Presentations: Technical Proceedings

Technical Proceedings-
Presentations
TH
6 CUSTODY MEASUREMENT
TECHNICAL EXCHANGE MEETING
(CMTEM 2011)
November 21-23, 2011

Dammam Office Building
Saudi Aramco
Maintain Measurement Accuracy
from Design to Operation
Authors:
Peter Jakubenas Installed Product Services Manager, FMC Technologies
Bryan Partridge After Market Manager, FMC Technologies
Jeffery MacKenzie Global Aftermarket Manager, FMC Technologies
Presented by:
Peter Sims Business Development Manager FMC Technologies
APPLICATIONS
PIPELINE TERMINALS
EXPORT TERMINALS
IMPORT TERMINALS
FLOATING PRODUCTION STORAGE VESSELS -
FPSO AND FSO
CUSTODY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS
BUYERS
SELLERS
CUSTOMS
GOVERNMENT
SHIPPERS
FISCALIZATION ACCURACY
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT
QUALITATIVE MEASUREMENT
TRACEABILITY TO RECOGNIZED STANDARDS
We are seeking the truth!

QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT
METERS
PROVERS
FLOW COMPUTERS
CONTROL SYSTEMS
QUALITATIVE MEASUREMENT
DENSITY OR GRAVITY
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE
VISCOSITY
SAMPLING
BS & W
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
ACCURACY- HIGH CERTAINTY- LOW

UNCERTAINTY- BOTH INITIAL AND ONGOING
SAFETY
RELIABILITY
OPERATOR EASE
LOW ONGOING OPERATING COSTS
LOW CALIBRATION COSTS
LOW MAINTENANCE COSTS
VALUE
SYSTEMS APPROACH
ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE
PROPERLY SELECTED COMPONENTS TO ACHIEVE
LOW UNCERTAINTY
TURNKEY CONTRACT
EXPERIENCED
SUPPLER WITH PRODUCT LINE KNOW HOW AND
COMMITMENT
SUPPLIER WITH ONGOING SUPPORT SERVICES
HISTORY
WHAT ACCURACY CAN BE
ACHIEVED?
METERING +/- O.1 %

TO +/- 0.25%
OVERALL
TANK GUAGING +/-
0.7% UNDER BEST OF
CONDITIONS
COST OF UNCERTAINTY
ASSUME 10,000 BBL PER HOUR @ $100 per
BBL (10 Pipeline)
ASSUME 0.5 % UNCERTAINTY BETTER THAN
TANK GUAGING- $0.50 per BBL
$120,000 AT RISK PER DAY
$3,600,000 AT RISK PER MONTH
$43 MILLION AT RISK PER YEAR
UNCERTAINTY- RISK
Under Registration
Deprives the seller of entitled revenue
Over Registration
Customer complaints and loss of good will
Possible retroactive rebates
Potential lawsuits
We are seeking the truth (CERTAINTY) in
measurement
Uncertainty is RISK associated with the
transaction
TYPICAL SYSTEM P&ID
DESIGN FOR LOWEST TOTAL

OWNERSHIP COST
TOTAL COST FOR ASSET OVER LIFE =

INITIAL COST
+ Y x YEARLY ENERGY COST TO OPERATE
+ Y x YEARLY OPERATOR LABOR COST
+ Y x YEARLY CALIBRATION LABOR COST
+ Y x YEARLY MAINTENANCE LABOR AND
MATERIALS COSTS
Where Y represents life of project, typically 20

years.
OPERATING ENERGY COST
CONSIDERATIONS
PUMPING COSTS DUE TO PRESSURE DROP
PRESSURE DROP DUE TO
HEADER SIZE AND DESIGN
STRAINER DESIGN (EXCEPT FOR ULTRASONIC METER SYSTEMS)
METER TECHNOLOGY SELECTED
o ULTRASONIC
o POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
o HELICAL TURBINE
o CONVENTIONAL TURBINE
o CORIOLIS
SAMPLER MIXING METHOD

o JET MIXER- PUMP REQUIRES ENERGY
o STATIC MIXER
BLOCK VALVE SIZING

CONTROL VALVE SIZING
METER SELECTION -
FLOW RATE
VISCOSITY
METER RUN QTY. VS SIZE
METER SELECTION RULE OF
THUMB BASED ON FLOW RATE
AND VISCOSITY
QUALITY SKID
LINE EXTRACTION DEVICES
SLIP STREAM PUMPS
DENSITOMETER(S)
VISCOMETER(S)
FLOW METER AND CONTROL VALVE IN LOOP
BS & W MONITOR
SAMPLER
SKID AUTOMATION
MOTOR OPERATED VALVES

