Pesma Gavran ima elemente realizma, jer dogaaji koji su se zbili prikazuju realnost; naunik-ljubavnik

sedi nad knjigom; otvaranje okna na lupetanje ptice; gavran slee na kip; i odreeno je mesto dogaaja
soba. Ne samo da je Gavran realistiko delo, ve je i pretea simbolizma. Gavran simbolizuje sudbinu
i smrt. Elementi simbolike odraavaju se i u versifikaciji: izraajna i ritmika forma i strofa s nejednakim
brojem slogova.
Pesma govori o smrti lepe ene Lenore. Zbog svoje tematike, pesma u nama budi neke udne oseaje.
Na poetku pesme javlja se strah koji se provlai kroz celu pjesmu, da bi taj isti strah u nama na kraju
izazvao izrazitu tugu. Naroito zbivanje u pesmi pesnik je izgradio u 18 strofa i 108 stihova. Svaka
strofa zavrava refrenom koji je zvuan i posebno naglaen, a u skladu je s melanholinim tonom
pesme. Najei refren to ga monotono ponavlja zloguka ptica je: Nikad vie. (Nevermore).
Jedne decembarske olujne noi naunik-ljubavnik je prouavao drevne knjige i zadremao. Plamen
slabe vatre oslikavao je po podu sablasti:
Svaki ugarak, to gasne, sablasti po podu rie.
Rastrgan od boli, jer njegove ljubavi Lenore vie nema, eka svanue. Odjednom mu se uinilo da neko
kuca na vrata. Pomislio je da to moda neki posetilac trai sklonite u toj stranoj noi.
Mrak preda mnom, nita vie.
Pogledom kroz tamu bludim; stojim, plaim se i udim
Naunik mata da je to uao duh njegove drage. Mistinost se, u tom nonom ugoaju, poveava u
trenutku kad gavran, crn kao no, ulee u sobu kroz otvoren prozor i seda na kip Palade (boginje
Atine). U ovom delu pesme nailazimo na kontraste: olujna no spokojnost sobe, mermer kipa perje
ptice. Ulaskom ptice atmosfera je fantastina i smena:
Ni da pozdrav glavom mahne, ni trenutak on da stane,
Poput lorda ili dame kroz moju se sobu die
U daljnjim stihovima pesnik uvodi dijalog izmeu ljubavnika i Gavrana. Ptica dobija atribute: mrka,
gadna, grobna, sumorna, kobna, drevna, Ljubavnik osea njene arke oi, koje ga pale do u sr
srca. Sledi gradacija boli. Ljubavnik oblikuje pitanja tako da od oekivanog odgovora ptice, Nevermore,
dobije onu bol, koja je najdivnija zato to je i najneizdrljivija. I u 16. strofi, na konani upit, upit kojem
e Nikad vie biti zbiljski odgovor, i na koji e re Nevermore doneti najveu bol i oaj.
Neba ti, i Boga, po kom obojici grud nam die,
Smiri duu rastuenu, reci da l u u Edenu
Grlit enu posveenu, Lenora je okrstie,
Djevu divnu, jedinstvenu, koju aneli mi skrie
Ree Gavran: Nikad vie.
U tim pitanjima i odgovorima moe se videti morbidnost pesme. Ljubavnik uiva u muenju sebe sama.
Dve posljednje strofe svojom sugestivnou proimaju itavu priu tj. pesmu.
U samou mene pusti! nek ti trag se s biste zbrie
Nosi lik svoj s mojih vrata, vadi kljun, to srce sie!
Ree Gavran: Nikad vie.
U poslednjoj strofi, gavran ostaje okamenjen na boginji Paladi, kao simbol tune i beskrajne uspomene
na jednu prelepu enu.

Edgar Alan Po Gavran

Jednom u as tuan noni, dok razmiljah, duh nemoni,
nad knjigama koje drevnu nauku u sebe skrie,
bejah skoro u san pao, a neko je na prag stao
i tiho je zakucao, kucnuo to moe tie.
Posetilac neki anuh kucnuo to moe tie,
samo to i nita vie.

Jednom jedne strane noi, ja razmiljah u samoi,

itah crne, prane knjige, koje staro znanje skrie;
Dok sam u san skoro pao, neko mi je zakucao,
Na vrata mi zakucao - zakucao tiho - tie "To je putnik" ja promrmljah, "koji bjei ispred kie",
Samo to i nita vie.

