WRITING COMPOUND SENTENCES

A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences (independent clauses). A clause is a group of words that
contains a subject and a verb.
One way to form a compound sentence is by joining two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction preceded by
comma.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
and
but

for
nor

or
so

yet

Coordinating conjunctions join ideas of equal importance. Different coordinating conjunctions have different meanings:
If you want to indicate addition, use and
He acts like a child, and people think he is cute

If you want to indicate contrast or contradiction, use but or yet

He acts like a child, but he is an adult.

He acts like a child, yet he longs to be taken seriously.

If you want to indicate a cause-and-effect relationship, use so or for.

He acts like a child, so we treat him like one.

He acts like a child, for he craves attention.

If you want to present alternatives, use or.

He acts like a child, or he is ignored.

If you want to eliminate alternatives, use nor.

He does not act like a child, nor does he look like one.
WHEN YOU USE A COORDINATING CONJUNCTION TO LINK TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES INTO A
SINGLE COMPOUND SENTENCE, ALWAYS PUT A COMMA BEFORE THE COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION.
Forming Compound Sentences with Conjunctive Adverbs
and Transitional Expressions
Another way to combine two independent clauses onto one compound sentence is with a conjunctive adverb or transitional
expression. When you use a conjunctive adverb to join two independent clauses, a semicolon always comes before the
conjunctive adverb, and a comma always comes after it.
Some college students receive grants; however, others must take out loans.
Frequently Used Conjunctive Adverbs
also
besides
consequently
eventually

finally
furthermore
however
instead
later

meanwhile
moreover
nevertheless
now
otherwise

still
subsequently
then
therefore
thus

Adding a conjunctive adverb makes the connection between ideas in a sentence clearer and more precise than it would be if
the ideas were linked with just a semicolon. Different conjunctive adverbs convey different meanings:

Some conjunctive adverbs signal addition (also, besides, furthermore, moreover).

I have a lot in my mind; also, I have a lot of things to do.

Some conjunctive adverbs make causal connections (therefore, consequently, thus).

I have a lot in my mind; therefore, it is hard to concentrate.

Some conjunctive adverbs indicate contradiction or contrast (nevertheless, however, still).

I have a lot in my mind; still, I must try to relax.

Some conjunctive adverbs present alternatives (instead, otherwise).
I have a lot in my mind; otherwise, I could relax.
I will try not to think; instead, I will relax.

Some conjunctive adverbs indicate time sequence (eventually, finally, later, meanwhile, now, subsequently, then).

I have a lot in my mind; meanwhile, I still have work to do.

Like conjunctive adverbs, transitional expressions can also link two independent clauses into one compound sentence.
He had a miserable time at the party; in addition, he drank too much.
The transitional expression is preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma.
FREQUENTLY USED TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
after all
as a result
at the same time
for example

for instance
in addition
in comparison
in contrast

in fact
in other words
of course
on the contrary

http://www.tccd.edu/uploadedfiles/employees/2337/courses/Grammar.%20Lecture%202.doc

Transitional expressions = link words

To be completed
1. ENUMERATIVE
Introduces the order in which points are to be
made or the time sequence in which actions or
processes took place

First(ly) / to begin with, second(ly), third(ly), next, then, finally / last(ly) /

in the end

2. ADDITIVE
2.1 Reinforcing
Introduces a reinforcement or confirmation of
what has preceded

Again, then again, also, moreover, furthermore, in addition, above all, what
is more

2.2 Similarity
Introduces a statement of similarity with what has
preceded

Equally, likewise, similarly, in the same way

2.3 Transition
introduces a new stage in the sequence of
presentation of information
3. LOGICAL SEQUENCE
3.1 Summative
Introduces a summary of what preceded
3.2 Resultative
Introduces an expression of the result or
consequence of what preceded

Dans un premier temps = first

Now, well, incidentally

So, so far, altogether, then, thus, in short, to sum up, to conclude

So, as a result, consequently, hence, now, therefore, thus, as a consequence

4. EXPLICATIVE
Introduces an illustration or example of what
preceded

Namely / i.e, in other words, that is to say

5. ILLUSTRATIVE
Introduces an illustration or example of what
preceded

For example, for instance, e.g.

