Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NARRATIVE TEXT
1. Understanding
Narrative text is one of the English text that is included in the Reading
skill. So do not be surprised if it becomes one of the materials that are often
discussed in English class. Material narrative text also always in a test of
both the national exam, college entrance examination, or TOEFL. For that
on this occasion the IAC will provide materials on text.Narrative narrative
text also one kind of English text that aims to tell a story that has a series of
chronological events are interconnected.
2. Structure
Generic structure of narrative text focuses on a series of steps proposed to
build a story. In a narrative text that stage covering:
a. Orientation
in which the characters, setting, and story time are set. Usually answer
the question who? When? Where ? For example: Once upon a time, there
was a wolf lived in the forest.
b. Complication or problem
Telling the beginning of the problem that caused the crisis (climax).
Complication usually involves the main character.
c. Resolution
End of story can be a solution of the problem. The need for resolution
of the problem. The problem can be solved can be better or worse, happy
or sad. Sometimes there are several complications that must be solved.
This adds to the tension and maintain interest and for his readers.
d. Reorientation / Coda
a statement of the cover story and is optional. Can contain about moral
lessons, advice or instruction from the author.
3. Sample exercise
The Rats and The Elephants
Once upon a time Reviews their lived a group of mice under a tree in
peace. However, a group of elephants crossing the jungle unknowingly
destroyed the homes of all the rats. Many of them were even crushed to
death.
Then taking of rats Decided to approach the elephant's chief and request
him to guide his herd through another route. On hearing the sad story, the
elephant's king apologized and agreed to take another route. And so the lives
of the rats were saved.
One day elephant-hunters Came to the jungle and trapped a group of
elephants in huge nets. Then the elephant king Suddenly remembered the
king of the rats. He summoned on of the elephants of his herd, the which had
not been trapped, to go seek help from the king and of toll trapped him about
the elephants.
The rat's king Immediately took his entire group of rats and they cut open
the nets roomates had trapped the elephant's herd. The elephant herd was
totally set free. They danced with joy and thank the rats.
1. What type of text is the text above? It is ...
a. a narrative text
b. a description text
c. a recount text
d. an Anecdote text
e. an Expository text
2. What destroyed the homes of all rats?
a. a group of mice did
b. the hunter did
c. elephant-hunter did
d. a group of elephant did
e. elephant's herd
3. What helped the elephant's herd free?
a. the elephant-hunter did
b. the hunters did
c. the trapped elephants did
d. a group of king did
e. entire group of rats did
B. EXPLANASI
1. Understanding
Before discussing about the generic structure and characteristics of text
explanation and example, I'll start first with the definition of the explanation
text in English and Indonesian. "Explanation is a text roomates Tells
Relating to forming processes of natural, social, scientific and cultural
phenomenon". Explanation is a text that contains the processes associated
with natural phenomena, social, science, culture and more
2. Structure
a. General statements
on a general explanation of the phenomenon which will be discussed,
the phenomenon could be the introduction or explanation.
b. Squenced of explanation
contains an explanation why the process is the phenomenon could
occur or be created. A squenced of explanation in the form of answers to
the question 'why' and 'how' the authors when creating a text
Explanation. In squenced of explanation can consist of more than one
paragraph.
c. Closing
Actually closing it is not listed in the generic structure of the
Explanation text, but most people assume that the last paragraph of a text
Explanation is closing, but it is part of squenced of explantaion which
contains the final step described in section squenced of explanation.
3. Sample Problem
a. Human body is made up of Countless millions of cells. Food is needed
to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the
food that we take must be changed into substances that can be Carried
in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called
digestion.
b. The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is
broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a
juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva roomates Contain
digestive juices moisten the food, so it can be swallowed Easily.
c. From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food
passage) into stomach. Here, the food is
d. mixed with juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for Several
hours. Then the food Enters the small intestine. All time the muscular
walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the onwards.
e. In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed
by the villi (microscopic projections branch from the intestine walls)
and passed into the bloodstream.
C. DISCUSSION
1. Understanding
Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may
want to limit or space their children, or to have no children at all. Young
couples often postpone having children so that both partners can work fulltime. Other couples space their children so they can give each as much
attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctor to avoid
pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing
populations, the government encourages couples to limit the number of their
families.
Even thought birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the
practice is continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual
outside marriage or that government might impose birth control. Some
religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds.
Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are
immoral because they separate the purposes of intercourse in marriageconjugal love and the procreation of children. Although they oppose all
artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning to be acceptable.
1. Some religious groups refuse to use birth control because of moral
values.
a. home-made
b. man-made
c. natural
d. original
e. high quality
2. Paragraph two tells us about
a. the governments encouragement for happy family.
b. the reasons why a woman avoids to have baby.
c. the reasons why couples do birth control.
d. the postponement to having children.
e. the small and big families.
