J. Sci. & Devel. 2015, Vol. 13, No.

1: 115-123 Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht trin 2015, tp 13, s 1: 115-123

www.vnua.edu.vn

NGHIN CU KT NI NH MY IN GI DNG MY PHT IN

NG B NAM CHM VNH CU VI LI IN
Phan Th Nguyt Nga1,3*, Nguyn ng Ton2

1
Hc vin cao hc, Khoa C in, Hc vin Nng nghip Vit Nam
2
Khoa H thng in, Trng i hc in lc H Ni
3
Khoa in, Trng cao ng Ngh in Tn Dn, Sc Sn

Email*: nguyetngaevc@gmail.com

Ngy gi bi: 15.10.2014 Ngy chp nhn: 25.11.2014

TM TT

Tm tt: Bi bo gii thiu m hnh nh my in gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu kt

ni vi li in. Mt s vn cn quan tm l kh nng vt qua s c v qu trnh lm vic sau s c phi tha
mn cc tiu chun kt ni li in. Nh my in gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu c kh
nng cung cp mt lng cng sut phn khng nht nh vo li in ty thuc vo mc in p tc thi ca
im kt ni v nhanh chng phc hi nhanh ch lm vic bnh thng. Cc m phng c thc hin bi phn
mm PSS/E.
T kha: Nng lng gi, my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu, m phng ng PSS/E, tiu chun kt
ni in gi vi li.

Research on Connection of Wind Farm

Using Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator to Main Grid

ABSTRACT

This paper studied the connection of wind farm using permanent magnet synchronous generators model to the
main grid. The interests were the fault ride through capability and the ability to recover operation of wind turbines
according to the wind grid code requirements. Wind turbine generators using permanent magnet synchronous
potentially provide a definite reactive power depending on the instantaneous voltage level of connection point and
they must return quickly to normal operation. Simulations were conducted by PSS/E.
Keywords: Permanent magnet synchronous generators, wind farm energy, wind grid code requirements, PSS/E
dynamic simulation.

ngy cng cn kit v ci thin mi trng.

1. T VN
Vic s dng nng lng gi ang l mt xu
th trn th gii do: gim chi ph nhin liu, kh
nng sn xut trn qui m ln v kt ni c
vi li in chnh. Vit Nam l mt trong s
rt nhiu quc gia c tim nng pht trin
in gi, y s l ngun nng lng ln c th
khai thc b sung cho ngun in li quc gia,
thay th cc ngun nng lng ha thch ang
Nghin cu cc tiu chun kt ni in gi vi
li in, c bit l cc tnh cht ng khi kt
ni vi li in chnh l mt yu cu ht sc
cn thit i vi cc c quan thit k, vn hnh
h thng in. Bi bo gii thiu vn tt m
hnh nh my in gi dng my pht in
ng b nam chm vnh cu v m phng ng
xem xt, nh gi mt s tiu chun kt ni
vi li in thng qua phn mm PSS/E.

115
Nghin cu kt ni nh my in
n gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu vii li
l in

2. PHNG PHP NGHIN C

CU 3. KT QU V THO
O LUN
LU
2.1. Kt ni nh my in
n gi ki
kiu my 3.1. Nh my pht in
n gi dng my pht
pht in ng b nam chm vnh ccu vi in ng b nam chm vnh cu
c
li in
3.1.1. Cu trc ca
a nh my in
i gi dng
Phng php nghin cuu ti li
liu tham kho my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu
chuyn ngnh, nghin cu nh my pht in
Hnh 1 th hin s cu trc c bn ca
gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh
mt my pht in (MP) gi s dng my pht
cu kt ni vi li in. in ng b nam chm vnh cu khi kt ni vi
Nghin cu tp trungung phn tch m hnh li in. MP s dng hp s ni vi li in
tuabin gi s dng my pht in ng b nam chnh thng qua b bin i cng sut. B
chm vnh cu, nh gi kt qu m phng m chuyn i ny c t gia my pht v li
hnh tuabin gi khi kt ni vi li in nh: in xoay chiu nn hon ton khng ph thuc
- Tuabin
uabin gi v my pht in ng b nam vo tn s li.
chm vnh cu; 3.1.2. Tuabin gi
- Cc tiu chun kt ni tuabin gi vi li Cng sut u ra ca tuabin gi c tnh
in; theo cng thc (Alejandro et al., 2009; Molina et
- M hnh tuabin gi kt ni vi li in; al., 2011):

