ADDITIONAL MATHEMATHICS

CAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

NOTES:
1

General Form

Determining of roots ( )
Factorization

Completing the square;

Formula

Forming of quadratic equations

Factorization

Types of roots
Two different real roots
Two equal real roots
No real roots

EXAMPLES
Example 1
Solve

x 2+ 4 x +3=0

by method of

(a) Factorization

(b)completing the square

(c) Formula

Solution
2
(a) x + 4 x +3=0

( x+ 3 )( x +1 )=0
x+ 3=0x+ 1=0

x=3x=1
2

x + 4 x +3=0

(b)

4 2 4 2

+3=0
2
2

() ()

x 2+ 4 x +

4 2 4 2

+3=0
2
2

( ) ()
x+

( x+ 2 )24 +3=0
( x+2 )21=0
( x+ 2 )2=1
( x+ 2)= 1

x+2=1x +2=1
x=1x=3
2
(c) x + 4 x +3=0

a=1,b=4 , c=3
x=

b b24 ac
2a

x=

4 424 (1)(3)
2(1)

x=

4 1612
2

x=

4 4
2

x=

4 2
2

x=

4+2
42
x=
2
2

x=

2
6
x=
2
2

x=1x=3

Example 2
The quadratic equation

h
a
x 2+ x+ =0
6
6

has roots

and

(a) the value of a

(b) the values of h given that

4 +1=2 2

Solution
(a)
Equations:
a
2 h
x + x+ =0
6
6
Sum of Roots
(S.O.R)

h
6

roots:

Product of Roots
(P.O.R)

a
6

2 +1

a
(a) 6 =1

1
. Find

a=6
4

(b) +1=2
4

2 + 1=0
assume

x= 2

x 22 x +1=0

( x1 ) ( x 1 )=0
x=1
2

=1
=1=1

From table
h 2+ 1
=
6

=1

When
h 12 +1
=
6
1
h=1 2

When

=1
2

h (1) + 1
=
6
1

h=12

Example 3
Given the quadratic equation
range of values of

m .

( 2 m2+1 ) x 2+ 2m x=3 mx+ 4 has no roots. Find the

Solution

( 2 m2+1 ) x 2=3 mx+ 4

( 2 m2+1 ) x 23 mx+2 mx4=0
( 2 m2+1 ) x 2mx4=0
a=( 2 m2 +1 ) , b=m, c=4
No real roots

b24 ac <0

(m)24 ( 2 m2 +1 ) (4 ) <0
9 m216<0

Example 4
Prove that the roots of the equation
If

0<q <1

EXERCISES

( 1q ) x 2 + x+ q=0

are real and negative