3. We learn from the text that
a. all couple want to limit their children.
b. most couples want to postpone giving birth.
c. people space children to give them less attention.
d. not everybody agrees with the birth control methods.
e. women avoid being pregnant because of economic problems
D. ANATIKAL explanation
1. Penegertian
Analytical Exposition is one form of argumentation text. English experts define
analytical exposition text as follows: "Analytical exposition is a text that
elaborates the writer's ideas about the phenomenon surrounding". If translated
into Indonesian language is an analytical exposition text is a text or texts which
describe the author's opinion about the phenomenon that is happening around
our own.To convince the reader that the topic presented is an important topic to
discuss or get attention by way of argument arguments or opinions that support
the main idea or topic.
2. Structure
a. thesis
Thesis in part, the author introduces ideas about the topic or subject that will be
discussed. Thesisselalu was in the first paragraph of Analytical Exposition Text.
b. argument
In this section the author presents arguments or opinions that support the main
idea of the author, usually in an Analytical Exposition Text there are more than
two arguments. More and more arguments that appear increasingly believe the
reader that the topics covered by the authors is a very important topic or need
attention
c. Reiteration
This section is the concluding part of an Analytical Exposition Text is always
located at the end of the paragraph. Reiteration contain the rewriting or
redeployment of the main ideas contained in the first paragraph. Reiteration is
also commonly called the conclusion or conclusions and sometimes advice.
3. Sample Problem
Global Warming
Everybody should change Reviews their way of life to reduce global
warming.There Several are things that we can do. One of them is by buying and
consuming fresh local groceries as much as possible. It of course includes local
vegetables, fruits, bread, etc.
Local groceries do not need much transportation to get it into the market. It of
course means, the amount of carbon dioxide produced is less than the groceries
from other region. Therefore, by buying local groceries we are helping reduce
the amount of carbon dioxide produced.
Consuming fresh groceries instead of frozen ones are Healthier for us.
Furthermore, fresh food or groceries means no requirements for it to be freeze
up. It means that no electricity is needed and saving energy means reducing
carbon dioxide and money. So, from now on we should consume fresh local
groceries to reduce global warming.
1. What is the type of the text?
a. Analytical exposition
b. hortatory exposition
c. Narrative text
Explanation: The answer is A, since the text contains a detailed idea about the
author of an event or events that are around. While the answers B and C was not
anything to do.
2. The main idea of the first paragraph is?
a. Several There are things that we can do
b. Change Reviews their way of life to reduce global warmingan
c. It of course includes local vegetables, fruits, bread, etc
Explanation: The answer is B, because the main idea is always the beginning of
the paragraph is not in the middle or at the end of the paragraph.
3. What kind of generic structure you will find in the text?
E. Procedures complex
1. Understanding
Text complex procedure itself is a text that contains the steps or stages to do a
good thing certain activities or to make something that was served with a certain
precedence. procedure text content related to how to create, perform, or operate
something sequentially (in regular steps from beginning to end). Sometimes the
procedure text also mentions a variety of materials or tools required.
2. Structure
Text procedure itself has three structures in formation. In this case the third such
structure is part of the purpose, portions of the material, and part of the steps. To
find an explanation of each of these structures you can see directly below.
a. Objectives section, the objective part of the text of the procedure can be the
title and also contains the purpose of making the text of the procedure or the end
result will be achieved if we perform the steps in the text of the procedure.
b. Part material, containing materials, equipment, or material that is required,
yet not all of the text contained the procedures of this section. In general, the
use of portions of the material contained in the text of the procedure on the
preparation of a case such as food and so on.
c. Part of steps, this section contains the steps that must be taken to obtain
results in accordance with the text of interest procedures. In this section, every
step must be performed in sequence should not be random in doing so.
3. Sample exercise
Making way Accounts In Bank
The bank account is an important access someone's savings in banks. Now
rekeing was desperately needed by many people. Here is how to open a bank
account with ease
First, set up the original identity card. This card must be the same region
with a bank to open an account. Otherwise, the bank will normally require a
statement from RT or village head for live testimony.
Then, prepare the base currency. each bank is different, for example, in 2011
the Bank requires admission fee of Rp 500,000, Rp 100,000 Muamalat only
entailed.
Then, go to the bank, and take the queue. If you do not queue up, then just to
the teller, do not take a queue number. Queue numbers for teller and to open a
different account, if confused, ask the security guard.
Just follow what is instructed officers. Usually it will be asked to choose the
type of savings, just choose according to our needs.
Finally, after the account is created, just wait until the active ATM can be
used for ATM transactions. If not active until the deadline long we can go to the
bank.