Ah, seam se toga jasno, bee zimnje vee kasno;

svaki tinjav odsev ara utvare po podu pie.
De ekaju, srce snaim u knjigama zalud traim
za Lenorom bol da blaim. Ime koje podarie
njoj aneli, divna draga kojoj ime podarie
aneli, nje nema vie.

Ah, da, jo se sjeam jasno, u prosincu bjee kasno

Svaki ugarak, to trne, duhove po podu rie.
eljno ekam ja svanue, uzalud iz knjiga vuem
Spas od boli to me mue, jer me od Nje rastavie.
Od djevojke aneoske, od Lenore rastavie,
Ah, nje sada nema vie.

I um svilen, umor tmurni, um zavesa tih purpurnih,

nesluenom, udnom strepnjom obuzima sve me vie;
da umirim srce rekoh: To zacelo sad je neko
na pragu se mome steko, kucnuvi to moe tie,
posetilac neki pozni, zakuca to moe tie
na vrata i nita vie.

Od svilenog, tunog uma iz zastora od baruna

Nikad prije osjeani uasi me zahvatie;
Dok mi srce snano bije, ja ga mirim sve hrabrije:
"Putnik moli da se skrije od te noi, bure, kie.
Putnik kuca na ta vrata, da se skrije ispred kie.
Samo to je, nita vie."

Najednom mi strepnja minu i zurei u tamninu:

Gosparu il gospo kazah ne ljutite vi se vie,
bejah skoro u san pao, neko od vas na prag stao
i tiho je zakucao, kucnuo to moe tie,
da i ne uh Tad mi ruke vrata irom otvorie
samo mrak i nita vie.

Ohrabrih se iznenada, ne oklijevah vie tada:

"Gospodine il gospoo, izvinjenje moje stie!
Mene teki snovi prate, a vi njeno kucat znate,
Tako tiho i bez snage, vai prsti vrata bie,
Da sam sanjiv jedva uo" - Tu se vrata otvorie Mrak je tamo, nita vie.

I dok pogled tamom bludi, bojazan mi puni grudi,

sluajui, sanjajui, snovi mi se teki snie,
i zagledan u tiinu, samohranu pustu tminu,
O Lenora re jedinu, izgovorih tiho, tie,
O Lenora odjek vrati to mi usta prozborie,
samo to i nita vie.

Pogled mrak je prodrijet htio, udno zastraen sam bio,

Sumnjajui, sanjajui, sni mi paklenski se snie;
Nedirnuta bje tiina, znaka nije dala tmina,
Reena je re jedina, apnuta od zvuka kie:
"Lenora" ja apnuh tiho, jeka mi je vrati tie,
Samo to i nita vie.

Vratih se u sobu svoju a dua u nespokoju.

I uskoro neto jai udarci se ponovie.
Na prozoru, u kapcima, mora biti nekog ima,
miruj srce, da u njima vidim kakvu tajnu skrie,
miruj srce da uvidim kakvu tajnu oni skrie,
vetar samo, nita vie!
I otvorih kapke tada, kad ulete iznenada
lepraju gordi Gavran iz dana to sreni bie,
gospodski ga izgled krasi, pozdravom se ne oglasi,
niti zasta, nit se skrasi, dok mu krila se ne svie
povrh vrata, na Paladin kip mu krila se ne svie,
slete, stade, nita vie.
Vide pticu ebonosnu, osmeh tuno srce kosnu,
zbog vanog i strogog sklada kojim lik joj sav odie.
Mada ube erupane rekoh plaljiv nisi, vrane,
to sablasan traje dane sred alova noi, kie
kai kakvim imenom te sile pakle okrstie?
Ree Gavran: Nikad vie.
Zaudih se vesma tome, odgovoru prejasnome,
mada smislom rei ove meni malo jasno bie:
al priznajem, nema zbora, ne uh takvog odgovora,
i ne videh takva stvora crnih krila to se svie,
zver il ticu ija krila na Paladin kip se svie,
s tim imenom Nikad vie.
No Gavranu s kipa bela ta re bee mudrost cela,
re jedina s kojom mu se misao i dua slie.
Nit reju tom zbor mu presta, nit pomae on se s mesta
a u meni sumnje nesta: Svi me znanci ostavie,

Kad u sobu ja se vratih, cijelom duom tad zaplamtih:

