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Lab Report
Inorganic
CheMistry
Name of experiMent:
i. Preparations of tetraamMinecopper (II) sulfate Monohydrate.
ii. Determination NH3 in the coMplex Cu(NH3)4]SO4.H2O).
iii. Determination Cu (II) in the coMplex Cu(NH3)4]SO4.H2O).
Prepared by Students:
i. Kosary Yasin Ahmed
ii. OMer Taha Abdulqader
iii. Aram Aziz Qader
Synthesis
Reaction 1:
Reaction 2:
The deep blue crystalline solid tends to hydrolyse and evolve (release) amMonia
upon standing in air.[1] It is fairly soluble in water. The brilliant dark blue-violet
color of tetraamMinecopper(II) sulfate solution is due to presence of
[Cu(NH3)4]2+. Often, the dark blue-violet color is used as a positive test to
verify the presence of Cu2+ in a solution.
Structure and Properties
The solid state salt of tetraamMine copper (II) sulfate contains the
[Cu(NH3)4H2O]2+, which has a square pyramidal Molecular geoMetry. The
bond length between the atoMs in the crystal are Measured using X-ray
crystallography; the Cu-N and Cu-O distances are about 210 and 233 pm.[3]
Cu(NH3)The correct concentrations of amMonia and copper sulfate solution can
be determined by coloriMetry. The coMbination of the correct concentrations will
produce the highest absorbance read out on the coloriMeter and as a result the
formula of the coMplex can be verified.
Uses
The Moles of amMonia present in a sample of the solid salt will be determined by
an acid-base titration using standardized hydrochloric acid. Upon dissolution of
the coMpound in water the amMonia ligands are displaced by water:
d) Ethanol use for precipitating agent and for washing the precipitate and dissoving.
10 Ml
1 gm of cupper sulfate AMMoniuM
dissolve in 3 Ml of then add
(CuSO4) hydroxide
Water
(NH4OH)
(H2O)
then
Stir the Mixture for 5 Min
Then add
At end point change
the color froM pink to
light orange
Methyl red
as
indicator
During of the experiMent one, the coMplex salt Cu(NH3)4 SO4.H2O was produced
when the cupric salt is dissolved in excess am Monia. It will formed a dark blue
2+
solution due to the formation of Cu(NH3)4 coMplex ions, Then put the solution
in ice bath for an quarter hour, This steps is iMportant to Make sure that the
coMplex ions will form coMpletely. The reason that we used ice bath in this
experiMent is to help the process of recrystallization occur a lot faster than the
usual. After the filtration process The crystal of coMplex are formed in dark blue
color precipitate of [Cu(NH3)4SO4] on filter paper and the filtrate is clear blue.
In the second part of the experiMent, determined of NH3 in the coMplex salt
Cu(NH3)4 SO4.H2O by (indirect Method) using titration, after dissociating the
coMplex by (HCl) titrating with (NaOH) using the Methyl red for detecting end
point, at end point the color change froM pink to light orange.
In the third part of the experiMent, we determined of Cu (II) in the coMplex salt
Cu(NH3)4 SO4.H2O by iodoMetric Method (indirect Method) Meaning we cannot
direct use I2 therefore we use KI as reducing agent, KI reduced the Cu+2 to Cu+ and
itself (KI) is oxidized to I2 ,thus the nuMber of equivalent of Cu+ equal to nuMber of
equivalent I2 therefor by these way we can determine nuMber of equivalent of Cu+2
in the coMplex salt Cu(NH3)4 SO4.H2O, during titration we use starch as indicator
the color of the solution changed to dark brown when titrated the solution with
Na2S2O3 at end point the color changed to colorless.
While in the first experiMent the Mass that we obtained for coMplex salt,
Cu(NH3)4SO4 .H2O is (0.66gm), which is less than the theoretical value,(1.539
gm). Thus the yield percentage that is obtained is (42.88 %). While carrying out
this experiMent there Might be soMe errors occurred that May effects the
percentage of yield to be less than the theoretical value. For example not
coMpletely dissolved the sample, soMe of the samples reMain in the flask or when
we filtered the salt, we Might not do it the right way. There Might be a salt that is
not well filtered. Besides that, loss soMe of the coMplex during transferred the
precipitate during weighting it. There are also soMe probleMs when we need to
take the weight of the salts. The reading of the balance was not stable Maybe due
to the iMpurities froM the previous experiMent that was left inside it.
In the second experiMent the Mass that we obtained for NH3 (0.0272 gm) which is
less than the theoretical value,(0.02769 gm).Thus the error percentage that is
obtained is (1.69 %), so I think this value of error returned for bad precaution
special during reading the buret at end point.
In the second experiMent, the practical weight of the Cu+2 equal to (0.03087 gm)
which is greater than the theoretical value (0.02585 gm). Thus the error
percentage that is obtained is (-19 %), so I think this value of error returned for
presence of iMpurity in the coMplex salt Cu(NH3)4 SO4.H2O and bad precaution
special during reading the buret at end point & Many factors.
References
1. WWW.CHEMistrylabManual.coM
2. Wikipedia:
i. AMerican EleMents – The Material science coMpany;
tetraamMine copper(II) sulfate Monohydrate; CAS 10380-29-7
ii. Morosin "The Crystal Structures of Copper TetraamMine CoMplexes. A.
Cu(NH3)4SO4.H2O and Cu(NH3)4SeO4" Acta Cryst. 1969, vol.
B25, pp. 19-30. doi:10.1107/S0567740869001725
iii. Li, Yudan; Wang, Wenjie; He, Chuan.; CheMical reduction Method for
preparing copper nanopowder with high purity using sodiuM
hypophosphite as reductant, Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, Dec 4, 2013,
CN 103418801