- M phng kt ni tuabin gi vi li in. Pm = Cp (,) 3 (1)
Trong :
2.2. Phng php phn tch
Pm: Cng sut u ra ca tuabin (W)
Nghin cu c tm hiu, phn tctch nh
Cp(,):
): H s bin i nng lng (l t s
my pht inn gi dng my pht i
in ng b
gia tc u cnh v gc cnh )
nam chm vnh cu kt ni vi li in nh:
A: Tit din vng quay ca cnh qut (m2)
tuabin gi, my pht in ng b nam chm
vnh cu, cc tiu chun kt ni li in, m : Mt ca khng kh (kg/m)
hnh tubin gi trong m phng kt ni vi li : Vn tc gi
in chnh. H s bin ii nng lng
l Cp c tnh theo
T kt qu m phng nh gi kh nng cng thc (2) (Ranjan et al., 2009; Saikuma et
vt qua s c v qu trnh lm vic sau s c al., 2011):
ca mt nh my in gi khi kt ni vi li Cp (,) = 0, 5176 ( - 0,4
0,4 - 5)
+ 0,0068

in c tha mn cc yu cu kt ni in gi ,
vi li in chnh. Vi

= ,
-
(3)

Hnh 1. S MP gi ss dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu

c

116

Hnh 2. c tnh quan h
gia Cp v ca tuabin gi
Hnh 2 l ng cong biu din mi quan h
gia Cp v .
T s tc u cnh tuabin gi v tc v nghch lu pha li). Nng lng gi thng
gi l:
= (4)
Trong : : Tc quay ca tuabin; R: Bn
knh ca tuabin
Mt khc tuabin gi c th vn hnh theo cc
quy tc iu khin khc nhau ty thuc vo tc
gi. Hnh 3 l ng cong biu din mi quan h
gia cng sut ca tuabin gi vi tc gi.
3.1.3. My pht in ng b t trng
vnh cu
Cc phng trnh ton hc c trng cho
my pht in trn h ta quay (dq) (Ranjan
et al., 2009; Saikuma et al., 2011):
- Phng trnh dng v p (8), (9):
di 1 L 1
= i + i + u
dt T L L
= +
Trong :
Lsd, Lsq l in cm ca cun dy stato my
pht in biu din trn trc d v q (H).
p l t thng cc t ca nam chm vnh
cu (Wb).
Tsd, Tsq l hng s thi gian ca stato.
- Phng trnh mmen:
mM = Pc[ p.isq + isd. isq(Lsd - Lsq)]
Phan Th Nguyt Nga, Nguyn ng Ton
Hnh 3. ng c tnh
cng sut - tc gi ca tuabin gi
iu khin my pht in ni li s
dng hai b chnh lu (chnh lu pha my pht
qua my pht chuyn thnh dng in xoay
chiu trong cun dy stato c a vo b
chnh lu pha my pht. y n c chnh
lu thnh dng in mt chiu qua b bin i
AC/DC, sau thng qua b bin i nghch lu
pha li DC/AC bin i thnh dng in
xoay chiu vi tn s cng nghip pht ln li.
3.2. Tiu chun kt ni nh my in gi
vi li in
Cc gi tr in p thp nht t c trong
qu trnh lm vic khng bnh thng, thng
khng thp hn 90% ca in p danh nh
truyn ti v c th c gim mt s nc
n 70% ca in p ban u trong thi gian ln
n 10 giy m khng nh hng ti tnh n
nh ca nh my in gi. in p vt qu
gii hn thng him xy ra nhng gi tr cao
nht thng khng cao hn 113% ca in p
danh nh truyn ti. Hnh 4 th hin gi tr
in p phc hi sau s c ca tuabin gi.
Cc my pht in gi dng my pht in
ng b nam chm vnh cu c cc li th hn
hn l h thng chuyn i nng lng hon
ton tch ring vi my pht in ni li in.
Do , nu c s c trn li in th khng tc
dng trc tip ln cc my pht in v khi in
p gim xung thp th mmen xon bin thin
thp hn nn kh nng phc hi nhanh hn
(10) (Marcelo Gustavo et al., 2011).
117
Nghin cu kt ni nh my in gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu vi li in

