(idldwr isMG goVovwlw)

1
 BUimkw Preface
4-5

()




()

Bulx AMdir sBu ko ABulu gurU krqwru]

( idldwr isMG goVovwlw)

2
 pMjwbI

..
,
ISBN 978-974-8008-76-9

507/352 16
10120
: 02 210 2204 02 210 2206

sR: idvwn isMG gorovwVw mwqw mwn kOr gorovwVw
ies ikqwb dI syvw siqkwr Xog ipqw sR: idvwn isMG jI Aqy mwqw
mwn kOr dI imTI Xwd iv~c sR: idldwr isMG , bIbI srvn kOr Aqy
bIbI jIqpwl kOr , bYNkOk - QweI lYNf vlo kIqI geI [

( )
-

3
 qqkrw (Contents)

pMnw
pMjwbI bolI dI jwx kwrI 6-7
pMjwbI bolI dIAW ivSySqwvW 8 - 11
pMjwbI ivAwkrx 12 - 13
gurmuKI il~pI 14 - 19
pMjwbI A~Kr boD 20 - 26
- vrx dy Byd 27 - 34
- SbdW dI bnwvt 35 - 73
igxqI qy sMiKAwvwcI 74 - 80
- Sbd boD 81 - 84
sbdW dy rUpWqr 84
nwauN (nWv) 85 -96
- nwauN dw rUpWqr - ilMg 97 - 103
- nwauN dw rUpWqr - vcn 98 - 104
- kwrk 105 - 107
pVnwauN 108 - 112
ivSySx 113 - 121
ikirAw 122 - 124
- () kwl 125 - 131
ikirAw ivSySx 132 - 137
sMbMDk 138 - 139
Xojk 139 - 145
ivsimk 146 - 149
ivSrwm icMnH 150 - 161
Sbd - boD 162 - 163
vwk vtWdrw 164 - 170
Sbd-rcnw 171 - 172

4
 qqkrw (Contents) pMnw
Agyqr 173 - 178
ipCyqr 178 - 183
SbdwvlI 183 - 185
186 - 188
ivroDI Sbd 189 - 192
smwnwrQk Sbd 193 - 195
smwn-aucwrn Sbd 196 - 197
bhuqy SbdW leI ie~k Sbd 198 - 200
bhu-ArQk Sbd 201 - 207
vwk - AMS 208 - 212
- muhwvry 212 - 224
AKwx Sbd 225 - 234
roz bolx vwly vwk 235 - 250
pirvwr 251 - 253
vkq - vylw 254 - 259
rMg 260
- ikrq - ivrq 260 - 262
srIr dy AMg 263 - 265
- - Pl - swg BwjI - jwnvr 266 - 270
aupXogI SbdwvlI 271 - 275
ic~TI - p~qr rcnw 276 - 283

smpUrk
- 284 - 318
( , , , , , ,
, , , , )
shwiek pusqk - sUcI 319
gur Sbd pMnw 496 320

5

1. (
2. ()
3.
( )

Dialect
()
100
Distinct
Dialects
Language Department of Punjab
1 . Majhi mwJI -
Gurdaspur gurdwspur, Amritsar
AMimRqsr Lahore lwhOr .. 1947

V AgwVI, pCwVI , mwVI

2 . Malwai mlveI -
iProzpur , biTMfw , PrIdkot , pitAwlw
luiDAwxw
- ky QonUM
(quhwnUM ), Qofy (quhwfy ),
nMd kwrj (AwnMd kwrj ),
KMf pwT (AKMf pwT )
( \
)

6
 3 . Doabi duAwbI -
jlMDr
kpUrQlw - huiSAwrpur
b v vihVkw bihVkw
v~tw b~tw
4 . Pothohari poTohwrI -


kI nUM ausnUM auskI
g sI jwvygw jwsI

Language Department of Punjab Multani mulqwnI
Pahari phwVI Bhattiani poTohwrI Kangri poTohwrI
Rathi poTohwrI Jhangi poTohwrI





Shahmukhi
Sheikh Farid
Goraknath Heer-Ranjha
Mirza - Sahiban -


(.. 2012)

400

7
 pMjwbI bolI dIAW ivSySqwvW
Characteristics of Punjabi Language
( )
.
. ( il~pI Script )
( gurumu~KI Guru Mukhi )
. (
) G (ghagga) J (jhajja) B (bhabba) D (dhadda) V
(r a r a) l (lalla )

.
()

.
One sound - One symbole
.
5 A K G p m
. (Capital Letter A a )
a the

. (Upper or lower case letter)

.

h icMnH ( ), r icMnH ( ), v icMnH ( )

-
30 () () 42
52 35
6 41

8
 : ()
3
a
E

3
. ( mwq-BwSw )

()
. (rwStrI BwSw )


. (AMqr - rwStrI BwSw )

:- - -
:- - -
:- - -

,
, (
)


. pMjwbI . ihMdI
. sMsikRq . kSmIrI . aurdU . AswmI
. qylgU . qwiml . kMnV . milAwlm
. mrwTI . bMgwlI . auVIAw . gujrwqI

www.sikhnet.com
10
 -- -



s mYM cOl KWdw hW () () () s

( )
-- --
-- --
-- --
-- --
-- --
--
10 ()
. () 1,080,000,000
. () 370,000,000
. 350,000,000
. 340,000,000
. 206,000,000
. 203,000,000
. 196,000,000
. 196,000,000
. 126,000,000
. 104,000,000
( )


(Chandighar) (Delhi ) (Haryana)

()
( )

11
 ( ivAwkrx Grammar )

ivAwkrx Aijhy nymW dw smUMh huMdw hY,
ijhVy iksy BwSw jW bolI nUM SuD rUp iv~c ilKx Aqy pVHn leI vrqo iv~c AwauNdy hn[
hr BwSw dI AwpxI AwpxI ivAwkrx huMdw hY [

3 ivAwkrx dy 3 Bwg hn
. - () vrx jW A~Kr boD -
(Orthography)

. ( - ) Sbd boD - (Etymology)

. - () vwk boD -
(Syntax)

35 6
41
41 ( tolI -)

a A e s h ( mu~K tolI - )
k K g G | ( kvrg tolI - )
c C j J \ ( cvrg tolI - )
t T f F x ( tvrg tolI - )
q Q d D n ( qvrg tolI - )
p P b B m ( pvrg tolI - )
X r l v V ( AMqm vrg tolI- )
S ^ Z z & L (nvIn vrg tolI- )
41
12


:-
.
.
.
.

() G (ghagga) J (jhajja) B (bhabba)
D (dhadda) V (r a r a) l (lalla )
g (ghagga)


( )
- () - ()
r (raaraa ) -
inrMkwr - ()


car
praupkwr - =
vr -

pusqkW - = books

13
 () gurmuKI il~pI

a aUT = Camel

au~n = aulU =
aUVw uraa u

A AMgUr =
AMb =
Grapes

AYVw airaa a

e ie~l =
ieMjn =
Kite

eIVI eeree i-e

s s~p = Snake
skUl = swDU =

s~sw sassa s

h hwQI = Elephant
h~Q = hQOVw =

hwhw haahaa h

k kwr Car
kwgz =

k~kw kakka k

K KIrw Cucumber
Koqw = Kyf =
K~Kw khakkaa kh

14
 g gW = Cow
grIb = gyNd =
g~gw gaggaa g

G
Gr - = Home
GoVw = GVI =

G~gw ghaggaa gh

| vM|W Bangels
rM|xvwlw =

|M|W agangaa ng

c cUhw Rat
cu~lw = c~tnI =

c~cw chachahaa ch

C C~lI Cob
Cwp = CqrI =

C~Cw chhahchha chh

j jIp Jeep
juqI = jMdrw =

j~jw jajja j

J Jrnw Waterfall
JMfw = J~gw =
J~jw jhajja jh

15
 \ ieM\x =
jM\ =
Engine

\M\W njnjna y

t tmwtr = Tomato
itkt = t~lI =

tYNkw tainkaa t

T TMfw = Cold
Twxydwr =

T~Tw thath tha th

f f~fU = Frog
fwkKwnw =

f~fw daddaa d

F FolkI = Drum
iF~f = FwfI =

F~fw dhaddaa dh

x ilKxw = Write
bwx = mKx =

xwxw naanaa n

q qoqw = Parrot
q~qw = qmwSw =

q~qw tatta t

16
 Q Qrmos = Thermus
QMm = Qwl =

Q~Qw thath thaa th

d dsqwr = Turban
drvwzw = dIvw =
d~dw daddaa d

D Dnu~S = Bow
Dwgw = DobI =
D~dw dhadda dh

n inMbU = Lemon
nlkw = ndI =

n~nw nannah n

p ppIqw = Papaya
p~qw = pwxI =

p~pw pappaah p

P Pu~l = Flower
Pl = Pu~PV =

P~Pw phaph pha ph

b ib~lI = Cat
bq~K = b~cw =

b~bw babbaa b

-
-
17
 B
B~bw
Byf = Sheep
Bwl () =
bhabbah bh

m mor = Peacock
mwqw = mtr =

mMmw mammah m

X X~kw = Horse-driven two wheel

XoDw = XqIm =

X~Xw yaiyya y

r rwjw = King
rwxI = ryfIE =

rwrw raaraa r

l lYNp = Lamp
lVkI = l~q () =

l~lw lallaa l

v v~Cw = calf
v~tw = vylw =
v~vw vavvaa vw

V GVI = Watch
ivCoVw =

VwVw raa! raa!

rra

18
 S Syr =
Srbq =
Lion

S~Sw shash sha

^ ^rbUzw = Melon
^q = ^rgoS =
^~^w khakh kha

Z Zubwrw = Ballon
Zlq = Zm =
Z~Zw ghagh gha

z zYbrw =
zKm =
Zebra

z~zw zazza

& &OjI =
&qih =
Soldier

&~&w faffa

L QwL = Plate
imLn =
L~Lw lal llah

19
 -
Alphabet writing guide line
1
1 1 2 3 2
2

2 1
1 3
2 4 1 3 2
4
3

1 1 1

2 3 2 3 2
3 4
3
1 1 1

3 2 2 2

4 3 4 3 4
1 1

3 2 2
3

20


21
 ()

p K D Q b X p
K D
Q
b X

q V B f a q

V
B
f
a
q

n T l n
T
l

j c j

c

22
 t e x P d F t
e
x
P
d
F

r h g k r
45
h
g
k

s m s
m

v \ v

\

C | J A G
C | J A
G
23


24
 ie~kqwlI gurmuKI A~Kr :-

a
uraa
A
airra
e
eeree
s
sassa
h
haahaa
k
kakka
K g
khakka gaggaa

G | c
ghaggaa agangaa chachaa chhahcha jajja
C j J
jhajja
\ t
njnja tainkaa

T f F
thath tha daddaa dhaddaa naanaa
x q
tatta
Q d D
thath thaa daddaa dhadda

n p P b B
nannah pappaah phaph pha babbaa bhabbah mammah yayya raaraa
m X r

l
lallaa
v
vavvaa
V
raaraa

S
shashsha khakhkha
^ Z
ghaghgha
z
zazza
&
faffa
L
lal laah

:-

mukqw () kMnw (w) ishwrI (i )

ibhwrI ( I) AONkV ( u) dulYNkV ( U)
lWv ( y) dulWvW ( Y) hoVw ( o)
knOVw ( O)
ibMdI ( N) it~pI ( M) A~Dk ( ~ )
25
 10 ()
a (O) , A (A), e (E)
32 s V

10

10 Dependent Vowels
Accent Example Vowel English
- a (a in about ) s sa mukqw Muktaa
w aa ( a in part ) vw vaa kMnw Kannaa
i i ( i in it ) iz zi ishwrI Sihaaree
I ee (ee in see ) eI ee ibhwrI Bihaaree
u uh (u in put ) au o,u AONkV Aunkar
U - oo ( u in food ) aU oo dulYNkV Du lain karr
y e ( a in cake ) ly le lWv Laanv
Y ai ( a in man ) sY sai dulWvW Dulaanv
o o ( o in show ) ro ro hoVw Ho raah
O au ( o in bought ) gO gau knOVw Ka nau raa

() Independent Vowels
Accent Example Vowel English
A a AsIN assi us
Aw aa AwlU alloo potato
ie i ie~k ik one
eI ee eIst eesat east
au u, o auh oh They
aU oo aUT ooth Camel
ey e ey e is
AY ai AYqvwr aitavaar Sunday
E o AwE aoo come

26
 vrx dy Byd of
(Kinds Letters)

4 pMjwbI bolI iv~c vrxW dy au~cwrx Aqy rUpW krky cwr Byd hn
- ijvyN -
. svr ( Vowels) -
3
a A e (svr A~Kr )
10
A, Aw, ie, eI, au, aU, ey, AY, E Aqy AO

. ivAMjn ( Consonants) -

32 s V

. Anunwsk ( Nasals) -
5
|, \, x, n, m (
)

. du~q A~Kr ( Double Sounded Letters - Conjoints)

2

3 h, r v pVHnW, pRgt,
VH pR
( r -
kwr
-
)

27
 lgW mwqrW
Symbols and Consonent Symbole

- Awvwj pYdw
krn vwly icNMnHW nUM lgW AwiKAw jWdw hY [ 10
( muhwrnI )
()
1 (A) mukqw koeI nhIN fr, Gr, mtr, Drm, mqlb

2 (Aw) kMnw dwl, bwl, kwr, glws, A^bwr

3. (ie) ishwrI ies, icr, ilK, isqwr, ikqwb

4. (eI) ibhwrI hwQI, pqI, sItI, pqIlI, ibjlI,

5. (au) AONkV qur, sur, murgw, gulwb, pusqk,

6. (aU) dulYNkV aUT, dUr, pUrn, ksUr, PwlqU

7. (ey) lWv syr, Pyr, svyr, bynqI, inqnym

8. (AY) dulWvW BYx, bYT, AYlwn, vYswKI, AYqvwr

9. (E) hoVw gol, qol, Brosw, motr, somvwr

10. (AO) knOVw cOr, POj, nOkr, mOsm, nOjvwn

:
3 a A e
a A e

28
1. a AONkV au~T aus auh aupmw ,
dUlYNkV, aUT aUxw aUSw,

hOVw Et Em EmI Es,

2. A () mukqw Aj Ax Aq,

kMnw, Awqmw Aws Awp Awj,

dulWvW AYsw sYnk,
Aqy knOVw AOrq AOKw AOLw AOsq,

3. e

ishwrI, iek iemlI iel,

ibhwrI , KweI CweI BulweI,

lWv , eykw eykS eynw,

()
10
k, kw, ik, kI, ku, kU, ky, kY, ko, kO,
- K, Kw, iK, KI, Ku, KU, Ky, KY, Ko, KO,
s, sw, is, sI, su, sU, sy, sY, so, sO,
- c, cw, ic, cI, cu, cU, cy, cY, co, cO,
32

lgW dIAW iksmW ( Kinds of marks of vowel
sounds) -

29
1. hRsv lgW
()
( i ) ( u ) :
a A
e
2. dIrG lgW

( w ) , ( I ),

( U), ( y ), ( Y ),
( o ), ( O ),
} lgwKr ( Consonant Symboles ) }
3

1. ibMdI ( . ) Bindi

2. it~pI ( M ) Tipi

3. A~Dk ( ~ ) Adhak

lgwKrW dI lgW nwl vrqoN

sq (-)
sMq (-)

30
 1.

6

N
1. kMnw kW CW gW
2. ibhwrI nINd pING
AsIN sweIN
3. lWv gyNd pyNt
4. dulwvW lYNdw mYN
5. hoVw goNglU roNdw
6. knOVw cONkw AONkV

2.
4

M
1. mukqw AMb kMm
sMq KMf
2. ishwrI isMG ipMf
ibMdI ihMg
3. AOMkV suMf luMgI
4. dulYNkV fUMGw kUMfw
mUMgI cUMFI

:
:-
ikauN = iqauN =
KwaUNgw = jwaUNgw =

31
3. 3

1. mukqw A~K s~c

2. ishwrI is~K iv~c

3. AONkV du~K bu~Fw

:-
ju~qI - ju~+ q +qI = ( )
ku~qw - ku~+ q +qw = ( )

sdw s~c bolo[ - sdw s~+c+c bolo

= ()
b~cw roNdw hY[ - b~+c+cw roNdw hY
=

:-

K K

K K

K K

32
 K K
1. gw - (gwauxw) - ()
rwm gw irhw hY -
gW - (gaU) - ()
gW du~D idMdI hY -
2. swg - ( sbzI) - ( )
srdIAW iv~c swg bhuq suAwd l~gdw hY [

sWg - ( nkl) - ( )
swnUM bzurgW dI sWg nhIN lwauxI cwhIdI [

K K
1. sq - ( rs ) - ()
bzwroN inMbU dw sq ilAwE [

sMq - ( mhwqmw ) - ( )
ieh sMq pKMfI hY [ ()
2. j~g - ( BWfw ) - ( )
pwxI dw j~g Br ky ilAwE [ ()

jMg - ( lVweI ) - ( )
jMg dw hmySw nukswn huMdw hY [

3. k~q - ( k~qxw ) - ( )
bu~FI mweI sUq k~q rhI hY [

kMq - ( pqI ) - ( )
rwxI dw kMq bwhr nOkrI krdw hY [

33
 K K
1. sjw - ( sjwauxw ) - ( )
auh Gr nUM sjw rhI hY [ -
s~jw - ( s~jw ) - ( )
myrw s~jw h~Q du~Kdw hY [ -
2. htI - ( h~txw ) - ( )
qUM cMgy kMm krnoN nw htI [ -

h~tI - ( dukwn ) - ( )
h~tI qoN sOdw ilAwE [ -
3. sdw - ( hmySw ) - ( )
sdw s~c bolo [ -
s~dw - ( bulwvw ) - ( )
cwh leI s~dw Aw cu~kw hY [-
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

du~q A~Kr ( Double Sounded Letters - Co joints )

2

3 h, r v pVHnW, pRgt, VH
pR

A~Kr h icMnH H
pVHnW = AwlHxw = imlH =

A~Kr r icMnH R
kRm = pyRm = poR&Ysr =

A~Kr v icMn v
sYvmwn = sYvjIvnI =
: v

34
 -
10
1. mu~kqw
Gr Pl mtr brP dr^q
drSn
:
: -
: ()

: mukqy vwly do A~Kry Sbd

G + r = Gr
+ = house

P + l = Pl
+ = fruit

h + s = hs
+ = laughing
b + s = bs ( ) bus c + l = cl () go
f + r = fr () afraid k + r = kr () action
l + V = lV () fighting r + b = rb () God
m + q = mq () faith k + l = kl () tomorrow
d + s = ds () inform j + l = jl () water
b + l = bl () power m + n = mn () mind

hn sn cl sx ht Gs
PV qr kr hl
: Pl Ck = jl Br =
gl kr = lV mq =
Gr v~l cl [ = C~q pr cV [ =
sB Gr hn [ = ds ng hn [ =

35
 : 3 mukqy vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd
k + l + m = klm
+ + = pen

k + m + l = kml
+ + = lotus

b + l + b = blb -
+ + = - bulb

m + t + r = mtr
+ + = sweet pea

n + g + r = ngr
+ + = village
s + V + k = sVk () road b + t + n = btn () button
c + r + n = crn () foot n + r + m = nrm () soft
D + r + m = Drm () religion ^ + b + r = ^br () news
S + r + q = Srq () condition S + b + d = Sbd () word
n + g + r = ngr () town g + r + m = grm () hot
c + m + k = cmk () shine A + m + r = Amr () immortal
k + x + k = knk () wheat & + r + m = &rm ()company
&sl s&r Zlq smJ krn
PrS nzr cqr glq
: klm PV = btn jV =
Bgq bx = ^br kr =
ngr vl cl [ = Amr s&r kr[ =

mtr nrm hn [
klm PV[ kml PV [

36
 : 4 mukqy vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd
p + r + b + q = prbq
+ + + = mountain
b + r + q + n = brqn
+ + + = utensil
A + d + r + k = Adrk
+ + + + = ginger
d + & + q + r = d&qr
+ + + = office

d+r+^+q = dr^q () S+r+b+q = Srbq ()

k+s+r+q = ksrq () d+s+q+k = ds^q ()
d+r+j+n = drjn () g+r+d+n = grdn ()
d+r+S+n = drSn () n+&+r+q = n&rq ()
J+t+p+t = Jtpt () A+c+k+n = Ackn ()
k+r+q+b = krqb () b+s+q+r = bsqr ()
mqlb gVbV srks m^ml jgmg
fgmg prgt bcpn msqk
: J~tpt kr [ = kSrq kr =
Adrk rgV = brqn PVH =
brqn grm kr [ = srks vl cl [ =
J~tpt Gr vl cl [ =
Arjn n&rq n kr [ =

brqn swP kr[ prbq vl cl [

37
 mukqw Sbd SbdwvlI =


Punjabi Word Pronunciation Meaning
Ackn aachkan jacket suit Indian style
Adrk aderrak ginger Arcx archan hurdle
sB sabh all sn san () were
sVk sarak road srprsq sarprast person incharge
srl saral easy svrg swarg heaven
s&r safar travel hn han () are
hr har every hrkq harkat action
hrdm hardam all the time hlcl halchal commotion
ksrq kasrat excercise kdm kadam step
kxk kanak wheat kmr kamar waist

kml kamal lotus krm karam actions

klm kalam pen gdgd gadgad very happy
Zm gham worry grm garam hot

grdn gardan neck gVbV garbar problem

Gr ghar house crn charan feet

cl chal go Ck chhak eat

Cl chhal deceit jgq jagat world
jqn jatan effort jp jap remember

jl jal water js jas fame

fgmg dagmag unbalance fr dar fear afraid

q^q takhat throne qn tan body

qpS tapash heat qrl taral liquid

Qx th-un teats Ql thal land

dm dum breath dr^q dar-khat tree

drd darad pain Dn dhan money

38
 Punjabi Word Pronunciation Meaning

Drm dharam religion nkl nakal copy / imitate

nbz nabaz pulse nrm naram soft
nvrqn navratan nine gemmed prgt pargat appear
prbq parbat mountain pl pal moment
plk palak eyelash &sl kasal crops
Pl phal fruit bsqr bastar cloths
bcpn bachpan childhood btn batan button
bq^ batakh duck bdcln badchalan bad behaviour
bdn badun body bn bun forest

brkq barkat plentiness brqn bartan dishes

bl bal / force/strength Bgq bhagat sage/saint
Br bhar fill msq mast deeply involved
msqk mastaq forehead mihk maihak fragrance
mgn magan absorbed mgrmC magarmachh crocodil
mtr matar peas mqlb matlab meaning
mdd madad help mn mun heart

mlml malmal muslin m&lr maflar shawl

Xqn yatan effort rs ras juice
rsm rasam custom lgBg lagbhag approximately
lgn lagan interest lsx lasan garlic
lkV lakar wood vkq vaqat time

v^q vakhat problem vxj vanaj business

vqn vatan country vrxn varnan description

vlCl valchhal crookedness Srm sharam shyness

Srbq sharbat sweeten water ^q khat letter
zbrdsq zabardast wonderful &rk farak difference
&rj farz duty &rS farsh floor

39
 2. kMnw
The aa sound
:
:
: ()
a Car Ball
: a e
muhwrnI () : Aw sw hw kw Kw gw Gw |w cw Cw jw Jw \w tw Tw fw Fw xw qw
Qw dw Dw nw pw Pw bw Bw mw Xw rw lw vw Vw Sw ^w &w Zw zw Lw
: kMny (w) vwly do A~Kry Sbd
k + w + k + w = kwkw kaaka (boy)
+ + + =
k + w + r = kwr
+ + = Car

r + w + j + w = rwjw King

+ + + =
A + w + s = Aws () hope d+w+l = dwl () Farmer
b + w + g = bwg () garden s+w+g = swg () vegetable
X + w + d = Xwd () remember A+w+p = Awp () self
r + w + h = rwh () way G+w+h = Gwh () grass
n + w + m = nwm ( ) name p + w + T = pwT () recitel
d+w+d+w = dwdw () grand father c+w+c+w = cwcw () uncle
m+w+q+w = mwqw ( ) mother k+w+l+w = kwlw () black
G+w+t+w = Gwtw () loss D+w+g+w = Dwgw () thread
: sVk pwr kr[ = Blw kr[ =
vwjw vjw[ = nwm jp[ =
QwL sw& kr[ = grm dwl nw Kwh[
= kwkw Aw cwvl rotI Kwh[ =
kwlw Dwgw PVH[ =

40
 : kMny (w) vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd

g + l + w + s = glws
+ + + = glass

m + k + w + n = mkwn
+ + + = house
b + s + q + w = bsqw
+ + + = bag
s+v+w+l = svwl () question j+v+w+b = jvwb () answer
n+l+k+w = nlkw () pump c+l+w+k = clwk () clever
k+p+V+w = kpVw () cloth h+l+k+w = hlkw () light
k+p+w+h = kpwh () cotton m+w+l+k = mwlk () owner
p+q+l+w = pqlw () thin b+w+l+k = bwlk () child
c+w+d+r = cwdr () sheet k+w+Z+z = kwZz () paper
^+r+w+b = ^rwb () defect A+n+w+r=Anwr()pomegranate
^+q+r+w =^qrw () danger s+V+n+w = sVnw () burning
B+r+n+w = Brnw () filled r+s+q+w = rsqw () passage

:
Xwqrw kr [ = dsqwr sjw [ =
swbx nwl nhw [ =
mkwn bxw [ =
Anwr Kwh [ =
JgVw nw kr [ =
glws sw& kr [ =
Awpxw pwT Xwd kr[ =
krqwr dw nwm Xwd kr [ =
kwbl isMG cklw PVH [ =
Amr qblw vjw [ =

41
 : kMny (w) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd

A + ^ + b +w + r = A^bwr
+ + + + =
t + m + w +t + r = tmwtr
+ + + + =
s + r + d +w + r = srdwr
+ + + + = chief , leader, commander

b + h + w + d + r = bhwdr () brave, fearless

p + r + v + w + r = prvwr () family
B + g + v + w + n = Bgvwn () God
k + r + q + w + r = krqwr ( -)
t + m + w + t + r = tmwtr () tomato
b + l + v + w + n = blvwn () strong
d + s + q + w + r = dsqwr () Turban
A + r + d + w + s = Ardws () praying =
X + w + d + g + w + r = Xwdgwr () memorial
v + & + w + d + w + r = v&wdwr () faithful , honest
k + r + w + m + w + q = krwmwq () miracle
s + m + w + c + w + r = smwcwr () news