Neto jai nego prije udarci se ponovie.
"Sigurno", ja rekoh, "to je na prozoru sobe moje;
Pogledat u trenom to je, kakve se tu tajne skrie.
Mirno, srce. Da, vidimo, kakve se tu tajne skrie Vjetar to je, nita vie.
Prozorsku otvorih kuku, kad uz lepet i uz buku,
Kroza nj ue gordi Gavran, svetih dana to ve bie,
Nit da poklon glavom mahne, ni trenutak on da stane,
S likom lorda ili dame kroz moju se sobu die
I na kip Palade sleti, to se iznad vrata die,
Sleti, sjede, nita vie.
Ovaj stvor u crnom platu, nasmija mi tunu matu
Tekim, mrkim dostojanstvom, kojim itav lik mu die.
"Nek ti kresta jadno visi", rekoh, "kukavica nisi,
Strani, mrani Gavran ti si, to sa ala Noi stie,
Kako te na alu zovu hadske noi otkud stie?"
Ree Gavran: "Nikad vie".

Zaudih se tome mnogo, to je jasno zborit mogo,

Premda nejasne mu rijei malo tog mi razjasnie.
Ali priznat mora svako, ne dogaa da se lako,
Da iv ovjek gleda tako, pticu to se nad njim njie,
ivotinju ili pticu, to nad vratima se njie
S tim imenom "Nikad vie".
Ali Gavran sjede tamo, govori rije jednu samo,
Ko da dua mu i srce u tu jednu rije se slie.
To je sve to on mi ree - dalje krila ne pokree,

odletee i on ko i Nade to me ostavie.

Ree Gavran: Nikad vie.

Dok moj apat mir presijee: "Svi me druzi ostavie,

Otii e i on kao nade to me ostavie".
Tad e Gavran "Nikad vie".

uvi, duhom sav uzbuen, taj odgovor brz, rasuen,

Stvarno kazah to to zbori, re jedinu nikad vie,
valjda ree njegov gazda, zlom sudbinom gonjen vazda,
dok sve misli koje sazda u jedan se pripev slie,
tubalicu mrtvih nada i dana to sreni bie,
tuni pripev: Nikad vie.

Dok ja stajah jo zateen - odgovor bje spremno reen.

"Nema sumnje," rekoh, "ta je rije tek trica, nita vie
Od nesretnog gazde uta, kojega je sudba kruta,
Pratila du njegova puta, dok mu sve se pjesme slie
U tualjke puste nade, koje teret u se zbie,
Od "nikada-nikad vie".

Ali Gavran, stvor stameni, tunu matu bodri meni,

naslonjau ja pribliih vratima to mogah blie,
i glave na pliu sjajne, mnih znamenje tako tajno
u govoru svom nejahno nosi tica ta to stie,
ta sablasna i odvratna, stara tica koja stie,
misli, graku: Nikad vie.

Al taj stvor u crnom platu, jo mi u smijeh goni matu,

Ja naslonja tad okrenuh bisti, gdje se Gavran njie
Na barun mi glava klone, a ja mislim misli one,
Stapam mate tune, bolne; kakvu meni sudbu pie
Ova strana kobna ptica, kakvu meni sudba pie
Graku stalno: "Nikad vie".

Sede, slutnjom srce morih, i ni rei ne prozborih

tici ije plamne oi do srca me prostrelie:
i u misli zanesena, meni klonu glava snena
sa uzglavlja tog svilena gde svetiljke odsjaj slie,
prile nee nikad vie!

Sjedih trae smiso toga, ne govore niti sloga

Ptici, ije arke oi moju duu rasplamtie;
Tako misle misli bone, pustih glavu da mi klone
I u barun da mi tone, kojim svijetlo sjene rie,
Naslonit se na taj barun, kojim svijetlo sjene rie
Ona nee nikad vie.

A vazduh sve guci biva, kao miris da razliva

kadionik kojim ano kadi sobu tiho, tie
Nesrenie viknuh tada boija milost to je rada
da ti duu spase jada, uspomenu da ti zbrie:
pij napitak sladak da se na Lenoru spomen zbrie.
Ree Gavran: Nikad vie.

Zrak tad ko da guim stade, na me neki miris pade

Ko da anel lakih nogu kadionik udni njie.
"Ludo", viknuh, "to su glasi, bog e posla da te spasi
Bol i tugu da ti gasi, to te tako izmuie.
Pij nepenthe, da u srcu zaborav Lenoru zbrie."
Rae Gavran: "Nikad vie".

Proroe il stvore vraiji, avole il tico, kai,

zaklinjem te nebom sklonim i Gospodom ponajvie,
dal u duu namuenu priljubiti u Edenu
uz devojku ozarenu koju svi mi snovi snie,
uz Lenoru kojoj ime serafimi podarie?
Ree Gavran: Nikad vie.

