SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS

CHAPTER 11

1. Gravitational force of attraction,

GMm
F=
r2
6.67 10 11 10 10 7
= = 6.67 10 N
(0.1)2
2. To calculate the gravitational force on m at unline due to other mouse.
G m 4m 8Gm2 A E
FOD = = m
B
2m
(a / r 2 )2 a2
G m 2m 6Gm2
FOI = =
(a / r 2 )2 a2 m
3m
G m 2m 4Gm2 4m
F C
FOB = = D

in
2 2
(a / r ) a2
Gmm 2Gm2
FOA = =

g.
2 2
(a / r ) a2
2 2
Gm2 Gm2 Gm2
Resultant FOF = 64 2 36 2
a

a

Ba
= 10
a2
ge
2 2
Gm2 Gm 2 Gm 2
Resultant FOE = 64 2 4 2 = 2 5
a a a2
le

The net resultant force will be,

2 2
Gm2 Gm 2 Gm2
100 2 20 2 2 2 20 5
ol

F=
a a a

yC

2 2

=
Gm2

a2

120 40 5 = Gm2

a2
(120 89.6)

Gm2 Gm 2
M

= 2
40.4 = 4 2 2
a a
3. a) if m is placed at mid point of a side
4Gm2
then FOA = in OA direction A m
a2
4Gm 2 m
FOB = in OB direction
a2 O
Since equal & opposite cancel each other B C
2 2 m m
Gm 4Gm
Foc = = in OC direction
r / 2a
3 2
3a 2
A m
4Gm 2
Net gravitational force on m =
a2
b) If placed at O (centroid)
m
Gm 2 3Gm2 O
the FOA = = B C
(a / r3 ) a2 m m
11.1
 Chapter 11

3Gm2
FOB =
a2
2 2
3Gm 2 2 2
Resultant F = 2 2 3Gm 1 = 3Gm
2 2 2
a a 2 a

3Gm2
Since FOC = , equal & opposite to F, cancel
a2
Net gravitational force = 0
Gm2 2
i Gm sin 60j
4. FCB = cos 60
4a 2 4a 2 M
A B
2 2
Gm Gm
FCA = cos 60 i sin 60j
4a 2 4a 2
C
F = FCB + FCA
2
2Gm 2 2
j = 2Gm r3 = r3Gm

in
= sin 60
4a 2 4a 2 2 4a 2
5. Force on M at C due to gravitational attraction.

g.
Gm2
FCB = j
2R 2 A B

FCD =
GM
4R 2
i
2 Ba R

D C
GM2 2
ge
FCA = cos 45 j GM sin 45j
4R 2 4R 2
So, resultant force on C,
le

FC = FCA + FCB + FCD

GM2 1 GM2 1
= 2 i 2 j
ol

4R 2 2 4R 2 2
GM2

yC

FC = 2 2 1
4R 2
mv 2
For moving along the circle, F =
R
M

or
GM2
4R 2
2 2
1 =
MV 2
R

or V =
GM 2 2 1
R 4

GM 6.67 10 11 7.4 10 22 49.358 1011

6. = =
R h 2 2
(1740 1000 ) 10 6
2740 2740 10 6
49.358 1011 2 2
= = 65.8 10 = 0.65 m/s
0.75 1013
7. The linear momentum of 2 bodies is 0 initially. Since gravitational force is internal, final momentum is
also zero.
So (10 kg)v1 = (20 kg) v2
Or v1 = v2 (1)
Since P.E. is conserved
6.67 10 11 10 20 9
Initial P.E. = = 13.3410 J
1
When separation is 0.5 m,

11.2
 Chapter 11

9 13.34 10 9 2 2
13.34 10 +0= + (1/2) 10 v1 + (1/2) 20 v2 (2)
(1/ 2)
9 9 2 2
13.34 10 = -26.68 10 + 5 v1 + 10 v2
9 9 2
13.34 10 = -26.68 10 + 30 v2
2 13.34 10 9 10
v2 = = 4.44 10
30
5
v2 = 2.1 10 m/s.
5
So, v1 = 4.2 10 m/s.
8. In the semicircle, we can consider, a small element of d then R d = (M/L) R d = dM.
GMRdm
F= M
LR 2