:
Ardws kr[ =
krwmwq nw ivKw[ =
Amn A^bwr nw pwV[ =
prSwd bxw[ = ()
krqwr dsqwr sjw [ =
sB dw v&wdwr bx [ =
qlvwr nw PV[ =

42
3. ishwrI The I sound

:
:
: ()
I Hill e Before
: a A
muhwrnI () : ie is ih ik iK ig iG i| ic iC ij iJ i\ it iT if iF ix
iq iQ id iD in ip iP ib iB im iX ir il iv iV iS i^ i& iZ iz iL

: ishwrI (i) vwly do A~Kry Sbd

i+l+K = ilK lek ( write )
+ + =
i+s+K = isK sek ( learn )
+ + =
i+m+l = iml mel ( meet )
+ + =
i + d + l = idl () heart, mind i+d+n = idn () day
i + P + r = iPr () again i+e+k = iek ( ) one
i + e + h = ieh () this i+v+c = ivc () inside
i + k + s = iks () whose i+e+t = iet () brick
i + s + r = isr ( ) head i+j+q = ijq () victory
i + c + r = icr () delay i+g+x = igx () count

: ^q ilK [ = icr nw lw [ =
iml kr cl [ = isr nw ihlw[ =
idn Br nw cl [ = iek iet ilAw[
= dwrw isMG iKmW kr[ =
sw& sw& idl lw ik ilK[ =

14
-
43
 : ishwrI (i) vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd

S+i+h+r = Sihr sh-haar (City)

+ + + =

i + m + r + c = imrc mee-raach (Chilli)

+ + + =
i + h + r + n = ihrn hee-run (Deer)
+ + + =
i+k+q+w+b = ikqwb ( ) Book
i+k+s+w+n = ikswn ( ) Peasant, Farmer
i+D+A+w+n = iDAwn ( ) attention, care
i+g+A+w+n = igAwn ( ) knowledge
i+K+A+w+l = iKAwl ( ) though, take care
i+s+A+w+x+w = isAwxw ( ) intelligent
i+l+&+w+&+w = il&w&w ( ) envelope
k+i+v+q+w = kivqw ( ) poem
k+i+h+x+w = kihxw ( ) speak, tell
i+p+A+w+r+w = ipAwrw ( ) dear, beloved
g+i+h+x+w = gihxw ( ) ornament
d+i+e+A+w = dieAww ( ) mercy
:
isAwxw bx [ =
iDAwn nwl ihswb kr [ =
imrc nw Kwh [ =
mihmwn dw Awdr kr [ =
nihr ivc jwl pw [ =
ipAwr nwl ies klm nwl ilK [ =
iglws sw& kr [ =

44
 : ishwrI (i) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd
i + n + r + m + l = inrml nir-maal pure
+ + + + = pure , clean

i + s + m + r + n = ismrn simran
+ + + + = meditation

m + i + h + m + w + n = mihmwn meh maan

+ + + + + = guest
i + k + q + w + b + w = ikqwbw () books
i + b + s + q + r + w = ibsqrw () bed
i + e + S + n + w + n = ieSnwn () bathing
i + d + l + d + w + r = idldwr () beloved
i + k + r + p + w + l = ikrpwl () merciful
i + v + c + k + w + r = ivckwr ( ) between
i + s + & + w + r + S = is&wrS ( ) recommendation
p + i + h + l + v + w + n = pihlvwn ( ) champion
i + S + k + w + i + e + q = iSkwieq ( ) complain
i + l + A + w + i + e + A + w = ilAwieAw ( ) bring it

:
kCihrw pw[ =
ibsqrw iqAwr kr[ =
mihmwn AwieAw[ =
AiBAws kr[ = ieSnwn kr[ =
AiBmwn nw kr[ =
iqlkx vl nw jwh[ =
idldwr sdw ismrn kr[ =
ikrpwl ikrpwn dw iDAwn rK[ =
inrml ipqw nwl jw[ =

45
 4. ibhwrI The EE sound
Bihaaree
:
:
: ()
ee Feet ea Each
y Lilly
: a A
muhwrnI () : eI sI hI kI KI gI GI |I cI CI jI JI \I tI TI fI FI xI
qI QI dI DI nI pI PI bI BI mI XI rI lI vI VI SI ^I &I ZI zI LI
: ibhwrI ( I )vwly do A~Kry Sbd
p + I + l + I = pIlI peelee ( yellow )
+ + + =
j + I + q = jIq () jeet ( victory )
+ + =
h + w + Q + I = hwQI hathi ( elephant )
+ + + =
l + I + k = lIk () line T+I+k = TIk () correct
v + I + r = vIr () brother c + I + k = cIk () crying
m + I + q = mIq () freind p + I + V = pIV () pain
j + I + B = jIB () tongue B + I + V = BIV () crowd
m+w+m I = mwmI () aunty c+w+c+I = cwcI () aunty
k+I+V I = kIVI () ant Q+w+l+I = QwlI (-) plate
S+I+S+I = SISI () glass (small)

: KIr Kwh [ = cIk nw mwr [ =

nIlI kwpI ilAw [ = rIs nw kr [
= kIVI nw mwr [ = vIh qk igx [
= cwcI nwl Gr jw [ =

46
: ibhwrI( I )vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd
s + r + I + r = srIr sareer
+ + + = (body)
k + l + g + I = klgI kalgee
+ + + = (crest)
c + t + x + I = ctxI chaatni
+ + + = (sauce)
A + m + I + r = AmIr ( ) Rich , wealthy
D + r + q + I = DrqI ( ) Earth , world
A + s + l + I = AslI ( ) Real, original, true
n + k + l + I = nklI ( ) Imitation , counterfeit
d + v + w + e + I = dvweI ( ) Medicine
m + h + I + n + w = mhInw ( ) Month
m + l + w + e + I = mlweI ( ) Milk Cream
i + e + m + l + I = iemlI ( ) Tamarind
i + s + A + w + h + I = isAwhI ( ) Ink
i + n + S + w + n + I = inSwnI ( ) Sign, symbole

: AjIq kVwhI ilAw [ =

isAwhI vwlI dvwq ilAw [ =
glwsI nwl pwxI pI [ =
cwcI kVwhI ilAw kVwh bxw[ =
nwnI KIr ilAweI [ =
AjIq ispwhI vrgI vrdI pw[ =
AslI nklI dI prK kr [ =

kwlI isAwhI nwl ilK [ =

47
 : ibhwrI ( I ) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd
& + r + v + r + I = &rvrI - February
+ + + + = - February - month

q+s+v+I+r = qsvIr tasveer portrait

++++ = picture , portrait, image, painting

k+w+r+I+g+r = kwrIgr karighaar craftsman

+ + + + + = craftsman, artificer, tradesman

k+I+r+q+n = kIrqn () reciting Gurbani with music

d + v+w+e+I = dvweI ( ) medicine
p + r+q+I+q = prqIq ( ) confidence , feel,
k + S+m+I+r = kSmIr ( ) Kashmir city
s + &+w+e+I = s&weI () cleaning
v + I+r+v+w+r = vIrvwr ( ) Thursday
b + h+w+d+r+I = bhwdrI () bravery
h + l+v+w+e+I = hlvweI ( ) confectioner
P + t+k+V+I = PtkVI ( ) alum

:
hrjIq kIrqn kr[ =
qsvIr bxw[ =
bhwdrI ivKw[ =
PtkVI nw Kwh [ =
&rvrI dw mhInw ATweI idnW dw sI[
=

48
 5. AONkV The U sound
Aunkar
:
:
: ()
u Put
: A e
muhwrnI () : au su hu ku Ku gu Gu |u cu Cu ju Ju \u tu Tu fu Fu xu qu Qu du Du
nu pu Pu bu Bu mu Xu ru lu vu Vu Su ^u &u Zu zu Lu

: AONkV ( u) vwly do A~Kry Sbd

s+ u+K = suK () suke ( happyness )
+ + = ()
d+ u+K = duK () dukh ( sorrow )
+ + = ()
s+ u+x = sux () sune ( hearing )
+ + = ()
g + u+ r = gur () guru s + u+ r = sur () tune
g + u+ x = gux () skill c + u+ p = cup () quite g
+ u+ V = guV () sugar m + u+ K = muK () infront, head
k + u+ J = kuJ () some p + u+ x = pux () merit
q + u+ r = qur () walk B + u+ K = BuK () hungry
c + u+ p = cup () quite s + u+ K + I = suKI () happy

: Pl Ck = jl Br =
SuB kwr kr[ =
kuJ dwn vI kr[ =
duK suK sm kr jwx[ =
jldI muV Aw[ =

49
: AONkV( u) vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd
g + u+ l + w + b = gulwb gulaab

+ +++ = (rose)
a + u+ d + w + s = audws uhdaas (sorrow)
+ +++ =
k + u+ k + V + I = kukVI kukkree (chicken)
+ +++ =
p + u+ r + w + x + w = purwxw ( ) old , antique

K+ u+r+w+k = Kurwk () food , meal

d+ u+k+w+n = dukwn () shop

: zulm nw kr[ = dukwn vl jw[

= auh kuVqw bVw purwxw sI[ =
vDIAw ^urwk Kwh [ () =

: AONkV ( u) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd

P + u+ t + b + w + l = Putbwl footbaal
+ + + + + = football
k + u+ r + b + w + n + I = kurbwnI kurbani
+ + + + + + = sacrifice
k + u+ d + r + q = kudrq kudarat natur
+ + + + = natural
g + u+ r + m + u+ K + I = gurmuKI ( ) Gurmuki language
b + z + u + r + g = bzurg () elderly
C + u + t + k + w + r + w = Cutkwrw (/ ) seperation
: gurmuKI isK[ = kurbwnI kr[
= mnmuK nw bx[ =
guris~K dw siqkwr kr [ =

50
6. dulYNkV The OO sound
Dulainkar
: -
: -
: -
oo soon , school
: A e
muhwrnI () : aU sU hU kU KU gU GU |U cU CU jU JU \U tU TU fU FU xU qU QU dU DU
nU pU PU bU BU mU XU rU lU vU VU SU ^U &U ZU zU LU

: dUlYNkV( U)vwly do A~Kry Sbd

a + U + T = aUT () ooth ( Camel )
+ + = ()
c+ U+h+w = cUhw chooha (Rat )
+ + + =
s+ U+r+j = sUrj dukh ( the sun )
+ + + = ()
c+w+k+ U= cwkU () knife

s+w+D+ U= swDU () monk B+ U+A+w = BUAw () aunty

s+ U+e+I = sUeI () needle p+ U+r+w = pUrw () total
A+w+l+ U= AwlU () potato f+w+k+ U = fwkU () robber
b+ U+h+w = bUhw () door l+w+t+ U = lwtU () bulb

:
bUt sw& kr = fwkU nw bx =
kwkw cwkU nw PVH[ = bUtw isMG
JwVU mwr[ = cwkU nwl AwlU kt[ =
mUrK nw bx[ =

51
: dulYNkV( Uu)vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd
s + k + U + l = skUl school (school)
+ ++ =
s + U+ r + j = sUrj () sooraj
+ ++ = () (the sun)
p + U+ r + b = pUrb poorab (east)
+ ++ =
s + U+ r + q = sUrq ( ) form , figure
k+s+ U+r = ksUr () fault , guilt, reponsibility for error
k+b+ U+l = kbUl () accepted, admitted, confessed

: skUl vl jw[ = sUrj inkl AwieAw[

() = rwm dI mUrq bxw[ =
jlUs nwl jwh [ () =

: dulYNkV( U) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd

k + b + U+ q + r = kbUqr kabutar
+ + + + = piegeon

s + k + U+ t + r = skUtr scooter
+ + + + = scooter

v+w+i+h+g+ u+r+ U= vwihgurU Waheguru

+ + + + + + + = Waheguru

d + U + r + b + I + n = dUrbIn ( ) telescope
B+r+p+ U+r = BrpUr () full to capacity
m+j+b+ U+r = mjbUr ( ) forced, oblighed

: sUrbIr bx[ =
purwxw skUtr nw ilAw[ =
idldwr vwihgurU jp[ =
kbUqr nw PVH [ =

52
7. lwvW The a sound
Laavaan...
: -
: -
: -
a baby , cake , jail
: a A
muhwrnI () : ey sy hy ky Ky gy Gy |y cy Cy jy Jy \y ty Ty fy Fy xy qy Qy
dy Dy ny py Py by By my Xy ry ly vy Vy Sy ^y &y Zy zy Ly

: lwvW ( y ) vwly do A~Kry Sbd

S+ y+r = Syr sher

+ + = (Lion)
K+ y+f = Kyf () ked

+ + = () ( play, game )
k + y + l + y = kyly keleh

+ + + = (banana )
d + y+ r = dyr () late q + y+ l = qyl () oil
m + y+ l = myl () meet r + y+ q = ryq () sand
s+ y+v+w = syvw () service m+ y+v+w = myvw () resin
q+ y+r+I = qyrI () your m+ y+r+I = myrI () mine
b+ y+V+I = byVI () boat s+w+r+ y = swry () total, all
q+w+r+ y = qwry () stars
v+w+j+ y = vwjy () music instrument
: syvw kr = myly qy jwh =
ryq qy nw lyt[ =
rupeIey dy myvy ilAw[ =
swry KIry nw Kwh[ =

53
: lwvW( y) vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd
s + v+ y + r = svyr savair (morning)
+ + + =
k + y + r + l + w = krylw karaila (bitter gourd)
+ + + + =
b + y+ n + q + I = bynqI () benti

+ + + + = () (request)
c+p+y+V = cpyV ( ) slap on face
s+ y+v+k = syvk ( ) disciple , servant , follower
k+p+V+ y = kpVy () cloths, garment, textile
: Syr Aw igAw[ = kyly pIly sn[
= syb bhuq lwl hn[ = aus ny myry
swry kyly Kw ley [ =

: lwvW ( y) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd

p + y + c + k + s = pycks pejkus
+ + + + = screw driver
Q + w + x + y +d + w + r = Qwxydwr thane daar
+ + + + + = police captain
a + u+ p + d + y + s = aupdys oop desh
+ + + + + = advice, suggestion
s + y+ v + w + d + w + r = syvwdwr ( ) servant, service man
i + n + q + n + y+ m = inqnym () routine prayers
d + r + v + y+ S = drvyS ( ) holyman, saint, beggar
: prdys jw ky vwpwr kr[ =
inqnym kirAw kr[ = swfy Gr
Qwxydwr AwieAw sI[ = dsmyS ipqw
jI nUM nmskwr kr[ =

54
8. dulwvW The a & ai sound
Dulaavaan
: -
: -
: -
a cat , pair ()
: a e
muhwrnI () : AY sY hY kY KY gY GY |Y cY CY jY JY \Y tY TY fY FY xY qY QY
dY DY nY pY PY bY BY mY XY rY lY vY VY SY ^Y &Y ZY zY LY

: dulwvW ( Y)vwly do A~Kry Sbd

B + Y + x = BYx () paihn (sister)
+ + = ()
b+ Y+T = bYT baith ( sit )
+ + =
p+ Y+s+ w = pYsw paisa ( money, wealth )
+ + + =
v + Y+ r = vYr () enmity g + Y+ s = gYs () gas
p + Y+ r = pYr () foot b + Y+ g = bYg () bag
B + Y+ V + w = BYVw ( ) bad, evil
l + Y+ x + w = lYxw () receive, acquire, get, obtain
m + Y+ l + w = mYlw () dirty, dusty
Q + Y+ l + I = QYlI () sack p + Y+ n = pYn () pen
: sB bYl bYTy hn[ =
pYlI vl sYr krn jw =
iksy nwl vYr nw kr[ =
QYlI nw CyV[ =
vYrI dw ivswh nw kr[ =
pYr sw& kr[ =

55
: lwvW( Y)vwly iqMn A~Kry Sbd
s + Y + k + l = sYkl (sweIkl) saikal
+ ++ = (bicycle)
k + Y + m + r + w = kYmrw caamrah
++++= (camera)
A+ Y+n+k = AYnk airnak
+++ = (eye glass )
p + Y + d + l = pYdl () on bare foot
v + Y+ s + w + K + I = vYswKI ( ) Vaisakee day
h + Y+ r + w + n + I = hYrwnI () astonished,wonder
j + Y+ k + w + r + w = jYkwrw ( ) shout, ovation

: kYmrw ilAw[ = pYdl nw jwh[

= tYksI dI svwrI kr[ =
^wlsw dw jnm vYswKI vwly idn dw hY [ =
()
: dulwvW ( Y)vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd
A+ Y +q+v+w+r = AYqvwr aitvaar
+ ++++ = (Sunday)
s+v + Y +t+r = svYtr swaater
++++ = (sweater)
h+ Y +r+w+n+g+I = hYrwngI hairangee
++++++ = (astonishing )
j+r+n+ Y+l = jrnYl () general
A + p + r+ Y + l = AprYl () month April
s + Y + n + w + p + q + I = sYnwpqI () minister
: kl AYqvwr hY[ = bdPYlI nw kr[
= svYtr CyqI ilAw[ =
AYtls sweIkl bhuq mShUr hY[ =

56
9. hoVw The o sound
Laavaan
:
: -
: -
o cone , coat ,
: A e
muhwrnI () : E so ho ko Ko go Go |o co Co jo Jo \o to To fo Fo xo qo Qo
do Do no po Po bo Bo mo Xo ro lo vo Vo So ^o &o Zo zo Lo

: hoVw ( o ) vwly do A~Kry Sbd

m + o + r = mor more (Peacock)
+ + =
k+ o+t = kot coat (Coat)
+ + =
b+ o+l = bol bole (talking)
+ + =
g + o+ l = gol () round c + o+ r = cor () thief

G + o+ V + w = GoVw () horse

q + o+ q + w = qoqw () parrot

m + o+ t + w = motw () fat , robust

r + o+ t + I = rotI () roti

t + o+ p + I = topI () hat

K + o+ t + w = Kotw ( ) counterfeit, fake

: topI vwlw GoVw lY ky AwieAw hY
= ieh kotI bhuq grm hY[
= JUT nw bol[ =
qoqw twhxI qy bYTw hY[ =

57
: hoVw ( o)vwly iqMn A~Kry Sbd
m + o + t + r = motr motar
+ + + = (motor car)
b + o + q + l = boql bhotal
+ + + = (bottle)
F + o + l + k + I = FolkI dhoolkhi
+ + + + = (two face drum)
r+ o+g+n = rogn () color k+r + o+D = koRD () angry
s+m + o+s+w = smosw () samosa
B+r + o+s+w = Brosw () trust, faith, confidence
r+ o+S+n = roSn () bright, shining, lighted
: smosw Kwh[ = boql nw PVH[
= tokrI ivc goBI pw[ = vwihgurU qy
Brosw kr [ =

: hoVw ( o ) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd

s + o + m + v + w +r = somvwr aitvaar
+ ++++ = (Monday)
s + r+ o+ v + r = srovr sarovaar
+ + ++ = (water tank)
k + m + z+ o+ r = kmzor kumyoor
++++ = (weakness, fragile, feeble)
A + m + o+ l + k = Amolk () unvaluable
A + n + m + o+ l = Anmol () priceless
A + & + s + o+ s = A&sos () sadness, sorrow
: kmzor nUM nw CyV[ = prmod
dw ArQ KuSI hY[ = godwvrI ivc
ieSnwn kr = klH bVw zordwr Dmwkw
hoieAw sI [ =

58
10. knOVw The au sound
Kanaura
:
: -
: -
o mom
: a e
muhwrnI () : AO sO hO kO KO gO GO |O cO CO jO JO \O tO TO fO FO xO qO QO
dO DO nO pO PO bO BO mO XO rO lO vO VO SO ^O &O ZO zO LO

: knOVw ( O) vwly do A~Kry Sbd

c+ O+r = cOr - chor
+ + = - (whisk - yaks feathers)
c+ O+l = cOl - cho al (rice)
+ + = -
k+ O+m = kOm - ko um (nation)
+ + = -
c + O+ V + w = cOVw ( ) broad, wide
D + Oo+ x = DOx () neck
A + O+ K + w = AOKw ( ) difficult, problematic
s + Oo+ K + w = sOKw ( ) easy, comfortable
r + O+ l + w = rOlw ( ) noise, uproar, shouting
s + O+ d + w = sOdw ( ) bargain, deal, negotiations,

: cOl ilAw[ = dvweI bhuq kOVI hY[

= kmry ivc kOx hY ? = ieh
srovr bhuq cOVw hY [ =

59
: knOVw ( O)vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd
m + O+ s + m = mOsm moohsaam
+ + + = (season)
h + O+ s + l + w = hOslw hoo-slah
+ + + + = (courage, morale, spirit)
h + Q + O + V + w = hQOVw hathoorah
+ + + = (hammer)
m+K+ O+l = mKOl () joke, hoax
f+r+ O+x+w = frOxw () scarecrow
i + K + f + O + x + w = iKfOxw - () toy, plaything
c + O + r + w + s+ I = cOrwsI () eighty four
: hQOVI ilAw[ = klH mOsm bhuq ^rwb sI[
- = purwxw qOlIAw nw ilAw [
=

: knOVw ( O ) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd

n+ O+j+v+w+n = nOjvwn nau javaan
+ ++++ = (Young man, youth)
c+ O+k+l+y+t = cOklyt nau javaan
+ ++++ = (Young man, youth)
n+ O+j+v+w+n = nOjvwn nau javaan
+ ++++ = (Young man, youth)
m + O+ n+ s + U + n = mOnsUn () invaluable
c + NO+ k + I+ d + w + r = cONkIdwr () priceless
s + O+ d + w + g + r = sOdwgr () sadness, sorrow

: sOdwgr sOdw ^rId irhw hY[ =

cONkIdwr pihrw dy irhw hY[ =
ieh myz cOrwsI rupey dw hY[ =
nOjvwn dOV rhy hn[ - =

60
 lgwKrW dI vrqoN
lgwKrW 12-14
:-
11. it~pI The n sound
Tippee
:
: -
: -
m limp n in link
:
:
a e
muhwrnI () : AM sM hM kM KM gM GM |M cM CM jM JM \M tM TM fM FM xM qM QM
dM DM nM pM PM bM BM mM XM rM lM vM VM SM ^M &M ZM zM LM

: it~pI ( M ) vwly do A~Kry Sbd

A+ M+b = AMb aamm
+ + = () (mango)
K+ M+f = KMf khand
+ + = (sugar)
p+ M+j = pMj () punj
+ + = () (five)
d+ M+d = dMd () teeth
g + M + d + w = gMdw () dirty
k + M + G + w = kMGw () comb
: bhuqI KMf nw Kwh[ = dMd hr
roz sw& kr[ = iksy nUM mMdw nw bol[
=

61
: it~pI ( M) vwly iqMn A~Kry Sbd
A+ M+d+r = AMdr undaar
+ + + = (inside)
j+ M+g+l = jMgl junkle
+ + + = (forest)
b + M + g + l + w = bMglw banglah
+ + + + = (bangalow)
k+ M+m+b+l = kMbl () blanket
j+ M+g+w+l = jMgwl () rusty
z+ M+j+I+r = zMjIr () chain
l+ M+g+r = lMgr () free kitchen
: zMgwl sw& kr[ = ieh bMglw
bhuq purwxw hY[ = gurU ky lMgr dI
syvw kr [ =

: it~pI ( M ) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd

A+h+ M+k+w+r = AhMkwr aahang-kaar
+ + + + + = (arrogance)
i + n + r + M + k + w + r = inrMkwr nirangkar
+ + + + + = (God, the formless one)
s+i+q+s+M+g = siqsMg satsang
+ + + + + = (congregation)
d+s+ M+b+r = dsMbr () December
h + y + m + k + u + M + t = hymkuMt - Hemkund
s+m+ u+ M+d+r = smuMdr () ocean
: Apxy gux vyK ky AhMkwr nw kr[
=
smuMdr dw pwxI Kwrw hY[ =
mUMgPlI Kw ky pwxI nw pI[ =
inrMkwr nUM sdw Xwd kr[ =

62
12. ibMdI The n sound
Bindee
:
: -
: -
m lamp n in candy
: W o O I y Y
: u U i
a e
muhwrnI () : AwN sW hW kW KW gW GW |W cW CW jW JW \W tW TW fW FW xW
qW QW dW DW nW pW PW bW BW mW XW rW lW vW VW SW ^W &W ZW zW LW

: ibMdI ( W ) vwly do A~Kry Sbd

b+W+h = bWh baanh
+ - + = (arm)
m + IN + h = mINh meehee
+ - + = (rain)
k + YN + c + I = kYNcI kaanchi
+ - + + = (scissors)
k + W = kW () kaan = crow , g + W = gW () gaan = cow ,
b+W+s = bWs () bamboo
g + yN + d = gyNd () ball

d + h + IN = dhIN () yogert

p + IN + G = pING () swing

s+o+n+w = sonw () gold

: bWh nw ihlw[ = kW iek clwk pMCI

hY[ = kYNcI nwl cIzW kt ky ^rwb nw kr
[ =
:

63
: ibMdI ( W ) vwly iqMn A~Kry Sbd
b+ W+d+r = bWdr baandar
+ - + + = (monkey)
j+b+w+n = jbwn jabaan
+ + - + = ( language, promise)
n + IN + d + r = nINdr neendar
+ - + + = ( sleepy)
d+ u+n+I+A+W = dunIAW () earth
k+ u+V+I+A+W = kuVIAW () girls, ladies
i+g+A+w+r+W = igAwrW () eleven
A+T+w+r+W = ATwrW () eighteen

: mYnUM nINdr AweI hY [ =

iekWq ivc bYT ky nwm jp[ =
prsoN pihlI qrIk hY [ =
: ibMdI ( W ) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd
j + m + WM + d + w + r = jmWdwr jamahdar
++- +++ = (sweeper)
p+r+C+w+v+W = prCwvW parshavaahn
+++++ = (sweeper)
p + c + WM + n + v + yN = pcwnvyN pachanvehn
++- +++- = (fifty five)
d+ u+n+I+A+W = dunIAW () earth
m+h+W+b+l+I = mhWblI () very brave
s + M + g + r + W + d =sMgrWd () beginning new month
f+w+v+W+f+ o+l = fwvWfol () unsteady
: kuVIAW pIGW JUtdIAW hn[ =
iek swl ivc bwrW sMgrWdW AwauNdIAW hn[
= bhuqI grIbI vyK ky fwvWfol nw ho[
=

64
12. A~Dk The aa sound
Addhak

:
: -
: -

:- k+ ~ +p = k~p () capp (cup)
A+ ~ +g = A~g ( ) agg (fire)
:
:
: A~Dk ( ~ ) vwly do A~Kry Sbd
A+~+K = A~K akk
+ + = (eye)
h+~+Q = h~Q haath
+ + = (hand)
B + u+ ~ + K = Bu~K pook
+ + + = (hungry)
n + ~ + k = n~k () nose l + ~ + q = l~q () leg
i+c+~+t+w = ic~tw () white

m+~+C+I = m~CI () fish

r+~+s+I = r~sI () rope

d+ u+~+K = du~K () sorrow

i+m +~+T+w = im~Tw () sweet

: h~Q sw& kr[ = r~b sB dw mwlk

hY[ = r~sI nw iK~c, cu~k ky ilAw[
= Bu~K dw du~K bhuq fwFw huMdw hY [
=

65
: A~Dk( ~ )vwly iqMn A~Kry Sbd
A+~+K+r = A~Kr ugkaar
+ + + = (letter, syllable, alphabet)
i+m+~+q+r = im~qr mitar
+ + + + = ( freind, helper)
d+~+K+x = d~Kx dagkhan
+ + + = (south)
m+~+C+r = m~Cr () mosquito
K+~+d+r = K~dr () cotton
k + u+ ~ + k + V = ku~kV () chicken
p + u+ ~+ q + r = pu~qr () son
: m~Kx Kwh[ = im~qr nwl pyRm kr[
= b~icAW nUM cMgIAW AwdqW pwau [
=
: A~Dk( ~ ) vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd
p+i+v+~+q+r = piv~qr paavitar
+ + + + + = (pure,holy,clean,sacred)
i + m + ~ + q + r + q + w = im~qrqw mitartaa
++++++ = (freindship)
s + p + u+ ~ + q + r = spu~qr saputar
+ + + + + = (son)
s+r+b+~+q = srb~q () entire, whole
p + V + C + ~ + q + I = pVC~qI () mantel
A+T+~+q+r = AT~qr () seventyeight

: vwihgurU jI pwsoN srb~q dw Blw mMgo[

=
nwm jpx nwl mn qy bu~DI piv~qr ho jWdy hn[
=

66
 M
s
:- ( )
s ( N )
n (-) ( )
DuMD - fogginess dMd - teeth
KMf - sugar pMj - five
gMnw - sugarcane mMdw - bad
bMdw - person gMdw - dirty
mMdr - temple AMdr - inside
sMswr - world zMzIr - chain
smuMdr - ocean BgvMq - God
BWfw - utensil SWqI - peace
nINdr - sleepy bWdr - monkey

( M ) ( N )
m (-)
( ) :-
AMb - mango KMB - bird wing
lMbw - length kMbl - blanket
dsMbr - December sMpUrn - completed
lYNp - lamp sYNpl - sample

( M ) ( N )
| (-)
( ) :-
ihMg - asatoetida cMgw - goodness
gMgw - Ganges river kMGw - hair comb
AMgUr - grapes lMgUr - monkey
lMgr - Sikh free kitchen jMgl - forest
rYNk - position bYNk - bank
AONkV - Ongar auNgl - finger

67
 du~q A~Kr ( Double Sounded Letters - Co joints )
2

3 h, r v pVHnW,
pRgt, VH pR

A~Kr h icMnH H
pVHnW = AwlHxw = imlH =
Chhota Haaha HThis symbol literally mean short h
and it is used a add a partial h sound (emphasis) in some words e.g. whale is writ-

ten as vyHl and h a is sound softly.