6. CONTRASTIVE
6.1 Replacive
Introduces an alternative to what preceded

Alternately, (or) again, (or) rather, but then

6.2 Antithetic
Introduces information in opposition to what
preceded
6.3 Concessive
Introduces information which is unexpected in
view of what preceded

On the one hand / on the other hand, conversely, instead, on the contrary,
by contrast
Anyway, anyhow, nevertheless, nonetheless, although, in spite of / despite

7. RESTRICTIVE
7.1 To oppose 2 things of the same kind

Although

7.2 To express contradiction in a logical order

Whereas
A major source of mistakes: ALTHOUGH WHEREAS
See online Grammar Data Base n 10

http://www.scelva.univ-rennes1.fr/langues/anglais/flopsy/b/Explications/linkWords.doc
LES EXPRESSIONS IDIOMATIQUES POUR LA CLASSE DAP
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.

il sagit de
tout coup
suivre un cours
au premier abord
tre en retour
en plein air
tre daccord avec
tre au courant
avoir de la chance
se servir de
se fcher contre
tout fait
perdre son temps
faillir (+ verbe)
sauter sur loccasion
avoir besoin de
tre en train de
faire la queue
sappuyer sur
assister
ne faire que
faire la sourde oreille
jouir de
se douter que
gaspiller son argent
sintresser
se marier avec
se mettre en colre
se mettre quelquun au courant que
faire venir
se plaindre de
quant
se garder de
avoir lair de
avoir beau (+ verbe)
avoir tort
vouloir dire
avoir raison
passer une heure ( lire)
tout de suite
ne pas tre dans son assiette
tu me manques
se dbarrasser de
partir de ce jour
aller bien

it is about
suddenly
to take a class
at first sight
to be back
outdoors
to agree with
to be informed
to be lucky
to use
to get mad at
entirely
to waste ones time
to almost do something
to jump at the opportunity
to need
to be in the act of
to stand in line
to lean on
to attend, to be present
to do nothing but
to turn a deaf ear
to enjoy
to suspect
to waste ones money
to be interested in
to marry
to get angry
to inform someone
to send for
to complain
as for
to keep oneself from
to seem
to do something in vain
to be wrong
to mean
to be right
to spend an hour reading
right away
to be under the weather
I miss you
to get rid of
from this day on
to be well

46. avoir envie de

47. se moquer de
48. se tromper
49. avoir de la peine (+ verbe)
50. sassurer que
51. avoir lieu
52. faire semblant de (= verbe)
53. aujourdhui en huit
54. venir de (+ infinitif)
55. tomber amoureux de
56. remercier de (+ verbe)
57. faire un tour
58. de bon coeur
59. se tirer daffaire
60. faire (+ infinitive)
61. se mettre (+ verbe)
62. quelque part
63. envoyer chercher
64. de nouveau
65. se passer
66. plusieurs reprises
67. faire de son mieux
68. se mler de
69. au fond de
70. tre reconnaissant que
71. en tout cas
72. faire de lauto-stop
73. de temps en temps
74. en vouloir
75. grace
76. avant tout
77. se fier (une personne)
78. tenir (+ verbe)
79. nulle part
80. pas du tout
81. dune partdautre part
82. peu prs
83. rendre visite (quelquun)
84. vouloir dire
85. tre fier de (+ personne/verbe)
86. avoir mal
87. se sauver de
88. faire peur
89. se demander si
90. fond
91. arriver (+ verbe)
92. faute de (+ nom)
93. se mfier de quelquun
94. encore une fois
95. se passer de
96. au sujet de (+ nom)
97. dpenser 50 francs
98. malgr / en dpit de
99. dormir la belle toile
100.en avoir assez de faire
101.boire un coup

to feel like
to make fun of
to be mistaken
to have difficulty with
to make sure that
to take place
to pretend
a week from today
to have just
to fall in love with
to thank for
to take a small walk
willingly
to get along, manage
to have something done
to begin
somewhere
to send for
again
to happen
repeatedly
to do ones best
to interfere
at the bottom of
to be grateful to
at any rate
to hitch-hike
from time to time
to hold a grudge against
thanks to
above all
to trust
to insist upon
nowhere
not at all
on one handon the other hand
about, nearly
to visit a person
to mean
to be proud
to have an ache
to run away
to frighten
to wonder if
thoroughly
to succeed in
for lack of
to mistrust
again
to do without
about, concerning
to spend fifty francs
in spite of
to sleep outdoors
to be fed up
to have a drink

