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A Book On Refrigeration PDF
A Book On Refrigeration PDF
Provision
Cooling
Plants
on board ships.
By C. Rajesh Mahadevan
Preface
With great pleasure and immense joy I dedicate this book to my
dear friends and colleagues, marine engineers appearing for MEO
Class IV Part B.
The main objective of this book is to make the subject clear and
easy to understand. I have referred many books and sources on the
net to fulfill this objective and have almost covered all the terms
and process under this topic. I have also shared some of my self-
experience encountered on board my ship with provision plant.
I hope this book will be very useful to all, who appearing for Class
IV exams and will help and guide each and everyone in their
journey to success.
- The author
Contents
1. Introduction.
3. Properties of Refrigerants.
7. Trouble Shooting.
9. Conclusion.
A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
Chapter I
Introduction
The Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to remove heat
from one location to another. In this the room temperature is brought well
below to its atmospheric temperature. The first thing comes into all our mind
when talking about refrigeration is our domestic Refrigerator or Fridge. But in
this book we are going to deal with our Provision cooling plant.
2. Condenser
3. Expansion Valve
4. Evaporator
Page 1
A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
Chapter II
Definitions & Accessories
In this Chapter we will see the various terms and components
associated with refrigeration process, definitions and working.
Refrigeration ton
The refrigeration ton is the unit used to indicate the heat removal
capacity of the system.
Boiling point
The specific heat of liquid is the amount of heat per unit mass required
to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.
Critical temperature
Latent heat
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A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
Compressor
Unloader
Condenser
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A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
cock is mounted on the condenser on the refrigerant side to remove air or other
gases which are non-condensable or lighter than the vapour refrigerant. Cross-
sectional view of shell & tube condenser is shown in the fig. 2.1 above.
The gas enters the inlet of the oil separator, this mixture flows
through a filter and a baffle device, making the oil particles aggregate and drop
to the bottom of the oil separator. The refrigerant gas will go through the outlet,
and enter the condenser under oil-less status when the filter separates the
remaining oil particles from the gas. The oil of the refrigerant aggregates at the
bottom of the oil separator, and a needle valve operated by a floating ball is
opened to let oil return to the compressor. Since the pressure of the oil
separator is higher than the pressure of the crankcase, the oil can quickly
return to the compressor. When the oil level drops, the needle valve is closed to
prevent the refrigerant gas from returning to the compressor. As shown in fig.
2.2 below.
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A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
Receiver
Filter Drier
Accumulator
Page 5
A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
Effect occurs and any trapped oil is sucked through the orifice and carried
away by the suction vapors to be returned to the compressor sump where it
belongs. As in Fig. 2.4.
Sight glass
The Solenoid valve is provided in the liquid line before evaporator, if the
temperature of the refrigerated space falls below its desired value the valve will
close and vice versa. It is required only in the system in which there is more
than one evaporator.
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A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
Super heating
The Super heating is a process which takes place in the evaporator. The
refrigerant is boiler off and converted into vapour at its boiling point in the eva-
porator. Any further increase in temperature above the saturation temperature
or boiling point is termed as superheating of the refrigerant.
Sub cooling
Charging of refrigerant
The charging of refrigerant is the term used for adding the refrigerant
gas in the system. Before charging the gas one should purge the system with
refrigerant to ensure all the air in system has been removed.
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A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
Chapter - III
Properties of Refrigerants
The properties of refrigerant play a major role in the selection of
refrigerant for the system. The properties that a refrigerant should have are,
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A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
The specific heat of liquid is the amount of heat per unit mass
required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. It should be low, so
that amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of
refrigerant is also low.
6. It should be non-toxic.
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A Book On Provision Cooling Plants Onboard ships.
Chapter IV
Vapour Compression Cycle
Page
10