:
A~Kr h icMnH ( ) pYrW ivc A~Dy hwhy vwly do A~Kry Sbd

p+V+H = pVH parh

+ + = (read)
k+w+V+H = kwVH kaarh
+ + + = (boil)
c + u+ ~ + l + H + w = cu~lwH chul lah
+ + + + + = (oven)
j+g+ H+w = jgHw () place, area
p + o + l + H + w = polHw ( ) soft, tender
j + y+ l + H = jylH ( ) prison, jail
k + U + V + w + H = kUVHw ( ) rubbish, garbage
: cMgI qrHW pVH[ = cu~lyH ivc A~g
bwl[ = jgHw cMgI qrHW sw& kirAw kr[
= klH bhuq DuMd sI[
=

68
:
A~Kr h icMnH ( ) pYrW ivc A~Dy hwhy vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd
c+V+H+w+e+I = cVwHeI chara-ee
+ + + + + = (upwards)
m + u+ V + H + k + w = muVHkw mur-kaa
+ + + + + = (sweat)
a + u+ l + H + w + m + w = aulHwmw - ulah-maa
+ + + + + = - (complaint)
A + n + y + H + r + I = AnyHrI - () storm
q + y + r + H + v + W = qyrHvW () thirteenth
: iksy vI pMCI dy AwlHxy nUM nw Pol[
=
hryk mnu~K nUM ividAw zrUr pVHnI cwhIdI hY [
=

:
A~Kr h icMnH ( ) pYrW ivc A~Dy hwhy vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd
A+n+p+V+H = AnpVH un parh
+ + + + = (uneducated)
A + M + n + y + H + v + w + h = AMnyHvwh - uneh wah
+ + + + + + + =
(recklessly)
A + T + w + r + H + v + IN = ATwrHvIN athar vee
+ + + + + + = (eighteenth)
c+M+f+I+g+V+ H = cMfIgVH ()

: cMgI qrHW pVH[ =

cu~lyH ivc A~g bwl[ = jgHw cMgI qrHW
sw& kirAw kr[ =
klH bhuq DuMd sI[ =

69
 A~Kr r icMnH R
kRm = pyRm = poR&Ysr =
Chhota Raara R
This symbol literally means short

r sound in some word e.g. Chirstmas is written as ikRsms and the r is

sound briefly.

:
A~Kr r icMnH ( ) pYrW ivc A~Dy rwry vwly do A~Kry Sbd
B+ R+m = BRm parum
+ + = , (anxiety, misgiving,delusion)
i+k+ R+p+w = ikRpw kripa
+ + + + = ( mercy, compassion)
p+ y+ R+m = pyRm prem
+ + + = (love, affection)
g+ M+ R+Q+I = gMRQI granthi ( preecher)

i+m+q+ R = imqR mitar (freind)

k+ o+ R+D = koRD ka-roth (anger)

: cMgI qrHW pVH[ =

cu~lyH ivc A~g bwl[ =
jgHw cMgI qrHW sw& kirAw kr[ =

klH bhuq DuMd sI[ =

70
:
A~Kr r icMnH ( ) pYrW ivc A~Dy rwry vwly iqn A~Kry Sbd
p+ R+D+w+n = pRDwn pradhaan
+ + + + = (chairman, president)
p+ R+v+w+r = pRvwr parvaar
+ + + + = (family)
A + M + i + m + R + q = AMimRq umraat
+ + + + + = (amrit)
p + i + v + ~ + q + R = piv~qR pure
p + R+ c + w + r = pRcwr preaching
: ismrn krn nwl jIv scKMf ivc pRvwn huMdw hY[
= cMdRmw
pMdrW idn vDdw qy pMdrW idn Gtdw hY[
=

:
A~Kr r icMnH ( ) pYrW ivc A~Dy rwry vwly cwr A~Kry Sbd
p + R + m + w +q + m + w = pRmwqmw pramatmaa
+ + + + + + = (God)
p+ R+c+w+r+k = pRcwrk pracharak
+ + + + + = (preacher)
p + o + R + g + r + w + m = poRgrwm prograam
+ + + + + + = (programm)
i + p + M + R + s + I +p + l = ipMRsIpl principal
+ + + + + + + =

: lwpRvwhI nwl kMm nw kr[

=
guurU jI ny gRihsq AwSrm swirAW qoN syRSt d~isAw hY [

=
71
 A~Kr v
icMn v
sYvmwn = sYvjIvnI =
Chhota Vavva This symbol literally means
v
short v sound in some words e.g. Svarg ( heaven) is written as srg =
v
and the v is sounded briefly.
: v \

: 16 10
6

aucwrx bdlx vwly Cy icMnH The six
sound modifiers
1. Adhaa Haaha H
2. Adhaa Raara R
3. Adhaa Vavva
v
4. Addhak ~
Lilly il~lI
l
Lily

5. Tippi M

Limp ilMp

6. Bindi N

Candy kYNfI

72
 :-
1.) a qy e mukqw rUp iv~c nhIN vrqy jw skdy [
a e () w
2.) a nwl kyvl iqMn lgW lgdIAW hn[ a
2.1 - AONkV ( u ) aus, auh, au~pr
2.2 - dulYNkV ( U ) aUT, jwaU, AwaU
2.3 - hoVw ( o ) gwE, jwE, AwE
3.) A nwl kyvl cwr lgW lgdIAW hn[ A
3.1 - mukqw () Akl, Asl, AxK
2.2 - kMnw ( w ) Awtw, AwlU, Awsrw
2.3 - dulWvW ( Y ) AYnk, AYsw, AYQy
2.4 - knOVw ( O ) AOKw, AOrq, AOgux
3.) e nwl kyvl iqMn lgW lgdIAW hn[ e
2.1 - ishwrI ( i ) iek, ies, iekwgr
2.2 - bIhwrI ( I ) qweI, mweI, eIrKw
2.3 - lWv ( y ) eykqw, eyQy, bxwey
3
( 12-14)
1.
6
1. kMnw w 2. bIhwrI I 3. lWv y
4. dulwvW Y 5. hoVw o 6. knOVw O
2. 4
1. mukqw - 2. ishwrI i 3. AONkV u
4. dulYNkV U
3. 3

1. mukqw - 2. ishwrI i 3. AONkV u

73
 igxqI (Counting)
1. igxqI dw mu~K AMk - Numerals-Cardinals

1 2 3 4 5
iek (ik) 1 do (doh) 2 iqMn (ten) 3 cwr (chaar) 4 pMj (punj) 5

6 7 8 9
8 10
Cy (chhe) 6 s~q (satt) 7 A~T (atth) 8 nON (naun) 9 ds (dus) 10

: ()

11 igAwrW 12 bwrW 13 qyrW 14 cOdW 15 pMdrW

gia-araan baa-raan teraan chaudaan pan-draan

16 solW 17 sqwrW 18 ATwrW 19 au~nI 20 vIh

solaan sa-taaraan a-thaaraah un-nee veeh

21 ie~kI 22 bweI 23 qyeI 24 cOvI 25 pMjI

ikky baa-ee ta-yee chau-vy panch-chy

26 C~bI 27 sqweI 28 ATweI 29 aun~qI 30 qIh

chhab-bee s-ataaee a-thaaee u-natty teeh

74
 31 ie~kqI 32 b~qI 33 qyqI 34 cONqI 35 pYNqI

ikatty batty tety chaunty paainty

36 C~qI 37 sYNqI 38 AT~qI 39 auxqwlI 40 cwlI

chatty sain-ty athat-ty untaaly chaaly

41 iekqwlI 42 bqwlI 43 qrqwlI 44 cuqwlI 45 pMqwlI

iktaaly bataaly tartaaly chautaaly panjtaaly

46 iCAwlI 47 sMqwlI 48 ATqwlI 49 auxMjw 50 pMjwh

chhataaly santaaly athtaaly unanja panjaah

51 iekvMjw 52 bvMjw 53 iqRvMjw 54 curMjw 55 pcvMjw

ikvanja bavanja tirvanja churanja pachvanja

56 CpMjw 57 sqvMjw 58 ATvMjw 59 auxwhT 60 s~T

chhapanja satvanja athvanja unaahath satth

61 iekwhT 62 bwhT 63 qyRhT 64 cOhT 65 pYNhT

ikaahath baahath trehath chaunhath painhth

66 iCAwhT 67 sqwhT 68 ATwhT 69 auxH~qr 70 s~qr

chhiaahth sataahath athaahath unhattar sattar

71 iekh~qr 72 bh~qr 73 iqh~qr 74 cuh~qr75 pMJqr

ik-hattar bahattar tihattar chuhattar panjhattar

75
 76 iCh~qr 77 sq~qr 78 AT~qr 79 auxwsI 80 A~sI

chhi-hattar satat-tar athat-tar unaasee assee

81 iekwsI 82 ibAwsI 83 qrwsI 84 curwsI 85 pcwsI

ikaasy bee-aasy tee-raansy chaurasy pan-jaasy

86 iCAwsI 87 sqwsI 88 ATwsI 89 auxwnvyN 90 n~by

chhi-aasy sa-ttaasy a-thaasy u-naanven nab-beh

91 iekwnvyN 92 bwnvyN 93 qrwnvyN 94 curwnvyN 95 pcwnvyN

ikaanveh-n baan-veh-n te-raan-vehn chau-raan-vehn panchaan-vehn

96 iCAwnvyN 97 sqwnvyN 98 ATwnvyN 99 niVHnvyN 100 sO

chiaan-vehn sattaan-vehn atthaan-vehn narhinn-vehn sau

1,OOO ie~k hzwr one thousand

1O,OOO d~s hzwr ten thousand
1,OO,OOO ie~k l~K one hundred thousand
1O,OO,OOO d~s l~K one million
1O,OOO,OOO ie~k kroV ten million
2,52,436 do l~K bvMjw hzwr cwr sO C~qI

()
252,436 Two hundred fifty two thousand and four hundred thirty six
()

ie~k drjn (bwrHW) ( )

() One dozen (twelve)

76
 2. kRm sUck (Ordinals) :-

pihlw - first dUjw - second

qIjw - third cOQw - fourth
pMjvW - fifth CyvW - sixth
sqvW - seventh ATvW - eighth
nOvW - ninth dsvW - tenth
sOvW - hundredth : ()
hzwrvW - thousandth
- vW - Aw
- vW

bwrWH bwrHvW - 12th - twelfth

bvMjw bvMjvW - 52th - fifty-second

3. smUhk igxqI (Aggregatives) :-

ie~ko only one , dovyN both,

iqMny all the three,
pMjW dy pMj -
five out of five i.e. all the five
ie~k dw ie~k
one of the one, sO dy sO all the hundred,
hzwr dy hzwr () all of the thousand,
dy dw - out of
dIAW A~TW dIAW A~T kuVIAW
all the eight girls.
cwlI muMfy sn, cwlI eI pws ho gey [
,

There were forty boys, the forty passed.

77
4. igxqI dw ih~sw (Fractionals) :-
1/8 = 1/8 1/4 = 1/4
A~TvW ih~sw pwau - cOQw ih~sw
-
one eighth
a quarter- one fourth

1/3 = 1/3 1/2 = 1/2

iek-iqhwrI - A~Dw -

one third one half

3/4 = 3/4 1= 1
iqMn-cuQweI - pUrw iek
-
three-fourths whole - full

2/3 = 2/3 = do-iqhwrI - two third

3 1/2 = 3 1/2 = swFy iqMn () - three and half
4 1/2 = 4 1/2 = swFy cwr () - four and half
swFy () - plus half

1 1/4 (1 1/4 ) svw (iek) () ()
2 1/4 (2 1/4 ) svw do
svw () - plus one quarter
1 3/4 (1 3/4 ) pOxy do

2 3/4 (2 3/4 ) pOxy iqMn

3 3/4 (3 3/4 ) pOxy cwr

pOxw () - less one-quarters

78
 1. aucweI
1
2. lMbweI
2
3. fUMGweI
4 3 4. cOVweI

1 2 3 4 5

1. 10% ds prsYNt
2. 20% vIh prsYNt
3. 50% pMjwh prsYNt
4. 80% A~sI prsYNt
5. 100% iek so prsYNt

L L
1/4 = pweIAw 1/2 = A~Dw -
2/3 = do iqhweI 3/4 = pOxw
1 = ie~k 1 1/4 = svw ie~k
1 1/2 = fyVH 1 3/4 = pOxy do -
2 = do 2 1/4 = svw do -
2 1/2 = FweI 2 3/4 = pOxy iqMn -
3 = iqMn 3 1/4 = svw iqMn -
3 1/2 = swFy iqMn 3 3/4 = pOxy cwr -

1 1/4 = svw 3/4 = pOxw 1/2 = swFy - A~Dw -
1/3 = iqhwrI 1 1/2 = fyFH 1 1/2 = FweI

79
 gixqk rUp (Mathematical Figure)

1 2 3

4 5

1. c~kr, gol - circle 2. cOrs (vrg) ()

square 3. iqkox triangle 4. cOkox

rectangle 5. AMfwkwr - ellipse - oval

1 2 3

4 5

1. Cy bwhI Awkwr cube 2. iqkonw

cone 3. vylxw cylinder 4. iq~KI vrgI vsqU
pyramid 5. golw sphere

1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 2.

3.
3. 2. 2.

1. dwierw 1.is~DI ryKw 1. KVHI ryKw 1. pwsy ryKw

circumference straight side
2. Gyrw radius 2. golweI perpendicular 2. tyFw ryKw
3. ivAws curved 2. AKSWS ryKw diagonal
diameter 3. nu~kr
parallel angle

80
 Sbd-boD - (Etymology)

Sbd-boD 8

swrQk SbdW dy pRkwr (Kinds of Meaningful words)

1. nwau (Noun) 2. pVnwau (Pronoun)

3. ivSySx (Adjective) 4. ikirAw (Verb)
5. ikirAw ivSySx (Adverb) 6. sMbMDk (Preposition)
7. Xojk (Conjunction) 8. ivsmk (Interjection)
:-
1. nwaNu (Noun)
5
(a) Awm nwau (Common Noun)
(A) Kws nwau (Proper Noun)
(e) iek~T vwck nwau (Collective Noun)
(s) vsqU vwck nwau (Material Noun)
(h) Bwv vwck nwau (Abstract Noun)
2. pVnwaNu (Pronoun)
6
(a) purK vwck pVnwauN (Personal Pronoun)

3
1. au~qm purK ( First Person)

2. m~Dm purK ( Second Person)

3. AnX purK ( Third Person)

(A) in~j vwck pVnwaNu (Reflexive Pronoun)

(e) sMbMD vwck pVnwaNu (Relative Pronoun)
(s) pRSn vwck pVnwauN (Interrogative Pronoun)
(h) inScy vwck pVnwauN (Demonstrative Pronoun)
(k) AinSicq pVnwaNu (Indefinite Pronoun)

81
3. ivSySx (Adjective)
5

(a) gux vwck ivSySx (Qualitative Adjective)

(A) sMiKAw vwck ivSySx (Numeral Adjective)
(e) pirmwx vwck ivSySx
(Quantative Adjective)
(s) inScy vwck ivSySx
(Demonstrative Adjective)
(h) pVnWvI ivSySx (Pronominal Adjective)

4. ikirAw (Verbs)
(Mood)
(Voice) (Tense) 2
(a) skrmk ikirAw (Transitive Verb)
(A) Akrmk ikirAw (Intransitive Verb)

5. ikirAw ivSySx (Adverbs)

8
(a) kwl vwck ikirAw ivSySx
(Adverbs of Time)
(A) sQwn vwck ikirAw ivSySx
(Adverbs of Place)
(e) pRkwr vwck ikirAw ivSySx
(Adverbs of Manners)
(s) imxqI vwck ikirAw ivSySx
(Adverbs of Quantity)
(h) sMiKAw vwck ikirAw ivSySx
(Adverbs of Frequency)
(k) inrnw vwck ikirAw ivSySx
(Adverbs of Affirmation)

82
(K) kwrn vwck ikirAw ivSySx
(Adverbs of Cause)
(g) qwkId vwck ikirAw ivSySx
(Adverbs of Emphasis)

6. sMbMDk (Preposition)

3
(a) pUrn sMbMDk (Complete Preposition)
(A) ApUrn sMbMDk (Incomplete Preposition)
(e) imSrq sMbMDk (Mixed Preposition)

7. Xojk (Conjunction)
2
(a) smwn Xojk (Co-ordinate Conjuntion)

(A) ADIn Xojk (Sub-ordinate Conjuntion)

smwn Xojk 4
(1) smu~cy smwn Xojk (Comulative Co-ordinate Conjuntion)
(2) ivk~lpI smwn Xojk (Alternative Co-ordinate Conjuntion)
(3) inKyDI smwn Xojk (Advernative Co-ordinate Conjuntion)
(4) kwrj boDk smwn Xojk (Illative Co-ordinate Conjuntion)
ADIn Xojk 7

(1) smwn AiDkrx (Apposition) -

(2) kwrn vwck (Cause or Reason) -
(3) Pl vwck (Effect) -
(4) mMqv vwck (Purpose) -
(5) Srq vwck (Condition) -
(6) ivroD vwck (Contrast) -
(7) qulnw vwck (Comparison) -

83
8. ivsmk (Interjection)
10
(1) sMbMDnI ivsmk (Addressing) -

(2) pRSMnqw vwck ivsmk (Gay) -

(3) Sok vwck ivsmk (Sorrowful) -

(4) hYrwnI vwck ivsmk (Wonderful) -

(5) iPtkwr vwck ivsmk (Abuses) -
(6) siqkwr vwck ivsmk (Respectful)-
(7) AsIs vwck ivsmk (Blessing) -

(8) ie~iCAw vwck ivsmk (Desires) -

(9) sUcnw vwck ivsmk (Information) -
(10) slwhuqw vwck ivsmk (Praiseful) -

SbdW dy rUpwqr ( Forms of Words )

(1) sMigAw
sMigAw
(2) ikirAw
ikirAw piVHAw -
KwDw pIqw
(3) AivAw
( ) AivAw
:- ikirAw ivSySx (Adverbs),
sMbMDk (Preposition), Xojk (Conjunction)
ivsmk (Interjection)

84

(a) mUl - Sbd
s~c (truth, reality) , JUT
(lie, falsehood), ipAwr (love, attachment)
(A) auqpn - Sbd
AxpVH
(uneducated), inrvYr (amiable, without
animosity) bdsUrq (unsightly , ugly ), AOguxhwrw

( sinful, without merit)

(e) smwsI - Sbd
hyrw-PyrI (deceit,
trickery, gimmick ), hrmn-ipAwrw ( lovely ), kMm-cor

(lazy, sluggish,idler )

nwauN (nWv) (Noun)

5
(a) Awm nwaNu (Common Noun)

1. muMfw Sihr c~ilAw hY[
2. kuVI skUl c~lI hY[
3. hwQI nhwauNdw hY[
4. dirAw iknwry bVI BIV hY[
muMfw, Sihr, kuVI, skUl, hwQI dirAw

85
 (A) Kws nwauN (Proper Noun)

1. AmndIp id~lI igAw hY[
2. kuVI mihfon XUnIvristI geI hY[

3. bYNkok dy myly iv~c bVI BIV sI[

4. aUT ryigsqwn dw jhwj hY[

AmndIp, id~lI, mihfon XUnIvristI, bYNkok,
aUT ryigsqwn
(e) iek~T vwck nwaNu (Collective Noun)

1. jmwq ividAwrQIAW nwl BrI hY[

2. ByfW dw ie~jV Aw irhw hYY[

3. POj ny iekdm hmlw kIqw sI[ -

4. myly iv~c bVI BIV sI[

jmwq, ie~jV, POj, myly,

(s) vsqU vwck nwauN (Material Noun)
iGau
Awtw cWdI sonw pwxI
(h) Bwv vwck nwaNu (Abstract Noun)

grmI
suK () im~Tw scweI

86
 nwauN dw rUpWqr
(Transformation of Noun)

3 ()
1 . ilMg krky (Gender)
( )
2. vcn krky (Number) -

3. kwrk krky jw kwrk rUp krky (Case)

()

ilMg (Gender)

2 puilMg (Masculine) iesqrI
ilMg (Feminine)
4 1. (Masculine Gender), 2. (Feminine Gender)
3. (Common Gender) 4. (Neuter Gender)

puilMg (Masculine) iesqrI ilMg (Feminine)

()
()

glws glwsI

87
 ilMg rUpW dy pCwx dy nym
(Rules to identify the Gender) :-
L 1. nWv krky pCwx

bkrw () GoVw ()
bkrI () GoVI ( )

L 2. pVnWv krky pCwx

w
puilMg
I iesqrI ilMg
ikhVw (anyone, anybody) ijhVw (who,which,
that) qyrw (yours,) myrw ( ) = puilMg

ikhVI ijhVI qyrI myrI

= iesqrI ilMg

L 3. ikirAw krky pCwx

w
puilMg I
iesqrI ilMg
cMdrmW cVHdw hY [ cMdrmW
w
cVHdw

Du~p inklI hY [ Du~p
inklI I
Du~p =

:

car
88
L 4. ivSySx krky pCwx
(Adjective)
w puilMg hrw
(green, fresh) , pIlw (yellow), ic~tw (white), PurqIlw
(quick , active)
puilMg

lwl vrdI
lwl
vrdI
lwl GoVw lwl drvwzw
puilMg

pMjwbI iv~c ilMg bdlx dy inXm

( Rules for the Change of Genders)

:- ()
.
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
kbUqr kbUqrI piegeon
ku~kV ku~kVI chicken

pu~qr pu~qrI son - daughter

qrKwx qrKwxI carpenter

dws dwsI servant

p~Qr p~QrI stone & in kidney
bWdr bWdrI monkey

bRwhmx bRwhmxI Brahman

89
 . xI
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
swD swDxI partner
Swh SwhxI landlord
sMq sMqxI priest,nun
srwP srwPxI jeweller,goldsmith
rwg rwgxI music,melody
vkIl vkIlxI lawer
kuVm kuVmxI father mother in law
Bgq BgqxI holyman,devotee
aUT aUTxI camel
s~p s~pxI snake

nwg nwgxI cobra

. nI
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
Syr SyrnI tiger- tigerin

PkIr PkIrnI fakir, sadhu

syvwdwr syvwdwrnI servant
jwdUgr jwdUgrnI magician
mor mornI peacock

cor cornI thief

. w
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
AiDAwpk AiDAwpkw teacher
syvk syvkw - - servant,student
lyKk lyKkw writer
sMpwdk sMpwdkw editor
pwTk pwTkw scholar

90
 . w xI

puilMg iesqrI ilMg

jyT jyTwxI brother in law
nOkr () nOkrwxI - ()servant
syT syTwxI wealthy person
pMfq pMfqwxI brahmin, scholar
mwstr mwstrwxI teacher
fwktr fwktrwxI doctor
. VI kI

puilMg iesqrI ilMg

sUq sUqVI cotton yarn

Fol FolkI drum

KMB KMBVI wing,feather

cMm cMmVI leather,skin,hide

bwl bwlVI young one
:-

. I
cwcw - cwcI - uncle-aunty

mwmw - mwmI -

motw - motI - fat person

ic~tw - ic~tI - white color

dwdw dwdI grand father-mother
GoVw GoVI horse

BYVw - BYVI - bad, evil

91
 pVnwvW

puilMg iesqrI ilMg
qyrw - qyrI - your
myrw - myrI - mine

ikhVw - ikhVI - anyone, anybody

ijhVw ijhVI who,which,what
auhdw () auhdI () his,her,its

ausdw () ausdI () his,her,its

iesdw - iesdI - this belong to

quhwfw () quhwfI your (politly)

ikirAw
su~qw () su~qI () sleeping
ilKxw ilKxI writing

bxnw bxnI to be, become

ausrnw ausrnI to be construct

ivSySx
kwlw () kwlI () black

ic~tw ic~tI white

nIlw nIlI blue

pIlw pIlI yellow

hrw hrI green

s~cw s~cI truth

burw burI bad , evil

puilMg iesqrI ilMg

92
 :-
( I Aqy Aw ) n x

puilMg iesqrI ilMg
pUrbIAw
pUrbx
AMimRqsrIAw AMimRqsrn
kSmIrIAw kSmIrn
pSOrIAw () pSOrn

