PHYSICS

)Lect (3

Capacitors

 Capacitors
:

 .
:
-1
-2
-3

. insulator.
.

A B

A B .

+
+
+
+
+
+

)(


B
B B
.

+
+
+
+
+
+

)(

) (q ) ( V
.
Q
= C
V
Q
= V
C

Q
r2

Q
r

1
4 o

= E

V
= E
r
V = E .r
1
=
4 o

r
C

C = 4 o r

 :
2

) = /(
1f = 10-6 f
1nf = 10-9 f
1pf = 10-12 f
:
1
2
3

S
Q . Q

Q
S

Q
S

.

.

dx

= E

= dx

E d
Q
o S

o
d

Q
= C
V



a
Q b
Q .


:

Q 1 1
= V V+ V

4 o a b
Q ba
=
4 o ab
ab
C = 4 o
ba

E dr

Vb Va =

Q
dr
2
r

4 o
b

1
a r 2 dr

Q
4 o

1
1

a
b

Q
4 o

=
=

 -

b. a

a<r<b

= Q/L

Er = 2 K e

 )(1
cm2 10 mm 1
V 1000

:
:
:

4
.A

10
10
12
12
C = o = 8.85 10
=

8.85
10
d
10 3

q = C.V = 8.8510-12103 = 8.8510-9 C

V/m

V 10 3
E = = 3 = 10 6
d 10

)(2
mm 1
) (A 1f , 1 pf , 1f
.A
C.d
:
o

A
=
= C
o
d
1 10 6 10 3
2
2
= A1
=
1.13

10
m
8.85 10 12
m2

m2

1 10 12 10 3
-4
=
= A2

1.13
10
8.85 10 12

1 10 3
8
=
=
1.13

10
8.85 10 12

A3


:
:
1
2

 :
:
1

):(3
)(b
) (a V 1200 ) (C .
C2
C1
b

4 F
C3
3 F

2 F

C3 , C2 :

C = C2 + C3 = 4 + 2 = 6 f

 C1

1 1 1 1 1
= +
= +
Co C C1 6 3
:
Q = 2 10-6 1200 = 2.4 10-3 C
Q C1
C2 , C3
3
Q 2.4 10
= Vab
=
= 800 V
6
C1
3 10

 ):(4

 :
dq
)(


.

V Q
Q=CV
V1
q =CV1 dq:
dW= V1 dq = (1/C) q dq

1
1 Q2
= W = q dq
C0
2 C

 U
Q

1
1 Q2
= U = q dq
C0
2 C
1
U = C V 2
2

Q
= V
C

S d
:
1
U = 0 S d E2
2

S
d

C =0

&

Q
S

U
1

= 0 E2
Sd 2

):(5
20 F 1000v 10F
100 v
.
:
:

q1= C1V1=2010-61000= 0.02 C

q2= C2V1=1010-6100= 0.001 C

1
1
2
U1 = C1 V1 + C2 V22
2
2
1
1
6
2
= 20 10 (1000) + 10 10 6 (100) 2 =10.05 J
2
2

C= C1+ C2= 30 F


q= q1 +q2= 0.021 C

1 q 2 1 (0.021) 2
= U2
=
= 7.35 J
6
2 C 2 30 10

:
V= q/C= (0.021)/(3010-6)= 700 v