2GMm
dF3 = 2 dF since = sin d
LR d d
/2
2GMm 2GMm R
F = sin d cos 0 / 2 L
LR LR m

in
0

GMm 2GMm 2GMm 2GMm

= 2 ( 1) = = =
LR LR L L / A L2

g.
9. A small section of rod is considered at x distance mass of the element = (M/L). dx = dm
G(dm) 1
dE1 =

d2 x 2
= dE2

Resultant dE = 2 dE1 sin

Ba
dE1
G(dm) d 2 GM d dx dE2


ge
=2 2 =
d x2 2
d x 2 2


L d x 2 d2 x 2

d

Total gravitational field a

M
le

L/2
2Gmd dx
E= Ld 2
x2
3/2 O dx
ol

0 x x
Integrating the above equation it can be found that,
yC

2GM
E=
d L2 4d2
10. The gravitational force on m due to the shell of M2 is 0.
M

R R2
M is at a distance 1 R2 m2
2 M1
R1
Then the gravitational force due to M is given by
GM1m 4GM1m m
= =
(R1 R 2 / 2 (R1 R 2 )2
3
11. Man of earth M = (4/3) R
Man of the imaginary sphere, having
3
Radius = x, M = (4/3)x
M x3
or = 3
M R m

GMm
Gravitational force on F = x
m2
GMx 3m GMmx
or F = 3 2
=
R x R3

11.3
 Chapter 11
12. Let d be the distance from centre of earth to man m then
R2
D= x 2 = (1/2)
4x 2 R2 m
x
4
R/2
d
M be the mass of the earth, M the mass of the sphere of radius d/2.
3 O
Then M = (4/3) R
3
M = (4/3)d
M d3
or = 3
M R
Gravitational force is m,
n
Gmm Gd3Mm GMmd
F= 2
= = d F
d R 3 d2 R3 x
R/2
So, Normal force exerted by the wall = F cos.
GMmd R GMm
= = (therefore I think normal force does not depend on x)
R3 2d 2R 2
13. a) m is placed at a distance x from O.

in
If r < x , 2r, Lets consider a thin shell of man
R M
m 4 3 mx 3

g.
dm = x =
( 4 / 3)r 2 3 r3
mx 3
Thus dm =
r3 Ba m
r
O
G md m Gmx 3 / r 3 Gmx
Then gravitational force F = 2
= 2
=
x x r3
ge
b) 2r < x < 2R, then F is due to only the sphere.
Gmm
F=
x r 2
le

c) if x > 2R, then Gravitational force is due to both sphere & shell, then due to shell,
GMm
ol

F=
x R 2
Gmm
yC

due to the sphere =

x r 2
Gm m GMm
So, Resultant force = +
x r 2 x R 2
M

GM GM
14. At P1, Gravitational field due to sphere M = =
3a a
2
16a 2 a
At P2, Gravitational field is due to sphere & shell, 49
GM 1 1 P1 a
GM GM 61 GM
= 2
+ 2
= 2 = 2
(a 4a a) ( 4a a ) a 36 25 900 a P2 a

15. We know in the thin spherical shell of uniform density has gravitational field at its internal point is zero.
At A and B point, field is equal and opposite and cancel each other so Net field is
A
zero. A

Hence, EA = EB B

16. Let 0.1 kg man is x m from 2kg mass and (2 x) m from 4 kg mass. B

2 0 .1 4 0 .1
=
x 2
( 2 x )2

11.4
 Chapter 11

0.2 0 .4
or =
x 2
( 2 x )2
1 2 2 2
or = or (2 x) = 2 x
x2 ( 2 x )2
or 2 x = 2 x or x(r2 + 1) = 2
2
or x = = 0.83 m from 2kg mass.
2.414
m
17. Initially, the ride of is a
To increase it to 2a, a a
2 2 2
Gm Gm 3Gm
work done = = m
2a a 2a m a 100g
18. Work done against gravitational force to take away the particle from sphere,
10cm
G 10 0.1 6.67 10 11 1 10
= = = 6.67 10 J
0.1 0.1 1 10 1

19. E = (5 N/kg) i + (12 N/kg) j

in
10kg
a) F = E m
= 2kg [(5 N/kg) i + (12 N/kg) j ] = (10 N) i + (12 N) j

g.