1. paragraph that use temporal conjunctions are ...
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 2,3,4,5
c. 2,3,4,6
d. 3,2,1,4
e. 1,2,3,4
2. The purpose of this procedure is the text ...
a. Shows how to close a bank account
b. Shows how to create an account at the bank
understanding
Analytical exposition text is a kind of text that belong to the type of
Argumentation Text where the text contains a detailed idea about the author of
an event or events that are around. Analytical Exposition Text is a text type that
we encounter in everyday reading, although not everyone knows that we bacaa
it actually is kind of this text. Analayitical exposition text is a kind of text that
contains the remarks on something nice objects, places, or events. Well, on
occasion, this time Media Learning English will discuss the analytical
exposition text. To my friend to know that the analytical exposition text is a text
argumentative text types, such as Text Hortatory Exposition. to convince the
reader that the topic is presented is an important topic to discuss or get attention
by providing arguments or opinions that support the main idea or topic.
2. Argument
In this section the author presents arguments or opinions that support the main
idea of the author of the text. Usually in an analytical exposition text there are
more than two arguments. The more arguments displayed, making the reader
believe that the topics covered by the authors is a very important topic or needs
attention.
3. Reiteration
This section is the concluding part of an analytical exposition text is always
located at the end of the paragraph. Reiteration contain the rewriting or
redeployment of the main ideas contained in the first paragraph. Reiteration is
also commonly called the conclusion or conclusions.
Problems example
Cars Should Be Banned In The City
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and
cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars
emit a deadly gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of
asthma. Some of these illness are so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars
commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are
our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep
at night, or concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone.
In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
a. to persuade reader about the Cars Should Be Banned In The City
b.
c.
d.
e.
City
b.
c.
d.
e.
Example (continued on cars above): This is my new car is the latest sports car
from Toyota. Number bench only two, one for the driver and one for
passengers, as well as the door. This car can be sped up to speeds of 500 km / h,
almost equal to the speed of Fokker plane manifold.
3.Contoh matter
On the banks of the Chao Phraya, Bangkok's "Waterway of Kings", lies an inn
that has Effectively set of new principles of neighborliness commended for this
city.
Set in tropical landscaped patio sublimely nurseries, the Shangri-La Bangkok
furnishes visitors with all the appeal and warmth of the orient and, in the
Meantime, unbeatable scope of offices and relaxation exercises.
There is a decision of 12 heavenly settings in the which to go out on the town, a
huge freestyle swimming pool that ignores the stream, convention and offices
for getting together to 2000 individuals, and a 24-hourbusiness
Furthermore, from each and every visitor room and suite, there is a stunning
perspective of all the extraordinary hurrying around of the mythical "Stream of
Kings".
and situated inn to be Miles far from the downtown area at the same time, at the
Shangri-La Bangkok the business region and principle shopping zones are
insignificant minutes away.
, From over 200 years, Bangkok's grandeur has been reflected in the waters of
the Chao Phraya. Today, the Shangri-La Bangkok towers close to this glorious
waterway, offers its visitors the brilliant guarantee of the East.
1. The content primarily concentrates on ... ... ..
A. Bangkok's granduer
B. Shangri-La Bangkok
C. Bangkok's "Stream Kings"
D. the water of the Chao Praya
E. The Lofty waterway in Bangkok
3. For what number of individuals the offices are getting together to?
A. 6000 individuals
B. 4000 individuals
C. 2000 individuals
D. 5000 individuals
E. 1000 individuals
4. The reason for this informative content is ... ...
A. to portray Chao Praya
B. to retell occasions for amusement
C. to present no less than two perspectives about an issue
D. to tell the advantage of Shangri-La Bangkok
E. to advise perusers, audience members, or viewers about the occasion
H.News items
3.Contoh Problem
Spanish Thief Saw Himself as Robin Hood-Like Bandit
Madrid (Reuters) - Spain's most wanted thief, "The Loner," saw himself as a
Robin Hood-style figure and said he robbed banks only Because they stole from
the public, his lawyer said Thursday.
Accused of killing three policemen and holding up more than 30 banks, Jaime
Jimenez Arbe was planning to move on to insurance companies when he was
Arrested last month, Spanish media Reported, citing lawyer Jose Mariano
Trillo-Figueroa.
"I am not a killer and if I was obliged to shoot at officers of the law, it was
always against my will and in order to avoid being Arrested," Jimenez said in a
letter Reproduced on the websites of newspapers El Pais and El Mundo ,
Trillo-Figueroa said Jimenez, who robbed the banks disguised in a false beard
and a wig, thinks of himself as Curro Jimenez, a Spanish 1970s television
bandit in the style of Robin Hood.
