City.

Province River Bank Year of Archaeologist

Discovery
Harappa ;;v / Pakistani Punjab Ravi 1921 DR Sahni
Mohenjodaro Sind Indus 122 RD Bannerjee
Chanhudaro; Sind Indus 1931 , MG Majumdar
Sutkagendor Balochistan Dasht 1931 Aurel Stein
Gujarat Meedar 1931 MS Vats
Rangpur Indus Valley Civilisation is TOWN-PLANNING
Ropar one of the four earliest Town-planning was not
/Indian Punjab Sutlej 1953 YD Sharma
Lothal civilisations of the world uniform. A common
Gujarat ~ Bhogava 1957 SR Rao
Kanbangan alongwith
Rajasthan Ghaggar 1961 the feature was the grid
BB Lai
civilisations
Kachchh (Gujarat) Luni 1967 of
JPsystem
Joshi i.e. streets cutting
Dholavira
Mesopotamia (Tigris and across
Haryana Ghaggar 1973 RS Bisht one another at
Banawali Euphrates), Egypt (Nile) right angles, dividing
Atamgirpur and China (Hwang Ho).
Uttar Pradesh Hindon 1974 YD Sharma
the town into large
r Tlie Civilisation forms a rectangular blocks.
part of the proto-history The towns were divided
of India and belongs to into; two parts: the
the Bronze age. Upper part or Citadel
The most accepted
period (s 2500-1700) BC "Sand I
the
.ower pari.
(derived by Garbon-14 Underground drainage
dating), system connected all
- Dayoram Salmi first houses to the street
discovered Harappa; in drains, made up of
1021, RE) Bannerjee mortar, lime and
discovered Mohenjodaro gypsum; They were
or Mound of the Dead' covered with either
in 1922. brick or stone slabs
It can be divided into the following sub-parts
and equipped with
manholes. This shows
Early Phase - 2900-2500 BC a developed s; use of
^ Middle (mature) Phase - 2500-2000 BC health and sanitation.
Later Phase 2000-1750 BC The Great Bath
(Mohenjodaro) It was
NOMENCLATURE used for religious
> Indus Valley bathing. Steps at
Civilisation, as it either end lead to the

Indus Cities At a Glance

 ENERAL KNOWLEDGE ~ Indian History

AGRICULTURE Terracotta Figurines Fire

baked clay was used to
Agriculture was the make toys, objects of
backbone of the worship, animals
civilisation. The soil (monkey, dogs, sheep,
was fertile due to cattle, humped and
inundation in the river bumpless bulls), .cattle
Indus. toys with movable Head,
tThey
iops used wooden
.produced .were toy-carts,
: to be their whistles
favourite shaped
wheat, barley, time-pass.
dates, peas, sesamum,
mustard, millet, TRADE
ragi, bajra arid jowar. At Agriculture, industry
Lothal arid and forest provided
llangpur. rice husks the basis for internal
were found. V and-external trade.
* They were first, to Trade was. based on
produce cotton in the barter system. Coins
world, which Greeks are riot ;evident.
called-as. Sin don Bullock carts and boats
braved from Sind. A were used for
fragment of woven transportation.
cotton cloth- was found
at Mohenjodaro. | Towns and Trade
- Well-irrigation is evident i Daimabad Bxnzo industry. - 'w
from the darns
and irrigation canals !j Lothal Factory for stone tools arid "''
metallic finished.goqds.,-
foundat.ffihplrivira.
Sugarcane-was not | Balakot Pearl finished goods, ' T
known
cu to the Indus
Camel bones are reported :
at Kalibarigkn ;"
. ,, bangie and shell industry-
l>ic:al shape and in multiples of 1G.
and remains : of horse are discbVefed: A
Foreign trade flourished with
Afrom
R1 ANDSurkotada.
CRAE IS Mesopotamia
Major Imports or