F = 100 576 = 26 N

b) V = E r

At (12 m, 0), V = (60 J/kg) i V = 60 J
Ba
ge

At (0, 5 m), V = (60 J/kg) j V = 60 J
(1,2,5 )

E mdr = (10N)i (24N)j r

(12,5 )
c) V =
le

( 0,0 )
( 0,0 )

= (120 J i + 120 J i ) = 240 J

ol

0,5m
d) v = r(10N i 24Nj ) 12m,0
yC

= 120 j + 120 i = 0
20. a) V = (20 N/kg) (x + y)
GM MLT 2 M1L3 T 2M1 ML2 T 2
M

= L or =
R M L M
0 2 2 0 2 2
Or M L T = M L T
L.H.S = R.H.S

b) E( x, y ) = 20(N/kg) i 20(N/kg) j

c) F = E m
= 0.5kg [ (20 N/kg) i (20 N/kg) j = 10N i - 10 N j

| F | = 100 100 = 10 2 N

21. E = 2 i + 3 j
The field is represented as
tan 1 = 3/2
5/3 3j
Again the line 3y + 2x = 5 can be represented as 2

tan 2 = 2/3 5/2 2j
m1 m2 = 1
Since, the direction of field and the displacement are perpendicular, is done by the particle on the line.
11.5
 Chapter 11
22. Let the height be h
GM GM
(1/2) 2 =
R (R h)2
2 2
Or 2R = (R + h)
Or 2 R = R + h
Or h = (r2 1)R
23. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity on mount everest.
2h
g = g1
R
17696 2
=9.8 1 = 9.8 (1 0.00276) = 9.773 m/s
6400000
24. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity in mine.
d
Then g= g 1
R
640

in
2
= 9.8 1 3
= 9.8 0.9999 = 9.799 m/s
6400 10
25. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity at equation & that of pole = g

g.
2
g= g R
5 2 3
= 9.81 (7.3 10 ) 6400 10
= 9.81 0.034
= 9.776 m/s
2

mg = 1 kg 9.776 m/s
2
Ba
ge
= 9.776 N or 0.997 kg
The body will weigh 0.997 kg at equator.
2
26. At equator, g = g R (1)
Let at h height above the south pole, the acceleration due to gravity is same.
le

2h
Then, here g = g 1 (2)
R
ol

2 2h
g - R = g 1
yC

R
2R 2h
or 1 = 1
g R

M

2 2
2R 2 7.3 10 5 6400 10 3
or h = = = 11125 N = 10Km (approximately)
2g 2 9.81
27. The apparent g at equator becomes zero.
2
i.e. g = g R = 0
2
or g = R
g 9 .8
1.5 10 6 = 1.2 10
3
or = = = rad/s.
R 6400 10 3
2 2 3.14 6
T= = = 1.5 10 sec. = 1.41 hour
1.2 10 3
28. a) Speed of the ship due to rotation of earth v = R
2
b) T0 = mgr = mg m R
2 To
T0 mg = m R
c) If the ship shifts at speed v A A
2
T = mg m R

11.6
 Chapter 11

v R 2
= T0 - R
R2

v 2 2R 2 2Rv
= T0 m
R

T = T0 + 2v m
29. According to Keplers laws of planetary motion,
2 3
T R
2 3
Tm R ms

Te 2 R es 3
3 2
Rms 1.88

R es 1
R ms 2/3
= (1.88) = 1.52
R es

in
r3
30. T = 2
GM

g.
27.3 = 2 3.14
3.84 10 5 3

6.67 10 11 M

or 2.73 2.73 =

2 3.14 3.84 10 5
6.67 10 11 M

3
Ba
2 (3.14 )2 (3.84)3 1015
ge
24
or M = 11 2
= 6.02 10 kg
3.335 10 (27.3 )
mass of earth is found to be 6.02 1024 kg.
le

