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AECT480-Lecture 7 PDF
AECT480-Lecture 7 PDF
Two-way slabs have tension reinforcing spanning in BOTH directions, and may take
the general form of one of the following:
Lecture 7 Page 1 of 13
The following Table may be used to determine minimum thickness of various two-
way slabs based on deflection:
Flat Plates
Flat plates are the most common type of two-way slab system. It is commonly
used in multi-story construction such as hotels, hospitals, offices and
apartment buildings. It has several advantages:
Easy formwork
Simple bar placement
Low floor-to-floor heights
Lecture 7 Page 2 of 13
The ACI 318 code allows a direct design method that can be used in most
typical situations. However, the following limitations apply:
Design Strips
a) If L1 > L2:
L2 L2
Column
(typ.)
Exterior Column Strip
Interior Column Strip
Interior Column Strip
Middle Strip
Middle Strip
L1
Lecture 7 Page 3 of 13
b) If L2 > L1:
L2 L2
Middle Strip
Middle Strip
L1
1 2 3 4 5
2
wu L2 Ln
Mo = where Ln = clear span (face-to-face of cols.) in the direction of analysis
8
Lecture 7 Page 4 of 13
Bar Placement per ACI 318-02
Lecture 7 Page 5 of 13
Example 1
GIVEN: A two-way flat plate for an office building is shown below. Use the following:
Column dimensions = 20 x 20
Superimposed service floor Dead load = 32 PSF (not including slab weight)
Superimposed service floor Live load = 75 PSF
Concrete fc = 4000 PSI
#4 Grade 60 main tension bars
Concrete cover =
REQUIRED: Use the Direct Design Method to design the two-way slab for the
design strip in the direction shown.
20-0
Ln 20-0
20-0
L2/4 L2/4
Middle strip
= (16 Col. strip) Middle strip
Col. strip = (16 Col. strip)
Design Strip = 16
Lecture 7 Page 6 of 13
Step 1 Determine slab thickness h:
Ln
Since it is a flat plate, from Table above, use h =
30
= 220 = 18.33
220"
h=
30
= 7.333
= 278.4 PSF
= 0.28 KSF
3) Successive span lengths in each direction must not differ by more than
1/3 of the longer span. YES
4) Columns must not be offset by more than 10% of the span (in direction
of offset) from either axis between centerlines of successive columns.
YES
5) Loads must be uniformly distributed, with the unfactored live load not
more than 2 times the unfactored dead load (L/D < 2.0). YES
Lecture 7 Page 7 of 13
Step 4 Determine total factored moment per span, Mo:
2
wu L2 Ln
Mo =
8
Mo = 188 KIP-FT
Step 5 Determine distribution of total factored moment into col. & middle strips:
Step 6 Determine tension steel bars for col. & middle strips:
b = 96
8
d
Lecture 7 Page 8 of 13
Mu 586,800 LB IN
=
bd 2
(0.9)(96" )(7" ) 2
= 138.6 PSI
As
=
bd
As = bd
= (0.0033)(96)(7)
= 2.22 in2
As
Number of bars required =
As _ per _ bar
2.22in 2
=
0.20in 2 _ per _#4 _ bar
Lecture 7 Page 9 of 13
b) Column strip for region 2 :
b = 96
8 d
Mu 699,600 LB IN
=
bd 2
(0.9)(96" )(7" ) 2
= 165.2 PSI
Use = 0.0033
Lecture 7 Page 10 of 13
c) Middle strip for region 2 :
b = 96
8 d
Mu 474,000 LB IN
=
bd 2
(0.9)(96" )(7" ) 2
= 112.0 PSI
Use = 0.0033
Lecture 7 Page 11 of 13
Step 7 Draw Summary Sketch plan view of bars:
8 Thick
concrete slab 20-0
4-0 4-0
16 0
Lecture 7 Page 12 of 13
Example 2
GIVEN: The two-way slab system from Example 1.
REQUIRED: Design the steel tension bars for design strip shown (perpendicular to
those in Example 1).
20-0
Middle strip = 6-0
20-0
Lecture 7 Page 13 of 13