102.rien du tout
103.entendre parler de
104.russir un examen
105.avoir de bonnes intentions
106.avoir lintention de (+ verbe)
107.dormir sur ses deux oreilles
108.changer davis
109.faire plaisir
110. avoir bonne mine
111. faire partie de
112. de bonne heure
113. de plus en plus
114. avoir chaud
115. faire la grasse matine
116. tre en vacances
117. il y a trois jours
118. avoir froid
119. se porter bien
120. propos de
121.une bonne fois pour toutes
122.tant pis
123.un succs fou
124.profiter
125.au lieu de
126.avoir piti de quelquun
127.sattendre
128. peine
129.brler un feu rouge
130.brler denvie de (+ verbe)
131.avoir le cafard
132.dun certain age
133. mi-chemin
134.cte cte
135.coter les yeux de la tte
136.crever de faim
137.passer une nuit blanche
138.donner un coup de main
139.donner un coup de fil
140.faire des conomies
141.entendre dire que
142.sentendre bien/mal
143.essayer de (+ verbe)
144.faire face
145.en panne
146.faire semblant de
147.nimporte (qui) (quand) (o)
148.du jour au lendemain
149.tre mort de fatigue
150.oser

nothing at all
to hear about
to pass a test
to mean well
to intend
to sleep soundly
to change ones mind
to please someone
to look well
to belong to
early
more and more
to be hot (person)
to sleep late
to be on vacation
three days ago
to be cold (person)
to be well
about, concerning
once and for all
too bad
a great success
to take advantage of
instead of
to pity someone
to expect
hardly
to run a red light
to be dying to do
to be down in the dumps
middle-aged
half-way
side by side
to cost an arm and a leg
to starve
to have a sleepless night
to help
to give a call
to put money aside
to hear that
to get along well/badly
to try to do something
to face up to
out of order
to make believe
anyone, anytime, anywhere, etc.
overnight
to be dead tired
to dare

http://curriculum.bsd405.org/personal/linderj/french4/Shared%20Documents/LES%20EXPRESSIONS%20IDIOMATIQUE
S%20POUR%20LA%20CLASSE%20D.doc

Transitional Expressions
Transitional expressions are used to connect sentences whose relationships may not be instantly clear to readers.
Transitionals also function to enhance coherence, development of ideas, and sentence variation (all of which are inherent
qualities of good writing).
To Add or show
sequence
again
also
and
and then
besides
equally important
finally
first
further
furthermore
in addition
in the first place
last
moreover
next
second
still
too

To Compare
also
in the same way
likewise
similarly

To contrast
although
and yet
but
but at the same time
despite
even so
even though
for all that
however
in contrast
in spite of
nevertheless
notwithstanding
on the contrary
on the other hand
regardless
still
though
yet

To repeat, summarize
or conclude
all in all
altogether
as has been said
in brief
in conclusion
in other words
in particular
in short
in simpler terms
in summary
on the whole
that is
therefore
to put it differently
to summarize
To show cause/effect
accordingly
as a result
because
consequently
for this purpose
hence
otherwise
since
then
therefore
thereupon
thus
to this end
with this object

To give examples
or intensify
after all
an illustration of
even
for example
for instance
indeed
in fact
it is true
of course
specifically
that is
to illustrate
truly
To indicate place
above
adjacent to
below
elsewhere
farther on
here
near
nearby
on the other side
opposite to
there
to the east
to the left

Punctuation of transitional expressions:

Usually set off by a comma or commas from the rest of the sentence.
However, she did not prove her argument.
College students, for example, suffer from self-inflicted sleep deprivation.

When a transitional links main clauses, precede it with a semicolon and follow it with a comma.

To indicate
time
after a while
afterward
as long as
as soon as
at last
at length
at that time
before
earlier
formerly
immediately
in the meantime
in the past
lately
later
meanwhile
now
presently
shortly
simultaneously
since
so far
soon
subsequently
then
thereafter
until
when

An American immigrant, Levi Strauss, invented blue jeans in the 1860s; eventually, his product clothed working men throughout the
West.
Blues jeans have become fashionable all over the world; however, the American originators still wear more jeans than anyone else.

The conjunctions and, but, and because sometimes used as transitionals, are not followed by commas.