"Zli proroe, ne znam pravo, da l si ptica ili avo,

Al u ime Boga po kom obojici grud nam die,
Smiri duu rastuenu, reci da l u u Edenu
Zagrliti svoju enu, od koje me rastavie, Aneosku tu
Lenoru, od koje me rastavie?"
Ree Gavran: "Nikad vie".

Sad umukni, kleta tico, skoih, viknuh zlosutnico,

u paklenu no se vrati, u oluj i nedra kie!
S tamom crno perje spoji, beleg lai gnusnih tvojih,
samoom me udostoji, vrh vrata ne sedi vie;
izgled i kljun tvoj ukloni to mi srce ojadie.
Ree Gavran: Nikad vie.

"Dosta ti govorit dadoh, crna ptico!" Tad ustadoh,

"U oluje divlje bjei, to se kroz no raskrilie!
Ne ostavi niti traga svojih lai kraj mog praga,
Meni je samoa draga - usne same dovrie Iz mog srca kljun svoj vadi, nek ti trag se ovdje zbrie!"
Ree Gavran: "Nikad vie".

I Gavran, stvorenje alno, sedi stalno, sedi stalno,

krila mu se oko bledog Paladinog kipa svie,
oi su mu zlokob prava, ko zloduha koji spava,
svetiljka ga obasjava i sen mu po podu pie:
dua mi se od te senke to se njiu podom pie
spasti nee nikad vie!

I taj Gavran, ute samo, jo je tamo, jo je tamo,

Na Palade kip je sjeo, to se iznad vrata die,
Oi su mu slika prava zloduha to sniva, spava,
Svijetlost, to ga obasjava, na dnu njegovu sjenu rie,
Moja dua iz tih sjena, to mi cijelu sobu skrie
Ustat nee - nikad vie!

The Raven
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore -While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
" 'T is some visitor, " I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door-Only this and nothing more."
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow -- vainly I had sought to borrow

From my books surcease of sorrow -- sorrow for the lost Lenore-For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore-Nameless here for evermore.
And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me -- filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before:
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating.
" 'T is some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-That it is and nothing more."
Presently my soul grew stronger: hesitating then no longer,
"Sir, " said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore:
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you"-- here I opened wide the door-Darkness there and nothing more.
Deep into the darkness peering, long I stood there wondering fearing.
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before:
But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore?"
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word "Lenore!"-Merely this and nothing more.
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
"Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;
Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore-'T is the wind an nothing more!"
Open here i flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,
In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yore;
Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;
But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door-Perched upon a bust of Pallas just a bove my chamber door-Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,
"Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,
Ghastly grim and ancient Raven wandering from the Nightly shore-Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!"
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
Much I marveled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
Though its answer little meaning -- little relevancy bore;
For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door-Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door,
With such name as "Nevermore."
But the Raven sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpoor.
Nothing further then he uttered, not a feather then he fluttered-Till I scarcely more then muttered, "Other friends have flown before -On the morrow he will leave me, as my Hopes have flown before."
Then the bird said, "Nevermore."
Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
"Doubtless," said I, "what it utteres is it only stock and store
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore -Till the dirges of his Hope the melancholy burden bore
Of 'Never - nevermore.'"
But the Raven still beguiling all my fancy into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door,
Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
Meant in croaking, "Nevermore."

This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing

To the fowl, whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;
This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining
On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o'er
But whose velvet-violet lining with lamp-light gloating o'er
She shall press, ah, nevermore!
Then methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
Swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
"Wretch," I cried, "thy God has lent thee -- by these angels he hath sent thee
Respite -- respite the nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore!
Quaff, oh, quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -- prophet still, if bird of devil!
Whether Tempter sent, or whatever tempest tossed thee ashore,
Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted -On this home by Horror haunted -- tell me truly, I implore -Is there -- is there balm in Gilead? -- tell me -- tell me, I implore!"
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -- prophet still, if bird of devil!
By that Heaven that bends above us -- by that God we both adore-Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,
It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore -Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore."
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
"Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked, upstarting -"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore!
Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
Leave my loneliness unbroken! -- quit the bust above my door!
Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor,
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted -- nevermore!

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Vajka se Stanislav Vinaver:

Kako da izbegnemo da ne proe vreme, koje je potrebno da bismo najpre odgonetnuli
poziv, nama upuen. Dok mi rastumaimo are i svirke, zvuke i znaenja, nama kroz
umetnost dobaene spusti se sumrak jednog vaseljenskog dockan. Dockan!...