REMOTE READOUT EQUIPMENT
METER TRANSMITTERS
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE
CONTROL ROOM OR SKID MOUNTED FLOW
COMPUTER I/O
CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTS-
FOR OPERATOR EASE
FLOW COMPUTERS
GRAPHIC PANELS FOR BACKUP
REDUNDANT CONFIGURATIONS
PLC FOR VALVE INTERLOCK
CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTS
SUPERVISORY COMPUTERS
CONTROL
DATA COLLECTION
AUTOMATED PROVING
EXTENSIVE REPORTING AND ARCHIVING
SOPHISTICATED MAN MACHINE INTERFACES
COMMUNICATION INTERFACES
METER AND PROVER DIAGNOSTICS
TYPICAL HMI SCREEN
TYPICAL CRT SCREEN
Meter Performance Analysis
Software
MAINTENANCE and CALIBRATION
ISSUES
PROPER MATERIALS AND COATINGS TO BATTLE

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CORROSION
EASE OF ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT ROUTINELY
CALIBRATED OR SERVICED
SET UP MAINTENANCE INTERVALS BASED ON
EXPERIENCE AND OBSERVED STABILITY OF
EQUIPMENT
INSTALL REDUNDANT EQUIPMENT AND DO
CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE
TRACK ALL MAINTENANCE
Case Study - Metering
Maintenance Contract Overview

Start Date: 1 October 2004
st
Duration: 5 years plus 5 x 1

year options
Original Scope
UK (1 onshore plant, 16
offshore platforms, 68,000
man hours)
NL (157 onshore sites, 22
offshore platforms, 38,000
man hours)
NO (1 onshore site, 1 offshore
platform, 11,000 man hours)
26
Contract Framework
Program Management
Administration Planning and Operations Consultancy and Engineering
Client reputation protection

Compliance Delivery Technical measurement support
Work control systems Mismeasurements
Purchasing
Breakdown response Audit support
Work registration
Scheduling and planning Management of audit actions
Invoicing
Work Preparation Calibration verifications
Payment problems resolution
1st technical line support Metering philosophy development
Subcontract management
SAP Improvements Procedure writing
Monthly commercial reporting
Field Execution Calibration sheet design
Monthly forecasting
Test equipment management Engineering design review
Spares management PMA Collaboration
Monthly operational reporting Project support
QA
27
Contract Personnel
Total of 65 people:
Program Management (1)
Administration (6) Planning and Operations (44) Consultancy and Engineering (14)
UK UK UK
1 Contract Manager (50%)1 3 Planning Engineers1 1 Senior Consultant1
3 Administrators1 22 Metering Technicians1 6 Metering Engineers1
NL NL NL
2 Administrators 3 Planning Engineers 1 Senior Consultant
1 Financial controller (20%) 12 Metering Technicians2 4 Metering Engineers
NO NO NO
1 Administrator (10%) 3 Metering Technicians 1 Senior Consultant
1 Analyser Specialist3 1 Metering Engineer
28
Equipment Supported
SCOPE OF EQUIPMENT SUPPORTED
FLOW COMPUTERS:
S500S, S600S, MICRO 5000S, OMNI, SOLARTRON 7915, 7951, 7925, 7922, 7955,
869M,INTROMET FC500, FC2000, NETOIL, DANIELS S103, PROMAC, CONTREC
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DEVICES:

MAGFLOWS, MULITPHASE METERS, TURBINE METERS, ULTRASONIC METERS, ORIFICE
METERS, V-CONE METERS, ANNUBARS, CORIOLIS METERS, POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT METERS, DP AND PT TRANSMITTERS, TEMPERATURE
TRANSMITTERS, 3095 MV, GAS AND OIL DENSITY TRANSDUCERS
MICROMETER, YOKOGAWA, SOLARTRON, FOXBORO, E+H, ABB, KROHNE, ROXAR,
FRAMO, FAURE HERMAN, BROOKS, DANIELS, ROSEMEOUNT, PECO, HECO, FMC,
MICRO MOTION
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12.
Equipment Supported
SCOPE OF EQUIPMENT SUPPORTED
ANALYSERS:
OIPW ANALYSERS, WIO ANALYSERS, RD ANALYSERS, PYCNOMETERS, CHROMATS,
DEW POINT ANALYSERS, H2S ANALYSERS
ROXAR, DANIELS, SOLARTRON, E+H, SIEMENS, MICHELL, AMETEK, ABB, HOBRE
PROVERS AND MASTER METERS (10 36):

12 SITES
SAMPLING SYSTEMS:
WELKER, JISKOOT
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT:
KPIs
HSE
Behavioural
Performance
Innovations
Savings
31
CONTRACT BENEFITS: MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
32
CONTRACT BENEFITS: MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
33
CONTRACT BENEFITS
Complete bespoke management system and infrastructure

developed and implemented:
Operational infrastructure
Operating systems and procedures
Planning and scheduling tools
Work instructions
Calibration sheets
Mismeasurement management
Audit Management
34
CONCLUSIONS
Ongoing costs of operation and

maintenance of petroleum custody
transfer measurement systems over a 20
year project life can predominate over
initial equipment investment.
It is important to design the equipment for
low ongoing costs. Initial cost may be
higher to do this.
Sophisticated diagnostic systems and
equipment can reduce ongoing costs; for
example condition based maintenance.
CONCLUSIONS
Operation and maintenance of these