Cc my pht in gi phi c kh nng s theo quy nh nh bng 1 (Alejandro et al.,

hot ng lin tc trong phm vi in p v tn 2009; Marcelo Gustavo et al., 2011).

Hnh 4. Kh nng phc hi sau s c ca mt tuabin gi

Bng 1. Kh nng vn hnh ca my pht in gi

in p Tn s Vn hnh
90-105% 49,5-50,5 Lin tc
90-105% 48-49,5 Kh nng vn hnh trong 10 pht
90-105% 50,5-52 Kh nng vn hnh trong 1 pht

Hnh 5. in p - tn s lm vic ca MP gi
Ghi ch: VH l gii hn in p cao; VHF l gii hn in p cao vi y ti; Vn l in p danh nh; VLF l gii hn in p
thp vi y ti; VL l gii hn in p thp.

118
 Phan Th Nguyt Nga, Nguyn ng Ton

Vic kim sot cng sut phn khng l rt Bng 2. Thng s m hnh
quan trng cho cc nh my in gi. Hnh 5 my pht in (WT4G)
th hin mi quan h in p tn s lm vic v
K hiu Gi tr
vic kim sot cng sut ca tuabin gi. Vic
TIQCmd (s) 0,02
iu khin cng sut phn khng lin quan n
TIPCmd (s) 0,02
nhiu vn nh cng ngh th h gi, c
im li in, cp in p v cc tr khng VLVPL1 (pu) 0,40

(Marcelo Gustavo et al., 2011). VLVPL2 (pu) 0,90

GLVPL (pu) 1,11
3.3. Xy dng v kt qu m phng VHVRCR (pu) 1,20
CURHVRCR (pu) 2,00
3.3.1. M hnh nh my in gi s dng
RIp_LVPL (pu) 2,00
my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu
T_LVPL (pu) 0,02
M hnh nh my in gi s dng my
pht in ng b nam chm cu trong phn
mm PSS/E (http://www.energy.siemens.com) c Bng 3. Thng s in ca m hnh
hai m hnh thit b c s dng: m hnh my pht (WT4E)
chuyn i my pht in (WT4G) v m hnh
K hiu Gi tr K hiu Gi tr
iu khin in (WT4E). S liu ng ca cc
Tfvb (s) 0,15 dPMN (pu) -0,5
m hnh c trnh by trong bng 2 v 3
(WECC, 2010). Kpv 18,0 T_Power 0,05
Kiv 5,00 KQI 0,10
Bng 2 v 3 l m hnh thng s ng ca
Kpp 0,05 VMINCL (pu) 0,90
my pht in ng b nam chm cu trong
phn mm PSS/E, cc thng s ny c Kip 0,10 VMAXCL (pu) 1,10

