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Piaget Assignment
Piaget Assignment
DEVELOPMENT
.
Introduction:
Jean Piaget is a well known philosopher of psychology. He performed many experiments and
contributed a lot in the field of psychology. The present project is about his theory of
psychological developments. The first part of the project presents an outline of his theory while
developmental stages theory. It describes various stages through which a child develops from
years of a childs life. In this stage the infants corresponds with the external world mainly
through physical stimuli like seening and hearing. Infant gets knowledge of the world using
senses like touch and vision. At the beginning of this stage an infant shows reflexive actions
Coordination of sensation and two types of schemes; habit and primary circular reacton. Physical
Contrary to first phase, intentional behavior develops like conscious grasping of objects. In order
to support the idea of secondary circular reaction, he gives example of a child who switches the
objects in the world. During this time, children begin to move towards understanding the world
another prominent characteristic of this stage. Children are unable to comprehend others point of
view. At this stage a child achieves semi logics. During this stage, the child learns to use and to
represent objects by images, words, and drawings, however, concrete logic is still beyond their
understanding. Children use symbols while playing and pretending. Role play is one such
children at this stage are good at the use of inductive logic. Inductive logic
of Cognitive Development)
Children at this period of age start understanding conservation and
reversibility. They now start realizing that quantity or amount does not
categorical labeling and concrete problem solving. They can classify objects
deductive logical reasoning. In previous stages child uses trial and error
method for solving problems but now he solves the problems in logical and
systematic way. He begins thinking about the possibilities for the future.
to him Piaget has identified the most important issue in cognitive psychology. The issue is how
does the mind develops and he has presented a convincing picture of this development. But the
same writer following Piaget for forty years, himself admits that now he has changed his mind
psychology, his theory has certain weak points also. There are some points which he ignored or
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underestimated while presenting his theory of psychological development. We can discuss them
Although they share many of the features, no two persons can be totally same. Even in same
situations they think and react in different ways. Then how can we except from the whole
the fashion, Piaget does. There are certain factors which determine individual differences.
Rejection of these factors will surely present an incomplete picture of a childs developing mind.
Piaget treats childrens mind as machines. He thinks their minds as clones, all similar and
identical.
2. Gender Differences
Piaget does not make any difference between male and female children. However, research
indicates that they aren't exactly blank slates, free of gender predispositions, when they are born.
(Miller, 2011) They are as different as blue and pink are; as dolls and trucks are. Girls are likely
to excel in the skills specific to girls even if they are grown up in opposite way. There physical
growth rate is different from that of boys especially during and after concrete operational stage.
Pace of developing motor skills is different for boys and girls. Burman in Science Daily says,
areas of the brain associated with language work harder in girls than in boys during language
tasks, and that boys and girls rely on different parts of the brain when performing these tasks.
(NorthwesternUniversity, 2008)
Similarly, girls mature into to the stages of puberty and adult faster than boys. So, we can say
gender differences are there. Piaget, perhaps was unaware of any such differences. Then how can
Piagets experiments regarding the process of psychological development are mainly carried on
his own three children. To some extant he also takes subjects from various societies and cultures.
Still his subjects cannot be regarded as true representative of whole mankind. Children grown up
in different cultures and geographical locations can exhibit different developmental patterns in
order to adapt to their local situations. Nature is always not so rigid and Piagets timeline cannot
be regarded universal.
4. Effect of Environment
Effect of environment can be studied under two headings;
i. Physical Environment
ii. Emotional Environment
comfortable environment where the entire basic requirements are provided will turn out to be a
happy child. On the other hand a poorly fed child facing harsh realities of life can become an
imbalance personality. What a child would be in future is determined very early long before he is
fully grown up adult. It is determined somewhere between sensory motor stage to the last phase
of formal operational stage. Piaget ignores the fact that different environments affect different
elders attitude. A child who is physically abused and is victim of corporal punishment at very
early age will turn out to be a shy or hesitant child. It is possible that such a child will be unable
to construct hypothesis at formal operation stage or know the rules of conservation at concrete
operational stage On the other hand a child who is loved, encouraged and emotionally supported
by his parents will be more confident. A satisfied child will be able to shed egocentrism at the
Piagets theory of psychological development is superficial and limited in scope. Human mind is
the most complex thing. Every person is a world in its own. Albeit, there are genetic differences,
all the children are same at the time of birth. They cry in the same way, their needs are same.
However, as they grow older, their individual differences are highlighted. These individual
differences are the part of psychological development. How can we apply Piagets theory to
individual differences?
Conclusion
It can be concluded on the basis of above arguments that although, Piaget enjoys international
fame in the field of educational psychology; he has contributed a lot in existing knowledge, his
limited in scope and cannot address all the issues related to the subject. It presents only one
Bibliography
Cherry, K. (n.d.). Background and key concepts of Piaget Theory. Retrieved Feburary 19, 2012,
from About.com Psychology: http://psychology.about.com
Gardner, H. (n.d.). The World Question Center. Retrieved Feb 20, 2012, from Edge:
http://www.edge.org/q2008/q08_1.html#gardner
NorthwesternUniversity. (2008, March 3). Boys and Girls Brain are different. Gender differences
in language appear biological. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development. (n.d.). Retrieved february 19, 2012, from In a
nutshell: http://www.telacommunications.com/nutshell/stages.htm
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