systems requires specialists trained on the
large variety of components comprising
the systems with oversight by engineers.
Systematic scheduling of preventive
maintenance and corrective maintenance
can lead to lower maintenance costs.
A sophisticated reporting system enables
greater transparency of total costs and
facilitates decisions to optimize costs.
CUSTODY MEASUREMENT
STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION
INITIATIVE
KHALID A. AL-FADHL
Chairman, Custody Measurement Standards Committee
Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco)
CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE
_______________________________________________________________
Outlines:
1. Introduction
2. What is Standards Globalization?
3. Benefits of Globalization
4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure
5. Globalization Approach and Strategy
6. Custody Measurement Standards Globalization
Initiative
7. Challenges
8. Conclusions
9. Recommendations
Slide # 1
_______________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards are at the

center of engineering intellectual know-how and
serve as the safety net for building safe, reliable
and cost effective facilities.
Are the standards aligned with International

Standards?
Are they the main reason behind the
exponentially increasing capital projects cost?
or, they need optimization?
Slide # 2
_______________________________________________________________
Globalization is a process to enhance the

alignment Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards
with the international or Industry standards.
A result of Benchmarking Exercise conducted in

2007 against regional and International oil
companies and standards organizations such as
GSO, OGP and ISO.
Slide # 3
_______________________________________________________________
2. What is Standards Globalization? (Conted)
Exercise showed that Saudi Aramco is in the

leading edge in terms of engineering standards
management practices and systems
Chairmen and Subject Matter Experts are required

to revisit the requirements that do not add value
to the design.
Participate in the activities of the international

standards organizations to inject the Saudi Aramco
mandatory requirement to these organizations
Slide # 4
_______________________________________________________________
Slide # 5
_______________________________________________________________
Eliminate special requirements that may
increase project costs
Slide # 5
_______________________________________________________________
Increase the number of potential suppliers of
material
Slide # 5
_______________________________________________________________
material
Reduce manpower required to maintain
company standards
Slide # 5
_______________________________________________________________
material
company standards
Help build local industry around international
standards to better compete in the global
market
Slide # 5
_______________________________________________________________
material
company standards
Help build local industry around international
standards to better compete in the global
market
Develop cost estimates more economically.
Slide # 5
_______________________________________________________________
Board of Engineers chaired by Engineering

Services Chief Engineer bears the responsibility
of the Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards and
Specifications
Slide # 6
_______________________________________________________________
Slide # 7
_______________________________________________________________
More than 2300 standards; from which, more

than 1200 are considered mandatory.
Slide # 7
_______________________________________________________________

37 standards committees with members of more

than 500 people from 17 different organizations
Slide # 7
_______________________________________________________________

37 standards committees with members of more

than 500 people from 17 different organizations
Corporate management systems have been

established to manage the review and approval
process of the engineering standards
Slide # 7
_______________________________________________________________
Corporate management systems have been

established to manage the review and approval
process of the engineering standards.
Slide # 8
_______________________________________________________________
Standard Review Model
Slide # 9
_______________________________________________________________
Slide # 10
_______________________________________________________________
Developing a snapshot of the current state of

Saudi Aramco standards and conducting Gap
Analysis by Saudi Aramco Subject Matter
Experts each in his discipline.
Slide # 10
_______________________________________________________________

Performing Value Engineering studies for the

engineering standards.
Slide # 10
_______________________________________________________________

Performing Value Engineering studies for the

engineering standards.
Participating in International Standards

Development
Slide # 10
_______________________________________________________________
Slide # 11
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
A. Custody Measurement Engineering Documents:
4 SAEPs (Engineering Procedures)

5 SAESs (Engineering Standards
14 SAMSSs (Material System Specifications)
In addition to Standards Drawings, ISSs, &

Inspection Forms
Slide # 12
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
B. Development and Revision Process of Custody

Measurement Engineering documents
Slide # 13
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
B. Development and Revision Process of Custody

Measurement Engineering documents
C. Gap Analysis
Exception Format is used to develop
documents that have a reference
international document.
Normative Format is used to develop
documents that do not have a reference
international document.
Slide # 13
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
D. Value Engineering Studies:
Three value engineering studies were

performed on most important measurement
documents.
Slide # 14
_______________________________________________________________
No. of VE Estimated
Document No. of VE
Document Title Date Recommend Cost
No. Proposals
-ations Avoidance ($)
SAES-Y-101 Custody Metering of 14 30 7,400,000
Hydrocarbon Gases
5/9-13/2009
SAES-Y-103 Royalty/Custody Metering of 18 33 30,000,000
Hydrocarbon Liquids
34-SAMSS-119 Bi-directional prover 4 19 816,200
34-SAMSS-120 Uni-directional meter prover 4 6 816,200
34-SAMSS-121 Small Volume Prover 8/2-4/2010 2 33 880,000
34-SAMSS-122 Atmospheric Portable Tank 0 9 0

Prover
34-SAMSS-112 Orifice Meter for Gas Custody 1 8 TBD
Measurement
10/4-5/2011
34-SAMSS-114 Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Gas 2 11 TBD
Custody Measurement
Slide # 15
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
D. Value Engineering Studies:(Cont.ed)
Two value engineering studies are planned to

be performed
Slide # 16
_______________________________________________________________
Document No. Document Title Date
SAES-Y-501 Dynamic Sampling of Hydrocarbon Liquids for Royalty/Custody