- - -
:- ( I )
x iex n nI
x xI

. I x
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
igAwnI - igAwnx - scholar, learned
pMjwbI - pMjwbx - Punjabi
DobI Dobx piegeo

guAWFI - guAWFx - neighbour

drjI - drjx - tailor

. I iex
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
ispwhI spwiex police man-woman
hlvweI hlvwiex confectioner
cODrI - cODrwiex - headman

93
. I n nI

puilMg iesqrI ilMg
iKfwrI iKfwrn game player
juAwrI - juAwrn - gambler
iSkwrI iSkwrn hunter
ilKwrI ilKwrn writer
SihrI - Sihrn city people
pqI pqnI husband-wife
hwQI hQnI elephant

. I xI AwxI

puilMg iesqrI ilMg
Twkur TwkurwxI headman chief
dyvr dyvrwxI
KqrI - KqrwxI - warrior caste
pyNfU pyNfUAwxI villager

:-
:-
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
purK iesqrI man-lady
ipau mW father-mother
muMfw kuVI boy-girl

jvweI DI son in law-daugther

94
 puilMg iesqrI ilMg
dyvqw dyvI god, angle

shurw - () s~s () father & mother in law

im~qr shylI boy & girl freind
Brw - BYx - brother & sister
BUq BUqnI ghost, demon
Ksm rMn husband-wife
vr kMinAw prospective husband-wife
nvwb bygm noble person-lady
pwqSwh mlkw king-queen
swihb mym master, Lord-lady

:-

:-
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
g~fw g~fI
bwltw bwltI
hQOVw hQOVI
phwV phwVI
pqIlw pqIlI
gu~fw gu~fI
q~kV q~kVI

:-
:-
s puilMg Sbd : : sUrj = iGE =
qyl = du~D = BUcwl =
mINh = () AwkwS = lohw =
sonw = hMkwr = kroD =
nrk = svrg =
95
s iesqrI ilMg : : A~g = ie~t =
SWqI = hvw = () kMD = ryq =
A~g = ru~q = CW = grmI =
POj - = cWdI = pOx = cwh =
imTws = DrqI = Du~p =
juAwnI = jIB =

:-

:-
puilMg iesqrI ilMg
v~l :-
v~l - jwc - v~l - vyl -
, qrIkw -
FMg -
m~q :-
m~q - Drm - m~q - Akl -
pMQ - ,
sUJ - ,
v~t :-
v~t -r~sy jW r~sI dw v~t v~t - pYlI dI v~t
- -

96



()
rwjw Awpxy dwsW qy im~qrW nwl kudrqI idRS dyKx igAw[

rwxI AwpxIAW dwsIAW qy shylIAW nwl kudrqI idRS dyKx geI[



Awpxy - dwsW - im~qrW -
AwpxIAW - dwsIAW - shylIAW -
igAw[ = - geI[ = -

drjI nUM ie~k kuVqw, do pjwmy iqMn k~Cy isaux leI id~qy[

drjn nUM ie~k kuVqI, do pjwmIAW iqMn k~CIAW isaux leI id~qIAW[

()

()
() ()
drjI = drjn =
kuVqw () - kuVqI () -
pjwmy () - pjwmIAW () -
k~Cy () - k~CIAW () -
id~qy = -
id~qIAW = -
( )

97
 vcn - (Number)
vcn dIAW iksmW Kinds of Number :-

vcn
number ie~k vcn Singular

Number bhu-vcn Plural Number

} 1. ie~k vcn :-

ie~k vcn myrw = ()

mYN = () ku~qw = () GoVw = ()

} 2. bhu-vcn :-

bhu - vcn myry = ()

AsI = () ku~qy = () GoVy = ()

vcn-SbdW dy ilMg bdlI sMbMDI inXm -

( Rules for the Change of Number)

:-
hwQI =
mor = cor = :-
mor pYl pw irhw hY =
iek vcn -
mor pYl pw rhy hn =
bhu vcn -
mor ()

keI = swry = s~q =
keI cor =
swry mor =
s~q hwQI =

98
 :- puilMg
:-
iek vcn bhuvcn
rwjw rwjy raja, king
qoqw qoqy parrot
Koqw () Koqy donkey
pYsw pYsy money,wealth
in~kw in~ky small, tiny
qyrw qyry yours
v~fw v~fy big, large
cylw cyly - servant
Kotw Koty intimation
ikhVw ikhVy which one
BYVw BYVy bad, evil
Brw = -
Awqmw = ipqw = - srIr =

:- puilMg iesqrI ilMg

(-)
:- ( )
W
iesqrI ilMg :-
iek vcn bhuvcn
pusqk pusqkW - book
boql boqlW - bottle
bwh bwhW/bwhvW / arm

l~q l~qW leg

dvwq dvwqW medicine

gyNd gyNdW ball

m~q m~qW idea

99
 puilMg :-
iek vcn bhuvcn
su~K su~KW happyness
du~K du~KW sorrow,suffering
zulm julmW tyranny, brutality
ru~K ru~KW tree
lyK lyKW article
vwk vwkW utterance,speech,oral

:- iesqrI ilMg
w vW eI
:- ( vW )
iek vcn bhuvcn
kivqw kivqwvW -
kQw kQwvW sermon,tale
ikirAw ikirAwvW
blw blwvW / blweI evil,demon
hvw hvwvW / hvweI
:- iesqrI ilMg
I u U Y
o AW :-
( AW )
5.1 ibhwrI nwl AW lgw ky
iek vcn bhuvcn
myrI () myrIAW () mine
qyrI () qyrIAW () yours
ijhVI () ijhVIAW () which
cwcI () cwcIAW () aunty

100
 iek vcn bhuvcn
ikhVI () ikhVIAW () which
kOlI () kOlIAW () small bowl
dwdI () dwdIAW ()grand mother
cMgI () cMgIAW () good thing
5.2 AOkV nwl AW lgw ky
iek vcn bhuvcn
shuM () shuMAW () oath
ivhu () ivhuAW () poison,venom
5.3 dulYNkV nwl AW lgw ky
iek vcn bhuvcn
AwlU () AwlUAW () potato
kcwlU () kcwlUAW ()
gurU () gurUAW () guru
bhU () bhUAW ()daugther inlaw
vsqU () vsqUAW () article
cwkU () cwkUAW () knife
f~fU () f~fUAW () frog,toad
5.4 dulwvW nwl AW lgw ky
iek vcn bhuvcn
kY () kYAW () vomit,puke
lY () lYAW () melody, tune
SY () SYAW () object, thing
5.5 hoVw Aqy knOVw nwl AW lgw ky
iek vcn bhuvcn
KuSbo ( KuSboAW () vomit
BoN () BoNAW () whirl,spin
rON () rONAW () mood,

101
 :- iesqrI ilMg
( ) ( ) AW vW
:- ( )
iek vcn bhuvcn
mW () mwvW - () mother
CW - () CwvW - () sun shade
gW () gwvW - () cow
srW srwvW - () inn,tavern
jUM () jUMAW - () louse
rUM () rUMAW - () cotton,wool

:
:- shury = () mwpy
= - () nwnky = pyky
= () lok =
()

shury
nwnky ()
shury ()


:-
ipMRsIpl swihb jw rhy hn[
rhy ipMRsIpl jw irhw hY [
swfy pRDwn mMqrI hurI kSmIr jw rhy hn[

102

:-
iek vcn bhuvcn

m~J Kyq iv~c cr rhI hY[ m~JW KyqW iv~c cr rhIAW hn[



4 m~J - m~JW -
Kyq - KyqW -
rhI - rhIAW -
hY - hn -

mocI ny ju~qI bxweI [ mocIAW ny ju~qIAW bxweIAW [

()
3
mocI - mocIAW -
ju~qI - ju~qIAW -
bxweI - bxweIAW -

myrI ikqwb AlmwrI iv~c hY[ myrIAW ikqwbW AlmwrIAW iv~c hn[

() ()()
3
myrI - myrIAW -
ikqwb - ikqwbW -
AlmwrI - AlmwrIAW -
iv~c =

103

:-
puilMg iesqrI ilMg

b~cy kmirAW iv~c Awey[ b~cIAW kmirAW iv~c AweIAW[

b~cy - b~cIAW -
Awey - AweIAW -
muMfw AwpxI BYx nwl Kyf irhw hY[ kuVI Awpxy Brw nwl Kyf rhI hY[

- -
Kyf =
irhw = rhI =

( BYx = Brw = )
muMfw kuVI
AwpxI - - Awpxy - -
BYx - Brw -
irhw - rhI -

myrw Brw kwlj pVHdw hY[ myrI BYx kwlj pVHdI hY[



myrw = - myrI = -
Brw = - BYx = -
pVHdw = - pVHdI = -

104
 kwrk - (Case)

() kwrk-icMn
:- 1. krqw kwrk (Nominative Case) 2. krm
kwrk (Objective Case) 3. krx kwrk (Instrumental Case) 4.
sMprdwn kwrk (Dative Case) 5. Apwdwn kwrk
(Ablative Case) 6. sMbMD kwrk (Possessive Case) 7. AiDkrx kwrk

(Locative Case) 8. sMboDn kwrk (Vocative Case)

1. krqw kwrk = ()
(Nominative Case) :-

krqw kwrk :
suirMdr sYr krdw hY [ =
aus ny sYr kIqI [ =
- -
2. krm kwrk = () (Objective Case) :-
krm kwrk
: suKdyv ny cwh pIqI [ =
cwh
suirMdr ny surjIq nUM pwxI iplwieAw[ =
pwxI
3. krx kwrk = () (Instrumental Case) :-

krx kwrk : ispwhI ny cor nUM fMfy nwl
mwirAw [ =
suirMdr ny suKdyv nUM gurjIq h~Q ikqwb ByjI[
=
fMfy nwl = gurjIq h~Q =
(Instrumental )
105
 4. sMprdwn kwrk = () (Dative Case) :-

sMprdwn kwrk : is~KW ny dyS leI bhuq kurbwnIAW kIqIAW[
=
ipqw jI vwsqy rotI iqAwr kro[ =
leI = vwsqy =
(Dative)
5. Apwdwn kwrk = () (Ablative Case) :-
Apwdwn
kwrk : suirMdr jlMDroN AwieAw hY [ =
mohn pwsoN cwbIAW lY lYxw [
=
-jlMDro -mohn pwsoN
6. sMbMD kwrk = (Possessive Case) :-

sMbMD kwrk :
ieh myrI C~qrI hY [ =
ieh suirMdr dI ikqwb hY [ =
-
- dw, dy, dI, dIAW
7. AiDkrx kwrk = () ( Locative Case) :-

AiDkrx kwrk :
glws myz au~pr ipAw hY [ =
ies im~tI iv~c sonw hY [ =
- -

106
 8. sMboDn kwrk = (Vocative Case) :-
sMboDn
kwrk : Eey muMifAw ! ik~Qy jw irhw eyN ? ! ? =
! ? nI kuVIey ! eyQy kI krdI hY ? !
? = ! ?
- -
- Kind of Case -
- Forms of Case - kwrk-rUp-swDn 3 :-
1. swDwrn rUp = (Simple Form) :-

suirMdr ikqwb pVHdw hY[ =
2. sMbMDI rUp = (Preposition Form) :-
mwstr jI ny muMfy nUM sotI nwl mwirAw [
=
3. sMboDn rUp = (Adressing Form) :-
Eey muMifE ! ! =
nI kuVIey ! ! = !
kuVI() - GoVw() -
1. iesqrI ilMg - kuVI -
kwrk rUp iekvcn bhuvcn
swDwrn kuVI kuVIAW
sMbMDkI kuVI ny kuVIAW ny
sMboDnI nI kuVIey nI kuVIE
2. puilMg - muMfw -
swDwrn muMfw muMfy
sMbMDkI muMfy ny muMifAW ny
sMboDnI Eey muMifAw Eey muMifE

107
3. iesqrI ilMg - GoVI -
kwrk rUp iekvcn bhuvcn
swDwrn GoVI GoVIAW
sMbMDkI GoVI ny GoVIAW ny
sMboDnI GoVIey GoVIE ! !
4. puilMg - GoVw -
swDwrn GoVw GoVy
sMbMDkI GoVy ny GoiVAW ny
sMboDnI GoiVAw GoiVE

pVnwauN (Pronoun)

pVnwauN (Pronoun)
6
(1.) purK vwck pVnwauN (Personal Pronoun)

()
3
1. au~qm purK ( First Person) -

mYN = AsI = mYnUM =

mYQo = myrw = swfw =
2. m~Dm purK ( Second Person) -
qUM = qYnUM =
qyrw = qusI = quhwfw =
quhwQo = quhwnUM =
AnX purK ( Third Person) -
3.

auh = aunWH =
ienWH = aus =

108
 iehnW purK vwck-pVnwvW dw v~K - v~K kwrkW iv~c rUp ies pRkwr
huMdy hn[
(pihlw purK) (dUjw purK) (qIjw purK)
(kwrk)
mYN AsIN qUM qusIN auh -
() - - -
mYnUM swnUM qYnUM quhwnUM aus nUM auhnW nUM
()
mYQoN swQoN qYQoN quhwQoN aus qoN auhnW qoN
()
mYnUM swnUM qYnUM qyry leI aus nUM auhnW nUM
()

myry leI - quhwnUM quhwfy leI - -

mYQoN swQoN qYQoN quhwQoN aus qoN -
myry koloN swfy koloN qyry koloN quhwfy koloN aus koloN -

myyrw swfw qyrw quhwfw aus dw auhnW dw

myry swfy qyry quhwfy - -

() myrI swfI qyrI quhwfI aus dI auhnW dI
myrIAW swfIAW qyrIAW quhwfIAW aus dIAW auhnW dIAW
myirAW swifAw qyirAW quhwifAW aus idAW auhnW idAW
myry au~qy swfy au~qy qyry au~qy quhwfy au~qy aus au~qy auhnW au~qy

myry iv~c swfy iv~c qyry iv~c quhwfy iv~c aus iv~c auhnW iv~c

myry kol swfy kol qyry kol quhwfy kol aus kol auhnW kol
()
myry lwgy swfy lwgy qyry lwgy quhwfy lwgy aus lwgy auhnW lwgy

109
 : :-
(1.) Awp =
Awp jI lwl bhwdr SwsqrI
Bwrq dy pRDwn mMqrI sn [ Awp hrmn ipAwry nyqw sn[

(2.)
mYN = AsIN = qusIN =
auh =
(2.) in~j vwck pVnwaNu - (Reflexive Pronoun)
- this, these, that, one, :-
mYN Awp ausnUM pVwHvWgw[ = ( )
, muMfy Awps iv~c JgVdy rihMdy hn[
=
L Awp
:-

mYN Awp ausnUM pVwvWgw [ - = ( )

( ) -
AsIN Awp ausnUM pVHwvWgy [ - = ()
() -

qUM Awp pVHIN [ = ()

( ) -
qusIN Awp pVHIE [ = ()
( ) -

auh Awp pVHygw [ = ()

() -

auh Awp pVHngy [ = ()

( ) -

110
(3.) sMbMD vwck pVnwaNu (Relative Pronoun)

:- jo = ijhVw = so =
auh = - Who, whom, whose, which, where,
what, why and that.

ijhVw bolygw auhI kuMfw KolyHgw[

= ,
ijhVy Awps iv~c rl iml ky rihMdy hn, hmySW su~KI rihMdy hn[
,
=
jo krygw so Brygw =
(4.) pRSn vwck pVnwauN (Interrogtive Pronoun)

kOx = iks dI = ikhVw = iks ny =
- Who, whom, which, what , whose.
iKfOxw iks ny qoiVAw hY ? - ? =
kOx Sor kr irhw hY ? =

(5.) inScy vwck pVnwauN (Demonstrative Pronoun)

kOx = iks dI = ikhVw = iks ny =
- Who, whom, which, what , whose.
iKfOxw iks ny qoiVAw hY ? - ? =
kOx Sor kr irhw hY ? =

(6.) AinScy vwck pVnwaNu (Indefinite Pronoun)

swry = ku~J = keI - =
sB = - some, any, someone,
anybody, few, everybody, others.

111
 swry Kyfdy hn, ku~J nhIN vI Kyfdy [
=
fwkKwny ivc keI AwauNdy hn [
=
sB ny lyKw qW dyxw hY [ =
hmySW srb~q dw Blw mMgo[ =

pVnwauAW dI kwrk-rUp-swDnw --
(Table of Pronouns Declension) :-

(a) purKvwck pVnwaNu (A)

pRSnvwck pVnwauN (e) sMbMDvwck pVnwauN :-

(a) purKvwck pVnwaNu dI kwrk-rUp-swDnw -

1. au~qm purK ( First Person) ( mYN = - )

kwrk-rUp iekvcn bhuvcn
swDwrn-rUp mYN = AsIN =
sMbMDkI-rUp myrw myry mYQoN myirAW mYnUM swnUM swfw swfIAW swfI swfy
() = =

2. m~Dm purK ( Second Person) ( qMU = - )

swDwrn-rUp qUM = qusIN =
sMbMDkI-rUp qyrI qyry qYQON qyrIAW qYnUM quhwnUM quhwfIAW quhwfw quhwfy
() = =

3. AnX purK ( Third Person) ( auh = )

swDwrn-rUp auh (AOh) = auh (auh) =
sMbMDkI-rUp aus nUM AOh nUM aunHW nUM
() = () = ()
sMimlq sMbMDkI rUp aun (ausny) aunHIN (aunHW ny)
= () =

112
 kwrk-rUp iekvcn bhuvcn

(A)sMbMD-vwck pVnwaNu dI kwrk-rUp-swDnw -

swDwrx-rUp jo = () jo = ()

s s s s s s

s s s s s s
sMbMDkI-rUp ijs nUM ijnHW nUM
= () = ()
sMimlq-rUp ijn (ijsny) ijnHIN (ijnHW ny)
= (-) = ( - )

(e) pRSnvwck pVnwaNu dI kwrk-rUp-swDnw -

s s s s s
s s s s s

swDwrx-rUp kOx = kOx =

sMbMDkI-rUp iksnUM = () iknHW nUM =
sMimlq-rUp ikn(iksnUM) = () iknHIN (iknHW ny)

ivSySx (Adjective)
ivSySx (Adjective)

Awm vwk ivSyS vwk
(a) rwm lVkw hY[ (a) rwm motw lVkw hY[
sssssssssssssssssssssss

sssssssssssssssssssssss
sssssssssssssssssssssss

(A) rIqw kuVI hY[ (A) rIqw suhxI kuVI hY[

(e) dr~Kq Q~ly b~cy bYTy hn[ (e) dr~Kq Q~ly ds b~cy bYTy hn[[


(s) b~cw kI krdw hY[ (s) AOh b~cw kI krdw hY[


motw lVkw , suhxI kuVI , ds b~cy , AOh b~cw

113
 ArQW dy AwDwr qy ivSySx pMj pRkwr dy huMdy hn[
() :-
1. gux-vwck ivSySx (Qualitative Adjective)
2. sMiKAw-vwck jW igxqI-vwck ivSySx (Numeral Adjective)

3. pirmwx vwck ivSySx (Quantitative Adjective)

4. inScy-vwck ivSySn (Demonstrative Adjective)

5. pVnWvI ivSYSx (Pronominal Adjective)

1. gux-vwck ivSySx (Qualitative Adjective)

nyk ienswn = imhnqI lVkw =
lwl kmIz = korw kwZz =
AOKw svwl =
nyk = imhnqI = lwl =
korw = AOKw =
()
1. swDwrx Avsqw ( Positive Degree)

hrimMdr isAwxw ividAwrQI hY [ =

2. AiDkqr Avsqw ( Comparative Degree)


hrimMdr, plivMdr nwloN isAwxw ividAwrQI hY [ =

3.AiDkqm Avsqw (Superlative Degree)

hrimMdr sB nwloN isAwxw ividAwrQI hY [ =
()
114
 2. sMiKAw-vwck jW igxqI-vwck ivSySx - -
(Numeral Adjective)

rwm hurIN pMj Brw hn[ =
g~fI Cy GMty lyt hY[ =
mYN quhwfy koloN vIh hzwr rupey lYxy hn[ =

bicE! do-do, cwr-cwr krky Cu~tI kr lE[= - -
- -

1. swDwrx sMiKAw-vwck ivSySx
(Cardinal Adjective)
iek = cwr = d~s =

2. krm-vwcI sMiKAw-vwck ivSySx -

(Ordinal Adjective)
pihlw = () dUsrw = cOQw = ()

3. inKyVvwcI sMiKAw-vwck ivSySx -

(Distributive Adjective)
iek iek = ()
do do = ds ds = ( )

4. AinSicq sMiKAw-vwck ivSySx -

(Indefinite Adjective)

QohVyy = ku~J = keI =
bhuqy = Anyk =

:
car

115
 3. pirmwn vwck ivSySx
(Quantitative Adjective)

mYnUM zurw ku smW idE[ =
ies ikqwb dw Bwr ik~lo ku hY[ =

rsoeI iv~c ikMnw swrw du~D fuilHAw hY[ =

mYnUM kuJ buKwr lgdw hY[ =
zrw ku =
ik~lo ku = ikMnw swrw =
kuJ = ()
2 ()
1. inSicq pirmwx vwck
( Definite Quantitative Adjective) syr Br = ( ..)

mItr Br = ()
2. AinSicq pirmwx vwck
(Indefinite Quantitative Adjective)

zrw ku = coKw = ()

4. inScy-vwck ivSySn
(Demonstrative Adjective)

AOh skUl bVw v~fw hY[ =
Awh muMfw bVw SrwrqI hY[ =
AOh swfI m~J hY[ =
ausdw koeI Gr-bwr nhIN hY[ = -

116
 AOh =
Awh = AOs =

5. pVnwvI ivSYSx (Pronominal Adjective)

myrw Brw quhwfw kI lgdw hY?=
A~j ikhVw-ikhVw skUl nhIN AwieAw ? = -

ikMnI miTAweI =
quhwfw Gr = ikhVI vsqU =
kOx AwdmI - = myrw im~qr =
swfI dukwn =

2 ()
1. mUl rUp pVnwvI ivSySn ()
( Original Pronominal Adjective) ikhVw AiDAwpk =

kI cIz = kOx AwdmI - =

2. auqpMn rUp pVnwvI ivSySn
( Created Pronominal Adjective)

ikMnI miTAweI =
myrw im~qr = swfI dukwn =

ivSySx dI kwrk-rUp-swDnw --

()

gux-vwck ivSySx
igxqI-vwck ivSySx -

117
 1. gux-vwck ivSySx
gorw = ()

puilMg = ()
kwrk rUp iekvcn bhuvcn

swDwrx rUp gorw (muMfw) () gory (muMfy) ()

sMbMDkI rUp gory (muMfy) ny () goirAW (muMifAW) ny
()
sMboDn rUp Eey ! goirAw (muMifAw) Eey ! goirE (muMifE)
! () ! ()

iesqrI ilMg = ()
kwrk rUp iekvcn bhuvcn

swDwrx rUp gorI (kuVI) () gorIAW (kuVIAW)

()
sMbMDkI rUp gorI (kuVI) ny () gorIAW (kuVIAW) ny
()
sMboDn rUp nI ! gorIey (kuVIey!) nI ! gorIE (kuVIE!)
! () ! ()

> >

() ..

118
 2. igxqI-vwck ivSySx -
cwr ( - ) = ()
:-
kwrk rUp iekvcn bhuvcn

swDwrx rUp cwr b~cy cwr b~cIAW

sMbMDkI rUp cwr b~icAW ny cwr b~icAW ny

sMboDn rUp cwr b~icE! ! cwr b~cIE! !
krm-vwck ivSySx
bwhrvy
kwrk rUp iekvcn bhuvcn

swDwrx rUp bwhrvw lVkw bwhrvI lVkI

sMbMDkI rUp bwhrvy lVky ny bwhrvI lVkI ny

sMboDn rUp bwhrvIAW lVikAw ! bwhrvIey lVkIey !
! !