3. The reason why "The Loner" Because robbed the banks is. , , ,
I.Recount text
Orientation Tells who was Involved, what happened, where the events took
place, and when it happened. ( "Orientation" telling anyone involved in the
story, what happened, where the event occurred, and when the event occurs)
Events tell what happened and in what sequence. ( "Event" tells what
happens (again) and tell the story sequence)
reorientation consists of optional-closure of
( "Reorientation" contains a cover story / end of story)
events
ending.
3.Contoh Problem
Last holiday my students and I went to Jogjakarta. We stayed at Hotel Morison
the which is not a long way from Malioboro. On Friday, we went to the
sanctuaries in Prambanan. There are three major sanctuaries, the Brahmins,
Shiva and Vishnu sanctuaries. They are truly stunning. We went by just
Brahmins and Shiva sanctuaries, on the grounds that Vishnu sanctuary is being
remodeled. On Saturday morning we went to Yogya Kraton. We spent around
two hours there. We were fortunate on the grounds that we were driven by a
brilliant and amicable aide. At that point we proceeded with our adventure to
Borobudur. We touched base there at four p.m. At 6 p.m. we heard the
declaration that Borobudur entryway would be closed. In the evening we left
Jogjakarta by bus.
b. On Friday evening
c. On Thursday evening
d. On Friday afternoon
e. On Saturday evening
3. Why did they just visit Brahmins and Shiva sanctuaries?
a. Because there was no Vishnu temple
b. Because Vishnu temple was amazing
c. Because Vishnu temple was too small
d. Because Vishnu temple was being repaired
e. Because Vishnu temple was being destroyed
J.Review Text
Each type of text in the English language has a different general structure. Each
of these structures adapted to the communicative goals that will be presented to
the reader. In the Review text, sentence structure, there are four, namely:
1. Introduction
This section contains a general overview of a work or an item that will be
reviewed. A general description of the work or they may be names, uses, and so
on.
2. Evaluation
Part of this evaluation provides a more detailed to a work or an item that will be
reviewed. The picture can be in the form of parts, uniqueness or quality. In this
section to avoid giving too much description of the work or the object, to keep
the impression of 'teaching' the reader. Terms used in this second general
structure is not far from the word 'good' or 'no' work or the object.
3. Interpretation
This section describes the views of the author of the works or objects that
direviewnya. Part interpretation made after conducting a sufficient evaluation of
the work or the object. Not infrequently, the author will compare it with the
works or objects that look alike. This is done to support and strengthen the
author's views.
4. Summary
The author gives a conclusion on the final leg of the Review text that describes
whether it works or objects that direviewnya worth it or not to the reader.
3.Contoh Problem
________________________________________
Undead, Unwed, and I also wish I could say unread! Okay so here I think I have
finally sunk to the bottom of the barrel to try to catch up and complete my
challenge. I do have a bit of a thing for vampire novels! And that said I bought
three different first in the series, to see if it would help me catch up and bring
me back to the target.
Seriously, this was one of the trashiest novels I have ever read! It was OK and
fun, but I feel like a complete fraud and fake adding this to the list of books I've
read this year! But nevertheless I did read it! So it's going to be added.
Maybe one day when I've forgotten how bad this book was and just how trashy,
I'll read a few more in the series! But seriously guys I would not recommend it!
5. The following statement is not true ....
(A) the vampire novel writer liked very much
(B) the writer bought three novels in series
(C) the writer finished reading the novel
(D) the writer could satisfy his targets
(E) the novel is not interesting
6. In general, the writer ....
(A) suggested the readers to buy the novel
(B) recommended the readers to read the novel
(C) did not recommend the readers to read the novel
(D) did not recommend the readers to review the novel
(E) suggested to collect the first three different series
7. But seriously guys I would not recomended it! (Paragraph 3)
The sentence means ....
(A) the reader should not recommend him to be seriously
(B) the writer did not oppose the idea of the novel
(C) the writer recommended to read the novel
(D) The writer recommended to read seriously
(E) the writer did not suggest to read the novel
K.Report Text
Whales are sea-living Mammals. They therefore breathe water but can not
survive or land. Some species are very large indeed and the blue whale, the
which can exceed 30 meters in length, is the lives roomates Reviews largest
animal on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are
important difference in its external structure; its tail consists of a pair of broad,
flat horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on
top of its breadth, broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a
layer of flat (blubber). This is up to 30 meters in thickness and serves to
conserve heat and body fluids.
1. What is the text about?
a. sea-living Mammals
b. the description of Mammals
c. the difference between whales and fish
d. whales
e. how whales survive Themselves
3. Sentence 1 .............
a. Tells an orientation
b. poses a thesis
c. shows an abstract
d. Gives a general classification
e. elaborates an explanation