..

.. () () () ()
.. ( )
..

(device)



(appliance)

(equipment)





(air terminal)

(down conductor)

(bonding conductor)

(earth terminal)

(.)
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC)


()
()

()

() (single line diagram)

() (load schedule)

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()

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()

()

.

() (.)

(.)
.
Loose Fill
Connection
(.) .

. Tight Fill
Connection

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(.) .


.
() (.)






(.)
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() (.)


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.


() (.)


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() (.) .

(.) .


()

.

() (.)

(.)
.
loose fill
connection
(.) .

.
tight fill connection

() (.)

(.) .

. ()


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.

(bleeders)


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.



()


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.
(vapor-air
mixtures)
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()
(.)
(.) .

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()



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(artificial ventilation) . ()








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()
() Underwriters Laboratories , Inc. (UL)
() Electrical Equipment Certification Services (EECS)
() Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
() Laboratoire Central des Industries Electriques (LCIE)
() Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano (CESI)
() Canada Standard Association (CSA)
() Technology Institution of Industrial Safety (TIIS)
()

()
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()



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()



()
.
.
() (hot - dipped
galvanized steel) (copper - clad steel)
.
. .
()
()

()
(hot - dip galvanized steel)

() () . .
() . .
() () . .
() . .
() . .
()
() . .
()
() () . .
() . .
()
() . .
()
() () . .
() . .
()
() . .
()





() () . .
() . .

(exothermic weld)

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.
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()


() .


()

() ()

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