:
bwhrvy
4 bwhrvy bwhrvw bwhrvI bwhrvIAW bwhrvIey

- -

119
 ( Adjectives) :-
au~cw = high audws, duKI , = , sad
Awm = common AwlsI = lazy

AwigAwkwrI = obedient AwKrI = last

Awswn = easy AigAwnI,Axjwx = ignorant
Aglw = next AmIr = rich

AklmMd = wise, learned AOKw = difficult

iemwndwr = honest ssqw = () cheap

sohxw,sohxI,suMdr = beautiful

swP = clean sPl = successful

s^q = hard sMKyp = brief
su~kw = dry suKI = happy
sOKw, Awswn = easy SWq = - peaceful
s~cw = right s~jw = right side, righthand
suAwdI = tasty s~c = true
isAwxw = wise isrP = only
huiSAwr = clever hlkw, hOlw = light (weight)
hor = other hOlI = slow (speed)
koeI = any kOVw = bitter
kmjor = weak kyvl, isrP = only
kuJ ku, QoVHw ijhw = some
KuS = cheerful, happy KwlI = empty

Ku~lHw = open grm = hot

gol = round

120
cu~p = quiet clwk = clever,smart
Cotw = small (size) jwiej = fair, just
jrUrI = important JUTw = false

TIk = right TMFw = cold

Tos = solid frpok = coward

fUMGw = deep qMg = tight
QoVHw = ()little (quantity)Q~ikAw = tired
dUr dw = distant idlcsp = interesting

duKI = sad Dwrmk = religious

nwrwj = unhappy, displeased
inmwxw = humble nIvW = low, inferior

nvW = new, fresh in~kw = small , short

ing~r = solid , strong ipAwrw = dear, beloved

piv~qr = holy, pure,sacred pqlw = lean, thin

purwxw = old, antique p~ikAw = () ripe

ipAwsw = thirsty burw = bad, evil

byeImwn = dishonest, deceitful

bhuq = much ibmwr = ill, sick

bu~DU = stupid mYlw = dirty

mihMgw = costly, expensive motw = fat

im~Tw = sweet v~fw = big, large

lwprvwh = careless lMbw = long

ivckwr = central ivdvwn = learned, scholar

121
 ikirAw
(Verb)
iksy cIz jW mnu~K dy kMm nUM kwl-sihq d~sx vwly Sbd nUM ikirAw AwiKAw
jWdw hY


pRIqm skUl jWdw hY [ = ()
pRIqm skUl igAw hY [ = (-)
pRIqm skUl jweygw [ = ()
jWdw hY = ()
igAw hY = () jweygw = ()
()

ikirAw do pRkwr dI huMdI hY

2
1. skrmk ikirAw ( Transitive Verb)
() () ()
skrmk ikirAw :-
roihq ikqwb pVHdw hY [ =
joqI gIq gwauNdI hY [ =
gurcrn hwkI Kyfdw hY [ =
() roihq, joqI, gurcrn ,
( ) ikqwb, gIq, hwkI ()
pVHdw = gwauNdI = Kyfdw =
2. Akrmk ikirAw ( Intransitive Verb)
() ()

Akrmk ikirAw :-
122
 roihq pVHdw hY [ =
joqI gwauNdI hY [ =
gurcrn Kyfdw hY [ =
() roihq, joqI, gurcrn, ()
pVHdw hY = , gwauNdI hY = , Kyfdw hY =

()
dukrmk ikirAw = (
) :- gurcrn ny s~p nUM hwkI nwl mwirAw [
=
:
-- ()
-- ()

vwc Aqy kwl (Voice & Tense)

( Voice)
( Active Voice) ( Passive Voice)
ikirAw dy ijs rUp qoN pqw l~gy ik ikirAw duAwrw sMkyq kIqI g~l jW kMm
dw ivSw krqw hY, jW krm hY, aus nUM vwc AwKdy hn[
vwc do pRkwr dy huMdy hn[ = 2

1. krqrI vwc ( Active Voice )

:-
AsIN ilKdy hW[ = ()
suKcYn ikqwb pVHdw hY[ =
AsIN suKcYn - ilKdy pVHdw

123
 2. krmxI vwc
( Passive Voice )

:-
pusqk swQoN pVHI geI[ =
suKcYn duAwrw ikqwb pVHI jWdI hY[ =

swQoN pVHI duAwrw pHVI
-
:-
krqrI vwc krmxI vwc
1. qusIN mYnUM bhuq qMg kIqw hY[ d 1. mYN quhwQoN bhuq qMg Aw igAw hW[ d
d d
d d
d d
d d
d
2. AsI mUMh nwl Kwxw KWdy hW[ d
2. swQoN mUMh nwl Kwxw KwDw jWdw hY[ d
d
d d
d d
d d
d d
3. rwm jI ny rwvx nUM mwirAw[ d 3. rwvx rwm jI h~Qo mwirAw igAw[ d
d d
d
d
d d
d d
4. s~c bolxw zrUrI hY[ d 4. zrUrI hY ik s~c boilAw jwey[ d
d d
d d
d d
d d
d d
5. AsIN iPr Sihr nhIN jwvWgy [d 5.swQO iPr Sihr nhIN jwieAw jweygw[d
d d
d d
d d
:
() -
- (by)
124
 kwl (Tense)
kwl = ijs iv~c ikirAw dw koeI kMm huMdw hY jW iksy kMm dy hox dy smy dw
igAwn huMdw hY, aus nUM kwl AwKdy hn[ =

kwl dy iqMn Byd huMdy hY[ = 3
1. BUq kwl ( Past Tense )

2. vrqmwn kwl ( Present Tense )

3. Biv~Kq kwl ( Future Tense )

1. BUq kwl ( Past Tense )

sI sW
iliKAw Awaudw igAw irhw
:-
auh Kyfdw sI [ =
mYN rotI KWdw sW [ =
ausny lyK iliKAw [ =
BUq kwl dy pMj rUp huMdy hn[ 5
1. pUrn BUq kwl ( Past Perfect Tense )

:-
mYN CIAMgmeI igAw sW [ = ()
auh bYNkOk qoN AwieAw sI [ = ()
2. smIpI BUq kwl
:-
mYN huxy hI CIAMgmeI qoN AwieAw hW[
=
125
 K auh id~lI igAw hY [ = ()
3. AinSicq BUq kwl

:-
K mYN CIAMgmeI AwieAw [ = ()
K auh id~lI igAw [ =
4. ApUrn BUq kwl

:-
K auh id~lIE Aw irhw sI [ =
Aw irhw sI =
5. SrqI BUq kwl

:-
K jy suirMdr id~lIE AwauNdw qW kMm qy jWdw [
=
AwauNdw = ()
2. vrqmwn kwl ( Present Tense )

auh pVHdy hn , AsIN Kyfdy hW
, = ()
vrqmwn kwl dy Cy rUp huMdy hn[
6 :-
1. pUrn vrqmwn kwl ( Perfect Present
Tense )
:- K mYN CIAMgmeI Aw igAw hW[
= ()

126
 2. cwlU vrqmwn kwl ( Present Continu-

ous Tense )
:-
K mYN CIAMgmeI qoN Aw irhw hW[
=
K auh id~lI jw irhw hY[ =

3. AiniScq vrqmwn kwl

( Present Indefinite Tense )
:-
K mYN CIAMgmeI qoN Aw irhw hW[
=
K auh id~lI jw irhw hY[ =

4. pUrn cwlU vrqmwn kwl

( Present Perfect Continuous Tense )
:-
K mYN CIAMgmeI jWdw irhw hW[
=
K auh id~lI jWdw irhw hY[ = ()

5. SrqI vrqmwn kwl

:-
K jy qusI kho qW mYN CIAMgmeI ho AwvW[
=
K jy auh nSw kry qW sB nwl lVdw hY[
=

127
 6. hukmI vrqmwn kwl

:-
K qusIN CIAMgmeI jwau[ =
K qusIN pusqk pVoH[ =

3. Biv~Kq kwl ( Future Tense )

:- K mYN pusqk pVWgw[ =
K auh Kwxw Kwvygw[ =

Biv~Kq kwl dy cwr rUp huMdy hn[

4 :-

1. AiniScq Biv~Kq kwl ( Imper-

fect Future Tense )

:-
K mYN CIAMgmeI jwvWgw[ =
myrw dosq AmrIkw qoN Awvygw[ =

2. sMBwvI Biv~Kq kwl

:-
K Swied mYN CIAMgmeI jwvW[ =
mYN cwhuMdw hW ik auh bYNkOk nw jwey[[
=

3. hukmI Biv~Kq kwl

:- CyqI pwiksqwn jw[ =
K qUM k~l CIAMgmeI AwvIN[ =

128
4. inSicq Biv~Kq kwl
:-
mYN iCAMgmeI jw cu~kw hovWgw[
=
auh pwiksqwn jw irhw hovygw[ =

ikirAw Aqy kwrn vwdI

( Verb and their Causals)

au~fxw = to fly
aufwauxw = to make fly
aufvwauxw =
to get one make (it) fly

au~Txw = () ( ) to rise

auTwauxw = to raise

auTvwauxw = () to cause to raise

ikRAw Verb
aufxw = to fly aufwauxw = to make fly

AwKxW = to say , tell , to express, pronounce

Atkxw = to get checkded or detained
sukxw = to get dried su~jxw = to be swollen
suxnw = to listen suMGxw = to smell, sniff
sutxw - = to throw sOxw = to sleep
ihlxw = to move hsxw = to laugh
ktxw = to cut krnw = to do
k~Fxw = to take out Kwxw = to eat
129
K~txw = to earn iKskxw = to slip away
KolHxw = to open KrIdxw = to buy

iK~cxw = to pull gwxw = to sing

igxnw = to count guMmxw = to be lost
GuMmxw = to turn around c~txw = to lick

cVHnw = to rise, to mount cmkxw = to shine

clxw = to walk cuMmxw = to kiss
Ckxw = to eat Cuhxw () = to touch

C~fxw = to leave iClxw = to peel

ij~qxw - = to win jwgxw = to wake up

jwnxw = to know jIxw = to live
itkxw - = to stay turnw = to walk

Tgxw = to cheat frnw = to fear

fu~bxw = to be drowned q~kxw = to see

duKxw = to feel pain dyxw = to give

dOVnw = to run Drnw = to put

Doxw = to wash ncxw = to dance

inKVxw = to be seperated inBxw = to be fullfilled
p~kxw - = to be ripen pVHnw = to read

pkVnw = to arrest pIxw = to drink

P~sxw = to get entangled PVnw = to hold to catch

Pulxw = to swell bMnHxw = to bind
bulwxw = to call Brnw = to fill

Bulxw = to forget imlxw = to meet

mrxw = to die mwrnw = to beat
lVxw = to quarrel ilKxw = to count

lYxw = to take vVnw = to enter

v~jxw = to ring

130
 pMjwbI iv~c ikirAw Sbd bVI guMJldwr bxqr vwly hn[
ieko ikirAw Sbd dy 50 qoN
v~D rUp imldy hn[ 50
ikirAw Sbd dy mUl rUp nUM DwqU (root) ikhw jWdw hY[
DwqU nwl ipCyqrW dI vrqoN krky Anyk rUp bxdy hn[
Agyqr - Prefix
ipCyqr - Suffix audwhrn vjoN ikirAw
DwqU pVH dy kuJ rUp hyTW id~qy gey hn :-
pVH =
pVH, pVHI, pVHo, pVHW, pVHIey, pVHy, pVHn, pVHw [
pVHvw, pVHvwau, pVHwvW, pVHweIey, pVHwvy [
pVHnw, pVHny, pVHnI, pVHnIAW [
pVHwaux , pVHwauxw, pVHwauxy, pVHwauxI, pVHwauxIAW [
pVHvwauxw, pVHvwauxy, pVHvwauxI, pVHvwauxIAW [
pVHdw, pVHdy, pVHdI, pVHdIAW [
pVHwauNdw, pVHwaNudy, pVHwaNudI, pVHwauNdIAW [
pVHvwauNdw, pVHvwauNdy, pVHvwaNudI, pVHvwauNdIAW [
pVyHgw, pVHngy, pVyHgI, pVHngIAW [
piVHAw, pVHI, pVHIAW, pVHnoN [
piVHAW, pVHidAW, pVHwaNudIAW, pVHvwauNidAW [
muMfw pVHdw hY[ = iek-vcn, puilMg [ -
muMfy pVHdy hn[ = bhu-vcn, puilMg[ -
kuVI pVHdI hY [ =
iek - vcn, iesqrI ilMg [ -
kuVIAW pVHdIAW hn [ =
bhu - vcn, iesqrI ilMg [ -
131
 ikirAw ivSySx (Adverbs)
ikirAw ivSySx = jo Sbd ikirAw dI ivSySqw d~sy jW iPr swDwrx SbdW
iv~c ikhw jw skdw hY ik jo Sbd ikirAw dw FMg, smW qy sQwn pRgt kry, aus
nUM ikirAw ivSySx AwKdy hn[
=
ijvy :-
hOlI hOlI bolo[ = ,
qyz quro[ = , CyqI ilKo[ = ,
ieh iKfOxw bhuq suMdr hY[ =
hOlI hOlI = qyz = CyqI =
suMdr = ikirAw ivSySx

ikirAw ivSySx dy A~T rUp hUMdy hn[

8
1. kwl vwck ( Time )

2. sQwn vwck ( Place )

3. prkwr vwck ( Manners )

4. imxqI vwck ( Quantity )

5. sMiKAw vwck ( Number )

6. kwrn vwck ( Cause )

7. qwkIdI vwck ( Emphasis )

8. inrxw vwck ( Affirmation )

132
 1. kwl vwck ikirAw ivSySx
( Adverb of Time ) ijs Sbd qo ikirAw dy hox dw smW pqw l~gy

:- A~j =
k~lH () = () prsoN = hux () =
svyry = Swm = dupihr =

2. sQwn vwck ikirAw ivSySx

( Adverb of Place ) ijhVy Sbd iksy ikirAw dy hox dy sQwn bwry d~sx

:-
ie~Qy = au~Qy = ik~Qy =
AMdr = bwhr =
aupr = Q~ly =
nyVy = K~by = () s~jy = () Awid

3. prkwr vwck ikirAw ivSySx

( Adverb of Manners ) ijhVy Sbd iksy ikirAw dy krn dw FMg d~sx

( ) :-
qyz = hOlI = () ikvyN =
ijvyN = (-) ies qrHW = ()
aus qrHW = () Awid

4. imxqI vwck ikirAw ivSySx

( Adverb of Quantity ) auh ikirAw ivSySx jo ikirAw dI igxqI , imxqI jW
imkdwr d~sx :-
QoVHw = bhuqw = ikMnHW =
ijMnHW = vD = () Gt = ()
ku~J = () zrw = Awid

133
5. sMiKAk jW igxqI vwck ikirAw ivSySx
( Adverb of Numbers ) auh Sbd jo iksy ikirAw dy kMm dI vwrI
jW igxqI d~sx :-
ie~k vwr = keI vwr = ()
GVI muVI = () dUhrw = ()
dUsrw = () pMjvW = do do =

6. inrxw vwck ikirAw ivSySx

( Adverb of Affirmation or Negation ) ijhVy Sbd iksy ikirAw hox jW nW hox bwry
inrxw drswaux
:- hW = (-) Awho =
TIk = zrUr = bhuq A~Cw =
jI nhIN = sq bcn = Awid

7. kwrx vwck ikirAw ivSySx

( Adverb of Cause ) auh Sbd jo iksy ikirAw dy kMm dw kwrn d~sx

:-
ies krky = ikauN =
ikauNik - = qd hI = qW hI - =
so = () Awid

8. qwkIdI vwck ikirAw ivSySx (

Adverb of Emphasis ) ijhVy Sbd ikirAw sMbMDI qwkId jW pikAweI pRgt krn

:-
vI = () hI = zrUr =
qW = () iblkul = ()
mUloN hI = () au~kw hI = ()
Awid
pMjwbI swfI mW bolI hY[


134
 AvsQw = - : -
ikirAw ivSySx dIAW iqMnH AvsQwvW huMdIAW hn[
= 3
1. swDwrx AvsQw ( Simple Position)
jdo ikirAw ivSySx dw hI kMm krn qW auh swDwrx AvsQw iv~c huMdy hn[
()
:-
ku~qw au~cI au~cI BOkdw hY[ - =
auh hOlI-hOlI qurdw hY[ = ()
au~cI- au~cI hOlI-hOlI
2. pRSink AvsQw ( Interrogative Position)

ies iv~c ikirAw ivSySx ku~J pu~Cx dw kMm krdy hn[

(
) :-
muMfy ikaNu lVdy hn[ =
qusI mYnUM ik~Qy imlogy ? = ?
ikauN ikQy
3. XojkI AvsQw jdo koeI
( Conjunctive Position)

ikirAw ivSySx dy vwkW nUM joVn dw kMm vI kry qW aus nUM XojkI AvsQw kihMdy
hn[
() :-
qusI ij~Qy jwaugy idldwr au~Qy hI phuMc jwvygw[
- =
ijMnI ikqwb mYN pVHI aunHI hI qusI pVHI hY[
=
K ij~Qy - au~Qy - ijMnI - aunHI - K
( )

135
 ( Adverbs) :-
au~Qy = there EdW, audoN = then
auDr = thither auDroN = from there , thence
au~pr = up auproN = from upwards
aulty = on the other hand A~gy = in future, in front
A~goN = from the front A~goN dI = in future
Acxcyq = suddenly A~j = to-day
Av~S = of course Ajy = () as yet
Awspws = () around ies leI = therefore
ies krky = therefore ieMj, ieauN = like this
ieQy = here ie~QoN = from here, hence
ie~dW = () in this manner ie~Dr = () hither
ie~DroN = from here
ie~Dr auDr = hither and thither
ievyN = () like this AYvyN = in vain, gratis
sihjy sihjy = - easily , slowly, gently
s~c m~uc = really, truly s~jy = to the right
sdw = always svyry = in the morning
swhmxy = infront isrP = only
hmySw = always hr GVI = every moment
hr idn = every day hr vwr = every time
hW = yes, willingness, approval hux = now
huxy = just now huxy qweIN = till now
hux qoN = from now hyTW = below
hyToN = from below hOly = slowly
hOly hOly = very slowly keI vwr = several times
kd = when kdy = some time

136
kdy kdy = occasionally ijQy ikQy =
kdy nhIN = never wherever , anywhere, everywhere
kdoN = whence ijvyN = just as , as
k~lH = yesterday, to- though, for example, for instance

morrow J~t = immediatly, instantly,

ikqy ikqy = here and there J~t p~t = immediatly
ikauN = why JUT mUT = falsely
ikQoN = from where qd = then, at that time
ikQy = where , at what place qd qk = till then
ik~Dr = in qrWH = like , as , just as
which direction, which way, to which place iks qrHW = how
ikDroN = from dubwrw = twice
which side or direction, wherefrom, dUr = away , far off
ikvyN = how , by nhIN = no , not
what means or method, for which purpose nwl = close together
iks qrHW = how,in what way pwr = across,
CyqI = immediately pwr swl = last year
jgHw = instead of pwsy = aside, on the
jd = when side of

jd kd = whenever, ies pwsy = this side

jdoN = when aus pwsy = that side
jd qoN = whence iks pwsy = which way
zrUr = of course, cwry pwsy = all around
surely, certainly ip~Cy /ip~CW - = behind
zrw = a little, a bit ip~CoN =
jrw ku = just a little after, later, from behind
ijQy = where iPr = again
ijvyN ky = as it were Ptw-Pt = at once
bySk = ibnw = without
doubless, of couse , certainly, definitely Blky = to-morrow
 sMbMDk (Preposition)
sMbMDk = Aijhy Sbdw nUM sMbMDk Sbd ikhw jWdw hY ijhVy nWv jW pVnwv
dy ip~Cy l~g ky, aus dw sMbMD vwk dy hor SbdW nwl pRgt krdy hn [

ijvy :-
K ieh GVI suirMdr dI hY[ =
K pqIly dy iv~c du~D hY[ =
ienHW vwkW iv~c dI Aqy dy sMbMDk hn

hor audwhrxW : dIAW = ()
qoN = (from), ny = - (by), nUM = (to), kol =
sMbMDk dIAW iqMn iksmW huMdIAW hn [
3
1. pUrn sMbMDk ( Complete Preposition)

Aijhy Sbd ijhVy iek~ilAw hI sMbMDk ho skx, nUM pUrn sMbMDk AwiKAw
jWdw hY[ ()
:- kot dw rMg nIlw hY[ =
dw hor sMbMDk :- dy , dIAW , qoN , q~k ,
qIk
2. ApUrn sMbMDk ( Incomplete Preposition)
Aijhy Sbd ijhVy pUrn sMbMDk dI shwieqw nwl pUrn sMbMDk ho jwx , nUM
ApUrn sMbMDk AwiKAw jWdw hY[
() :-
K qlw dy iv~c mClI hY[ =
iv~c dy

138
 hor sMbMDk :- au~qy = (on,upon,above) ,
hyTW = (under,below) , bwhr = (outside) ,
nwl = () (near, closed), dUr = (far) ,
prHy = - (away,apart) , swhmxy = - ,
ivckwr = (middle) ,
3. dUbwjry jW imSrq sMbMDk () ( Mixed
Preposition) Aijhy sMbMDk ijhVy iksy hwlq iv~c pUrn sMbMDk qy iksy hwlq

iv~c ApUrn sMbMDk hox[

ijvyN :-
hrpIRq kol dosq Awey hoey hn, jW hrpRIq dy kol dosq Awey hoey hn[

= ()
kol dy kol
hor sMbMDk :-
bgYr = , ibnHW = , duAwrw = - ,
auprMq = (beside,after), vrgw = (similar),
v~l = () (on the side of) , bdly = (in lieu of) ,
ip~Cy = (behind) ,

Xojk (Conjunction)
Xojk Sbd dw ArQ hY joVn vwlw[ -
ijhVw Sbd do SbdW, vwkW jW vwkMSw nUM joVY, aus
nUM Xojk kihMdy hn[
ijvy :-
suirMdr ny AwiKAw hY ik auh bYNkOk jwvygw [
=
ik
suirMdr ny AwiKAw hY auh bYNkOk jwvygw

139
 hor audwhrxW :-
K auh lwlcI hI nhIN sgoN kMjUs hY [

K Bwvy auh grIb iPr vI idl v~fw hY[
()
K mYN id~lI jwxw qW sI pr jw nhIN sikAw[

K aus ny rotI KwDI, ikauNik aus nUM Bu~K l~gI sI [
=
aus ny rotI KwDI[ aus nUM Bu~K l~gI sI[
ikauNik

< Xojk nUM do muK BwgW iv~c vMifAw jWdw hY( Kinds of Conjunction) <
2

1. smwn Xojk ( Co-ordinate Conjunction)

do pUrn svqMqr vwkW nUM Awps iv~c joVn vwly Sbd smwn Xojk khwauNdy hn[

ijvyN :-
suirMdr qy mnjIq skUl qoN gYrhwzr hn[
= ()
prmjIq Gr AwieAw Aqy rotI Kw ky clw igAw[

=
qy - Aqy (and, as well as)
BwvyN = (although, even if )
so = (therfore), pr = (but, still, however),
prMqU = (but, still, however) Awid

140
 smwn Xojk dIAW iksmW
( Kinds of Co-ordinate Conjunction) 4

(a.) smu~cy smwn Xojk ( Cumula-

tive Co-ordinate Conjunction) ijhVy smwn Xojk dy aup vwkW nUM Awps iv~c joV
ky smu~cw Bwv pRgt krn, smu~cy smwn Xojk huMdy hn[

ijvyN :- auh nw kyvl ZrIb hY sgoN iemwndwr vI hY[

=
auh imhnqI vI hY qy SrwrqI vI hY[
=
nw kyvl - sgoN
qy vI -
(A.) ivklpI smwn Xojk
jdoN Xojk Aijhy vwkW nUM joVy ijnHW iv~co
( Aternative Co-ordinate Conjunction)

vtWdry dy Bwv pRgt hox qW auh Xojk ivklpI smwn Xojk kihlWdy hn[

ijvyN :-
BWvy qUM kMm kr, BWvy auh kMm kry[

= ()
jW qUM jw, jW auh jwvy [

= () BWvy
- jW
(e.) inKyDI smwn Xojk ( Advesative
jdoN do suqMqr pr ivroDI vwkW nUM Awps iv~c joiVAw
Co-ordinate Conjunction)

jwvy qW joVn vwly Sbd inKyDI smwn Xojk kihlWdy hn [

141

ijvyN :-
auh Cotw hY pr bhuq Kotw hY[
= ()
auh Bu~Kw hY iPr vI rotI nhIN KWdw [
= () ()
pr - iPr

(s.) kwrj-boDk smwn Xojk -
jdo do vwk iek kwrj qy iek kwrn pRgt
( Illative Co-ordinate Conjunction)
krdy hox qW auhnHW dohW nUM joVn vwly Sbd, kwrj boDk smwn Xojk kihlWdy
hn[

ijvyN :- qyrw kMm ho igAw so frn dI koeI loV nhI hY[

=
mYN bzwr jwxw hY ies leI jldI iqAwr ho igAw [

=
so - ies leI
-

2. ADIn Xojk () ( Sub-ordinate Conjunction)

iek imSrq vwk iv~c prDwn aupvwk qy ADIn aupvwk huMdy hn[ iehnW dohW
nUM Awps iv~c joVn vwly Sbd ADIn Xojk AKvWdy hn

() ijvyN :-
lIlI ny sunyhw ByijAw ik mYN bwhr jw rhI hW[

=
142
 vrijS kro ikauNik vrijS nwl SrIr qMdrusq rihMdw hY[

=
sunyhw ByijAw = -
vrijS kro =
mYN bwhr jw rhI hW = ,
vrijS nwl SrIr qMdrusq rihMdw hY
= ()
ik = (that, or ) ikNauik - = (because , in that)

ADIn Xojk 7 pRkwr dy huMdy hn
( Kinds of Sub-ordinate Conjunction) 7

(a.) smwn AiDkrx () ( Equal)

(A.) kwrn vwck () ( Reason)
(e.) Pl vwck () ( Effect)
(s.) mMqv vwck () ( Purpose)
(h.) Srq vwck () ( Conditional)
(k.) ivroD vwck () ( Contrast)
(K .) qulnw vwck () ( Comparison)
(a.) smwn AiDkrx () ( Equal) jdoN koeI
ADIn Xojk Aijhy aup vwkW nUM joVy jo prDwn aupvwk dI ivAwiKAw kry qW aus
nUM smwn AiDkrx kihMdy hn[
ijvyN :-
ieh s~c hY ju mYnUM ies Gtnw dw pqw nhIN sI [

=
ju - ()

143
 (A.) kwrn vwck () ( Reason) jdoN ADIn aupvwk
prDwn aupvwk dI ikirAw dw kwrn d~sy qW Aijhy do vwkW nUM joVn vwlw Sbd
kwrn vwck ADIn Xojk huMdw hY[

ijvyN :- mYN skUl dw kMm nhIN sI kIqw ies leI mYNnUM mwr peI [

=
ies leI ()

(e.) Pl vwck () ( Effect) jdoN ADIn aupvwk

prDwn aupvwk dI ikirAw dw Pl d~sy qW Aijhy do vwkW nUM joVn vwlw Sbd
Pl vwck ADIn Xojk huMdw hY[

ijvyN :- ieh pypr ieMnHw Awswn sI ju sB pws ho gey [

=
ju - ()
()

(s.) mMqv vwck () ( Purpose) jdoN koeI ADIn

Xojk aup vwk dI ikirAw dw mMqv d~sy[
ijvyN :-
aus ny imhnq kIqI qW jo pws ho jwvy [
=
qW jo - ( )

144
 (h.) Srq vwck () ( Conditional) jdoN ADIn
aupvwk prDwn aupvwk dI ikirAw dw kwrn Srq vWg d~sy[

ijvyN :-
jykr qusIN Xwd krky AwEgy qW mYN tYst zrUr lvWgI[

=
jykr - qW () -
()
(k.) ivroD vwck () ( Contrast) jdoN prDwn
aupvwk qy ADIn aupvwk ivroD pRgq krdy hox qW joVn vwlw Sbd ivroD
vwck ADIn Xojk AKvWdw hY[

ijvyN :- BwvyN auh bhuq AmIr hY pr bhuq kMjUs hY[

=
BwvyN pr
( - )
(K .) qulnw vwck () ( Comparison) jdoN koeI
ADIn Xojk Aijhy doN vwkW nUM joVy ik dohW aupvwkW iv~c guxW jW AOguxW dI
qulnw kIqI geI hovy[

ijvyN :- auh ieMj bixAw rihMdw hY, ijvyN aus kol kuJ hY hI nhIN [

=
ijvyN ()

145
 auh Sbd ijhVy iksy nUM bulwaux, jW mn dy iksy Bwv KuSI , gmI, hYrwnI Awid
nUM pRgt krn leI Awp-muhwry mUMho inkl jwx, aunHW nUM ivsmk AwiKAw
jWdw hY [

ijvyN :- auey , hwey , Awhw , b~ly b~ly , vwh
vwh Awid
nI kuVIey ! ik~Qy peI jWdI hY[ =
pMjwbI iv~c ivsimk d~s prkwr dy huMdy hn
10 :-
(1.) sMboDnIvwck ivsimk ( Addressing)
ijhVy ivsimk iksy nUM sMboDn krn jW Awvwz dyx smyN vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM
sMboDnIvwck ivsimk AwKdy hn[
ijvyN :- auey , vy , qy , nI AVIey , bIbw, Awid =
L hy r~bw ! mYN kI krW ? ! = !