Transfers
34-SAMSS-525 Automatic Sampling Systems for Crude Oil and Refined Products July 2012
34-SAMSS-526 Automatic Sampling Systems for Hydrocarbon Gases
34-SAMSS-841 Flow Computer for Custody Transfer Measurement of

Hydrocarbon Liquids
34-SAMSS-846 Flow Computers for Custody Transfer Measurement of
Hydrocarbon Gases October 2013
34-SAMSS-847 Preset Controller for Truck Loading and Unloading Systems
34-SAMSS-851 Metering Supervisory Computer for Custody Transfer

Measurement of Hydrocarbon Liquids
Slide # 17
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
E. Participation in the International Standards

Organizations:
American Petroleum Institute (API) Petroleum

Measurement subcommittees
(COGFM, COMA, COLM & COMQ)
Slide # 18
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:

Organizations:
American Society for Testing and Materials

(ASTM)
Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and
Lubricants
Slide # 19
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:

Organizations:
International Organization for Standards

(ISO)
Saudi Standard, Metrology and Quality
Organization (SASO) delegated Saudi Aramco
represented by CMU to review and vote on
the international standards submitted by ISO
TC-28, Petroleum products and lubricants.
Slide # 20
_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:

Organizations:
American Gas Association (AGA)

CMU participates in AGA activities by
reviewing the reports developed in the field
of gas measurement.
Slide # 21
_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:
Slide # 22
_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:
a) Implementation process of the initiative differs

from one discipline to another.
Slide # 22
_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:

b) Involvement of the Subject Matter Experts in the
increasing day-to-day activities.
Slide # 22
_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:

c) Standards Cross Referencing
Slide # 22
_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:

c) Standards Cross Referencing
d) Shortages in the local and international subject
matter experts
Slide # 22
_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges: (Conted)
e) Geographical diversity do not permit attending

International standards organizations working
group meetings
Slide # 23
_______________________________________________________________

group meetings
f) Long time for developing and approving the
reference standard document
Slide # 23
_______________________________________________________________

group meetings
f) Long time for developing and approving the
reference standard document
g) Marketing SA standards requires referring to
international standards not SA document
Slide # 23
_______________________________________________________________
8. Conclusion
Saudi Aramco, through Globalization Initiative,
made a significant progress in optimizing the
alignment of its technical requirements with the
international standards.
Some of the Saudi Aramco standards were
adopted by GSO and others were submitted to ISO
for adaptation.
Slide # 24
_______________________________________________________________
9. Recommendations:
All the necessary resources should be allocated to

implement the Globalization Initiative
requirements such as:
Participation of Subject Matter Experts in the

International Standard Organizations activities.
Conducting Value Engineering Studies
Slide # 25
_______________________________________________________________
Summary:
1. Introduction
Initiative
7. Challenges
8. Conclusion
9. Recommendations
Questions?
JISKOOTTM QUALITY SYSTEMS
Real-world proving and maintenance of

sampling/quality measurement system
accuracy using international standards
CMTEM Saudi Aramco - Nov 2011

Jon Moreau Cameron Measurement Systems - Jiskoot
Mark Jiskoot Cameron Measurement Systems Jiskoot
Change in the last 20 years?
1990s 2011
How much has your quality measurement changed?
Real world sampling accuracy - topics
International losses
Quantity v- quality measurement
Proving the accuracy of quality measurement
systems
Proving acceptance criteria
The performance of different system designs
Effects on density and OWD measurement
Maintaining system accuracy
EI HMC4 Measurement committee crude oil losses
Potential quality measurement loss > $300m pa @ 0.16%
$500,000,000
$450,000,000
$400,000,000
$350,000,000
$300,000,000
$250,000,000
Losses
$200,000,000
$150,000,000
$100,000,000
$50,000,000
$0
0.000% 0.040% 0.080% 0.120% 0.160% 0.200% 0.240%
Effect of quality measurement on overall accuracy??
Importance of accuracy
Crude oil cargo - 300,000 m3
1cc sample grabs taken, 10,000 per batch
10 litre sample taken to lab for analysis
1 100ml analysed for water - depending on method
Volume analysed can be 1 in 300 BILLION
1 in 300,000,000,000
Sampling standards
34SAMSS 525
SAESY-501
ISO 3171
API 8.2 called by above
IP 6.2 & ASTM 4177
(same as API)
Under the Phoenix agreement

EI and API are being merged and
it will then be balloted to replace
ISO 3171
Will include refined products!

