REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE

CHAPTER TWO:
Analysis & Design of
Beam for Flexure

(Flanged Beam)
Year: 2015/2022
University of Gondar, Civil Engineering Department
Structural Engineering Stream
 • Introduction to Flanged Beam (T- beam and L-

beam)

• Types of Flanged Beam

Pres
enta • Positive & Negative Moment Region in Flanged
tion
outli Beam
ne
• Effective flange width

• Analysis & Design of Flanged Beams (T- beam

and L- beam)
INTRODUCTION
T-beam and Inverted L- beam

In construction operation, concrete is placed in the beams & slab in a monolithic

manner.

As a result,
• the slab serves as the top flange of the beams, as indicated by the shading

• The interior beam, AB, has flange on both sides, referred to as T-beam.

• The spandrel beam, CD, with a flange on one side only, is often referred to as an

inverted L-beam.

Fig. 1: T-beams in a one-way beam and slab floor

TYPE OF FLANGED BEAM

Fig. 2: Type of flanged beams

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE MOMENT REGION IN FLANGED BEAM

Fig.3: Positive and negative moment regions in a T-beam

EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH

Fig. 4: Effective width of T-beams

EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH CONT…
The effective width of flange should be based on the distance b/n points of zero
moment:

Fig.5: Definition of for calculation of effective flange width

- is the distance between the points of contra flexure within the bending moment
diagram of the beam structure.

NB: The length of the cantilever, , should be less than half the adjacent span and
the ratio of adjacent spans should lie between 2/3 and 1.5.
EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH CONT…

Fig.6: Effective flange width parameters

The effective flange width for a T - beam or L - beam:

=+  b
where:
On Left Flange: = 0.2 + 0.1  0.2 and

On Left Flange: = 0.2 + 0.1  0.2 and

Analysis & Design of Flanged Beam Section for Flexure

Flanged beam subjected to negative moment

Flanged beam subjected to positive moment

If a flanged beam is subjected to positive moment, the neutral

axis:
• Might remain within the flange of the beam
ANALYSIS OF FLANGED BEAM SECTIONS

Flanged beam subjected to negative moment

 For a flanged beam with a negative moment,

• the compression zone will be the bottom rectangular part of the

web

• following the procedures for analysis & design of rectangular

sections will be appropriate.

ANALYSIS OF FLANGED BEAM SECTIONS CONT…

Flanged beam subjected to positive moment

 For the case where the neutral axis remains in the flange,

• the section may be treated as a rectangular section,

• the procedures of analysis & design of rectangular sections can be

adopted.

 If the neutral axis is in the web of the beam,

• Different approach for analysis is necessary,

• Adopting the rectangular stress relationship for the concrete in

compression will simplify the analysis.

ANALYSIS OF FLANGED SECTIONS CONT…

The general procedure for the analysis of flanged beam subjected to positive
moment according to ES EN 1992-1-1-2015 is as follows.

1. Assume the neutral axis to be in the flange ()

2. Assume the strain in the tension reinforcement to be greater than the

yield strain (

3. Use the procedure of analysis of singly reinforced concrete sections to

estimate neutral axis depth (x)

4. Check if the assumption in step 1 is correct ; ()

5. If the assumption is correct, estimate the moment resistance () of the

section using the procedures of singly reinforced concrete sections. If not
correct, proceed to step 6.
ANALYSIS OF FLANGED SECTIONS CONT…

6. Take the neutral axis to be below the flange and divide the section into two
parts:
 Beam W and

 Beam F to simplify the analysis process.

ANALYSIS OF FLANGED SECTIONS CONT…

7. Take the rectangular stress strain relationship for the concrete under compression
and calculate the moment resistance using force equilibrium.

Beam F
(
=
= (d - ) or = (b - ) (d -)

The force in the remaining steel area is balanced by compression in the rectangular
portion of the beam. (i.e. = - )

Beam W

= 0.8x

x=

= (d – 0.4x) or = (0.8x)(d – 0.4x)

ANALYSIS OF FLANGED SECTIONS CONT…

The total moment capacity of the section now becomes,

= +

8. Calculate the strain in the tension reinforcement and check if the

assumption in step 2 is correct. If it is not found to be true, revise the
procedure assuming the steel has not yielded
DESIGN OF FLANGED BEAMS SECTION

The general procedure for design of flanged beam subjected to positive moment according to
ES EN 1992-1-1 is as follows:

1. Determine design constants

2. Geometry/dimension/

a. Determination of effective depth (d) and overall depth (D)

b. Determination of effective width of flange ()

3.Compute of Design Load ()

4. Check the neutral axis depth (Identify weather it is design as rectangular or T-beam)

5. Check depth for Flexure (Identify weather it is design as SRB or DRB section)

6. Reinforcement provision

7. Determine Maximum number of bar Placed in a single Row

8. Check type of flexural failure

9. Check depth for Deflection/Serviceability requirement

THANK FOR YOUR
ATTENSION!