L AVIey ! qUM qW swfy nwl cldI hI nhIN[

! = !
L bIbw ! isAwixAW dI m~q lYxI cwhIdI hY[
! = !
(2.) sUcnwvwck ivsimk ( Information) ijhVy
Sbd sUcnw dyx Aqy qwVnw krn leI vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM sUcnwvwck ivsimk
AwKdy hn[ ijvyN :- dyKI ,
Kbrdwr , huiSAwr , jwgdy rho , Awid =
L huiSAwr ho jwE ! fwkU Aw rhy hn[

! = !
L bcxw ! auh kMD if~g rhI hY[
! = !

146
(3.) KuSIvwck ivsimk ( Happy) ijhVy Sbd
mn dI KuSI Aqy hulws pRgt krn leI vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM KuSIvwck ivsimk
AwKdy hn[ ijvyN :-
vwhvw , DMn , Awhw , Awid =
L Awhw! ikMnw suMdr idRS hY[ ! = !

L DMn ! gurU nwnk swihb[ ! = !

L vwhvw ! kmwl hY[ ! = !

(4.) hYrwnIvwck ivsimk ( Wondering)

ijhVy Sbd hYrwnI jW Ascrjqw pRgt krn leI vrqy jwx aunHW nUM hYrwnIvwck
AwKdy hn[ ijvyN
:- auhoy , hY , DMn , Awhw , Awid =
L auho ! ieh g~l hY[ ! = !

L hY ! qUM ieh kI lohVw mwirAw[ ! = !

L vwh ! AjIb ik~sw hY[ ! = !

(5.) siqkwrvwck ivsimk ( Respectful)

ijhVy Sbd iksy dw Awdr-siqkwr krn leI vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM siqkwr
vwck ivsimk AwKdy hn[ ijvyN
:- jI AwieAw nUM , DMn Bwg , AwE jI , mW GolI , Awid =
L DMn Bwg ! A~j quhwfy drSn hoey hn[ !
= !
L jI AwieAw nUM ! swfy isr m~Dy qy AwE[ !
= !
L mYN GolI ! ieh qy qyrw Apxw Gr ey[ !
= ! ()

:
()

147
(6.) AsIsvwck ivsimk ( Blessing) ijhVy
Sbd iksy nUM AsIs dyx leI vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM AsIsvwck ivsimk AwKdy
hn[ ijvyN :- gurU Blw kry ,
vDo Pu~lo , juAwnI mwxo , sweI jIvy , jIauNdw rhu, sdw suKI, Awid
L gurU Blw kry ! qyrw vwl nw ivMgw hovy[ ! =

! ()
L juAwnIAW mwxy ! bu~FI mweI nUM pYsw dy jwE[

! = ()
L sweI jIvy [ pu~q sdw suhwgx rhy
! = !
(7.) ie~Cwvwck ivsimk ( Desires) jo Sbd
mn dI ie~Cw jW s~Dr pRgt krn leI vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM ie~Cwvwck ivsimk
AwKdy hn[ ijvyN :-
kwS , hwey , r~b kry , hy vwihgurU , hy krqwr, Awid =
L kwS ! mYN ikqy DMnvwn ho skW[

! = ! ()
L hwey ! jy qusIN au~Qy huMdy[ ! = !

L hy krqwr ! qUM hI lwj r~KI [ ! = !

(8.) pRSMSwvwck ivsimk ( Praiseful)
auh Sbd jo iksy dI slwhuqw jW vifAweI leI vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM pRsMswvwck
ivsimk AwKdy hn[ ijvyN
:- bilhwr , sdky , b~ly , Swbws Awid =
L sdky E juAwnw ! kmwl kIqI aU[

! = !
L bilhwr jweIey ! ies mhwn iqAwg dy[
! = !
L SwbwS ! KUb gyNd bocI jy [
! = !
148
(9.) Sokvwck ivsimk ( Sorrowful)
ijhVy Sbd Sok jW du~K pRgt krn leI vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM Sokvwck ivsimk
AwKdy hn[
ijvyN :- hwie , au& , APsos , aUeI , Awid =
L aUeI ! sUeI cu~B geI [ ! = !
L Awh ! ieMdrw gWDI[ ! = !
L au& ! hux qW ieh pIV J~lI nhIN jWdI[

! = !
(10.) iPtkwrvwck ivsimk ( Abuses)
ijhVy Sbd iPtkwr jW JwV pwaux leI vrqy jwx, auhnW nUM iPtkwrvwck
ivsimk AwKdy hn[ ijvyN
:- iP~ty mUMh , d&w ho , l~K lwhnqw , iDrkwr, Awid =
L iP~ty mUMh sU kuVI dw! ieh krqUq[

! = ! ()
L d&w ho ! kwly mUMh vwlIey[
! = ! ()
L l~K lwhnq ! ieh kI kwrw kIqw eI ?
! = () !
()

Truth is high , higher

still is truthful living.

149









:-
1. ipqw jI mwqw jI pu~Cdy hn, qusI kdoN Awaugy ?
= ()


2. ipqw jI, mwqw jI puCdy hn, qusI kdo Awaugy ?
=
( )
()

()

150
 hor audwhrx leI hyTW do vwk id~qy hn[

1 . roko nw, jwxy idE --- (Bwv jwx idE)

, () -----
2 . roko, nw jwxy idE --- (Bwv nw jwx idE)
, ( ) -----

pMjwbI iv~c 13 ilKy ivSrwm icMn vrqy jWdy hn[

13 (
) ijvyN :-
1. fMfI jW pUrn ivSrwm = [
( Full Stop) ()
2. kwmw jW Alp ivSrwm = , () ( Comma)
3. pRSink icMnH = ? () ( Sign of Interrogation)
4. ArD ivsrwm = ; ( Semi Colon)
5. ivsmk icMnH = ! () ( Sign of Exclamation)
6. pu~Ty kwmy = () ( Inverted Comma)
7. duibMdI jW koln = : () ( Colon)
8. inrdySk jW fYS = - () ( Semi Colon)
9. doibMdI fYS = :- ( Colon and Dash)
10. joVnI = - () ( Hyphen)
11. Cu~t-mroVI = ( Apostrophy)
12. kmwnI jW brYktw = ()} ()( Brackets)
13. ibMdI = ....... () ( Dot )

151


pUrn ivSrwm ]

1. fMfI jW pUrn ivSrwm = [ ()

( Full Stop)
()
ijvyN :- ieh myrI ikqwb hY[ =
mYN skUl jw irhw hW[ =
2. kwmw jW Alp ivSrwm = , () ( Comma)

ijvyN :-
1 . ijs vwk iv~c iek nwau leI keI ivSySx vrqy gey hox kwmw
ivSySxw iv~ckwr kMm krdw hY[
ijvyN :-
suirMdr isAwxw, lwiek, huiSAwr qy imhnqI hY [

=
2 . ijs vwk iv~c Xojk gupq hovy au~Qy kwmw vriqAw jWdw hY[
ijvyN :-
sB nUM pqw hY, iemwndwrI cMgI nIqI hY[
=
3. iksy vwk ivcly vwkAMS jw aupvwk nUM Al~g drswaux leI ies
dI vrqo huMdI hY[
ijvyN :-

152
 muK Aiq~QI skUl Awey, cwh pwxI pIqw, numwieS vyKI, ienwm vMfy qy cly gey[

=
4. vwk iv~c vrqy v~K-v~K Sbd joiVAW leI kwmyN dI vrqoN huMdI hY[

ijvyN :- ijMdgI iv~c AmIr-grIb, cMgy-mwVy, du~KI-su~KI qy lwiek-nlwiek
sB nwl vwh pYNdw hY [ - - - -
= - - - -

5. jy iksy vwk iv~c A~Cw, hW, nWh Awid Sbd vwk qoN v~Kry Awaux qW ienWH
qoN pihlW kwmw lgwieAw jWdw hY[
( )
ijvyN :-
nW, swfy kolo ieh kMm nhIN ho skdw[
=
A~Cw, ijvyN quhwfI mrjI[
=
6. pu~Ty kwimAW iv~c AMikq , iksy dy khy hoey Sbd qo pihlW Awey Sbdw
ip~Cy kwmw lgwieAw jWdw hY[
ijvyN :-
myry dosq ny mwx nwl ikhw, AsI hr duK-suK iv~c qyry nwl hW[
-
=
7. keI vwr jdoN iksy vwk iv~c ie~k aupvwk leI kyvl iek hI Sbd dI
vrqoN kIqI jwvy, qW kwmw lgwieAw jWdw hY[
ijvyN :-
iek qW qusI ifaUtI qy nhI Awey, dUjw, JUT bol rhy ho[

=

153
 3. pRSink icMnH = ? - ()
(Sign of Interogation) Awm hwlqw iv~c pRSn icMnH dI vrqoN pRSn pu~Cx pUrn
ivsrwm leI kIqI jWdI hY[ ies leI ies dI vrqo vwk dy AMq qy kIqI jWdI
hY[
ijvyN :-
k a. qUM ikQy jw irhw hY ? ? =
b~cy Sor ikau mcWdy hn ? ? =
qusI kdoN jwaugy ? ? =

ikQy = ikau = kdoN =

k A. suirMdr ny dlbIr nUM ikhw qUM myrI pusqk kdoN vwps kryNgw ?

= ?
? ()
4. ArD ivsrwm (ibMdI vwlw kwmw) = ;
( Semi Colon) ArD ivsrwm (ibMdI vwlw kwmw) dI vrqo aus smNy kIqI jWdI
hY jdoN iksy vwk iv~c Tihrwau kwmy nwlo v~D hovy pr fMfI (pUrn ivsrwm) nwlo
G~t hovy[ ( )
([)
ijvyN :-
k a. -
-
dosqo, h~Q qy h~Q Dr ky bihx nwl kuJ nhIN bxdw ; r~b, auhnHW dI m~dd
krdw hY ijhVy AwpxI m~dd Awp krdy hn[
; [ =
;

154
 vwihgurU srb SkqImwn hY, aus dy Gr dyr hY AMDyr nhIN ;
auh sB dw pwlxhwrw hY[
; =
(
) () ;
k A. jdoN do suqMqr Bwv r~K dy aupvwkW nUM Xojk dI vrqo qoN ibnW iek hI
vwk iv~c r~iKAw jwvy qW ienHW aupvwkW dy ivcwly ibMdI kwmyN (;) dI vrqoN kIqI
jWdI hY[ (;)

:-
Bilau, zmwnw bdl igAw hY ; A~j koeI iksy dI nhIN suxdw[
, ;
= , ;
5. ivsmk icMnH = ! () ( Sign of Exclamation)

ivsmk icMnH, sMboDnI, hYrwnI, pRSMsw, Sok, iPtkwr, siqkwr Awid BwvW nUM
prgt krn leI vrqy jWdy hn, ies qoN ibnW jzbwqI BwvnwvW pRgt krn vwly
SbdW vwkWSW ip~Co vI ivsmk icMnH hI lgwieAw jWdw hY[
() ()

ijvyN :-
hwey r~bw ! AsI qbwh ho gey !
! ! = ! !
Sukr hY ! swfI vI prmwqmw ny sux leI ! ! !
= ! !
vwh ! kmwl kr id~qw hY qusW !
! = ! !
ijauNdw rhu ! gurU Blw kry ! ! !
= ! !

155
 6. pu~Ty kwmy = () ( Inverted Comma)
pMjwbI iv~c pu~Ty kwmy do rUpW iv~c vrqy jWdy hn[ iekihry pu~Ty kwmy Aqy
dUhry pu~Ty kwmy[ ()

k a.
() ijvyN :-
quhwfy im~qr ny AwiKAw sI, myrw kYmrw myry Gr phuMcw idE [
,
=
hrmIq ny gurmIq nUM ikhw, qyry im~qr ny sunyhw ByijAw hY, qUM myry Gr Aw ky
iml[ ,
=
k A.
()
ijvyN :-
pMjwbI rswly qW bhuq hn pr pMjwbI dunIAW bhuq vDIAw hY[

=
7. duibMdI jW koln = : () ( Colon)
jdoN iksy vwk iv~c , iksy Sbd, vwkwS jW aupvwk dI ivAwiKAw krnI hovy qW
aus Sbd jW aupvwk qoN bwAd duibMdI lgw ky vyrvw iliKAw jWdw hY ;

ijvyN :-
a. mYnUM bs ieh kuJ cwhIdw hY : do pYNtw, do kmIjW, iek pgVI Aqy do bunYxw[
: , ,
=

156
k A. jdoN iksy dy khy hoey SbdW nUM ausy rUp ivc ilKxw hovy qW aunHW SbdW qoN
pihlW duibMdI ( : ) lgweI jWdI hY[
ijvyN :-
gurU nwnk swihb jI ny jpujI swihb iv~c Prmwx kIqw
hY : :
BrIey m~q pwpw kY sMig [ auh DopY nwvY kY rMig ]

=
:
()
k e. jdoN iksy Sbd nUM sMKyp krky ilKxw hovy qW khy hoey Sbd nwl duibMdI
( : ) lgweI jWdI hY[
ijvyN :-
s : (srdwr) , poR : (pRoPYsr) , ipMR : (ipMRsIpl)
: () , : () , : ()
( )



k s.
ijvyN :-
1 : 10,000
1 10,000
5 : 10 = 1 : 2
1 : 2

157
 8. inrdySk jW fYS = - () ( Semi Colon)

k a. iksy vwk iv~c fYS dI vrqo aus smy kIqI jWdI hY jdoN pihlw khI
hoeI gl nUM hor vDyry spSt krnW hovy;
ijvyN :-
ies sm~isAw dw qW ieko h~l hY - hr mnu~K AwpxI ifaUtI pUrI kry [
-
= -
b~s g~l eyQy mu~k geI - nW qusIN swnUM imlo nW AsIN quhwnUM imlIey [
-
= -
k A.jdoN iksy QQlw jW htkoirAW BirAw aucwrx kIqw jwvy qW ilKx smyN
fYS dI vrqo hUMdI hY ;
ijvyN :-
pIV nwl krwhuMdy ibmwr ny ikhw-au-eI-mYN-m-r-cilAw jy[
------
-----
k e.jdoN iksy nwtkI rcnw iv~c pwqrw dI glbwq ilKxI hovy qW vI
fYS dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY ;
- ijvyN :-
gIqw - ies nwl myrw koeI sMbMD nhIN[ -
-
sIqw - qy hor iks dw sMbMD hY ? -
-
gIqw - mYnUM kI pqw[ -
-
sIqw - qy pqw iks nUM hY ? -
-

158
 9. doibMdI fYS = :- ( Colon and Dash)

k a. jdoN ilKq iv~c ku~J vyrvy AMikq krny hox qW duibMdI fYS dI vrqo
kIqI jWdI hY ;
ijvyN :-
pihly cwr sQwn pRwpq krn vwly ividAwrQIAW dy nwm hn :-

=
suirMdr isMG, idldwr isMG, mnjIq isMG Aqy suKbIr isMG[
, ,

k A. jdoN iksy g~l nUM smJwauxw hovy qW ijvy, ijhw, Awid qoN bwAd iv~c
duibMdI fYS lgdI hY[ audwhrx leI vyKo[

ijvyN :-
nwm dI QW qy vrqy jwx vwly SbdW nUM pVHnWv ikhw jWdw hY : ijvyN :-
: :-

mYN , ( ) qUM , ( )
AsIN ( ) Awidk [ ( )

k 10. joVnI = - () ( Hyphen)

a. Awm qOr qy smwsI Sbdw iv~c joVnI dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY [
ijvyN :-
Sbd-boD , vwk-vMf , dyS-inkwlw, hrmn-ipAwrw, lok-ipRAw
- - - - -
=

159
k A. jdoN iksy sqr jW pMkqI dy ilKx smy AMq auqy pUrI QW nw bcy qW
joVnI dI vrqo kIqI jWdI hY[
ijvyN :-
srdI = sr-dI , inh&l = inh-&l, inSkwm = inS-kwm Awidk
= - = - = -

k e. ivroDI ArQW vwly SbdW dI vrqoN krn smy vI jVnI dI vrqoN

kIqI jWdI hY[
ijvyN :-
kOVw-imTw, Krw-Kotw , v~fw-Cotw, burw-Blw Awidk
- - - -
- - - -

k s. jdoN do Aijhy SbdW dI vrqoN krnI hovy ijnHW iv~co iek inrwrQk
hovy qW vI joVnI dI vrqo kIqI jWdI[
ijvyN :-
pwxI-DwxI , rotI-rwtI , kMm-SMm , nyVy-qyVy Awidk
- - - -




11. Cu~t-mroVI = ( Apostrophy)

jdoN iksy vwk iv~c iksy Sbd dy C~fy hoey A~Kr nUM prgt krnw hovy qW C~ut-
mroV dI vrqo kIqI jWdI hY[ -
ijvyN :-
iv~c = c iv~c = c
Do not Dont

160
 12. kmwnIAW jW brYktW = ( ) { } (-)

} a. iksy vwk iv~c jdoN iksy Sbd, jW aupvwk dw Bwv sp~St krky
ilKxw hovy qW kmwnIAW dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[

ijvyN :-
ies mhIny dw pUrw Krc (vyrvw ip~Cy id~qw igAw hY) 40 - 50 rUpy bxdw hY[
( ) -
() -

} A. jd iksy dy v~K-v~K ih~isAW nUM nMbrvwr d~sxw hovy[

ijvyN :-
ivAwkrx dy iqMn Bwg hn :- :-

(1) vrx boD () 1.
(2) Sbd boD () 2.
(3) vwk boD [ () 3.

} e. jd nwtk iv~c kuJ Sbd lyKk v~lo ilKy jwx[

ijvyN :- kho (KuS ho ky) myrI pqnI Aw geI hY[
( ) ()
13. ibMdI = ....... () ( Dot)

} a. jdoN iemiqhwn dIAW ifgrIAW jW ^qwbW dw sMKyp rUp dyxw hovy [

( ) ijvyN:-
bI.ey. , AYm.ey. , AYm.bI.bI.eys. , B.A. , M.A. , M.B.B.S.
jdoN nMbr ilKxy hox :- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3.
Bw. sw. (BweI swihb) , fw. sw. (fwktr swihb)

161
 vwk boD ivAwkrx dw auh Bwg hY, ijs iv~c vwk rcnw, vwk vMf Aqy
ivSrwm icMnH Awid dw vrnx huMdw hY[

SbdW dy aus smUh nUM vwk ikhw jWdw hY, ijs qo pUrI g~l dI smJ Aw jwvy[

( ) ijvyN :-
suirMdr ny du~D pIqw[ =

vwk dy Bwg

vwk dy do mu~K Bwg huMdy hn :-

(1). ivSw (Subject Matter)
(2). vrnx - (Explanation)
(1). ivSw :- vwk iv~c ikirAw dy krqw jW ijs bwry ku~J AwiKAw
igAw hovy, aus nUM ivSw ikhw jWdw hY
ijvyN :-
hrI iek kmzor ividAwrQI hY[
=

(2). vrnx () :- vwk iv~c jo ku~J ivSy bwry AwiKAw

igAw hovy, aus nUM vrnx ikhw jWdw hY[
- -- kmzor
ividAwrQI vrnx hY[ =

162
 vwk dIAW iksmW
vwk dIAW iqMn iksmW huMdIAW hn[
:-
(1). sDwrn vwk (Simple Sentence)
(2). sMXukq vwk (Compound Sentence)
(3). imSirq vwk (Complex Sentence)
(1). sDwrn vwk (Simple Sentence)

ijhVy iekihry vwk iv~c kyvl ie~k hI ikirAw hovy, aus nUM sDwrn vwk kihMdy
hn[
ijvyN :-
jIqpwl ilKdI hY[
suirMdr pVHdw hY[
(2). sMXukq vwk (Compound Sentence)

auh vwk ijs iv~c do ADIn-aupvwk ADIn Xojnw nwl juVy hoey hox, auhnHW nUM
sMXukq vwk ikhw jWdw hY[ 2

ijvyN :-
aupwSnw qy sqnwm skIAW BYxW hn[

sMnI Kyf ky Gr clw igAw hY[

(3). imSrq vwk (Complex Sentence)

imSrq vwk aus nUM ikhw jWdw hY, ijs iv~c iek qW pRDwn vwk hovy qy bwkI
dy ku~J ADIn vwk hox[ 2


ijvyN :-

163
 suirMdr ny ikhw[ AsI k~lH Kyf nhIN sky ikauik grwaUNf iv~c pwxI sI[

vwk vtWdrw
(Transformation of Sentences)


iksy vwk dw ivAwkrixk rUp ies qrHW bdl dyxw ik ArQW iv~c koeI Prk
nw pvy, aus nUM vwk vtWdrw AwKdy hn[

ijvyN :-
qusI A^bwr pVogy[ (srl) ()
kI qusI A^bwr pVHogy ? ( pRSink) ?
? ()
iksmW : -
Bwv Anuswr vwk dIAW pMj iksmW hn[
5 :-
(1) srl vwk ( - Simple Sentence )
(2) pRSn vwck vwk (Interrogative Sentence )
(3) ivsimk vwk - ( Exclamatory Sentence )
(4) AwigAw jW ibnY vwck vwk
- (Imperative Sentence )
(5) ie~iCAw sUck vwk
- (Optative Sentence )

www.sikhnet.com

164
 (1) srl vwk ( - Simple Sentence )
srl vwk do qrHW dw huMdw hY :- hW vwck qy nWh vwck
:- ()
Assertive Negative ijvyN :-
1. mYN A~j skUl igAw[
2. mYN A~j skUl nhIN igAw[
(2) pRSn vwck (Interrogative Sentence )
pRSn vwck , auh vwk ijs iv~c pRSn pu~iCAw igAw hovy[ ieh do qrW dy hn[

ijvyN :-
1.
qusI ik~Qy rihMdy ho? = ?
2.
quhwnUM kOx nhIN jwxdw ? ? = ?
(3) ivsimk vwk - ( Exclamatory Sentence )
ijhVy vwk KuSI , gmI jW hYrwnI dw Bwv pRgt krn ivsimk vwk huMdy hn[

ijvyN :-
1. b~ly Eey Syrw ! kmwl kr id~qw[
= !
2. hwey ! ivcwrI bVI cMgI[ ! =
3. hYN ! ieMnHW sohxw pYn[ =
4.Awhw! ikMnw suMdr idRS hY[ ! = !
(4) AwigAw jW ibnY vwck vwk
- (Imperative Sentence )
ijhVy vwkW iv~c kMm krn dw hukm id~qw jwvy jW bynqI kIqI jwvy[

ijvyN :-

165
 1. sirMdr pwxI dw iglws ilAw[
-
2. idldwr ikrpw krky iek pwxI dw iglws lY Aw[

-
(5) ie~iCAw sUck vwk -
(Optative Sentence )
auh vwk jo iksy dy idl dI ie~Cw pRgt kry[
ijvyN :-
1. vwihgurU quhwnUM pu~qr dI dwq bKSy[ -
-
2. auh idn du~gxI qy rwq cOguxI au~nqI kry[ -

pRSink qoN sDwrx vwk

(From Interrogative to Affirmative)

pRSink vwk sDwrx vwk

1. quhwfI pVHweI dw kI hwl hY ? 1. AwpxI pVHweI dw hwl d~so[

?
2. quhwfy ipqw jI dw kI nW hY ? 2. Awpxy ipqw jI dw nw d~so[
?
?
3. ikhVw hY ijs nUM pYsw nhIN cwhIdw ? 3. pYsw sB nUM cwhIdw hY[

?
4. Awp jI dw SuB nwm kI hY ? 4. Awpxw SuB nwm d~so[
?
() ? ()

166
 pRSink vwk sDwrx vwk

5. jy qUM nW pVHygw qW swnUM kI ? 5. jy qUM nhIN pVHyNgw qW swnUM prvwh

nhIN[
?
6. ikhVw gulwm rihxw cwhuMdw hY ? 6. koeI vI gulwm nhIN rihxw cwhuMdw[
?
?
7. kI auh corI krn qoN nhIN frdw ? 7. auh corI krn qoN nhIN frdw[
?
?
8. Awpxy gurU nwl kOx DoKw kr skdw? 8.Awpxy gurU nwl koeI vI DoKw nhIN kr
? skdw[
?
9. qusI ik~Qy rihMdy ho ? 9. Awpxy Gr dw pqw d~so[
?
?
10. quhwfw kI hwl hY ? 10. Awpxw hwl cwl d~so[
?
() ?
11. A~j k~l grIb dw kOx hY ? 11. A~j k~l grIb dw koeI nhIN[
?
?

rYix gvweI soie kY idvsu gvwieAw Kwie ]

hIry jYsw jnmu hY kaufI bdly jwie ]

167
 nWh vwck qoN hW vwck
(From Negative to Assertive Sentence)
nWh vwck vwk
1. myrw koeI duSmx nhIN[
2. A~Cy b~cy JUT nhIN boldy[
3. jy imhnq nhIN krogy qW pws nhIN
hovogy[
4. QweI iksy dyS dw vYrI nhIN[
5. mYN aus nwlo qkVw nhIN[
6. aus nwlo cMgw gwxw iksy ny nhIN
gwieAw[
7. duSmx kdy im~qr nhIN bxdy[
8. auh iemwndwr lVkw nhIN[
hW vwck vwk
1. myry sB dosq hn[
2. A~Cy b~cy s~c boldy hn[
3. jy imhnq krogy qW pws hovogy[
4. QweI sB dySW dw im~qr hY[
5. mYN aus nwloN kmzor hW[
6. aus ny sB qo cMgw gwxw gwieAw [
7. duSmx sdw hI duSmx rihMdy hn[
8. auh byeImwn lVkw hY[
168
ivsimk vwkW qoN srl vwk
(From Exclamatory to Simple Sentence)

ivsimk vwk srl vwk

1. kwS ! mYN piVHAw huMdw[ 1.myrw idl cwhuMdw hY ik mYN vI piVHAw

! huMdw[
!
2. hwey ! myrw ku~J nhIN bixAw[ 2. APsos hY ik myrw ku~J vI nhIN
! bixAw[
!
3. A~j ! ikMnw sohxw idn hY[ 3. A~j bVw sohxw idn hY[
! - -
!
4. Awh ! mYN pws ho igAw hW[ 4. mYNnUM KuSI hY ik mYN pws ho igAw hW[
!
!
5. vwh ! ikMnI suMdr iemwrq hY[ 5. iemwrq bhuq sohxI hY[
! -
!
6. kwS ! mYN gulwb dw Pu~l huMdw[ 6.myrI ie~Cw hY ik mYN vI gulwb dw Pu~l
! huMdw[
!
7. hYN ! sirMdr pws ho igAw[ 7. mYN hYrwn hW ik suirMdr vI pws ho
! igAw hY[
!
8. Awhw ! AsIN mYc ij~q gey[ 8. AsIN KuS hW ik AsI mYc ij~q gey
! hW[
!