Water injection proving the process
Proving results criteria ISO/IP
Proving to IP or ISO standard

Complies with API, ISO and IP!!
Proving to the API complies on with API
Remember planned unification of ISO and API
Proving results some systems fail!!
Independently certified systems ISO pass
Proving certificates!!!!!
Different sampling system types
Fast loop sampling system CoJetix sampling system

(External mixing needed if required) (Combined mixing and sampling)
In-line (probe based) sampling system

(External mixing needed if required)
Relative accuracy of crude oil sampling systems
1.40%
In line sampling system with poor
mixing
in-line sampling system with compliant
1.20%
mixing
Fast loop sampling system with
compliant mixing
1.00%
EFFECT
0.80%
OF POOR
Accuracy
MIXING
0.60%
ON WATER
CONTENT
MEASUREMENT
0.40%
0.20%
0.00%
Number of water injection tests

Performance of fast loop sampling systems (inc mixing)
Performance of in-line sampling systems (inc mixing)
Density measurement errors
Density measurement configuration bias
Reducing uncertainty and maintaining accuracy
Specify, design, install and commission correctly
Pipeline mixing LARGEST EFFECT ON ACCURACY

Step 1
Representative sampling of the batch

Step 2
Sample handling and mixing

Step 3
Laboratory analysis process

Step 4
Prove the system in accordance with standards

Step 5
Collecting a representative batch sample
Performance Criteria for Permanent Sampling System
Installations
Grab factor
Performance factor
Flow sensor accuracy
Sampling time factor
Loop velocity (fast loops)
Fully automated with the control system monitoring and

controlling the sampler only informing the operator if a
failure occurs
Sample handling and mixing
Reduce the number of steps - Portable receivers
reduce uncertainty
L2)
Fixed receivers with

mixing in the field create a
second L2 step in an
environment outside lab
control
Maintaining system performance
Prove
installed
system by
water
injection
Confirm
Validate and
mixing
ensure
performance
system
v design
reliability
parameters Certified
quality
measurement
system
Validate
Validate
handling,
system
laboratory
performance
process
Summary
1.
Design and
specification
8. 2.
Revalidation Installation
and proving and
as required commission
7. Certified 3.
Confirm accuracy Proving in
operating & accordance
envelope
reduced with
same as
standards
design losses
6. 4.
Validation of Batch
sampling certification
and analysis of
process performance
5.
Maintenance
schedule
So what does your quality measurement look like?
1973 OR - 2011?
Thank You
Questions?
November 2011
BTU Gas Measurements
Challenges & Optimization
Abdulaziz A. Al-Faraj
Saudi Aramco
Copyright 2011, Saudi Aramco. All rights reserved.

Objective
Share with you our experience and challenges

encountered to accurately measure the BTU for
a widely distributed gas network
Outlines
Background
Existing Methods
Challenges
Optimization Methods
Conclusion
Background
Ras Al KhairJubail Royal Commission Pressure : 300 1000 PSIG
The MasterBerri
GasPower
System
Plant consists of:
Jubail Royal Commission Flow : around 4.2 BSCFD in
the Eastern Province
1-KGP
Major gas plant producers
Temperature : 70 150 F
2- ComplexBerri
pipelines network Wusta BTU: 900 1280
Desalination Plant
Berri Junction
3-BGP
Major junction sites Ghazlan Power Plant 1 & 2
Refinery and Fractionation

Juaymah Junction
4- Low pressure distribution system
Azizyiah Desalination Plant
5- Metering skids Dammam/Khobar Area
Qatif Junction Dammam Industrial Plants
SGP,UGP,
HGP, HYGP
Importance of Gas Sampling
Flow On-Line
Computer Analyzer
FT High FCV (A)

FT Low PT TT
SAUDI
ARAMCO CUSTOMER
Class-I
Valve Orifice FCV (B)
Metering Skid Classification
Secondary
20 MM SCFD
Small Gas Metering System
Composite Sampler
Primary
200 MM SCFD Primary 20 MM SCFD
Medium Gas Metering System Online GC
or a representative sample from another GC
Major
> 200 MM SCFD
Large Gas Metering System
Independent Online GC required
SAMPLING METHODS
Automatic (Composite) Sampling Online Sampling

LIMITATIONS
Is Not Based ON Real-time Value

Composite
Sampling
The Process Labor/Time Intensive
Laboratory Dependent
Online Analyzer
LIMITATIONS
High Initial Cost
Need of Highly Skilled Personnel
Requires Carrier & Calibration Gas

Challenges
Challenges
1- Continuously Improve the Accuracy in Determining the
Value of BTU In Order to Reduce Uncertainty
Challenges
2- Improve Efficiency
Challenges
3- Gas Composition Variations
Challenges
4- Enhance Coordination Efforts Amongst Involved Parties in
Determining the BTU Value
Engineering
Maintenance
Operation
Laboratory
Challenges
5- Match BTU With That of Our Customers to Eliminate
Potential Claims
Using different standards
Using different measurement methods
Involvement of different parties

Challenges
5- Special Maintenance Requirements
Periodical PM
Require Special Crew
Supply Carrier & Calibration of

Gas
Secure Resources
1- Automate Gas Sampling Processes In Order to Reduce
Manual Activities
2- Network Enhancement
Centralized
Location
Gas Composition
BTU
& other Data to BTU
AIT F.C
Costumer A
Update MMBTU at
Local Flow Computer
Costumer A
Sample line
Costumer C
Sales Gas Header Costumer B Costumer D

