Phn II: Bi tp

Bi 1: trnh by cc dng phn cc ca sng v tuyn in.

Tr li:
Cc dng phn cc ca sng v tuyn in gm c 3 dng phn cc:
1. Dng phn cc thng:
Hu ht truyn dn v tuyn s dng phn cc tuyn tnh, trong phn cc
ng c gi l phn cc trong trng in vung gc vi mt t v phn
cc ngang c gi l phn cc trong trng in song song vi mt t.
Gi thuyt rng phng ngang v phng ng c coi l trc x v y (hnh1).
Ti im no trong khng gian, vector trng ca sng c biu th bi
cc thnh phn thng ng v nm ngang nh sau:

E y =
a y E y sint

E x =
a x E x sint

Trong :
ay

: l vector n v trong phng ng.

ax

: l vector n v trong phng ngang.

Ey

: l gi tr nh hay bin ca trng in trong phng

Ex

: l gi tr nh hay bin ca trng in trong phng

ng.

ngang.
Khi trng tng s l vector E hp vi trc ngang mt gc c xc nh
nh sau:
=arctang

Ey
Ex

Trong trng hp ny ta thy vector

khng bin i. di ca vector

thay i theo thi gian nhng u mt cu vector lun nm trn ng thng c nh

trng vi phng ca gc nghing (hnh 2). l hin tng phn cc ng thng
0

cu sng in t. Khi =0 ta c sng phn cc ngang, lc ny vector E lun song

0
song vi mt t. Khi =90 ta c sng phn cc ng, vector

lun vung gc

vi mt t.
2. Dng phn cc trn:
3. Dng phn cc elip:
Bi 6: mt tri c cng sut bc x theo mi hng khong 3,85.10 20 W, khong cch nh
nht t qu t n mt tri l: 147.098.090 Km (vo thng ging) v ln nht l:
152.097.650 Km.
Tnh:
-

Mt cng sut bc x cc tiu v cc i ca mt tri ln qu t?

Mt cng sut bc x mt tri khong cch trung bnh v t l phn
trm sai s ca bc x cc i v cc tiu so vi gi tr trung bnh?

Bi gii:
Mt cng sut bc x cc tiu ca mt tri ln qu t l ( ti v tr xa nht th
c mt b nht):
Ta c:
S min =

PT
2

4 r max

3,85. 1020
3 W
=1,325. 10
3 2
2
4 (152097650.10 )
m

( )

Tng t:
Mt cng sut bc x cc tiu ca mt tri ln qu t l:
20

3,85.10
W
4 r m =
=1,416.103 2
3 2
4 (147098090. 10 )
m
P
Smax = T
2

( )

Khong cch trung bnh t qu t n mt tri l:

r tb =

r max +r min 147098090.103 +152097650.10 3

=
=149597870. 103 ( m )
2
2

Vy Mt cng sut bc x mt tri khong cch trung bnh l:

S tb =

PT
4 r 2tb

3,85.1020
3 W
=1,370.10
3 2
4 (149597870.10 )
m2

( )

T l phn trm sai s ca bc x cc i v cc tiu so vi gi tr trung bnh l:

nmin =

|1,325.1031,370.103|
1,370. 103

nmax =

.100=3,28

|1,416.103 1,370.103|
1,370. 103

.100=3,36

Bi 7: Mt my pht c cng sut 3 W, anten pht c h s khuch i l 30

dBi(isotropic). c ly 40 Km c t anten thu c din tch hiu dng l 3,5 m 2 hiu sut
lm vic 100%. Tnh cng sut sng mang nhn c anten thu.
a)
b)
c)
d)

0,164.10-5
0,164.10-4
0,154.10-5
0,154.10-4

Bi gii:
G =30 dBi
Ta c: | T|dB
|G T|dB

Vy

|GT|l n=10

10

=103 ( l n )

Mt cng sut bc x ca anten pht c xc nh theo cng thc:

PT GT

3. 103
W
S=
=
=1,493 .107 2
2
3 2
4 r 4 ( 40. 10 )
m

( )

Cng sut sng mang nhn c anten thu l:

PR =S . A h=1,493 .10 .3,5=5,225. 10 (W )

Bi 8: Xc nh cng sut my pht cn thit thc hin tuyn thng tin c cc iu

kin: C ly thng tin 50 Km, tn s cng tc 2 Ghz, h s khuch i ca anten thu v
anten pht l 30 dBi, cng sut anten thu nhn c l 10-6 W.
a)
b)
c)
d)

1,63 W
2,63 W
3,63 W
4,63 W

Bi gii:
Ta c: Tn s cng tc 2 Ghz th:
C 3. 108
1
= =
=1,5. 10 =0,15 ( m )
9
f 2. 10

|GR|dB=30 dBi +2,14

|GR|dB

Vy

|GR|l n =10

10

=103,214 ( l n )

G R 2 0,15. 103,214
2
A h=
=
=2, 9 32 ( m )
4
4.3,14

Cng sut anten thu c l:

PR =S . A h
PT G T
S=
Vi:
4 r2

PR =

PTGTGR

( 4 r )

P R ( 4 r )

3 2

10 . ( 4 50.10 )
PT =
= 3,214 3,214
=0.52W
2
GT G R
10 .10
( 0,15 )2

Bi 9: Mt my pht c cng sut 50 W. Biu din cng sut sang n v dBm v dBW?
a)
b)
c)
d)

15 dBW v 45 dBm
16 dBW v 46 dBm
17 dBW v 47 dBm
18 dBW v 48 dBm

Bi gii:
Cng sut pht c tnh theo dBW l:

|PT|dB=10 log |PT|=10 log 50=17 ( dBW )

