Professional Documents
Culture Documents
a) In a process which includes nuclear reactions which convert small amounts of mass to
energy
Equation (e) of Example 5.7 is an application of the following relationship found in the
Guidelines for Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Multiple Species:
In this case, butene is being consumed. The information in the problem statement that 84%
of the butene is converted to ethylene was used to provide the fractional conversion (X) of
0.84 for the butene. The mass flow rate and molecular weight of butene were also used in the
equation.
rconsumption, butene is the number of moles of butene per time that are converted to ethylene in the
process.
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
a. No, it is not correct to write a total mole balance for this process. The total number of
moles does not remain constant since four moles of reactants produce two moles of
products.
b. The maximum number of material balances equations is equal to the number of species
present. In this case, a maximum of three balances can be written.
c. No, your colleague is wrong. As mentioned in part (b), a maximum of three material
balances can be written. The four equations would not be independent. However, one
can use two species balances and a total balance (for a total of three balance equations).
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
One key use of material balances would be to determine the amount of reactants needed to
treat the waste stream. Material balances might also be used to determine the concentration
of waste in the stream(s) leaving the process.
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
Steam
Vsteam = ?
Feed water boiler ! steam = 3.7 kg/m3
V feed = 28 m 3 min
Residual hot water
! feed = 1000 kg/m3
Vresid = 6.5 m3 min
! resid = 960 kg/m3
From the principle that mass is conserved,
m = m
inlet outlet
streams streams
Since all the values are given as volumetric flow rates and densities, the most convenient
equivalent form of mass flow rate to use for all terms is
m = V
so feedVfeed = steam Vsteam + resid Vresid
Solving for the flow rate of steam and inserting known values,
feedVfeed resid Vresid
Vsteam =
steam
(1000 kg m3 )(28m3 min) (960kg m3 )(6.5 m3 min)
=
3.7 kg m3
= 5880 m3/min 5900 m3/min
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
Benzene
nBenzene = 1140 kgmol hr
Phenol
m Phenol = ?
Again, we begin with m = m
inlet outlet
streams streams
cocoa
m cocoa = 17lbm hr
milk
Vmilk = ?
Also Given:
lbm 1 ft3
corn syrup = milk = 62.4 = 8.34lbm gal
ft 3 7.48 gal
Once again, the important relationship is
m in = m out
which, for this problem, is
m sugar + m butter + m corn syrup + m van.extract + m cocoa + m milk = m fudge
Writing each term in more convenient terms because of the information given,
MW sugar n sugar + m butter + corn syrupVcorn syrup + m van.extract + m cocoa + milkVmilk = m fudge
Also, we are given
m van.extract = 30 msugar = 30
1 1
MWsugar n sugar
kg kg m3 kg m3 kg
260,000 + 935 3 283 721 3 157 208,000
hr m hr m hr hr
=
m3
235
hr
= 866 kg/m3
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
Because the information for the gas streams is given in terms of densities and volumetric flow
rates, the balance is more conveniently written:
( )
= gas Vgas,out Vgas,in + m liq,out
lbm ft 3 ft 3 lbm
= .087 270 340 + 77
ft 3 min min min
lbm lb lb lb
= 6.1 + 77 m = 70.9 m 71 m
min min min min
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
c pollutant, ao =
( 3
)(3
.80 c pollutant,ex Vex .80 .06 gmol ft 15 ft min
=
) gmol
= 8.83x10 4 3
Vao 3
815 ft min ft
b. For an outlet pollutant concentration (cpollutant,ao) equal to .0025 gmol/ft3,
Equation 3 gives
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
Vao =
.80 c pollutant,ex Vex
=
( )(
.80 .06 gmol ft 3 15 ft 3 min ) = 288 ft 3
c pollutant, ao .0025gmol ft 3 min
From Equation 4,
Vai = Vao Vex = 288 ft 3 min 15 ft 3 min = 273 ft3 min
So any incoming wind flow rate less than 273 ft3/min will produce an outgoing pollutant
concentration greater than .0025 gmol/ft3.
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
In this case, the inlet air flow rate equals the outlet air flow rate, so well assign one symbol:
Vai = Vao = Va
Similarly, the inlet blood flow rate equals the outlet blood flow rate, so:
Vbi = Vbo = Vb
cO ,bo c O2 ,bi
Va = 2 V
cO2 ,ai cO2 ,ao b
gmol gmol
.00893 .00670 L
= L L 5.0
.00934
gmol
.00705
gmol min
L L
= 4.87 L/min
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow
m dye,in 20 g /min
m out = = = 5128 g /min
x dye,out 0.0039
b. The mass flow rate of dye in the outlet blood is the same as the input rate, or 20 g/min.
Hence, the mass flow rate of the blood without the dye is 5128 20 = 5108 g/min
c. m = V
m 5108 g / min
V = = = 4819 cm 3 / min
1.06 g / cm 3