chng minh v a vo p dng. Kf 0,00 KVI 120,0

Tf (s) 0,08 Tv (s) 0,05
3.3.2. M hnh nh my in gi ni vi
QMX (pu) 0,47 Tp (s) 0,05
li in
QMN (pu) -0,47 ImaxTD (pu) 1,70
Da theo d liu t trung tm nng lng Ipmax (pu) 1,10 Iphl (pu) 1,11
gi New Mexico, mt nh my in gi c kt
TRV (s) 0,00 Iqhl (pu) 1,11
ni vi mt ng dy truyn ti ring v c
dPMX (pu) 0,5
vn hnh bi cng ty dch v cng cng ca New
Mexico, tc gi da theo m hnh nghin
Vi b thng s cc phn t tc gi s dng
cu m phng. M hnh nh my in gi trong
phn mm PSS/E chy tro lu cng sut th
m phng gm 18 tuabin-my pht, cng sut
kt qu thu c dng cng sut chy trn cc
ca mt tuabin gi l 2MW, mi tuabin c mt
phn t ti cc nt c biu din nh hnh 9.
my bin p c ni vi ng dy chnh cp
Vi ng mu xanh l dng cng sut tc dng
in p trung p 34,5kV, mt my bin p cp
cn ng mu vng l dng cng sut phn
in p cao p 230/34,5kV v mt ng dy khng
truyn ti ni vi h thng c cng sut v cng
ln. V khong cch gia cc my pht trong 3.3.3. Kt qu m phng
nh my l nh, cng sut ca my pht nh, Theo tiu chun u ni in gi vo li
cng loi nn n gin, ta tng ng ha in Vit Nam (Tp on in lc Vit Nam,
thnh mt my pht in nh hnh 8. 2013), c nh gi kh nng vt qua s c v
Theo phng php tng ng ha s qu trnh phc hi s c khi xy ra s c ng
hon chnh th thng s ca cc phn t trong dy in p 230kV vi thi gian s c l 70ms
s c th hin trong bng 4. v n 140ms. Trong m phng ny tc gi

119
Nghin cu kt ni nh my in gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu vi li in

Hnh 6. M hnh ng my pht in gi s dng

my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu

Hnh 7. M hnh n gin ca mt nh my in gi kt ni li in

Hnh 8. S mt si tng ng ca mt nh my in gi kt ni li in

Bng 4. Thng s cc phn t trong s tng ng

R (pu) X (pu) B (pu)
My pht in gi 0,0027 0,0245
ng dy trung p 0,01345 0,0497 0,1004
ng dy truyn ti 0,0133 0,066 0,000
My bin p cao p 0,014 0,0828
My bin p u cc my pht 0,0026 0,0245

Ghi ch: R, X, B ln lt l in tr, in khng, in u quy i v h n v tng i (pu)

120

Hnh 9. S tng ng ha ca mt nh my in gi kt ni li in trong PSS/E
gi s vi m phng 1 l xy ra s c ngn mch
3 pha i xng ng dy 230kV t im kt
ni chung vi li in c cng sut v cng ln
v s c ko di trong 100ms v c xa bng
cch ngt dng s c.
3.3.3. Kt qu m phng
Theo tiu chun u ni in gi vo li
in Vit Nam (Tp on in lc Vit Nam,
2013), c nh gi kh nng vt qua s c v
qu trnh phc hi s c khi xy ra s c ng
dy in p 230kV vi thi gian s c l 70ms
v n 140ms. Trong m phng ny tc gi
gi s vi m phng 1 l xy ra s c ngn mch
3 pha i xng ng dy 230kV t im kt
ni chung vi li in c cng sut v cng ln
v s c ko di trong 100ms v c xa bng
cch ngt dng s c.
Hnh 10 cho thy khi xy ra ngn mch
trn ng dy 230kV, in p trn ti im kt
ni chung gim xung bng 0, sau khi loi tr
s c, in p dn phc hi khong 1,05pu vi
thi gian phc hi khong 0,3 giy. Tng ng
vi cc yu cu k thut kt ni tuabin gi vo
li in th tuabin gi dng my pht in
ng b nam chm vnh cu c kh nng lm
vic sau khi loi b im ngn mch.
Trong hnh 11 cho thy lng cng sut
phn khng pht ra ca tuabin gi v sau 0,5
giy th s c c loi b v cng sut in
phc hi gi tr ln hn l 30MW (0,3pu).
Sau khi s c c loi b, trong m phng
th kh nng vt qua s c v ph hi in p
mc in p lm vic nh trc khi b s c
ca tuabin-my pht gi vn m bo yu cu
kt ni. Tc gi tip tc m phng 2 vi s c
nh trn nhng thi gian s c di hn l
140ms. Kt qu ca m phng 2 c trnh by
hnh 12, 13, 14.
Phan Th Nguyt Nga, Nguyn ng Ton
Khi thi gian s c di hn, sau khi s c
c loi b th tuabin gi dng my pht in
ng b cm ng vnh cu c kh nng vt qua
s c v phc hi nhanh cc thng s ban u
m bo yu cu kt ni nh hnh 12, 13, 14.
Nhng trn hnh 15, nu so snh lng cng
sut pht ra ca tuabin gi trong m phng 1 v
m phng 2, vi thi gian s c tng ln t 100
n 140ms th lng cng sut phn khng pht
ra tng t 0,085 ln 0,45 (pu) tng ng l
45Mvar v sau khi s c b loi b th vn phi
pht cng sut phn khng n nh in p.
T kt qu m phng cho thy nh my
in gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm
vnh cu ni vi li in chnh khi xy ra s c
ti im kt ni chung, sau khi s c c loi
b th my pht in pht ra mt lng cng
sut phn khng nht nh iu chnh in
p v tn s. Theo tiu chun kt ni in gi
vo li in v cc ch s in p, tn s ca
my pht in gi, kh nng vt qua s c,
kh nng phc hi in p thp ca my pht
in gi l tha mn yu cu kt ni.
4. KT LUN
Bi bo trnh by v tuabin - my pht in
gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh
cu, m hnh nh my in gi ni vi li in.
Kt qu m phng s b cho thy vi m hnh
chung ca tuabin gi dng my pht in ng
b nam chm vnh cu c th thay th cho cc
tuabin gi trong thc t trong iu kin lm
vic. Kh nng phc hi, qu trnh lm vic sau
s c ca tuabin gi u tha mn yu cu kt
ni in gi vi li in. Cc kt qu m phng
c th c ng dng cho cc li in trong
thc t, kim tra, nh gi cc tnh cht ng
khi kt ni vi li in chnh.
121
Nghin cu kt ni nh my in gi dng my pht in ng b nam chm vnh cu vi li in

Hnh 10. in p trong m phng 1 (pu) Hnh 11. Cng sut pht trong m phng 1 (pu)

Hnh 13. lch tn s trong

Hnh 12. in p trong m phng 2 (pu)
m phng 2 (pu)

Hnh 14. Cng sut pht trong Hnh 15. So snh lng cng sut
m phng 2 (pu) phn khng (pu)

122

TI LIU THAM KHO
Alejandro Roln, lvaro Luna, Gerardo Vzquez, Ranjan K. Behera, Wenzhong Gao and Olorunfemi Ojo
Daniel Aguilar (2009). Modeling of variable speed
wind turbine with a permanent magnet
synchronous generator, IEEE Intermation
Symposium on Industrial Electronics.
http://www.energy.siemens.com, PSS/E, truy cp ngy
13/05/2014.
Marcelo Gustavo Molina and Juan Manuel Gimenez
Alvarez (2011). Technical and Regulatory
Exigencies for Grid Connection of Wind
Generation, Universidad Nacional de San Juan,
Argentina, pp. 16-24.
Molina M.G, Sanchez A.G and Rizzato Lede A.M
(2011). Modeling and simulation of wind farmswith
variable speed wind turbines using full scale
Phan Th Nguyt Nga, Nguyn ng Ton
converters for power system dynamic studies,
Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Argentina.
(2009). Simulation study of permanent magnet
synchronous machine direct drive wind power
generator using three level NPC converter system,
IEEE.
Saikumar, Saravanan, R.v.Sandip, vijaysridhar (2011).
Modelling and control of a wind turbine using
permanent magnet synchronous generator,
International journal of engineering science
technology.
WECC (2010). WECC wind power plant dynamic
modeling guide, August, pp. 38 - 42.
Tp on in lc Vit Nam (2013). S tay k thut v
u ni in gi vo li in Vit Nam.
123