2.

1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

(Transmission Lines)
(Substations)




- Network Grid

1)
2)
3) (Transmission system)
4) (Distribution system)
5)
6)
 2 21

1.
. Power plant
. Distribution line
. Transmission line
. Subtransmission line
. Switch yard or Step up substation
2.
.
.
.
.
.
3.
. Hydroelectric power plant
. Gas turbine power plant
. Steam turbine power plant
. Cogeneration or Combined cycle power plant
. Coal-Fired Thermoelectric Power Plant
4.
. Solar farm
. Nuclear power plant
. Gas turbine power plant
. Hydroelectric power plant
. Steam turbine power plant
5.
. (Radial system)
. (Loop system)
. - (Tap-tie system)
. (Simple radial)
. (Network system)

22 2

6.

. Simple radial
. Banked secondary radial
. Primary selective radial
. Secondary selective radial
. Simple network
7.
. (Distribution transformer)
. (Subtransmission line)
. (Secondary substation)
. (Primary distribution line or High tension feeder)
. (Secondary distribution line or Low tension feeder)
8. Distribution transformer
.
.
.
.
.
9.
. Oil type
. Dry type cast resin
. Less-flammable liquid type
. Open type conservator tank
. Hermetically Sealed Fully Oil Filled
10.
. 22 kV 33 kV
. 11 kV 22 kV
. 12 kV 22 kV
. 12 kV 33 kV
. 12 kV 24 kV

 2 23

(Transmission Lines)
(Substations)



- Network
Grid
Main Grid National Transmission Grid
2.1 2.2

2.1 (Generating system)

(Prime
mover)
(Switch yard)

(Power plant)

20 kV

3.5 kV, 11 kV 13.8 kV
(Switch yard) 69 kV,
115 kV, 230 kV 500 kV
3
75

24 2

(Power plant)

(Generating system)
(Switch yard or Step up substation)

(Transmission line)

(Bulk power substation)

(Transmission system)

(Subtransmission line)

(Distribution substation)

(Primary feeder or
High tension feeder)

(Distribution system) (Distribution transformer)

(Secondary feeder or
Low tension feeder)

2.1

 2 25

2.2

26 2

2.1.1 (Hydroelectric power plant)





2.3

1
4

3



1

3 2

2.3
( : www.thummech.com)

2.1.2 (Gas turbine power plant)

25 %

2.4

 2 27

2.4
( : https://jobs.tva.com/power)

2.1.3 (Steam turbine power plant)

2.5

2.5
( : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_station)
(Thermo dynamics)
(Rankine cycle) (Steam boiler)

28 2

2.1.4 (Cogeneration or Combined cycle power plant)

2
550


2.6

2.6
( : http://www.midcogen.com)

2.1.5 (Nuclear power plant)

(Uranium)
(Nuclear reactor)

5 (Boiling water reactor), (Pressurized water
reactor), (Pressurized heavy - water reactor),
(High - temperature gas cooled reactor)
(Liquid - metal fast broader reactor) 2.7

 2 29

2.7
( : https://global.britannica.com)

2.1.6 (Coal-Fired Thermoelectric Power Plant)

Transfer house
800 /
1/4
boiler boiler 540
2,400 psi Turbine
Boiler 2,400 psi
Turbine 3,600 rpm Turbine Generator (
) Turbine
Condenser
(
CO2 , SO2 , NOx, ash, slag, gypsum) Electrosrtatic precipitators
(Fine ash) 99%
(Ash silo)

30 2

2.8
( : http://water.usgs.gov)
2.1.7 (Wind-electric turbine)
()

, ,
2 (Stand -
alone) 2.9

2.9
( : http://energy.gov/eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work )

 2 31

3 m/s 12
m/s

2.1.8 (Solar farm)

105 2
- (Photovoltaic conversion)
(Solar cell)
- (Solar thermodynamics conversion)
2

(PV Grid connected -

system)

2.10 (Solar farm)

2.2 (Transmission system)

(Load center)

32 2

(Overhead aerial line)

(Underground cable)
(Overhead ground wire)
(Steel tower)

- (Step-up substation)
- (Transmission line)
- (Primary substation)
- (Subtransmission line)
69 kV,
115 kV, 132 kV, 230 kV 500 kV
2.2.1 (Radial system) 2.11


(Fault)

2.11

1
() 1

2.11 2 2
(Interlock)

 2 33

2.2.2 (Loop system)

2.12
() ()

2.12

() B
C () 1 A
2 1 2
(Fault level) 2

2.2.3 - (Tap-tie system) (Tap)

(Tie) 2 2.13 2
2

34 2

2.13 -
2.2.4 (Network system)
2.14


(Gird system)
1 2

1 2 3 4

5 6 7

2.14

 2 35

2.3 (Distribution system)