r3
31. T = 2
GM
ol

27540 = 2 3.14
9.4 10 3
103 3

11
6.67 10 M
yC

or (27540) = (6.28)
2 2 9.4 10 6 2

6.67 10 11 M
M

(6.28)2 (9.4 )3 1018 23

or M = 11 2
= 6.5 10 kg.
6.67 10 (27540 )
GM gr 2
32. a) V = =
r h r h
9.8 ( 6400 10 3 )2 3
= 6
= 6.9 10 m/s = 6.9 km/s
10 (6.4 2)
2
b) K.E. = (1/2) mv
6 10
= (1/2) 1000 (47.6 10 ) = 2.38 10 J
GMm
c) P.E. =
(R h)
6.67 10 11 6 10 24 10 3 40 1013 10
= = = 4.76 10 J
(6400 2000 ) 10 3 8400
2(r h) 2 3.14 8400 10 3 2
d) T = = 3
= 76.6 10 sec = 2.1 hour
V 6.9 10

11.7
 Chapter 11
33. Angular speed f earth & the satellite will be same
2 2
=
Te Ts

1 1 (R h)3
or = or 12 I 3600 = 3.14
24 3600 (R h)3 gR 2
2
gR 2

(R h)2 (12 3600 )2 (6400 h)3 109 (12 3600 )2

or = or =
gR 2 (3.14 )2 9.8 (6400 )2 10 6 (3.14 )2
(6400 h)3 10 9 4
or 9
= 432 10
6272 10
3 4
or (6400 + h) = 6272 432 10
4 1/3
or 6400 + h = (6272 432 10 )
4 1/3
or h = (6272 432 10 ) 6400
= 42300 cm.

in
b) Time taken from north pole to equator = (1/2) t
( 43200 6400)3 ( 497 )3 10 6

g.
= (1/2) 6.28 2 6
= 3.14
10 (6400 ) 10 (64)2 1011
497 497 497
= 3.14
64 64 10 5
= 6 hour.

34. For geo stationary satellite,

4
Ba
r = 4.2 10 km
ge
h = 3.6 104 km
Given mg = 10 N
R2
le

mgh = mg
R h2

ol

6400 103
2 4096
= 10 = = 0.23 N

6400 10 3 3600 10 3
2


17980
yC

R 23
35. T = 2
gR12
M

3
R2
Or T = 4
2
2
gR1
3
42 R 2
Or g =
T 2 R12
3
42 R 2
Acceleration due to gravity of the planet is =
T 2 R12 A
Colatitude
36. The colattitude is given by .
OAB = 90 ABO
Again OBC = = OAB
6400 8 O
sin = =
42000 53
B
1 8 1 C
= sin = sin 0.15.
53

11.8
 Chapter 11
37. The particle attain maximum height = 6400 km.
On earths surface, its P.E. & K.E.
GMm
Ee = (1/2) mv2 + (1)
R
In space, its P.E. & K.E.
GMm
Es = +0
Rh
GMm
Es = (2) ( h = R)
2R
Equating (1) & (2)
GMm 1 GMm
mv 2 =
R 2 2R
2 1 1
Or (1/2) mv = GMm
2R R
GM

in
2
Or v =
R
6.67 10 11 6 10 24

g.
=
6400 10 3
40.02 1013
=
6.4 10 6
7
= 6.2 10 = 0.62 10
8

4
Ba
Or v = 0.62 10 8 = 0.79 10 m/s = 7.9 km/s.
ge
38. Initial velocity of the particle = 15km/s
Let its speed be v at interstellar space.
GMm

le

3 2 2
(1/2) m[(15 10 ) v ] = dx
R x2

1
ol

3 2 2
(1/2) m[(15 10 ) v ] = GMm
x R
yC

6 2 GMm
(1/2) m[(225 10 ) v ] =
R
6 2 6.67 10 11 6 10 24
2
225 10 v =
6400 10 3
M

2 6 40.02 8
v = 225 10 10
32
2 6 8 8
v = 225 10 1.2 10 = 10 (1.05)
4
Or v = 1.01 10 m/s or
= 10 km/s
24
39. The man of the sphere = 6 10 kg.
8
Escape velocity = 3 10 m/s
2GM
Vc =
R
2GM
Or R =
Vc 2
2 6.67 10 11 6 10 24 80.02 3 3
= = 10 = 8.89 10 m 9 mm.
3 10
8 2 9

11.9