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Pipe Load Calculations and Design Factors

The document discusses various types of loads on pipes including live loads, seismic loads, internal pressure and vacuum, pipe contents, and minimum soil cover requirements. Boussinesq equations are used to calculate live loads on embedded pipes. Seismic loads induce small stresses that design codes account for with load factors. High pressure pipelines must withstand operating and transient pressures. Vacuum events cause temporary loading. Minimum soil cover is needed for protection from wheel loads, flotation, uplift, and frost. Case 1 analyzes wheel load directly over a pipe.

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Hoang An Tran
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56 views1 page

Pipe Load Calculations and Design Factors

The document discusses various types of loads on pipes including live loads, seismic loads, internal pressure and vacuum, pipe contents, and minimum soil cover requirements. Boussinesq equations are used to calculate live loads on embedded pipes. Seismic loads induce small stresses that design codes account for with load factors. High pressure pipelines must withstand operating and transient pressures. Vacuum events cause temporary loading. Minimum soil cover is needed for protection from wheel loads, flotation, uplift, and frost. Case 1 analyzes wheel load directly over a pipe.

Uploaded by

Hoang An Tran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2.4.

6 Load on pipes
2.4.6.1 Live load
Boussinesq equations can be used to calculate the pressure of live loads on embedded pipes.
Details of live load calculations are presented in the section on minimum cover.
2.4.6.2 Seismic Load
As a general rule, the stresses induced in pipe walls due to seismic strains are quite small
and do not adversely affect the design. The design codes usually allow for an increase in
the allowable stress, or conversely, a decrease in load factors, when seismic loads are
included in a load combination. Thus, buried pipes that are sized to sustain other design
loads usually have sufficient strength to resist seismic-imposed stresses also.
2.4.6.3 Internal Pressure and Vacuum
2.4.6.3.1 Internal Pressure
Underground pipe systems have to operate under varying levels of internal pressure. The
high-pressure pipelines have to be designed for a continuous operating pressure, as well as,
a short-term transient pressure.
2.4.6.3.2 Vacuum
Certain operational events may cause a temporary vacuum in buried conduits. In most cases
the duration of application of vacuum loading is extremely short and its effects can be
delineated from other live loads. The magnitude and time variation of the transients need
to be considered for both the positive and negative internal pressures.
2.4.6.4 Pipe and associated contents
The effects of the dead weight of the pipe wall and the fluid carried must be resisted by the
structural capacity of the pipe. In practice, loads from these two sources are often neglected
in the design of steel or plastic pipes, but accounted in the design of prestressed and
reinforced concrete pressure pipes, and concrete non-pressure pipes.
For simplicity, these loads are added to the vertical soil loads, keeping in mind the small
magnitude of these loads.

2.5 Minimum soil cover


2.5.1 Minimum soil cover for wheel load
The following are analyses of minimum soil covers required for protection against wheel
loads, flotation, uplift, and frost.
2.5.1.1 Case 1 - Wheel load directly over the pipe

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