B thu quang

Mch thu quang (DD): . Ngun thu quang: chuyn i O/E . B tin khuych i: chuyn i I/V v khuych i, m bo nhiu thp. . B cn bng: kt hp vi tin khuych i m bo bng tn b thu . B khuych i: khuych i v gi n nh tn hiu in u ra . B lc: hn ch bt nhiu, loi b cc thnh phn tn s khng mun . Mch quyt nh: Ti sinh tn hiu s B thu quang p ng: . Qu trnh thu tn hiu quang: hp th nng lng photon . i vi vt liu bn dn: nng lng photon ln hv >= Eg => photon b hp th => sinh ra cp e - h t do. . Di tc ng ca in trng t vo => cc in t v l trng b qut ra mch ngoi sinh ra dng in. B thu quang p ng: . Dng quang in t l trc tip vi cng sut quang vo

Trong : R - p ng ( nhy) ca ngun thu (n v: A/W) . Hiu sut lng t:

. p ng:

=> Hiu sut chuyn i O/E. R tng theo bc sng.

 p ng:

B thu quang Diode thu quang p-n: . Cu trc: tip gip p-n phn cc ngc ? vng ngho . Khi khng c nh sng chiu vo ? khng c dng B thu quang Diode thu quang p-n: . Khi c nh sng chiu vo ? sinh ra cp e-h nh hp th ? Di tc ng ca in trng ngoi: e dch chuyn v pha n, h dch chuyn v pha p ? to dng chy mch ngoi (dng quang in) . Cc ht ti sinh ra trong vng ngho (vng tp trung in trng ln) tri nhanh chng v pha n hoc p. . Cc ht ti sinh ra ngoi vng ngho: - Cc in t sinh ra trong vng p phi khuych tn ti bin vng ngho trc khi tri v pha n. - Cc l trng sinh ra trong vng n phi khuych tn ti bin vng ngho trc khi tri v pha p. B thu quang Diode thu quang pin: . Cu trc: gm 3 lp, lp i c xen gia lp p v n . Lp i c in tr cao => hu ht in p ri trn vng ny => thnh phn tri >> thnh phn khuych tn. . rng W c quyt nh bi dy lp i

. Si, Ge: W ~ 20-50 . InGaAs: W ~ 3-5

m => m =>

> 200 ps ~ 10 ps ? B ~ 10 GHz ( >> )

. Nng cao tnh nng ca PIN: - Cu trc d th kp => loi b dng khuych tn - Hp cng hng F-P => tng hiu sut lng t - S dng ng dn sng quang ? tng hiu sut lng t, gim in dung k sinh v in tr ni ni tip.

B thu quang Diode thu quang APD: . Cu trc: gm 4 lp, b xung thm 1 lp p gia lp i v n+.

. in trng cao vng tip gip p-n+ => Vng nhn . Hot ng: - Hp th ch yu ti vng i - Cc e tri qua i ti vng p-n+ => Xy ra qu trnh nhn ht ti (qu trnh ion ho do va chm) . Qu trnh ion ho do va chm: Vng nhn tn ti in trng ln (cng trng > 3x105 V/cm) => gia tc cho ht ti c c nng lng ln => sinh ra e-h mi do va chm

. Tc sinh ht ti mi c c trng bi cc h s ion ho do va chm

. Nng cao tnh nng ca APD: - Cu trc vng nhn v hp th tch ri (SAM) - Cu trc vng nhn, gim dn v hp th tch ri (SAGM) - Cu trc siu mng

Nhiu trong b thu quang: . Nguyn nhn: qu trnh lng t ho in tch thnh cc ht q hoc tng ng vi qu trnh lng t ho nng lng nh sng thnh cc photon. - Nhiu n: Nhiu trong b thu quang: - Nhiu n:. i vi PIN: dng sinh ra t PD gm 3 thnh phn I = Ip + Ib + Id Trong : Ip - dng quang in sinh ra do nh sng ti Ib - dng do qu trnh bc x nn Id - dng ti sinh ra khi khng c bc x nh sng i vo, do nhit lp tip gip v dng d b mt v cc khuyt tt. . i vi APD: qu trnh nhn thc cng ng gp nhiu

Trong : FA - h s nhiu tri, l hm ca M v ph thuc vo vt liu, dng cng trng E v tc ion ho ca cc ht ti Nhiu trong b thu quang: - Nhiu nhit: . B thu quang cha nhiu thnh phn in khc nhau => b xung nhiu nhit. . Nhiu b khuych i: ch yu nhiu nhit, lng nhiu b xung ph thuc vo kiu b tin khuych i v b khuych i s dng. . Nhiu nhit cc b khuych i khc nhau c c trng qua i lng Fn - hnh nh nhiu b khuych i

H s Fn c trng cho s tng cng nhiu nhit bi cc in tr khc nhau c s dng trong cc b tin khuych i v b khuych i chnh.

