Reviewer

for Bio1 First Long Quiz Part 2

A. Emerging Diseases
1. Transmissible Spongioform Encehalopathy (TSE)- also known as Prion Diseases
2. Prion- misfolded protein that causes TSE
3. Bovine Spongioform Encehalopathy (BSE)- known as Mad Cow Disease
4. Creutzfeldt- Jacob Disease (CJD)- Human form of Mad Cow Disease
5. Kuru- ritualistic cannibalism, known as laughing death
6.Dr. Daniel Carleton Gajdusek- american physician, recipient of Nobel Prize, through
his works on Kuru
7. Influenza A virus- causes Influenza on birds and mammals
8. Hemagglutinin- a glycoprotein, an attachment to the host of the virus
9. Neuraminidase- a glycoprotein, allows virus to cleavage after reproduction
10. Swine flu- caused by influenza virus that are endemic only to pigs
11. H5N1 A1 virus- one of the influenza virus that has pandemic potential.
12. Cross the Species Barrier- reason why A1 virus are infectious to humans, and other
mammals.
13. AH1N1- a new strain of swine flu virus, has the combined segments of virus strain
from human, bird and swine.
14. Antigenic Drift- series of mutations that cause virus to evolve over time.
15. Antigenic Shift- abrupt change in surface antigen proteins that create new strain of
virus.
16. Bird flu- the worst pandemic influenza, caused by H1N1 flu virus.
17. Spanish Influenza- also known as H1N1, most devasting to date.
18. SARS- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, First new virus of 21st century.
19. Foshan City, Guangdong, China- November 2002, first dated case of SARS.
20. Alveoli- being attacked by Corona virus, the respiratory structure of the lungs.
21. Dr. Carlo Ubani- a WHO official who died of SARS.
22. 29, 727 base- long- strand of RNA- consist the genome of SARS virus.
23. Corona Virus- causes SARS, with a halo when seen under the mocroscope.
24. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever- caused by virus serotypes DEN-1, DEN-2,
DEN-3 and DEN-4 of the genus flavivirus.
25. Aedes aegypti- a domestic, day biting mosquito that transmits dengue
26. Ebola Virus- an RNA virus that causes Ebola Hemorrhagic fever, has the potential for
bioterrorism.
27. Filovirus- type of virus that shapes like a filament, where ebola belongs.
28. Aerosols- Ebola virus can be transmitted through these materials.
29. Tubercolosis- an airborne disease, caused by Mycobacterium
30. Bacillus- Calmette Guerin (BCG) Vaccine- vaccine for TB
31. Malaria- being spread by Female Anopheline mosquitoes.
32. Miasma- bad air, ancient people thought malaria was brought by this.
33. Plasmodium- protozoan parasites that cause Malaria
34. Plasmodium falciparum- most widespread and dangerous
35. Obesity- a social disease, excess body fat.
36. Leptin gene in Chromosome 7- takes care of the regulation of fat.
 37. Mutation in leptin gene- obesity
38. Diabetes- failure of glucose to be converted as glycogen because of insulin
malfunction.
39. Type 1 Diabetes- Auto immune genetic disease.
40. Type 2 Diabetes- linked to lifestyle factors.
41. Cataract- cloudy eyes.
42. Diabetic retinopathy- blood vessels in the eye get weak, and burst.
43. Glaucoma- when liquid pressure forms in th eye.
44. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- autoimmune disease where lymphocytes
attack the organ, the disease of Marcos (former RP pres)
45. Myalgia- pains in joints
46. Alzheimer's disease- disintegrating microtubules in the brain.
47. Amyloid Plaque- destructions in the brain
48. TAU proteins- proteins that stabilize microtubules in the brain

B. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: the secret epidemic
1.Pathogen- cause of STD, could be a virus, bacterium, parasite or fungus.
2.Latency- the inactivity of the pathogens.
3.Monogamy- the only way to avoid becoming infected with STD.
4.Gonorrhea- the Clap, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
5.Vertical Transmission- passing of disease during birth.
6.Genital herpes- caused by herpes simplex virus, a recuurent disease.
7.Syphilis- caused by spirochete bacterium
8.Human Papilloma Virus or Genital Warts (HPV)- cauliflowere wart like growth appear
in genitals.
9.Condylomata acuminata- cauliflowerlike lesios
10.Chlamydia- leads to ectopic pregnacy, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
11.HIV/AIDS- caused by Human Immuno Deficiency virus
12.GP41- a structure in HIV virus that sucks the cell.
13.T cell- target of the virus
14.Nelfinavir (Viracept)- the medicine for HIV as of today.
C. Biological Warfare
1.Biological warfare- silent assasins, biological pathogens released intentionnally causing
death.
2.Biological agent- an infectious disease, toxin, that can be used in biterrorism.
3. Bioterrorism- also known as biological warfare
4. Bacteria, Rickettsia, Viruses, and Bacterial toxins- groups of pathogens.
5.Smallpox- caused by variola virus
6.Anthrax- an acute infectious disease caused by the spore forming bacteriumBacillus
anthracis.
7.Bubonic plague- caused by Yersinia Pestis, found in rodents.
8.BT poisoning- botulinum toxin
9.CpG DNA- detected by pattern recognition receptorsin innate immune cells.
10.Botulism- insertion of BT gene to benign bacteria, turning them into killers.
11.Project Bonfire- creation of Antibiotic resistant bacteria
12.Hunter Program- creation of hybrid viruses.
D. DNA TRACKS: Path of human migration
1. Genetic fossils- mitichondrial dna, Y- chromosome
2. mtDNA- DNA in mitochondria, found in the cytoplasm
3. 16, 569 nucleotide pairs- consist the mtDNA
4. maternally inherited- mtDNA, matrilineal
5. Eve- 81,000 years older than Adam
6.hypervariable region- being studied for human migration.
7. D loop- molecular clock
8. real eve- unbroken genetic line
9. haplogroups- family
10. haplotype- individual set of polymorphisms
11. Out of Africa theory- Rebecca Camm
12. L1- Khoisan (Bushmen) people
13. L3- Out of Africa descendant of Mitochondrial Eve
14. Andaman Tribe- direct descendants of African Migrants