Update MMBTU for selected flow
computers at the costumers sites
3- Continuously Improve Workforce Skills and
Competencies
4- Improve Existing Policies and Regulations

Conclusion
Determining the Most Accurate BTU Value is Highly Critical to any
Sales Organizations.
Gas Sampling Method Selection Shall be Based on Achieving Best

BTU Results
Online Gas Chromatographs Are in Most Cases More Cost Effective
Optimization Shall Be Adopted Continuously

Thank You
Custody and Royalty Metering Skids
Operation and Maintenance Challenges
November 21, 2011
Ahmad I. Al-Shaye
Saudi Aramco
NA Pipelines Department
Outline
System Overview
Our Customers
Duties and Responsibilities
Challenges
Conclusion
Overview
Saudi Aramco Pipelines Mission
Transport hydrocarbons throughout

the kingdom safely, reliably and in
an environmentally responsible way
Ras Al-Khair
Jubail
Ras Tanura
Dhahran
Our Customers
Sector # Metering Stations Total #
RC Primary 42
Industries
Sales Gas RC Secondary 20
& Ethane Industries 77
(Custody) Electricity &Water 10
Desalination
Others 5
Crude Oil Refineries 2
(Royalty) Petrochemicals 1 3
The Sales Gas Ring
JUBAIL
KAYAN
SECONDARY
INDUSTRIES
CHEMANOL SEPC 20 Customers
HADEED
ALRAZI
NCP SCP SPC SIPCHEM

JUPC
APPC
Sales Gas Ring

WAHA
Zamil EAP Sahra- SAMAD

KEMYA Tasnee FARABI
Sahra- IBN AL
IBN SINA
SHARQ BAYTAR
PETROKEMYA Maaden EDC
SABIC- IBN ZAHR SAFCO

SASREF SADAF SIPCHEM
The Secondary Ring
GULF
SODA GLASS FIBER MODECOR JANA HASAD
GUARD
BILAD
NAJI
Secondary Ring
INDIPCO
HAMRANI UNI COIL
SFCCL ASLAK LATEX ACICO UGSCL
TAYF JESCO EPTECO

The Ethane Ring
NCP SEPC JUPC KAYAN SHARQ
Ethane Ring
SABIC SIPCHEM
PETROKEMYA KEMYA SADAF
(ABS) Integrated
Typical Metering Station
Flow Computer Bldg.
Central
Dispatch
System
FT High FT Low PT TT FCV (A)

Isolation
Valve
SAUDI ARAMCO CUSTOMER
Flow Meter
FCV (B)
General Requirements
Measurements Operations
Metering Skids Maintenance
Customers Issues
General Requirements
Operate and Maintain Safely and Reliably
Conduct Regular Audits
Revalidate Lateral Lines
Replace Obsolete Equipment
Collect Regular Gas/Crude

Oil Samples and Send to
LAB
Conduct Periodical Proving

on Royalty Crude Oil System
Enter BTU, API, S&W Values

to Generate Delivery Tickets
Collecting The Daily Delivery

Tickets on Weekly Basis
Generate Monthly Gas

Consumption for Billing
Metering Skids Maintenance
Instruments Calibrations
Meter Inspection / Diagnosis
Checking Flow Calculations
Perform Software Back up
Stroking the Main Valve Yearly

Customers Issues
Measurement Discrepancies
Operational Mode changes
Expansion or Demolition
New Projects
Challenges
Continuously Improve Gas Measurement
Accuracy In Order to Reduce Uncertainty
Challenges
No. of Metering Stations"
90
Cope with Continuous
Growth 80
70
Flexibility 60
Adaptability 50
40
30
2005
2003
2004
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Challenges
Special Logistics
Requirements
Scattered and Restricted
Metering Skids
Challenges
Meeting Company and Customers Demands
Continuously Improve Efficiency of Processes
Maintain Optimum Accuracy and Reliability
Deploy Advanced Technologies
Automate Manual Activities
Continue to Perform Regular

Audits by Third Party to Raise
Confidence Level
Optimization Tools
Build up Metering Skills and Competencies
Enhance Planning and Coordination with

Customers
Summary
System Overview
Our Customers
Challenges
Potential Improvement Methods
Thank you
Areas for Improvement in
Hydrocarbon Liquid Metering Systems
Dr Mohammed Salim
Saudi Aramco
1
Partnering for results
"Any fool can make things bigger, more complex and

more violent. It takes a touch of genius - and a lot of
courage - to move in the opposite direction."
Albert Einstein, scientist
2
Presentation overview
Presenting the simplest view of hydrocarbon liquid metering systems
Metering system field components
Metering Control System Architecture
System components
Communication
Intelligence
Testing
Training and certification
Summary
3
Inlet Outlet
4
5
Major field problem component
Impacts measurement!
Is there no other way?
6
Automatic integrity test on double block and bleed valves
Valves limit switches
Wiring between field and control room
7
Labor intensive and tedious
Can we not improve?
8
Metering control system architecture
MSC A MSC B
NETWORK
FC A FC B PLC
9
Metering control system flow computer
Is technology simplifying this critical component?
Are configuration/programming tools making it simple to use?
Remote I/Os?
All skid valves for meters it can handle?
10
Metering control system PLC
Simple valve control and interlocks
Failure modes
How to reduce wiring between field and control room
11
Metering control system supervisory computer
Intelligence Key areas