Nhiu trong b thu quang: - Nhiu tng: . Dng nhiu tng: cng cc ng gp ca nhiu n v nhiu nhit. . V is(t) v iT(t) l qu trnh ngu nhin c lp thng k gn ng dng Gauss. . Phng sai dng tng:

T s tn hiu/ nhiu:
. T s SNR c trng cho cht lng ca b thu quang:

. i vi cc b thu s dng PIN:

Trong : p ng

. Gii hn bi nhiu nhit

):

. Gii hn bi nhiu n (

): khi cng sut quang ln

. i vi cc b thu s dng APD:

. Gii hn bi nhiu nhit

):

. Gii hn bi nhiu n (

): khi cng sut quang ln

. khuych i ti u ca APD: ti SNR t cc i

T s li bit:
. Tnh nng b thu c c trng bi nhy b thu . B thu c nhy cao hn l b thu i hi cng sut quang thu nh hn nhng vn m bo tnh nng yu cu. . i vi h thng s: tnh nng th hin qua t s li bt (BER) - xc sut li (nhn sai bt) ti mch quyt nh b thu.

. Tn hiu u vo mch quyt nh c gi tr c ly mu thng ging quanh gi tr trung bnh I1 hoc I0. I1 - Dng trung bnh tng ng vi bit 1 I0 - Dng trung bnh tng ng vi bit 0

. Mch quyt nh so snh gi tr mu vi gi tr ngng ID - Quyt nh l bit 1 nu I > ID - Quyt nh l bit 0 nu I < ID . i vi bit 1, li xy ra nu I < ID . i vi bit 0, li xy ra nu I > ID . Xc sut li:

Trong : p(1), p(0) - xc sut thu cc bit 1 v 0 P(0/1) - xc sut quyt nh bit 0 khi thu bit 1 P(1/0) - xc sut quyt nh bit 1 khi thu bit 0 . Khi cc bit 1 & 0 c xc sut xut hin nh nhau:

Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ Chn tuyn Xc nh tc bt ca h thng Tnh ton chiu di on lp Chn cu hnh mng v c ch bo v La chn thit b Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ Chn tuyn: Sau khi tuyn c ch nh i qua cc im (cc trm) c yu cu thng tin lin lc, tin hnh xc nh v tr c th ca tuyn ni gia cc trm. Phi kho st a hnh thc t v cn c vo nguyn tc c bn sau y chn tuyn. - Tuyn cng thng th cng tit kim c cp v thi gian thi cng cng c rt ngn. - Tuyn i gn ng giao thng thun tin cho vic thi cng v bo dng tuyn. - Tuyn t vt qua m ly, ao h, iu, i ni (nhng im gy kh khn, tr ngi cho vic o rnh cp hoc lp t tuyn cp). - Khi cp vt sng nn chn phng n i theo cu. Nu khng c cu phi chn v tr b sng n nh