169
sDwrx vwkW qoN sMXukq vwk
(From Simple to Compound Sentence)
sDwrx vwk sMXukq vwk

1. quhwfI pVHweI dw kI hwl hY ? 1. AwpxI pVHweI dw hwl d~so[

?
2. quhwfy ipqw jI dw kI nW hY ? 2. quhwfy ipqw jI dw nw d~so[
?
?
3. ikhVw hY ijs nUM pYsw nhIN cwhIdw ? 3. pYsw sB nUM cwhIdw hY[

?
4. Awp jI dw SuB nwm kI hY ? 4. Awpxw SuB nwm d~so[
?
() ? ()
sDwrx vwkW qoN imSrq vwk
(From Simple to Complex Sentence)
sDwrx vwk imSrq vwk

1. quhwfI pVHweI dw kI hwl hY ? 1. AwpxI pVHweI dw hwl d~so[

?
2. quhwfy ipqw jI dw kI nW hY ? 2. quhwfy ipqw jI dw nw d~so[
?
?
3. ikhVw hY ijs nUM pYsw nhIN cwhIdw ? 3. pYsw sB nUM cwhIdw hY[

?
4. Awp jI dw SuB nwm kI hY ? 4. Awpxw SuB nwm d~so[
?
() ? ()
170
 Sbd-rcnw
()

:-
ipqw = pu~qr =

du~KI = ipAwrw =
Sbd rcnw dy do mu~K Bwg jW pRkwr huMdy hn[

1. mUl Sbd = ()
2. ricq Sbd =
1. mUl Sbd = () Aijhy Sbd huMdy hn ijhVy iksy hor
Sbd qoN nw bxn[
fr = pIV = Bu~K =
2. ricq Sbd = Aijhy Sbd huMdy hn ijhVy hor
SbdW qoN bxdy hn[
:-
infr = dunIAwdwr =
Bu~Kw =
ricq SbdW dy A~go 2 rUp huMdy hn[ = 2
smwsI Sbd Aqy auqpMn smwsI Sbd

()

171
 (a). smwsI Sbd - auh ricq Sbd ijhVy do jW do qoN vDIk SbdW smws jW
ivXog (myl jW joV) qoN bxdy hn, nUM smsI Sbd AwKdy hn[
=
ijvyN :-
hrmn ipAwrw hr + mn + ipAwrw =
hirjn hir + jn =
siqgur siq + gur ( -
) = (
- )
smwsI SbdW iv~c sbMDk jW Xojk ho jWdy hn Aqy joVnI ( - ) l~g jWdI
hY ijvyN =
- ijvyN :-
jgq-gurU - pRbMD-krqw - h~f-bIqI -

(A). auqpMn Sbd - auh ricq Sbd ijhVy mUl-Sbd nwl Agyqr (Prefix)
jW ipCyqr ( Suffix) jW dovy l~g ky bxn, nUM auqpn Sbd AwKdy hn[
=
Agyqr () (Prefix)
ipCyqr () ( Suffix) ijvyN :-
inrvYr inr + vYr =
( )
inrBau () inr + Bau =
( ) ()

m~ddgwr m~dd + gwr =
aupkwr aup + kwr =
KuSKbrI KuS + KbrI =
isrjnhwrw isrjn + hwrw =

172

3
} Agyqr ()
} ipCyqr ()
} Compounding

:-

Agyqr (Prefixes)

aun - aun- -
auxqwlI = thirty nine auxwsI = seventy nine
aux~qI = twenty nine ( )
auxMjw = forty nine

aup- -
aup -
aupnwm = nick name, alias
aup-inXm = sub-rule aup-vwk = clause
aup-pRDwn = vice president
aup-mMqrI = deputy minister
aup- -
aupkwr = favour auprwlw = effort
aupdyS = advice aupjwau = fertile

A- -
A- Akih - = unspeakable
Asih = unbearable AkQ = untold
Amr = immortal At~l = unavoidable
Amol = unvaluable Arog = healthy
ApivqR - = unsacred
173
 Ax - Ax- -
Axjwx = unfamiliar
Axmu~lw = invaluable AxDoqw = unwashed
AxsuixAw = unheard of AxpCwqw = unrecognized
AxpVH = illiterate Axigxq = innumerable
Axk~itAw = unharvested Axif~T = unseen

Ap - Ap- -
ApSgn = bad omen ApSbd = mean-
ingless word , Apmwn = insult, disrespect, comtempt
Apj~s = defamation, infamy

Av - Av- -
Avgq = known understood Avgux =
meaningless word , AvDUq = ascetic, fakir

s, sih - s, sih- -

spqnI = wife sPl = successful, effective
srUp = (
- ) appearance,handsome face,
sihkwrI = co-operative
sihsuBw = naturally, effortlessly
sihXog = cooperation, support

sihmq = agreed, consented, concur

sb, sr - sb, sr- -

sb-AYfItr = sub editor

sb-kmytI = sub commitee ,

174
srgux =
blessed with attributes, endowed with qualities

(
srgux
-
inrgux
)
srbMs = entire family (One who sacrifices ones all including
entire family.)

srbMs dwnI )
su - su- -
sul~Kxw = lucky sukrm = good actions ,
suAwgq = welcome , salute
sugMD = fragrance, perfume ,
supuq~r = good son suBwgw = fortunate ,

Swh - Swh - -
Swhsvwr = good rider Swhkwr =
master piece Swhrwh = () main highway

hm - hm - -

hmaumr = of the same age
hms&r, hmrwhI = fellow traveller
hmswieAw = neighbour
hmdrdI = sympathy, compassion

ku - ku- -
kum~q = ill-understanding
kuFMg = ill-manner kup~q = disgrace
kubu~D = evilmindedness kucwl = bad conduct
kusMg = bad company,
175
 km - km - -

kmzor = weak kmidl = weakminded
kmAklI = stupidness
kmKrc = thirfty

KuS - -
KuS -
KuS^brI = good news KuSnsIb - = fortunate , luckly
KuSbU = perfume, fragrance KuSidl = joyfull
KuSgvwr = delicious, pleasant

dur - dur - -

durgMD = bad smell durjn = bad person
durlB = rare durbu~D = evil minded
durbcn = abuses durbl = weak
dUr - -
dUr -
dUrbIn = telescope
dUrAMdyS = far sighted dUrdrSn = television
nw - -
nw -
nwcwr = helpless nwdwn = ignorant
nwpwk = impure , licentious
nwvwijb = unfair, unreasonable

inh,ins - inh, ins- -

inhPl = fruitless,unsuccessful

inSkwm = selfless
inhcl = motionless, steady
insicMq = carefree inh~Qw = without arms

176
inr - inr - -
inrBau = fearless, intrepid
inrvYr = amiable
inrdoS = innocent, not guilty
inrDn = poor, penniless
inrml = pure, clean
inrMkwr - = () the Formless One, God
inrmol = priceless, invaluable
inrws = hopeless, disappointed,
inrlyp = unattached, pure,disinterested
pr- -
pr - prdyS = foreign country
prnwrI = others woman prDn =
others property prlok = the other world
praupkwr - = an act performed for anothers good
prqwp = greatness, magestry
prsMn = pleased, glad, delighted

bd - bd - -
bdSkl = ugly, unsightly
bdSgxI = ill omen bdqmIz = rude, impolite
bdnwmI = bad or ill reputation
bdiksmq, bdnsIb = unfortunate, unluckly
by - -
by - bysurw = rhythmless
bysmJ = unintelligent byeImwn = dishonest
bymuK = contrary bygunwh = sinless
byGr = homeless byAwrwm = restless
bySumwr = counless
by&wiedw = sinless

177
mhw,mhW - mhw - -
mhwrwjw = king, emperor
mhwqmw = holyman, noble soul , saint
mhWpurK = great eminent mhwswgr = ocean
mhWblI = great warrior
mhwividAwlw = college, university
mhW prSwd = meat, the great food
lw - -
lw - lwjvwb - = having no answer,unrivalled
lwprvwh = careless , negligent
lwvwrs = heirless, orphan
lwcwr - = helpless, powerless

iv - iv - -
ivArQ = useless, meaningless
ivAwiKAw = description ivSwl = large, huge
ivswrnw = to forget, to neclect
ivAwpxw = to happen, occure, to come to pass
ivSyS = definite, distinctive
ivkwr - = evil, immoral act

ipCyqr (Suffixes)

-aU aU - -
kmwaU = earner,breadwinner
guAwaU = spendthrift, prodigal
KuAwaU = feeder,
ivkwaU = saleable, for sale

ivKwaU = display, show off

BVkwaU = provocative, inciting

178
 -Awau vrqwau = dealing, behaviour
PYlwau = spread , extension
dbwau = pressure, load, stress
Guswau = mislead, avoid
BlweI = having no answer
-AweI kmweI = earnings, achievement
juAweI = son in law
guirAweI = guruship
vifAweI = praise, compliment

-Aihrw iekihrw = single-layered,lean, thin

sunihrw - = golden
kCihrw - = shorts, small under wear
dupihrw - = noon, mid-day
^qrnwk = dangerous, unsafe
-Awk Srmnwk = shameful, dishonourable
cwlwk - = clever,smart, artful, cunning
qYrwk = swimmer
^qrwxI = woman of high caste
-AwxI TkrwxI = ( ) wife of Thakur
pMfqwxI - = wife of Pundit, woman of Pundit caste
ijTwxI - = wife of husbands elder brother, sister-in-law
igAwnI = scholar,learned
-AwnI ijsmwnI = - corporeal, material
juAwnI = youth
hYrwnI = astonishment, surprise, confusion
suinAwr - = goldsmith
-Awr cmqkwr = miracle, wonder
dwqwr = giver, generous
luhwr = blacksmith, ironsmith

-Awrw sicAwrw = faithful, true

suinAwrw = goldsmith
vxjwrw = trader, merchant, businessman

179
 -AwrI ipAwrI = beloved, darling
pujwrI = devotee, priest, worshipper
juAwrI = gambler
ilKwrI = writer, author
-Awl GiVAwl = bell, alligator
ipRqpwl = helpfull
ikrpwl = kind
idAwl = merciful
SrDwlU = follower
-AwlU ikRpwlU = helpfull, generous
JgVwlU = quarrelsome, disputer
idAwlU = mercifull
rukwvt = hindrance,stoppage
-Awvt imlwvt = blend, adulteration
Qkwvt = fatigue, exhaustion
sjwvt = decoration
suhwvxI = charming, pleasant
-AwvxI luBwvxI = delightful,attractive
mnBwvnI = mind pleasing, dear
shwiek = helper, supporter
-iek mwnisk = mental
AwriQk = economic
smwijk = societal,
rcnhwr - = creator
-hwr vsxhwr = inhabitable
qwrxhwr = saviour, redeemer, God
isrjnhwr = Creator, God
pVHnhwrw = learner,
-hwrw r~Kxhwrw = protector, keeper
l~kVhwrw = wood cutter
isrjnhwrw = Creator

180
 -hIx krmhIx = unluckly,ill fated, unfortunate
DnhIx = poor, no money
blhIx = powerless, weak
rUphIx = formless
AwigAwkwr = obedient
-kwr Swhkwr = master piece
klwkwr = artist, craftsman
nwvlkwr = novelist
SrimMdgI =
-gI shamefull
hYrwngI = astonishment, surprise
pRvwngI = request, acceptance
nwrwzgI = anger, displeasure, bitterness
gunwhgwr = criminal,culprit, offender
-gwr prvridgwr = the Almighty, God
Xwdgwr = memorial, souvenir, token
m~ddgwr = helper
lokwcwrI = custom, culturs
-cwrI lwcwrI = helplessness
kuVmwcwrI = relationship of in-laws
krmcwrI = worker, servant, official
Arogqw = health, haleness
-qw sMKypqw = briefness
suMdrqw = charm, beauty,prettiness
im~qrqw = freindly
mUrKqw = stupidity, foolishness
cOkIdwr = watchman, guard
-dwr pihrydwr = guard, porter
j~Qydwr = leader of a group
Tykydwr = contractor,
imhrbwn = gracious, kind,
-bwn drbwn = gate-keeper,watchman
bIAwbwn = wilderness, deserted place

181
 -mwn srbSkqImwn = powerful
byeImwn = dishonest, unreliable
bu~DImwn = scholar ,wise, intelligent
idStmwn - = visible, apparent
SrDwlU = devotee, believer
-lU ikrpwlU = generous, benevolent
idAwlU = merciful, beneficent
ipRqpwlU = helper, supporter
rukwvt = hindrance,stoppage
-vt imlwvt = blend, adulteration
Qkwvt = fatigue, exhaustion
sjwvt = decoration
guxvMq = skilful,talented
-vMq BwgvMq = fortunate
DnvMq = rich, wealthy
blvMq = forceful, stout, strong
soJIvwn = wise, knowledgeable
-vwn iv~dvwn = scholar,learned,intellectual
blvwn = strong, powerful
Dnvwn = rich, wealthy
sbzIvwlw = vegetable seller
-vwlw pwxIvwlw = water delivery man
du~Dvwlw = milkman
pwnvwlw = betel-leaf eater
Kwxvwlw = eater, consumer
iKfwvI = nurse,child takecarer
-vI qp~svI = ascetic, devotee
DwVvI = bundit, robber, plunderer
sMdUkVI = safe box
-VI gMFVI = baggage
CwbVI - = small basket
rKVI =
a wrist-band tied to brothers hand by sister
182
 Sbd auqpqI dy hor FMg



()

SbdwvlI (Vocabulary)

nwaNu ivSySx ikirAw

auswrI ausreIAw ausrnw
aucweI au~cw auicAwauxw
aujwV aujwVU aujwVnw
Atk AtkwaU Atkxw
soD suDirAw soDxw
hMkwr hMkwrI hMkwrnw
JgVw JgVwlU JgVnw
imlwp imlwpVw imlxw
ivkrI ivkwaU vycxw
bcwA bcwaU b~cxw
du~K du~KdweI du~Kxw
QkyvW QkwaU Qkxw
inMidAw inMdk inMdxw
ipAwr ipAwrw ipAwrnw
bol bVbolw bolxw
mMg mWgvW mMgxw
rMg rMgIlw rMgxw
lu~t lutyrw lu~txw
grmI grm grmwauxw
kmweI kmwaU kmwauxw-

183

= grm
grmI = ()
grmwauxw = ()
grm () = ( )

-
ikirAw nwaNu

auqrnw auqrweI
s~dxw s~dw
shwrnw shwrw
smJxw smJ
suxnw sot
hoxw hoNd
ktxw ktweI
kihxI khwvq
igxnw igxqI
gwauxw gIq
cIrnw icrweI
jpxw jwp
qolxw qolw
dOVnw dOV ()
dyxw dwn
d~sxw d~s
pu~txw - putweI
pkVxw pkV
iv~kxw iv~krI
vtwauxw vtWdrw -

184
ivSySx nwaNu

AwlsI Awls
AKIr AKIrI
AsUlI AsUl
iemwrqI iemwrq
sw& s&weI
sWJw sWJ
svwlI svwl
SrwbI Srwb
swQI swQ
swdw swdgI
sunihrI sonw
kwlw kwlK
kImqI kImq
kMjUsI kMjUs
K~tw KitAweI
grIb grIbI
kudrqI kudrq
KuS KuSI
igAwnI igAwn
qwkqvr qwkq
guxI gux
dysI dys
nklI nkl
in~qnymI inqnym
pyRmI pyRm
ividAk ividAw
ivhlw ivhl

185





(


)

English Words in Punjabi Language

A&sr officer ApIl appeal
AweIskRIm ice-cream Awi&s officer

AYkspYRs express eyjMt agent

ieMjn engine ieMjnIAr engineer
ieMtrivaU interview ieMspYktr inspector
skUtr scooter skUl school

styj stage stySn station

stor store stYNf stand

svYtr sweater sipMRg spring

srivs service swieMs science

slyt slate swiekl cycle

sIt seat isgnl signal

sUt suit sUtkys suit-case

sYNfivc sandwich so&w sofa

ieMnjInIAr sweIkl Awi&s isgnl

186
sofw soda sYNfl sandal
hspqwl hospital hwkI hockey

hwrn horn hwl hall

hostl hostel hotl hotel

kp cup kRIm cream

kwpI copy ikRkt cricket

kmytI committee kyk cake

kYmrw camera kot coat

gyt gate gol () goal (sport)

cY~k () cheque jj judge
tweIp type twier tyre

tYks tax itkt ticket, stamp

tYksI taxi tYins tennis
tYlI&on telephone tYlIgRwm telegram
fb~l double fRweIvr - driver
fwktr doctor fwierYktr director
ifgrI degree ifzwien design
fIautI duty nrs nurse
nktweI neck-tie noits notice
ptoRl - petrol plyt plate

plytPwrm platform pMp pump

pwrk park pwrsl parcel

pws pass pwsport passport
ipn pin pYnSn pension
puls police pwilS polish

tYlI&on kYmrw puls

tYins tYks
187
ipnsl pencil pYNn pen

pypr paper ipMRsIpl principal

postkwrf postcard pYRzIfYNt president
poR&Ysr professor &rnIcr furniture
&wrm form, farm &Is fees
&oto photo &yl fail
bYNk bank btn button

bks box sweIkl bicyle

ibskut biscuit ibl bill

brS brush bYNc bench

bot boat mYnyjr manager

mSIn machine mwstr master

mIt meat mnIAwfr money-order
mYc match mtn mutton

motr motor motrkwr motor-car

rijstr register rijstRI registration
rweI&l rifle irkwrf record

irport report ryfIE radio

ryl rail rYPRI referee

rysqrW restaurant rYst hwaUs resthouse
rof road nMbr number
lwiebyRrI - library ilst list
lIfr leader vrMt warrant
vwlI-bwl volley-ball vot vote

rYst hwaUs motrkwr bs pY~nisl

188
 ivroDI Sbd (Antonyms)
hryk bolI iv~c iek dUsry qoN ault jW ivroDI ArQ r~Kx vwly Sbd huMdy hn[
ijvyN :-
p~kw = k~cw =
AmIrI = grIbI =

auDwr - = credit nkd = cash, prompt payment

auTxw = stand up bYTxw = sit down

auqrnw = come down cVHnw = go up

audmI = dilligent AwlsI = lazy slow

aujwV = deserted v~so = habitation,
aUc = high nIc = low,
aupr = over , upon hyTw = under below
AsI = we qusI = you
AzwdI = - liberty gulwmI = slavery

Awdr = honoring inrwdr = insult, disrespect

Awid = origin AMq = last, end
Asl = origin, real nklI = immitaion
AglI = next ipClI = previous
AmIr = rich,wealthy grIb = poor
Awsqk = who trust in God
nwsqk = who dont trust in God
AwkV = offensive inmrqw = humble
Awpxw = ours, belong to us prwieAw = others
AMdr = inside bwhr = outside
nPrq - eIrKw = jealousy ipAwr = love
swQI = freind ivroDI = opposite
189
sw& = clean,pure gMdw = dirty, foul, bad
isAwxw = wise,intelligent inAwxw = childlike
is~Dw = straight,simple pu~Tw = opposite,wrong
su~KI = happy du~KI = sorrow
sMKyp = briefly ivsQwr = details
s~c = truth JUT = untruth, lie
swfw = ours quhwfw = yours

hwr = defeat ij~q = win, victory

hnyrw = darkness cwnx = brightness

hlwl = right,lawfull hrwm = unlawful

hMkwrI = arrogant inmwxw = humble
hOlw = light Bwrw = heavy

kuAwrI = virgin ivAwhI = married

h~sxw = laugh roxw = crying

hoS = consciousness byhoS = unconscious

kwlw = dark black gorw = white ,bright
kwhlw = fast quick DIrw = slow
kOVw = bitter im~Tw = sweet

Kwrw = credit im~Tw = sweet

Krw = real Kotw = immitaion

KwlI = emty BirAw - = full

ig~lw = wet
su~kw = dry

190
aupr = Q~ly = h~sxw = laugh,smile
on, above under,below roxw = crying

K~tw = bitter im~Tw = sweet

gurU = master teacher cylw = student pupil

grmI = hot, heat srdI = cool
koml = soft kur~Kq = hard, rigid
gMdw = dirty swP = clean

grIb = poor AmIr = rich

gupq = credit pRgt = visible, appeat

gUVw = dark,strong iP~kw,m~Dm = light
gux = quality AOgux = no quality

G~t = less,short v~D = over, more

cVHweI = upwards, rise auqrweI = downward,slope

cVHdw = rising, east lihMdw = declining,west
ic~tw = white, clean kwlw = black, dark
cMgw = good mwVw = bad

cMigAweI = goodness buirAweI = badness

Cotw = small, little v~fw = big, large

jMg = war SWqI = peace

jnm = birth mOq = death
JUT = liar s~c = truth
tu~tw = broken swbq = completed
TMfw = cold q~qw = hot

191
 TMfw = cold qyz = fast K~bw = left
grm = hot hOlI = slow s~jw = right
T~g = swindler swDU = saint
fwkU = credit sMq = priest,monk
fr = afraid in~fr = brave
if~gxw = fall down auTxw = stand up

QoVw = small few bhuqw/coKw / = more

dwqw - = giver, doner mMgqw/iBKwrI = begger
dUr = far nyVy = near

idn = day rwq = night

dysI = native prdysI = foreigner
DrqI = earth AkwS = sky

Du~p = sun light CW = shade

nOkr - = servant mwlk = master

nkl = copy Asl = real

nrk = hell suArg = heaven,paradise
inrml = clear clean mYlw = dirty
in~kw = small v~fw = large, big
p~kw = sound, solid, ripe k~cw = raw,unripe,crude
bhwdr = brave kwier = coward

burw = bad Blw = good, noble

Xwr = freind duSmx = enemy

192
 smwnwrQk Sbd
(Synonyms)
v~K-v~K srUp vwly ArQwq v~K-v~K DuxI-bxqr vwly auh Sbd dy brwbr dy
ArQwq smwn ArQ pRgt krn auhnW nUM smwnwrQk Sbd ikhw jWdw hY[


= pwxI ,
jl, nIr
Awm vrqoN iv~c pIx leI vrqI jWdI vsqU pwxI AKvwauNdI hY pr iksy
Dwrmk mOky au~qy ausy vsqU nUM jl AwiKAw jWdw hY Aqy cldy jW vgdy pwxI nUM
nIr AwKdy hn[
= pwxI
= jl
= nIr

193

dosq, im~qr, Xwr, bylI - du~K pey qoN swry swQ C~f jWdy hn[
-

dosq = , im~qr = , Xwr = , bylI =


qUM kwhdw AmIr hYN, kwhdw DMnvwn hYN, kwhdw DnwF hYN,
, ,

kwhdw dOlqmMd hYN, - pYsy leI qyrI Bu~K qW idno-idn v~D rhI hY [
, - -
-
AmIr = , DMnvwn = ,
DnwF = , dOlqmMd =


hyTW kuJ coxvyN smwnwrQk Sbd vMngI vjoN id~qy jWdy hn

ausqq , pRsMsw , aupmw , vifAweI
=
ausqwd , mwstr , AiDAwpk , mwihr
=
aujwlw , pRkwS , cwnx , roSnI
=
au~qm , cMgw , vDIAw , sRyST
=
audws , iPkrmMd , inrwS , pRySwn
=
aupkwr , Blw , nykI , cMigAweI
=

194
 Akl , bu~DI , isAwxp , smJ
=

AnwQ , byshwrw - , XqIm , =
ArMB , SurU , mu~F , Awid mUl
=
AwzwdI , suqMqrqw , svwDInqw , mukqI
=
Awdr , siqkwr , mwx , ie~jq
=
iesqrI , AOrq , znwnI , nwrI
=
iekrwr , vwiedw , vcn , pRiqigAw , pRx
=
ienswn , bMdw , mnu~K , mwnv , mrd
=
suMdr , sohxw , mnohr , KUbsUrq
=
huiSAwr , clwk , cqur , sujwn
=
Krwb , mwVw , BYVw , burw
=
KuSI , AwnMd , pRsMnqw , mOj - , suKI
=
gu~sw , kRoD , nrwzgI , kihr ,
=
izMdgI - , jIvn , ijMd , pRwx , jwn
=
qwkq , bl , zor , SkqI , smr~Qw
=
bhwdr , sUrmw , blvwn , virAwm
=
vsqr , k~pVy , pihrwvw , puSwk ,
=
195
 smwn-aucwrn Sbd
- (Homonyms)

smwn-aucwrn Sbd - =


:-
au~gI = grow au~GI = famous, popular
au~nqI = progress aun~qI = twenty nine,
A~g = fire AMg = body part
Aqr = perfume AMqr = difference
AsIN = we A~sI = eighty
sMgxw = shy sMGxw = thick/dense,
sMg = company sMG = throat
g G
g G
srb~q = all/entire Srbq = sweet drink
sdw = always s~dw = invitation
smw = absorbed smW = time

swfy = ours swFy = half past

isMg = horn isMG = Singh/lion

syr = .. two pound weight Syr = lion

sO = hundred sON = sleep

htI = stop h~tI = shop

k~t = cut G~t = / less
kr = do kwr = car

kr ky = after doing krky = due to

kul = generation ku~l = / total
KMBw = pillar K~bw = left

196
Kwxw = / food Kwnw = compartment
gw = sing gW = cow

gwxw = / song gwnw = coloured string

Gtxw = decrease Gtnw = incident
cwh = tea cwA = / pleasure/desire
ic~TI = letter ic~tI = white