Integration
Redundancy
Reports
Alarms
Documentations
Testing
Training & certification
Major concern No major problems

Application
Communication
Operating system
12
Metering control system integration
Experience in custody transfer measurement process
Minimum number of software modules to design system
Standard off-the-shelf SCADA vs in-house packages
Proprietary vs open source code
13
Metering control system redundancy
SCADA off-the-shelf vs programmed
Data synchronization in redundant systems
Failure modes and recovery
14
Metering control system reports
Reports synchronization in a redundant system
Archiving for ease of reviewing
Historical reports archive management
15
Metering control system alarms
Improve alarm segregation e.g. system, process and measurement
Listing all alarms in provided documentation
system wide acknowledgment
16
Metering control system documentation
Documentation should help in removing black box concept
All documentations should be available online on MSC
One detailed document providing A-Z on re-building system from scratch
17
Metering control system testing
Remote I/Os will resolve wiring issues on skid and control panel at FAT
The FAT documents must demonstrate all design requirements
All FAT tests should be at maximum design
18
Metering control system training & certification
Technician training
Engineer training
Do we have certification programs?
19
Metering control system intelligence
Reducing data monitoring updates
Measurement system performance tracking
Meter history and performance tracking
Prover history and performance tracking
20
Metering control system communication
Failure and recovery modes
Standard platform for approved SCADA packages
Intelligent data monitoring
In-Built redundancy
21
Summary
Highlighted areas for improvements
- Metering system field components
- Metering control system architecture
- Components
- Communication
- Intelligence
- Testing
- Training and certification
22
Thank you for listening
Any Questions?
23
An Integral Approach To
Custody Transfer Data Management
Han van Dal

Spirit Innovative Technologies
Statement
With respect to Custody Transfer Data the current

generation of Metering Control Systems is
dumb
inaccurate
time-consuming
Contents
What is Custody Transfer Data?
What can be improved?
Relation to system uncertainty
Case study
Conclusions
Custody Transfer Data
API MPMS 21.1 (Gas) & 21.2 (Liquid)

Quantity Transaction Records
Configuration Logs
HW & SW Versions
Event Logs
Field Test Reports
Corrections with their reason
Why?
To verify correctness of data
To allow for correction of failures
Old situation
Custody Transfer Data = Set of printouts

Current situation
Custody Transfer Data = Set of electronic files

What can be improved?
Metering Control Systems are made for:
Daily operation
and not for:

Technicians
Metering specialists
Auditors
Accounting staff
Purpose #1: Correctness of data
Are all settings correct?

Any changes in settings, SW or HW?
Calibrations performed in time?
Any maintenance applied?
Have measurement failures occurred?
Have tickets been corrected?
If so, how and why?
Purpose #2: Correction of failures
How big is the error (financial value)?

Is correction worth the trouble?
What is the best guess for the failed input?
How to accurately recalculate the ticket?
How to convince the Buyer?
What else can be improved?
Is the overall system accuracy within spec?

Why wasnt the frozen value detected earlier?
How is my meter doing?
Is any transmitter drifting?
Whats the density of water in all flowcomps?
Integral CT Data Management
Relational data (meter tickets & audit trail)

IT (data storage, cyber-security, integrity)
Configuration management (FC, EFM)
Detection
Overview
Correction
Mismeasurement detection
Flow computer alarms
But also: 1.5
Flow meter diagnostics 1
Smart transmitter diagnostics

0.5
QMI diagnostics -0.5
On-line data validation

-1
-1.5
On-line logical checks

Control Charts
CUSUM Charts
Mismeasurement overview
CT data trend
Measurement Alarms
Historical Meter
Ticket Overview .. with
Financial
Correction
Measurement Events
Mismeasurement correction
Best guess for failed input?

What was the correct setting?
How to recalculate the ticket?
How to convince the buyer?
System uncertainty
Metering equipment
Proving
Sampling
Laboratory analysis
Flow computers
Meter ticket recalculation
API MPMS 12.2
Proving (Meter factor)
Sampling (density, BS&W)
Meter ticket correction