v tc dng chy chm. - Phi bit c quy hoch tng th pht trin cc vng th trnh i qua cc cng trnh s xy dng trong tng lai. Khi s b xc nh c v tr tuyn, phi tin hnh lm cc th tc: xin giy php cc c quan chc nng v cc a phng ni tuyn i qua, o c bit chiu di thc t ca on ni gia hai trm ghp v phi cm cc mc nh du tuyn. ng thi cn lp k hoch n b hoa mu, cy ci b h hng do thi cng gy ra. Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ Xc nh tc bt ca h thng: - Tc bt ca tuyn thng tin quang ph thuc vo lu lng kt ni gia cc tng i. Phi cn c vo lu lng gia cc tng i tnh s lng cc lung E1 yu cu ca mt trm kt ni ti cc trm khc trong tuyn v trong mng. Lu lng ca cc tng i c xc nh trong mt giai on c th theo phng php d bo v khng thuc phm vi ca phn thit k tuyn thng tin quang. S liu ny xem nh c cc nh hoch nh mng tng i hoc cc c quan c thm quyn cung cp Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ Tnh ton chiu di on lp: Chiu di on ph thuc vo loi thit b quang v si quang s dng trong mng. Chn thit b quang ca nh cung cp no, nhn c thng tin: ? hot ng ca LD, rng ph (??), mc pht PS v mc thu PR. y l cc tham s cn cho tnh ton. Chn cp ca nh cung cp no, bit c h s suy hao (af) v h s tn sc (D) ca si ti bc sng tnh ton. Cp si quang SM ti u tn sc ti 1300 nm, c a = 0,38 dB/km v D = 3,5 ps/nm?km (?= 1300 nm) v D = 20 ps/nm?km (?= 1550 nm). - Chiu di on khng sdng KQ c tnh theo qu cng sut v tnh theo qu thi gian tng ca xung. (Nu l si SSM v ti ?= 1300 nm ch cn tnh ton theo qu cng sut v kim tra li theo qu thi gian. Nu ti ?= 1550 nm th phi tnh theo qu suy hao v qu thi gian). Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ Tnh ton chiu di on lp: - Chiu di ln nht cho php ca on c xc nh nh sau: PS(dBm) - PR(dBm) = af (dB/km)? Lmax(km)+ aSP(dB) + aRE(dB) (5.1) Trong : PS - Cng sut pht (ti S) (c cc nh cung cp thit b tnh n suy hao ca connector pht) PR - cng sut thu (ti R) ( tnh n suy hao ca connector thu). aSP - tng suy hao cc mi hn trong on. S mi hn tuz thuc chiu di mi on v c tnh gn ng: (lC - chiu di cun cp, nu lC khng phi l bi s nguyn ca 60 th 60/lC c lm trn v pha tng). aRE - suy hao d phng (t 5 - 8 dB cho mi on: 3 dB d phng thit b v 5 dB d phng cho si quang). (1) Tnh theo qu suy hao: Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ

Tnh ton chiu di on lp: Th d1: Ngun quang SLM c PS = - 2 dBm, ?? = 1 nm hot ng ti 1310 nm, APD c PR= - 30 dBm, cp si quang n mode c af = 0,38 dB/km ti ?=1310 nm v lC= 3 km. Xc nh chiu di on. Gii: S mi hn trong on: n = (60 / 3) - 1 = 19 Tng suy hao cc mi hn: 0,10 dB? 19 = 1,9 dB T biu thc (3) vit c: Lmax= (- 2+ 30 - 1,9 - 8)/ 0,38 = 47,6 km (1) Tnh theo qu suy hao: Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ Tnh ton chiu di on lp: - Mc ch l kim tra tn sc ca si quang, thi gian tng sn xung ngun pht v PD c m bo c bng tn ca h thng hay khng. - Thi gian tng sn xung ca ngun pht v diode tch quang l thi gian sn xung tng t 10?90 % bin cc i ca xung ti u ra. Qu thi gian tng ca h thng: t2HT = t2LD+ t2PD+ t2fb (5.2) Trong : tLD - thi gian tng sn xung ca ngun pht tPD - thi gian tng sn xung ca diode tch quang tfb - thi gian tng sn xung do nh hng tn sc l tn sc tng ca si n mode. DT(ps)= D(ps/nm.km)???(nm)? Lmax(km). (5.3) - m bo truyn tn hiu s c tc bt (BR): tHT ? ttn hiu. . i vi tn hiu NRZ: tNRZ (ns) = 0,70/ BRNRZ (Gbit/s) (5.4) . i vi tn hiu RZ : tRZ (ns) = 0,35/ BRRZ(Gbit/s) (5.5) Yu cu: tHT ? tNRZ hoc tHT ? tRZ (1) Tnh theo qu qu thi gian tng ca xung: Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ Tnh ton chiu di on lp: Th d 2: Kim tra thi gian tng ca h thng s dng si quang, PD v LD nh th d 1. Thi gian tng ca LD l 0,1 ns, ca PD l 0,2 ns. Tn hiu truyn qua h thng l STM-16, m NRZ. Gii: Thi gian tng ca tn hiu: tNRZ = 0,7/ 2,5 = 0,28 ns Tn sc tng ca h thng: DT= 3,5? 1,0 ? 47,6 = 166,6 ps = 0,1666 ns Thi gian tng ca h thng: t2HT = (0,1)2+ (0,2)2 + (0,1666)2 = 0,0777 tHT= 0,278 ns < t NRZ= 0,28 ns. (chiu di tnh theo qu cng sut tho mn c k qu thi gian tng). (1) Tnh theo qu qu thi gian tng ca xung: Gii thiu chung v thit k tuyn ttQ Chn cu hnh mng v c ch bo v: Tuz thuc v tr cc trm trong mng m ch