Definition of Sustainability

The name sustainability is derived from the Latin sustinere (tenere, to hold; sub, up).
Sustain can mean maintain", "support", or "endure [1]. Sustainability science is the study of
sustainable development and environmental science [2]. Technologies that promote
sustainable energy include renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectricity, solar energy,
wind energy, wave power, geothermal energy, bioenergy, tidal power and also technologies
designed to improve energy efficiency.

2.0 Energy Consumption

The involvement of technologies and continuous demand of human needs have put
the environment with various types of new electrical appliances and devices. With more
electrical appliances and devices invented, household power usage increased drastically.
This behaviour contributes to excessive energy consumption every day. According to a report
by the Malaysia Energy Information Hub by Energy Commission, energy demands in
Malaysia increase rapidly from 2000 until 2013.

Figure 1: Final Energy Demand by Residential and Commercial Sector in Malaysia

There are many efforts and researches done in order to manage electric energy
demand and in reducing carbon emissions. One of the initiatives taken by a few countries
including US, UK and Australia, is to upgrade their energy metering system. According to a
report by the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) released on June