P
= P + 30 hay 50 W =50.000 mW
Ta c: | T|dBm | T|dB
P
=17+30=47 ( dBm )
Vy: | T|dBm
3

Hay: |PT|dBm=10 log 50.000=10 log 50+10 log 10 =17+30=47 ( dBm )

Vy chn: c) 17 dBW v 47 dBm

Bi 10: Cng sut bi 9 c cung cp cho anten v hng lm vic vi sng mang c
tn s 900 Mhz, tm cng sut thu (tnh theo dB) ti im cch anten pht mt khong 10
Km. Gi s anten thu c h s khuch i l 2 v sng truyn trong khng gian t do.
a)
b)
c)
d)

-45,5 dBm
-51,5 dBm
-55,5 dBm
-61,5 dBm

Bi gii:
T tn s sng mang ta c:

C
3.108
1
= =
= ( m)
f 900.106 3

PTGTGR

50.2

=7,04.1010 ( W )

PR =

|PR|dBm=10 log PR + 30=10 log ( 7,04.1010) + 30=61,5 ( dBm )

( 4 r )

4 2

9 . ( 4 .10 )

Vy chn p n d) -61,5 dBm.

Bi 11: S liu nh bi 9 v 10 tnh bin cng in trng hiu dng ti im t

anten thu.
a)
b)
c)
d)

2,9 mV/m
3,9 mV/m
4,9 mV/m
5,9 mV/m

Bi 12: Tnh tn hao khi truyn sng trong khng gian t do (theo n v dB) bit c ly
truyn sng 50 Km, tn s cng tc 2 Ghz vi anten v hng.
a)
b)
c)
d)

132,5 dB
135,5 dB
142,5 dB
145,5 dB

Bi gii:
Tn hao khi truyn sng trong khng gian t do l:
L=

( 4. .r )2
(s l n)
GT GR 2

Trong trng hp khng c tc ng hng tnh ca ngun th

GT =1,G R=1,

tn hao truyn sng trong khng gian t do c tnh theo cng thc:
L0 =

4. . r 2 4. . r . f 2 4.3,14 .50 . 103 .2 .10 9

=
=
=1,753. 1013 ( s l n )
8

C
3.10

) (

) (

|L0|dB =10 log L0 =10 log ( 1,753.1013 )=132,438 ( dB )

khi

Vy ta chn p n a) 132,5 (dB).

Bi 13: S liu nh bi 12 nu c 2 anten c h s khuch i l 30 dBi th tn hao l bao
nhiu?
a)
b)
c)
d)

72,5 dB
75,5 dB
82,5 dB
85,5 dB

Bi gii:
Vi c 2 anten c h s khuch i l 30 dBi th tn hao khi truyn sng trong khng gian
t do l:
L=

L0
( 4. .r )2
=
(s l n)
2
G T G R G T GR

|L|dB =10 log L0 10 log GT 10 log GR

|L|dB =|L0|dB10 logGT 10 log GR =|L0|dB |GT|dBi|G R|dBi

|L|dB =132.5 ( dB )30 ( dBi )30 ( dBi )=72.5 ( dB )

Vy ta chn p n a) 75.2 (dB).

Bi 14: Mt ngun v hng c cng sut bc x 100 W. Mi trng truyn sng l
khng gian t do. Hy xc nh:
-

Mt cng sut ti im cch xa ngun 1000 m.

a) 6,96

mW
m2

b) 6,96

W
m2

c) 7,96

mW
m2

d) 7,96

W
m2

Mt cng sut ti im cch xa ngun 20 Km.

a) 19,9

pW
2
m

b) 19,9

W
m2

c) 20,9

pW
m2

d) 20,9

W
m2

Bi gii:
Theo bi ta c

PT =100W

, mi trng truyn sng l khng gian t do:

a) Mt cng sut ti im cch xa ngun 1000 m l:

S a=

PT
4 .r

2
a

100
6 W
=7,96.10
2
4.3,14 . 1000
m2

( )

Vy ta chn p n d) 7,96

W
m2

b) Mt cng sut ti im cch xa ngun 20 Km l:

Tng t:
S b=

PT
4 .r

2
b

100
9 W
=19,9.10
2
4.3,14 . 20000
m2

Vy ta chn n a) 19,9

( )

pW
m2

Bi 15: Xc nh cng in trng hiu dng ti im thu vi cc gi thit cho trong

bi 13.
a) 44,7 mV/m v 1,74 mV/m
b) 44,7 mV/m v 2,74 mV/m

c) 54,7 mV/m v 1,74 mV/m

d) 54,7 mV/m v 2,74 mV/m
Bi gii:
Xc nh cng in trng hiu dng ti im thu l:
Ta c: Eh=

30 P T GT
r

PT =L. PR =

Vi

Bi 16: Xc nh mt cng sut ti im cch anten 30 Km ca mt anten c cng sut

bc x 5 W v h s khuch i cu anten l 40 dBi.
a) 4,42

pW
m2

b) 4,42

W
m2

c) 5,42

pW
m2

d) 5,42

W
m2

Bi gii:
Vi anten c h s khuch i 40dBi th:
|GR|dB

|GR|l n =10

10

=104 ( l n )

Mt cng sut bc x ti im cch anten 30 Km l:

S=

PT G T
4r

=
2

5.10
W
=4,42.106 2
2
4.3,14 .30000
m

Vy ta chn p n b) 4,42

( )

W
m2 .

Bi 17: Mt anten pht c h s khuch i 30 dBi, hiu sut lm vic 60%. c cng
in trng hiu dng ti im thu cch anten pht 100 Km bng 3,46 mV/m th cn
phi a vo anten cng sut bao nhiu? Vi iu kin sng truyn trong khng gian t
do.
a)
b)
c)
d)

3W
3,5 W
4W
5W

Bi gii: