Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
I.
,
( , )
.
, ,
,
, ,
.
,
,
(Groth- Marnat,1990).
.
. :
:
.
,
. ,
.
,
.
, ;
1. O , 32 ,
.
:
. ; (
)
. ;
( )
2
2. , 10 ,
.
.
, , :
.
; ( )
.
,
;
( )
,
,
.
,
. , ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
,
.
(,1998).
, ,
, ( ,
;)
, ,
( , )
, .
,
,
.
.
.
3
.
, ,
.
. :
, . :
) , , ,
,
)
) ( )
) , ,
) .
) ,
. ,
. ,
,
(
). ,
,
.
) , , ,
( , ). ,
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
)
. ,
, .
,
,
,
.
4
,
(, ,
) (
,
).
)
.
,
,
(
;).
,
, .
,
, .
,
.
)
.
.
,
.
) , ,
.
, , . ,
, ,
(
).
. ,
,
. , ,
,
, ,
-
.
5
. .
,
,
. , ,
, ( , , )
,
, ,
.
. .
.
:
1.
6
2.
.
.
, , , , ,
,
, . ,
rapport ,
,
.
. .
, (Groth
Marnat, 1990).
,
.
:
1. ,
2.
3.
4.
, .
.
,
.
: .
:
.
,
. ,
, .
. ,
(
rapport), ,
,
.
7
,
,
, ,
,
, .
. .
.
1940
,
.
1902, Adolf Meyer
(mental status interview),
. ,
, ,
.
1940 1950,
, :
, , ,
( ).
. , 1945, Snyder
.
,
, ,
.
, Strupp (1945)
,
,
, .
(empathy)
, .
1960,
.
Rogers (1961),
(, ,
) . , ,
( ),
, ,
.
, ,
(Behavioral Assessment),
8
, ,
.
, ,
. 1960,
. ,
Lapouse Monk (1958),
, ,
, .
1960 70.
,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
1980, ,
.
, DSM-
III, DSM-III-R DSM IV.
, , .
1980, ,
,
, .
. .
,
.
,
:
( ),
,
, .
) ,
,
.
9
) , ,
,
.
) ,
, ,
.
) , ,
.
III.
A.
/
( )
10
B.
:
, , ,
:
,
,
, ,
:
:
, ,
:
.
- ():
11
.
1.
2. 6-13
-
, ,
-
3. 13-20
(
)
4.
5.
12
: ,
..
:
:
:
-
V.
.
.
.
:
:
: (, , )
.
.
.
.
.
1.
2.
3.
13
4. :
:
:
.
.
.
.
. :
.
. -
.
.
. ,
.
(
)
.
.
.
.
.
-
-
.
1. ;
2.
;
3. ,
4.
,
14
4. -
5.
-
.
,
(Rustin & Quagliata, 2000).
15
V. -
.
.
:
1)
2)
.
3) ,
, .
.
.
,
.
,
.
;
.
: )
.
1. , 7 , .
, ,
.
.
,
16
,
.
2. .,
. ., ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
. .
. ,
( ,
, ,
).
3. ., 45 ,
.
., , .
,
. , .
. , ,
.
. , .
. .
. .
. , ,
,
. . .
,
.
, , ,
(
)
.
)
,
.
:
17
1.
. ,
(
).
. .
,
(
, )
.
, , .
,
.
2. , 10 ,
,
3 ,
(8 )
.
15
.
.
,
,
. ,
.
.
,
.
(
, , ,
).
, ,
.
. ,
( , ,
), ,
.
( ,
18
)
, ( ),
(
, )
.
:
,
,
.
,
. , ,
,
.
, ,
Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R, 1981) Weschler
Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III,1991; , .,
, ., , ., , 1997).
, ,
Rorschach (1921) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray , 1943).,
Childrens Apperception Test (CAT, Bellak,1945)
( )
:
1. (WAIS, WISC)
2. Bender-Gestalt (Bender,1938)
3.
4. Rorschach
5. TAT CAT
,
. ,
- ,
-
(
(, ., -, . , . .,1999).
, .
19
. - - rapport
H
. ,
( )
.
.
,
, . ,
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
, . ,
rapport ,
.
. ,
.
:
,
.
,
, .
:
.
,
.
.
.
20
.
.
.
.
, .
;
(
, ).
,
.
.
, , , , ;
(
,
, ,
).
. , ,
, .
. ,
, .
,
;
- , ,
, ;
; ;
; (
- Bender -
).
,
,
.
21
VI. To BENDER-GESTALT
Bender-Gestalt , The
Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test* (Anastasi, 1997),
.
Bender- Gestalt Lauretta Bender,
1938
(Bender, 1938). H Bender Gestalt,
Wertheimer (1923). O Wertheimer ,
30 , Gestalt
. Bender
-
,
.
, Bender (9)
Wertheimer Bender Gestalt
:
) / (
, )
)
Bender Gestalt
1
.
Pascal & Suttell (1951), Koppitz
(1975) Hutt (1969, 1971, 1985), Pascal
& Suttell
Bender.
,
. Koppitz
: ) /
( )
) . Hutt (1969, 1971, 1985)
,
Bender-Gestalt ,
.
22
Bender-Gestalt :
1) , 9
2) Bender (Bender Recall) ,
.
Bender,
, : .
. ,
.
,
. ,
.
.
Bender
.
, .
.
,
.
.
,
. ,
. (
, , , ,
)
, , ..,
.
( )
.
. Bender Gestalt
Bender Gestalt
5-11 Koppitz (1975). Koppitz
.
.
23
Bender Gestalt /
Koppitz ,
. Bender Gestalt
, Koppitz,
,
.
Bender Gestalt . ,
Bender Gestalt, .
Koppitz ,
1100 , 5-10 ,
. ,
( , ,
).
Koppitz. 30
.
, -
.
.
30. Bender
, /
,
. Koppitz
30 . ,
.
, Koppitz
5/0 10/11 ()
(SD) ( - )
. ,
1)
2) ,
.
-
- ,
,
, .
. Bender Gestalt
24
Bender Gestalt
:
1)
2)
.
. Bender Gestalt
/
.
-
.
1. Bender-Gestalt
Bender-
Gestalt :
)
)
) (
) .
) ( ).
) .
,
.
,
. ,
.
.
(,
)
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
, . ,
,
, ,
25
.
.
, . ,
(
, ) . ,
( )
.
(
, ,
).
Bender Gestalt (
) (, ). ,
Bender-Gestalt
.
Bender
, ,
, .
. Bender Gestalt
Bender
Gestalt Max Hutt (1968, 1969, 1971, 1985)
Lerner (1972). H
:
1)
2)
3)
4) -
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
12:00 ..
.
26
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
, .
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
(, ,
) .
,
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
, .
.
, ,
.
,
. (
, ,
)
,
.
,
. ,
27
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
. ,
, .
.
1
.
-, /
. ,
,
,
. , ,
,
.
2, 1,
.
1, 2,
.
3 ,
,
.
,
, .
,
.
4
.
, ,
,
,
.
.
, .
, ,
. 4
28
,
.
5 .
/ ,
.
, /
,
/
.
,
.
6 .
,
. ,
. ,
, ,
flat
.
7
. 7
.
.
.
, ,
, .
.
,
.
- .
.
4.
, 8, : )
,
)
/ ,
. ,
,
, .
,
,
,
. ,
/ .
29
/ .
. / -
/ -
. ,
. ,
; ,
: ,
. , , ,
:
.
. Bender Gestalt
Bender Gestalt
6/9 .
, .
. ,
.
30
VII. H K WISC-III.
.
,
(Bouchard Segal, 1985 Marjoribanks,1992,).
(Freud, 1965; Fromm,1960; Gardner,1983; Hartmann,
1946; Rappaport,1950).
(Bergler, 1998; Green, 1993, Goleman, 1995).
(Cooper, 1995; Rispens et.al, 1997; Siegel,
1987).
,
,
.
,
.
31
WISC III
H WISC III
:
) ..
.
)
, ,
..
.
)
..
.
)
.
WISC III
, WISC III
,
, ,
, Bender-Gestalt,
Rorschach, : -- (House-Tree-Person Test)
Childrens Apperception Test (C.A.T.).
WISC III
,
.
(, -
, 1999 ). To WISC III
.
WISC III
.
.
..
,
.
.
32
,
,
,
.
.
, , , ,
WISC III, , , , ,
, .
.
.
. , ,
,
, , , ,
.
WISC III.
-
, ,
,
.
.
.
:
.
, .
33
. WISC III
.
.
,
,
.
,
, .. ,
, . ,
.
.
,
. ,
, , .
,
WISC III
..
,
.
.
.
. ,
.
34
WISC III.
15
.
- .
-
.
- -,
. , -
. -
.
.
.
.
-
-
(..
).
,
WISC III.
: , , ,
, ,
.
: , , ,
.
,
35
(.. )
,
..
. ,
,
WISC III. Bannatyne (1971) ,
.
-
,
.
.
.
WISC III
.
, , ,
,
, ,
, ,
.
, .
WISC III
.
, .
.
36
.
.
.
.
.
: , ,
.
.
-
.
,
WISC III.
, ,
.
.,
.
.
,
.
()
. ,
. , ,
, ,
.
, .
WISC III
.
37
,
.i
38
VIII. T ( --)
, .
,
, .. , ,
... , ,
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
Draw-A-
Man Goodenough (1926). T , ,
.
Goodenough . ,
Machover (1949) Draw-A-Person ,
.
Buck (1948), ,
, ,
. Buck, House-
Tree-Person, ,
.
,
. Hulse (1951) Burns
(1980),
.
.
Prout & Celmer (1984)
. ,
(Groth-
Marnat, 1990).
,
, .
39
, : .
, :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
. ,
:
,
;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
,
:
, .
,
:
/ ; (
.
).
- /;
- ;
- ;
,
.
,
.
,
- .
40
. ,
.
. ,
, ,
.
,
(
)
( )
.
. 7
. ,
, ,
.
,
, .
-
.
(
, , ).
.
,
.
. /
, ,
, ,
,
.
: , , ,
, .
.
,
.
,
.
.
41
. ,
,
.
.
,
.
, ,
,
,
( , ).
.
, , ,
.
.
.
, .
,
.
,
,
.
, .
,
;, :
, : ; :
.
Bender Gestalt , .
Bender
.
.
, , , .
/
.
42
.
.
.
.
: )
)
,
, ,
.
,
.
.
.
- -
,
. ,
.
.
-
- .
.
.
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
. ,
43
.
. ,
.
, . , ,
. .
, .
/
. ,
, ,
.
.
, ,
.
,
, ,
,
.
,
.
.
.
. ,
,
,
.
.
.
. ,
.
. ,
.
44
, ,
.
. ,
, .
-
. ,
-
. ,
.
.
,
.
(.
),
.
.
.
.
,
.
(. , )
. ,
.
. ,
,
,
. .
, ,
.
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
. ,
45
,
. ,
. ,
, ,
,
.
.
.
(. )
. ,
.
,
,
,
.
.
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
.
46
Bouchard, T.J. & Segal, N.L. (1985). Environment and I.Q. In B.B. Wolman
(Ed.), Handbook of Intelligence: Theories, measurements and applications
(pp.391-464). New York: Wiley.
, ., , ., , ., ,
(1997) WISC III : . : .
47
Goleman, D. (1995). . .Q.
I.Q.; ( . & .
, 1997). : .
Hulse, W.C. (1951). The emotionally disturbed child draws his family.
Quarterly Journal of Child Behavior, 3, 152-174.
Hutt, M. (1969). The Hutt adaptation of the Bender Gestalt Test. (2nd edition).
New York: Grune & Stratton.
Hutt, M. (1971). The Hutt adaptation of the Bender Gestalt Test. (3rd edition).
New York: Grune & Stratton.
Hutt, M. (1985). The Hutt adaptation of the Bender Gestalt Test. (4th edition).
New York: Grune & Stratton.
Koppitz, E. (1963). The Bender Gestalt Test for Young Children. New York:
Grune & Stratton.
, .(1998). . :
.
-,. (1999).
. : .
Pascal, G.R. & Suttell, B.J. (1951). The Bender-Gestalt Test: Quantification
and validity for Adults. New York: Grune & Stratton.
, ., -, . , . . (1999).
: . : .
48
Prout, H.T. & Celmer, D.S. (1984). School drawings and academic
achievement: A validity study of the Kinetic School Drawing
technique.Psychology in the Schools, 21,176-180.
Rispens, J., Swaab,H., van den Oord, E., Cohen-Kattenis,P., van Engeland,
H. & van Yperen, T. (1997). WISC profiles in child psychiatric diagnosis:
Sense or nonsense? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry, 36, 1587-1594.
Wechsler, D. (1981). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-
Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation.
49
1
( )
s(-).
.
IL:Charles C. Thomas
Bergler, E. (1998). The talent for stupidity. Madison, CT: International Universities
Press.
Bouchard, T.J. & Segal, N.L. (1985). Environment and I.Q. In B.B. Wolman (Ed.),
Cooper, S. (1995). The clinical use and interpretation of the Wechsler Intelligence
Scale
with children, A. Rabin & M. Haworth (Eds.). New York : Grune & Stratton,
pp.
225-236.
, ., , ., , ., , . (1997)
WISC III : . : .
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: the theory of multiple intelligences. New York:
Basic Books.
50
Goleman, D. (1995). . .Q.
I.Q.; ( . & . ,
1997).
: .
Wiley.
Hartmann, H., Kris, E. & Loewenstein, R.M. (1946). Comments on the formation of
, .(1998). . : .
-,. (1999).
. : .
, ., -, . , . . (1999).
. : .
Rispens, J., Swaab,H., van den Oord, E., Cohen-Kattenis,P., van Engeland, H. & van
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1587-
1594.
51
52