- (Secondary substation)
- (Primary distribution line or High tension feeder)
- (Distribution transformer)
- (Secondary distribution line or Low tension feeder)
12
kV, 24 kV (.) 11 kV, 22 kV, 33 kV (.)
, ,
230/400 V

1 2 230 V, 1 3 230/460 V 3
4 230/400 V

2.3.1 (Simple radial)

2.15

2.15

36 2

2.15



(Dropout fuse cutout)


1)
2)
3)

1)


2) (Voltage regulation)

3)
1,000 kVA

2.16

2.16

 2 37

2.3.2 (Loop primary radial)

2

2.17

2.3.3 (Banked secondary radial)

2.18

38 2

1)

2)

3)

1)
(Interrupting capacity)
2)

2.18

2.3.4 (Primary selective radial) 2.19

2

 2 39

2.19

1)

2)

2.3.5 (Secondary selective radial)

(Interlock) 2

1)

2)

1)

2)

40 2

2.20
2.3.6 (Simple network) 2.21 (Network
protector)

2.21

 2 41

1)
2)

3)

1)
2)

(Simple spot network)
2.22

2.22

1)

2)

1)

2)

42 2

2.3.7 (Primary selective network)

2


1)
2)
3)

2.23

(Primary selective spot network) 2.24

 2 43

2.24

2.4 (Transformer)
2
2.4.1 (Power transformer)

(Transmission line) (Distribution line)

2

44 2

2.25

()
115 500 (kV) 1
69 - 230 (kV) 2
11 - 33 (kV)
2

2.4.2 (Distribution transformer)

(Distribution line) 11 33 (kV)


1) (Oil type)

(.) (.)

. Open type conservator tank . Fully sealed

2.26

 2 45

. Hermetically sealed N2 filled . Air sealed tank

2.26

2) (Less-flammable liquid type)

3 (Silicone oil or FR3)
300
150

2.27
3) (Dry type cast resin)

46 2

2.28

2.5
2
(High Voltage : HV)
(Low Voltage : LV)
2.5.1 (High Voltage : HV)
1) 2 12 kV 24 kV
3 2.26

() 12 kV 3 3 () 24 kV 3 3
2.29

2) 3
- 11 kV 3 3 3

 2 47

2.30 11 kV 3 3

- 22 kV 3 3

2.31 22 kV 3 3

- 33 kV 3 3
11 kV 22 kV

2.32 33 kV 3 4

48 2

2.5.2 (Low Voltage : LV)

2 1
3
1) 1
- 1 2 230 V 2.33

2.33 1 2 230 V

- 1 3 230/460 V 2.34

2.34 1 3 230/460 V

2) 3 3 4 230/400 V
(Lighting)
(Power) 2 1 230 V (
) 3 400 V () 2.35

 2 49

N
230 V
A
A 230 V
400 V
11, 12, 22,
24, 33 kV B
B
230 V 400 V 400 V

C C

2.35 3 4 230/400 V

() 3.3 16.5 kV
115 500 kV
2
1 69 - 230 kV 2
11 - 33 kV 2
3 4 230/400 V

50 2

1. (2 )
2.
(2 )
3. (4 )
3.1 (Radial system)
3.2 (Loop system)
3.3 - (Tap-tie system)
3.4 (Network system)
4. (2 )
4.1 (Simple radial)
4.2 (Primary selective network)
5.
(2 )
6. (2 )

 2 51

1.
. Transmission line
. Power plant
. Distribution line
. Subtransmission line
. Switch yard or Step up substation
2.
.
.
.
.
.
3.
. Hydroelectric power plant
. Gas turbine power plant
. Steam turbine power plant
. Coal-Fired Thermoelectric Power Plant
. Cogeneration or Combined cycle power plant
4.
. Steam turbine power plant
. Hydroelectric power plant
. Gas turbine power plant
. Nuclear power plant
. Solar farm
5.
. (Loop system)
. (Radial system)
. (Network system)
. - (Tap-tie system)
. (Simple radial)

52 2

6.

. Simple network
. Simple radial
. Banked secondary radial
. Primary selective radial
. Secondary selective radial
7.
. (Subtransmission line)
. (Distribution transformer)
. (Secondary substation)
. (Primary distribution line or High tension feeder)
. (Secondary distribution line or Low tension feeder)
8. Distribution transformer
.
.
.
.
.
9.
. Hermetically Sealed Fully Oil Filled
. Open type conservator tank
. Less-flammable liquid type
. Dry type cast resin
. Oil type
10.
. 22 kV 33 kV
. 12 kV 24 kV
. 11 kV 22 kV
. 12 kV 22 kV
. 12 kV 33 kV