Commas are not required after some transitionals when a pause is not intended, such as also, hence, next, now, and thus.
American workers thus put in more work days.
Source: The Little, Brown Handbook. 8th Ed. Addison-Wesley, 2001.
Hebert-111
http://community.tncc.edu/faculty/hebert/essay%20components/Transitional%20Expressions.doc
Transitions

LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
Similarity

TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSION
also, in the same way, just as ... so too,
likewise, similarly

Exception/Contrast

Sequence/Order
Time

but, however, in spite of, on the one hand ...

on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless,
notwithstanding, in contrast, on the contrary,
still, yet
first, second, third, ... next, then, finally
after, afterward, at last, before, currently,
during, earlier, immediately, later,
meanwhile, now, recently, simultaneously,
subsequently, then

Example

for example, for instance, namely,

specifically, to illustrate

Emphasis

even, indeed, in fact, of course, truly

Place/Position
Cause and Effect
Additional Support or Evidence

Conclusion/Summary

above, adjacent, below, beyond, here, in

front, in back, nearby, there
accordingly, consequently, hence, so,
therefore, thus
additionally, again, also, and, as well,
besides, equally important, further,
furthermore, in addition, moreover, then
finally, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, in
the end, in the final analysis, on the whole,
thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, in
summary

Copyright 1998, UNC-CH Writing Center | URL: http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb

WR-M-1 Organization--The writer creates unity and coherence to accomplish the focused purpose by: engaging the audience
and establishing a context for reading; placing ideas and support in a meaningful order; guiding the reader through the piece
with transitions and transitional elements; providing effective closure
http://eschool.rville.k12.ky.us/virtual/rms/bslack/wp-content/TransitionsChart.doc

Verbes idiomatiques:
tre (possession) N'y touche pas, c'est moi!
Appartenir N'y touche pas, a m'appartient!
En tre (quelque part) O en sommes-nous dans le livre?
S'en aller (de) J'en ai assez de vous, je m'en vais!
En avoir assez Il fait froid depuis des mois! J'en ai assez de cet hiver dtestable!
S'y prendre (bien, mal, comme un pied) Tu t'y prends mal pour duquer ton enfant! Il a besoin de discipline!
S'y connatre en Les tudiants de SIPA s'y connaissent en politique.
Penser (occuper ses penses avec) Je pense aux vacances tout le temps.
Penser de (avoir une opinion sur) Que penses-tu de mon nouveau manteau?
Penser + infinitif (avoir l'intention de) Je pense tudier le russe l'anne prochaine.
Manquer + nom Si je manque le bus, je prendrai un taxi.
Manquer qqun Vous manquez beaucoup vos parents; ils sont tristes sans vous.
Manquer de Ce plat manque de sel
Il manque qqch Il manque du sel dans ce plat. Il manque deux pices ce puzzle.
Que faites-vous, ou que dites vous, dans ces circonstances?
Travaillez en paires. Posez les questions tour de rle.
Utilisez les expressions idiomatiques de la leon dans les rponses aussi !
1.

Un inconnu veut manger votre sandwich la caftria. Que lui dites-vous?

2.

Dans votre chambre Columbia, qu'est-ce qui vous appartient? Qu'est-ce qui ne vous appartient pas?

3.

O en tes-vous de vos rvisions pour les examens de la semaine prochaine?

4.

Vous tes dans une soire trs ennuyeuse. Est-ce que vous restez jusqu'au bout?

5.

Quand vous en avez assez de travailler, que faites-vous?

6.

Comment vous y prenez-vous pour rester en forme?

7.

Est-ce que vous vous y connaissez en (votre choix)?

8.

A quoi pensez-vous le matin en vous rveillant?

9.

Que pensez-vous de la situation internationale?

10. Que pensez-vous tudier le semestre prochain?

11. Si vous manquez (= avoir F ou une autre mauvaise note) vos examens, que ferez-vous?
12. A qui est-ce que vous manquez, et qui est-ce qui vous manque?
13. Votre vie manque-t-elle de varit?

14. Est-ce qu'il manque quelque chose New York?

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/french/resources/1202/verbes%20idiomatiques%20avec%20y-en-%e0-de_grammaire-activit%e9_1202.doc

Verbes avec le verbe auxiliaire tre

au pass compos
Devenir
Revenir
&
Monter
Rester
Sortir
Venir
Arriver
Natre
Descendre
Entrer
Retourner
Tomber
Rentrer
Aller
Mourir
Partir
Passer

(w/o a direct object)

(w/o a direct object)

(w/o a direct object)

(w/o a direct object)
(w/o a direct object)

(w/o a direct object)

To the tune of Heigh-Ho from Snow White :

Aller, venir, en-n-trer, sortir
Monter, descendre, arriver, partir

Retourner, rester, tomber, mourir

Et natre
a-a-vec tre
le participe passe saccorde avec le sujet
http://oncampus.richmond.edu/~jbaker/documents/Dr.Mrs.Vandertrampp.doc