character = 70.2%

GaP:

x Ga=1.81

x P=2.19

% ionic character = 3.54%

CsF:

x Cs=0.79

x F =3.98

% ionic character = 92.15%

CdS:

x Cd =1.69

x S=2.58

% ionic character = 17.97%

FeO:

x Fe =1.83

x O=3.44

% ionic character = 47.69%

22. What type(s) of bonding would be expected for each of the following materials: solid xenon,
calcium fluoride (CaF2), bronze, cadmium telluride (CdTe), rubber, and tungsten?
Solid Xenon
Calcium Fluoride
Bronze
Cadmium Telluride
Rubber
Tungsten

van der Waals Bonding.

Ionic bonding
the bonding is metallic since it is a metal alloy composed of copper and tin
Covalent Bonding
Covalent and Secondary Bonding
Metallic Bonding