Modern techniques

The objective of introducing some of the modern technique is to

emphases how petroleum industry is changed within the last 10 to 15
years .

Gathering and handling 3D seismic data

Petroleum industry used seismic data in early days for purpose of
exploration and determining new fields , now a days there are advance
in using seismic data these advance include :1- faster and more capacity computer :
The modern fast computer facilitate the handling and interpretation
of seismic data , and its possible to storage a lot of data and handle
them .
2- fast and effective methods :
These methods makes the handling and interpretation more
efficient .
3- effective gathering tools :
By these tools we can gather the data by high accuracy from a
suitable depth there for the gathering of data becomes faster and more
efficient .
4- interpretation tools :
In the past the seismic interpretation depend on taking tangential
section and build 3D reservoir , but by modern technique we can get
3D data directly to build the reservoir model .
Finally we can conclude that by 3D technique of modeling the
reservoir the gathering and handling of data becomes easy , faster
and economically feasible .

Drilling and production from deep water

There are a lot of difficulties and challenges that faces petroleum
companies to recover from deep water reservoir , these challenges
are :-

1- drilling :
The drilling in deep water is very difficult and costly , but the
modern drilling techniques like the horizontal wells and multilateral
wells minimize difficulties and reduce the cost .

2- production :
In the past petroleum industry used fixed platform to production , but
now a days the companies use tower platform that is more flexible and
can sustain large tangential force , and it can used to produce from
deeper water than before .

3- marginal field :
In the past its difficult to produce from small field because the
platform is very expensive , but today with horizontal and multilateral
wells its become so easy to reach these reservoir and connect them to
one platform .

4- project development :
By the new technology the time needed to exploration and
production is abbreviated and that make the project profitable .

5- low temperature :
In the bed of the ocean the temperature is very low and this cause
a lot of problems, but by developing cementing technique these
problems are solved .

6- environmental consideration :
There are a lot of environmental impact in producing from marine
platform so its required a lot of care and ware ,and its necessarily to
apply health, safety and environment regulations for example use
special type of drilling mud ,safety equipment under water for

emergency situation and measuring the producing HC and transport it

directly and store it in the platform .