Equipment failures
Faulty data entries
Failed field calibrations
Meter Ticket Recalculation
1. BATCH NUMBER 050511
2. TYPE OF LIQUID NG
3. METER CLOSING READING (DATE/TIME) 05/06/11 00:00
4. METER OPENING READING (DATE/TIME) 05/05/11 00:00
5. NET DELIVERY TIME 24.001 hours
6. METER CLOSING READING 23208593 bbl
7. METER OPENING READING 23167330 bbl
8. INDICATED VOLUME 41263 bbl
9. AVERAGE FLOW RATE 1705.4 bbl/h
10. GROSS VOLUME 41258.87 bbl
11. AVERAGE METER FACTOR 1.0001
12. OBSERVED RELATIVE DENSITY 0.0000 M
13. OBSERVED TEMPERATURE 0.0 F M
14. RELATIVE DENSITY AT 60F 0.6646
15. WEIGHTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE 94.4 F
16. TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTOR (CTLm) 0.9732
17. WEIGHTED AVERAGE PRESSURE 317.6 psig
18. PRESSURE CORRECTION FACTOR (CPLm) 1.0044
19. COMBINED CORRECTION FACTOR (CCFm) 0.9775
20. NET STD VOL AT 60F & 14.696 psia (0 psig) 40355.30 bbls
21. NET STD VOL AT 15C & 101.325 kPa (0 kPa (ga)) 6410.843 m3
22. NET WEIGHT 4185.52 long tons
22. NET WEIGHT 4252.70 metric tons
100000 bbl
65 API60
100000 bbl
76 F
65 API60
75 F 205 psi
GSV 99120 bbl
195 psi
GSV 99180 bbl
Up to 0.01% difference
at stable conditions
API MPMS 12.2

200000 bbl
65 API60
75.5 F
200 psi
GSV 198320 bbl
Significant difference
at highly fluctuating
conditions
For example
Flow computer
GSV = 37942 bbl
API MPMS 12.2

GSV = 37978 bbl
Up to 0.10%
1. METER CLOSING READING (DATE/TIME) 05/06/11 00:00
2. METER OPENING READING (DATE/TIME) 05/05/11 00:00
3. NET DELIVERY TIME 24.001 hours
6. METER CLOSING READING 23388.593 MMSCF
7. METER OPENING READING 23167.330 MMSCF
8. TOTAL VOLUME 221.263 MMSCF
11. AVERAGE FLOW RATE 221.012 MMSCFD
12. AVERAGE DIFF PRESSURE 23.12 inch WC
13. AVERAGE TEMPERATURE 113.3 F
17. AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE 1317.6 psig
18. AVERAGE DENSITY 6.45 lb/SCF
Inaccurate for
Gas
dP flow meters
q (dP x P) FWA dP is useless
Meter Ticket Correction
Case : Temperature fails for 35 minutes
What is the additional uncertainty of the different

correction methods for liquid and gas ?
Basic conventional correction method
Optimal conventional correction method

New API MPMS Ch21 based correction method
* Patent pending *
Correction Liquid Liquid Gas Gas

Turbine Turbine Orifice Orifice
Steady Fluctuating FWA dP TWA dPxP
Basic correction 0.06% 0.83% 3.22% 0.30%
Optimal correction 0.02% 0.14% 3.22% 0.22%
API 21 based cor. 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Relative to corrected quantity that would have been calculated at 1 sec resolution
Conclusions
Accurate correction is currently NOT possible for

many applications
New API 21 method is accurate for all meter
types, liquid and gas
Automation of Mismeasurement Management
makes systems smart
saves time and resources
avoids disputes with buyer
dumb smart
inaccurate accurate
time-consuming time-saving
Smart, accurate and highly automated
Metering Control Systems
to achieve comprehensive and integral
Custody Transfer Data Management
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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Technical Proceedings-

November 21-23, 2011

We are seeking the truth!

ACCURACY- HIGH CERTAINTY- LOW

METERING +/- O.1 %

DESIGN FOR LOWEST TOTAL

TOTAL COST FOR ASSET OVER LIFE =

Where Y represents life of project, typically 20

SAMPLER MIXING METHOD

BLOCK VALVE SIZING

MOTOR OPERATED VALVES

PROPER MATERIALS AND COATINGS TO BATTLE

Maintenance Contract Overview

Duration: 5 years plus 5 x 1

Administration Planning and Operations Consultancy and Engineering

Client reputation protection

Program Management (1)

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DEVICES:

PROVERS AND MASTER METERS (10 36):

Complete bespoke management system and infrastructure

Ongoing costs of operation and

Operation and maintenance of these

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards are at the

Are the standards aligned with International

2. What is Standards Globalization?

Globalization is a process to enhance the

A result of Benchmarking Exercise conducted in

2. What is Standards Globalization? (Conted)

Exercise showed that Saudi Aramco is in the

Chairmen and Subject Matter Experts are required

Participate in the activities of the international

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

Board of Engineers chaired by Engineering

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

More than 2300 standards; from which, more

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

More than 2300 standards; from which, more

37 standards committees with members of more

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

More than 2300 standards; from which, more

37 standards committees with members of more

Corporate management systems have been

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

Corporate management systems have been

Standard Review Model

5. Globalization Approach and Strategy

5. Globalization Approach and Strategy

Developing a snapshot of the current state of

5. Globalization Approach and Strategy

Developing a snapshot of the current state of

Performing Value Engineering studies for the

5. Globalization Approach and Strategy

Developing a snapshot of the current state of

Performing Value Engineering studies for the

Participating in International Standards

6. Custody Measurement Standards Globalization

A. Custody Measurement Engineering Documents:

4 SAEPs (Engineering Procedures)

In addition to Standards Drawings, ISSs, &

6. Custody Measurement Standards Globalization

B. Development and Revision Process of Custody

6. Custody Measurement Standards Globalization