C~lW = waves C~lw = ring

jwx = know jwn = life

jgw = awake jgHw = place

fr = fear dr = door

qkVI = strong q~kVI = weighing scale

qwlI = small lock QwlI = plate

ds = ten d~s = tell

nw = / no/dont nW = - name
pr = / but/wings pVH = study/read
pkw = to cook p~kw = firm/definite
pqw = address p~qw = leaf

pRSn = question pRsMn = happy

pIV = pain BIV = crowd

pVHdw = study prdw = curtain

bdl = exchange b~dl = cloud

mn = mind mMn = agree

mukw = finish mu~kw = punch/fist

rsw = juice r~sw = rope

lV ky = after fighting lVky = boys

vMf = distribute v~F = cut

v~fI = edler /bigger v~FI = bribe

197
 bhuqy SbdW leI iek Sbd

= Awsq~k -
= nwsq~k -
= AikRqGx -
= AKMfpwT -
= sihj pwT -
= praupkwrI -
= ivdvwn
= kMjUs
= suinAwrw
= A~fw
= AxhoxI
= AMqrjwmI -
= igAwnI
= inrvYr
= AidRSt -
= srb ivAwpk -
= hwzr-nwzr -
= cVHdIAW klw
= Ak~Q
= AwkI
= AnMdkwrj -
= ABu~l
- = Bu~lxhwr
= Amwnq
198
 = Awqm-Gwq -
= gurmu~K
( - -)
- = mnmu~K
= AOV, sokw
= brswq, JVI /
= AwpbIqI
= j~g-bIqI -
= audwric~q
= mUrdwGwq / SmSwn Gwt /
= K~&x
(-) = kuAwrw/kuAwrI /
() = rMfw
() = rMfI, ivDvw /
= suhwgx
= Cu~tV
= sqI
() = sOkx
= AOqrw/AOqrI /
() = jOVy
= plyTx
() = XqIm
= hrmn-ipAwrw -
= hrdoKI
= hwxI
= KMfn

199
 = mMfx
= KudmuKiqAwr -
() = g~dwr -
= GisAwrw
= ^wnwjMgI -
= G~lUGwrw
() = cONk/cursqw /
= CWgw
() = lok-rwj -
= mwieAwDwrI -
() = srbsMmqI
= pMjwbI
= pMjwbx
() = mW-bolI -
() = AMnHw
= kwxw
-- = ShId
() = jnwnVw/^usrw /
() = gMjw
= mwswhwrI
() = SwkwhwrI/vYSnUM /
() = bzurg
() = vsIAq
() = cupwieAw
() = dupwieAw
= v~FI Kor -
() = cupwieAw
() = dupwieAw
200
 bhu-ArQk Sbd
( Multi-Meaning Words)
pirBwS :- bhu-ArQk Sbd Aijhy Sbd nUM AwiKAw jWdw hY ijnHW dy mUl
ArQ ie~k qo vDIk hox Aqy vrqoN iv~c Awaux smyN ienHW dy rUp iv~c qbdIlI
nw hovy[ : -

: ()
()
() ijvyN :-
aultI 1.) hrpRIq ny fYks auqy hI aultI kr id~qI[

aultI =
2.) iek qW mYN qyrI shwieqw kIqI, aultI qUM myrI byie~jq kIqI hY[


aultI = -
3.) isAwxy b~cy ny kdy vI mW-ipau dI g~l nhIN aultI[
-
()-
aultI = -

au~cw 1.) ieh phwV bwkIAW nwlo au~cw hY[

au~cw =
2.) au~cy Awcrx vwly lok jIvn iv~c s&l huMdy hn[

()
au~cw = ()
3.) suirMdr nUM au~cw suxdw hY[
= () ()
au~cw = ()
201
 4.) hrmIq jgjIq nwlo kwPI au~cw hY [
= ()
au~cw =

au~qr = ()
au~qr =
au~qr = au~qr = ()
au~qr = ()
au~qr au~qr = ()

1.) ihmwlw prb~q Bwrq dy au~qr v~l hY [

=
au~qr = ()
2.) qusW ies pRSn dw au~qr TIk nhIN iliKAw[
=
au~qr =
3.) cubwry qoN a~uqr ky auh is~Dw rsoeI Gr iv~c igAw[
=
au~qr = ()
4.) bwrSW G~t hox krky KUhW dw pwxI Q~ly auqr igAw hY[


au~qr = ()
5.) suirMdr dw gofw au~qr igAw hY[
= ()
au~qr = ()

1.) ies mkwn dw A~gw qW KulHw hY pr ipCw sOVw hY[

A~gw
=
A~gw = ()

202
2.) Drmwqmw lok nwm-ismrn krky Awpxw A~gw suAwrdy hn[
-
()
A~gw =
3.) ivdvwn mnu~K A~gw-ip~Cw ivcwr ky g~l krdy hn[
-

A~gw =
4.) mhWvIr dy ieklOqy pu~qr dI mOq nwl aus dw A~gw mwirAw igAw hY[


A~gw = -

1.) nyqw dw suAwgq Pu~lW dy hwr pw ky kIqw igAw [

hwr

hwr =
2.) aus dw sony dw hwr guMm igAw hY[

hwr =
3.) swnUM AwlsIAW hwr kMm nhIN krnw cwhIdw[

hwr =
4.) Bwrq ikRkt dw mYc hwr igAw hY[

hwr =

k~cw 1.) aumr dw k~cw hox krky auh ZlqI kr irhw hY[
=
k~cw = ()
2.) k~cw ivAkqI kdI vI vwAdw pUrw nhIN krdw[
=
k~cw =
203
3.) sMqrw A~jy k~cw hY, pikAw nhIN[
=
k~cw = ()
4.) Axif~T pYry dw pRSn pihlw k~cw krnw cwhIdw hY iPr p~kw[


k~cw = ()

K~tI 1.) qUM kI K~tI kmweI kIqI hY[

=
K~tI =
2.) ies syb dw suAwd K~tw hY[
=
K~tw =
3.) aus nUM K~tI kmIz bVI s~jdI hY[
=
K~tI = ()
4.) K~tI dy bUty qoN kuJ K~tIAW lwh ilAwau[
=
K~tI =

GVI 1.) quhwfI GVI qy kI smw hoieAw hY[

=
GVI =
2.) GVI dw pwxI bVw TMfw hY[
=
GVI =
3.) ieh swizS iks ny GVI hY[
=
GVI = ()

204
 4.) auh GVI sul~KxI hovygI , jdo auh Gr Aweygw [
=
GVI = ()
joV = ()
joV =
joV = joV = ()
joV = ()
joV joV =
1.) A~j k~l ividAwrQI Sbd joV TIk nhIN ilKdy[
=
joV = ()
2.) pYsy joVnw cMgI Awdq hY[
=
joV =
3.) pqI pqnI dw cMgw joV juiVAw hY[
= () ()
joV = ()
4.) auh h~Q joV ky nmsqy krdw hY[
=
joV = ()
5.) rogI dw joV joV du~Kdw hY[
= ()
joV =

Dwr 1.) pul dy nyVy pwxI dI Dwr bhuq qyz hY[

=
Dwr = ()
3.) mhWpurK Avqwr Dwr ky lukweI dw Blw krdy hn[
=
Dwr = ()

205
 3.) aus ny Awpxy iemiqhwn pws krn dI p~kI Dwr leI hY[

=
Dwr = ()
4.) drvySI dy rsqy qy qurnw KMfy dI Dwr qy qurnw hY[


Dwr = ()
5.) mnjIq m~J dI Dwr k~F rhI hY[
= ()
Dwr = ()
p~kw 1.) p~kw mkwn bxwauxw sOKw nhIN[
=
p~kw =
2.) p~kw &~l Kwxw ishq leI cMgw huMdw hY[
=
p~kw = ()
3.) aus dI p~g dw rMg bVw p~kw hY[
=
p~kw = ()
4.) aus dw p~kw QW itkwxw ilKwE[
=
p~kw = ()
5.) aus dw PoVw p~k igAw hY[
=
p~kw = ()
Pu~l 1.) gulwb dy Pu~l bVy suMdr lgdy hn[
=
Pu~l =

206
 2.) is~K imrqkw dy Pu~l kIrqpur swihb pRvwh krdy hn[

= ()
Pu~l =
3.) suirMdr dw srIr Pu~l igAw hY[
= () ()
Pu~l =
4.) Pu~l-goBI dI sbzI bVI suAwdI bxdI hY[
- =
Pu~l-gobI - =

v~t 1.) CotI motI g~l qy mUMh nhIN v~t lYxw cwhIdw[
=
v~t = ()
2.) A~j bVw v~t hY, hvw nhIN cldI[
=
v~t = ()
3.) myrI kmIz suirMdr nwl v~t geI hY[
=
v~t =
4.) SwmU ny rwmU nUM v~t ky mu~kw mwirAw[
=
v~t =
5.) A~j qusIN ikqnI rkm v~t leI hY[
=
v~t = ()

207
 vwk-AMS, muhwvry Aqy AKwxW dI mh~qqw -
() --

- :- -
- -
- - -
- -
- :- -
- - - -
- - - - -
- :- -
- -
- -
- :- - -
- - - - -
- - -

208
vwk-AMS (Phrases) :-
vwk-AMS (vwkWS jW vwkMS) qo Bwv hY vwk dw ie~k ihsw[ vwk-AMS do
prkwr huMdy hn :- -
:-
1). sDwrx vwk-AMS -
2). muhwvrydwr vwk-AMS - -

1). sDwrx vwkWS ( Simple Phrase) :- Aijhy vwk-AMS ijhVw
Awpxy SbdI ArQW iv~c vriqAw jwvy Aqy aus iv~co koeI ivSyS Bwv ArQ nw
inkldw hovy :
Arwm krnw Du~p sykxI
bwhr jwxw ieSnwn krnw
sYr krnw Awid[
2). muhwvrydwr-vwkMS - - ( Ideomatic Phrase) Aijhy vwk-
AMS ijs dy SbdIArQW qoN ibnw hor fUMGy Bwv-ArQ vI inkldy hox[ iksy
jIvMq-BwSw iv~c Aijhy vwkMSW dI bVI mhwnqw huMdI hY [

audwhrx leI kuJ Sbd AMikq hn :-

ie~t GVy dw vYr = bhuq fUMGw vYr
p~Qr-c~t = bhuq lwlcI
aU~lU dw p~Tw = mUrK , bysmJ
ieh bolI iv~c muhwvry vWg hI vrqy jWdy hn[
vwk-AMS dy inmn ilKq l~Cx huMdy :-
iksy vwk dy ie~k ih~sy vwk-AMS AwiKAw jWdw hY[

vwk-AMS dI vrqo SbdI nhIN sgoN Bwv-ArQW iv~c huMdI hY[

209
 Bwv BwvyN swDwrx, imSirq jW sMXukq iksm dw hovy, vwk-AMSW nUM iek
vwr hI vrqnw cwhIdw hY[

vwk-AMS dw AMq BwvwrQ kwrdMqk nhIN huMdw [

vwk-AMS keI rUpW iv~c vrqy jWdy hn[

vwk-AMSW dI vrqoN dIAW audwhrxW :-
1. au~lU dw p~Tw = mUrK, bysmJ
ijhVy smyN isr imhnq nhIN krdy auh au~lU dw p~Tw AKvwauNdy hn[
-
2. au~nI ie~kI dw Prk = bhuq QoVHw AMqr
( = )
rwm Aqy Swm dI ishq iv~c kyvl au~nI ie~kI dw Prk hY [
()
aUt ptWg = PjUl bolxw
au~lU isDw krnw = suAwrQI hoxw
au~lU dw p~Tw = mUrK , bysmJ
A~K lgxI = sO jWxw
A~K nw lwauxI = aunINdy rihxw ()
Akl dw AMnHw = mUrK
A~KW dw nUr = bhuq ipAwrw
Awty iv~c lUx = G~t igxqI ()
eId dw cMd = dyr bwd imlxw
sq-ibgwnw = Eprw
isAwpy dI jVH = Pswd dI jVH
isr m~Qy qy = KuSI nwl mMnxw
h~fIAW dI mu~T = kmzor
ih~k dy D~ky = jor nwl
mn dw Kotw = burw ivAkqI
mn dw mYlw = BYVI nIXq vwlw
210


:-
Akl dw AMnHw
-
h~fIAW dI mu~T

eId dw cMd

icVHIAw dw du~D
()
( )
tky vrgw jvwb = korw jvwb
f~kw-f~k - = pUrw BirAw hoieAw ()
CWeI mWeI = gwieb hoxw ()
icVHIAw dw du~D = Al~B vsqU
iGau-iKcVI - = iekimk hoxw
dirAw idl = by-pRvwh
dyKw dyKI = rIs krnI
D~ky SwhI = zorzbrI
DrmI pu~qr = nyk mnu~K ()
DMnBwg = KuS iksmqI
nmk hrwm = vswhGwqI
nWrd munI = cuglKor
pIrw dw pIr = bhuq clwk
p~Qr qy lkIr - = p~kI g~l
bglw Bgq = pwKMfI
BMg dy BwVy = AjweI guAwauxw
Bu~lw-BtikAw = kurwhy ipAw hoieAw

211
Bolw Bwlw = is~Dw-swDw
im~tI dw mwDo = mUrK
r~b dI rzw = Bwxw
lwlW dw lwl = bhuq kImqI
lwlW dw mu~l = bhuq kImqI
l~lUpMjU = hr ie~k-jxw Kxw
lweI l~g = iksy dy AwKy l~gx vwlw
lMgotI dy Xwr = bcpx dy dosq, p~ky im~qr
lohy dy cxy = AOKw kMm
vwh-lgdy = ijQoN qk ho sky

muhwvry - (Idioms)
-
iksy kOm dI bolI dy aus Sbd smUh nUM muhwvrw AwKdy hn ijs dw SbdI ArQ
hor hovy Aqy Bwv-ArQ hor inkldw hovy[
-

muhwvry iksy BwSw dI AmIr-ivrwsq huMdy hn[ - -

muhwvry dw AMqlw pRBwv bVw qIKx, qurMq Aqy is~Dw huMdw hY[ -
- -
muhwvry dw AMqlw Sbd BwvrQ kwrdMqk
( Infinitive Participle) huMdw hY[ -
-
AMqly Sbd Dwq dy AMq iv~c xw , nw , xI jW nI vDw ky
iliKAw igAw huMdw hY[
:-
A~KW ivKwauxw , h~Q qMg hoxw
, A~g lwauxI ,
212
 muhwvry dI vrqo hr pRkwr dy vwk iv~c ho skdI hY[ -
-
muhwvry dy iqMn pRmu~K l~Cx ies prkwr hn :- -
-
1. muhwvry dw AMqlw Sbd BwvwrQ kwrdMqk huMdw hY[ -

2. ikirAw dI qbdIlI smy DwqU nhIN bdldI[
()
3. muhwvry nUM ieko vwk iv~c vrqxw cwhIdw hY[ -

- 500
100

muhwvry -
(a) 1. ausqwdI krnI - (clwkI krnI) ()
suirMdr bVw clwk AwdmI hY[ auh hr ie~k nwl ausqwdI krky Awpxw kMm
k~F lYNdw hY[
()

2. auNgl krnI - (doS dyxw) ( - )

swnUM ibnw smJy iksy Bly purS v~l auNgl nhIN krnI cwhIdI [

()
3. au~nI ie~kI dw &rk hoxw - (bhuq G~t &rk hoxw)
( - - )
rwm Aqy Swm dy suBwA iv~c kyvl au~nI ie~kI dw &rk hY [

()
:

213
 4. auNglW qy ncwauxw - (v~s iv~c rKxw) ()
AmrIkw A~Pkwinsqwn nUM auNglW qy ncw irhw hY [
()
5. aultI gNgw vhwauxI - (mirAwdw qoVnI) (-
- - )
ipqw dy swhmxy au~cw nINvw bol ky suirMdr ny aultI gMgw vhw id~qI hY [

6. aUt ptWg bolxw - (PzUl bolxw)

7. auKlI iv~c isr dyxw -(Awp musIbq shyVnI)
(A) 8. Asmwn dy qwry qoVnw - (bhuq cqr bxnw)
( - )
rwjbIr vyKx nUM Bolw Bwlw l~gdw hY, auNj qW Asmwn dy qwry qoVdw hY [


9. Akl qy prdw pYxw - (m~q mwrI jwxI)
( - )
aus dI Akl qy KOry kI prdw pY igAw hY, hr vyly iKiJAw rihMdw hY[


10. A~KW au~pr ibTwauxw - (bhuq Awdr krnw)
( - ())
pMjwbI lok Gr Awey mihmwn nUM A~KW qy ibTwauNdy hn[

11. A~KW mIt jwxw - (mr jwxw) ( )

12. Awty iv~c lUx - (bhuq G~t igxqI) ( )
13.Asmwn isr qy cu~kxw-(Sor mcwauxw) (-)
14. Awpxy pYrI Awp hI kuhwVw mwrnw - (Awpxw nukswn Awp hI krnw)
( )
15. A~g dy BwA -(bhuq mihMgw) (- )

214
 16. A~KW iv~c G~tw pwauxw - (DoKw dyxw) ()
17. A~KW mIt C~fxw - (Axif~Tw krnw) ( -
)
18. A~KW Br lYxIAW - (AQrU Awauxy) ( - )
19.A~KW Pyr lYxIAW-(im~qrqw C~f dyxI) ()
20. A~g l~gI qy KUh pu~txw -(loV pYx qy kMm SurU krnw)
( - )
21. Awpxw kIqw pwauxw -( Awpxy mwVy kMmW dw Pl Bogxw )
( - )
22. Awpw guAwauxw -(hMkwr iqAwg dyxW) ()
Awpw guAw ky hI iksy dw id~l ij~iqAw jw skdw hY [

(e) 23. ie~k A~K nwl vyKxw - (sB nUM brwbr smJxw)
( - )
mhwpurK sB nUM iek A~K nwl vyKdy hn [

24. iek imk ho jwxw - (rc imc jwxw) ()

b~cy lV ky iPr iek imk ho jWdy hn[

25. ie~t nwl ie~t KVkwauxI - (qbwhI mcwauxI)
( - )
bMdw bhwdr ny srhMd dI ie~t nwl ie~t KVkw id~qI sI[

() ()
26. ie~t ku~qy dw vYr - (p~kw vYr) ()
27. eId dw cMd hoxw - (bhuq icr bwAd imlxw)
( - )
28.ie~t cu~kdy nUM p~Qr cukxw - (v~D cVH ky bdlw lYxw)
( - )

215
(s) 29. isr su~txw-(ihMmq hwrxW) ( -)
isr su~t dyx nwl muSklW h~l nhIN huMdIAW, imhnq nwl huMdIAW hn[
-

30. isr Kwxw - (qMg krnw) ()
SrwrqI b~cy mWipAW dw isr Kw jWdy hn[

31. isr muMnxw - (T~g lYxw) ( - )
swDUAW dy Bys iv~c cor aus dw isr muMn gey[

32. isroN nMgI hoxw - (ivDvw hoxw) ()
jMg iv~c hzwrW AOrqW isroN nMgIAW ho jWdIAW hn[


33. isr qy h~Q Drnw-(Awsrw dyxw) ( - )
34.isr qoN swieAw auT jwxW-(bzurgW dI mOq ho jWxI)
( - )
35. isr qlI qy Drnw - (kurbwnI dyxI) ( - )
36.isr dI bwzI lgwauxI -(mOq dI prvwh nw krnI)
( )
37. su~K dI nId sOxw - (inSicMq ho jwxw) ( )
38. sony dI lMkw bxwauxI -(bhuq Dn ie~kTw krnw)
( - )

(h) 39. h~Q pYr mwrnw - (koiSS krnw) ()

rwjpwl ny nOkrI leI bhuq h~Q pYr mwry pr aus dw kMm nhIN bx sikAw[
-

40. h~Q vtwauxw - (mdd krnw) ()
skUloN jw ky suirMdr dukwn au~qy Awpxy ipqw jI dw h~Q vtwauNdw hY [

216
 41. h~Q qMg hoxw - (ZrIbI hoxI) ()
A~j k~l iemwndwr mulwzm dw h~Q qMg hI rihMdw hY[
-

42. h~QW dy qoqy au~fxw - (Gbrw jwxw) ()

43. h~Q dw su~cw hoxw-(iemwndwr) (- )

(k) 44. kMn Brny-(cuZlI krnI) ( - )

s~s hr vyly nUMh dy ivru~D pu~qr dy kMn BrdI rihMdI hY[

45. ku~qy dI mOq mrnw - (BYVI mOq mrnw) ()
smwj ivroDI lok ku~qy dI mOq mrdy hn[
( - )
46. kMnW nUM h~Q lwauxw - (qobw krnI) ()
cor nUM puils ny AYsw kutwpw cwiVHAw ik auh A~gy qoN corI krn qoN kMnW nUM h~Q lw
ilAw[

47. ksr KwxI - (nukswn hoxw) ()
48. kbrW dy murdy putxw - (Kqm hoieAW g~lW nUM muV PyVnw)
()
49. krnI BrnI - (kIqy dI szw pwauxI) ()

(K) 50. KUn sPYd hoxw -(ipAwr nw rihxw) ()

A~j k~l lokW dw KUn sPYd ho igAw hY[

51. KUh pu~txw - (ibpqw KVI krnI) ()

pwiksqwn BwrqI srh~dW au~pr golI bwrI kr ky Awpxy leI KUh pu~t irhw hY[


52. KyrUM-KyrUM hoxw - (eykqw nw rihxI) ()
53. KVI mwlI mwrnw - (ibnw imhnq Pl pRwpq krnw)
()

217
(g) 54. gl ipAw Fol vjwauxw - (AxcwihAw kMm krnw)
() myrw ieh kMm krn nUM idl nhIN cwhuMdw pr gl
ipAw Fol vjw irhw hW[
-
55. g~l TMfI pYxI - (Bu~l Bulw jwxw) ()
jdoN koeI g~l TMfI pY jwvy ausnUM dubwrw nhIN CyVnw cwhIdw[

56. gu~fI cVHnI - (mShUr hoxw) ( )
57. gl dw hwr bxnw - (bhuq ipAwr hoxw) ()
58. gl nwl lwauxw - (Awsrw dyxw) (- )
59. g~l iv~c p~lw pwauxw - (inmrqw Dwrn krnI)
()

(G) 60. iGE iKcVI hoxw -(iek imk hoxw) ()

61. Gr PUk qmwSw vyKxw - (Awpxw nukswn Awp krky KuS hoxw)
()
63. Gty kOfIAW rlwauxw - (g~l eyvy guAw dyxI)
()
64. GoVy vyc ky sOxw - (inSicq ho jwxw) ()
65. iGE dy dIvy bwlxw - (KuSI mnwauxw) ()

(c) 66. cWdI dI ju~qI mwrnI -(irSvq dyxI) ( -

) A~j k~l srkwrI d&qrW iv~c cWdI dI ju~qI mwry ibnW koeI
kMm nhIN huMdw[

67. cwdr pwauxI - (ivDvw AOrq nwl ivAwh krnw)
()
68. cMn cwVHxw - (kMm Krwb krnw) ()
69. cwdr vyK ky pYr pswrny - (Awmdn Anuswr Krc krnw)
()
70. cVHweI kr jwxw - (mr jwxw) ( )

218
(C) 71. iC~l lwhuxw - (KUb lu~txw) ( )
jy gwhk soJI vwlw nw hovy qW dukwndwr cMgI iC~l lwh skdw hY[

() ()
72. Cwpw mwrnw - (AcncyqI q&qIS krnI)
()
73. C~pr pwV ky dyxw - (iek dm AmIr hoxw)
( -)
74. CwqI qy p~Qr r~Kxw - (du~K sihxw) ()
75. iC~qr Kwxy - (byie~zqI krvwauxw) ( -)

(j) 76. jwn iv~c jwn Awauxw -(hONslw b~Jxw)

(-) aus dy AYksIfYNt ivco shI slwmq b~c jwx dI Kbr sux
ky myrI jwn iv~c jwn Aw geI[

77. jbwn Pyr lYxw - (mukr jwxw) ()
78. zKmW qy lUx iCVkxw - (du~KI nUM hor du~KI krnw)
( - )
79. zbwn krnI - (iekrwr krnw) ()
80. zbwn nUM lZwm dyxw - (cu~p krwauxw) ( )

(J) 81. JUT dy phwV auswrny -(korw JUT bolxw)

() kuljIq qW JUT dy phwV auswrn vwlw hY , aus qy XkIn
nw kro[

82. J~K mwrnw - (smW guAw dyxw) ()
83. J~g C~fxI - (gu~sy iv~c Awauxw) ()
84. JMfw g~fxw - (fyrw jmwauxw) ( )
85. JolI s~KxI rihxI -(AOlwd nw hoxI) ()
86. Ju~gw cOV hoxw -(qbwh hoxw) ( )

219
(t) 87. tukiVAW qy plxw -(mMg-mMg ky smW gujwrxW)
() ibgwny tukiVAW qy ikMnw icr pilAW jw skdw hY,
AwKr Awp hI imhnq krky rozI kmwauxI pYNdI hY[


88. t~kr lYxI - (mukwblw krnW) ()
89. t~ky vrgw jvwb dyxw - (swP nwh krnI)
( - )
90. t~ut ky pYxw - (Acwnk hmlw krnw) ()
91. tMg AVwauxI - (dKl dyxw) ( )

(T) 92. Tok vjw ky vyKxw -(cMgI qrHW pr^ kr lYxI)

() skUtr lYx l~gy mYN pihlW hI Tok vjw ky vyK ilAw
sI[

93. TMFy du~D nUM PUkW mwrnIAW - (hMkwry jwxw, n^ry krnw)
( - )

(f) 94. fMfy vjwauxy -(ivhly iPrny) () rwm

isMG dy muMfy swrw idn fMfy vjwauNdy iPrdy hn [

95. fu~b mrnw - (SrimMdw hoxw) ()

(F) 96. iF~f iv~c cUhy n~cxy -(bhuq Bu~K l~gxI) (

- ) hux qW iF~f iv~c cUhy vI n~cx l~gH pey
hn ies leI kuJ Kwx-pIx dw pRbMD kro
-
97. iF~f nUM gMF dyxI - (kMjUsI krnI) (-)
98. F~Ty KUh iv~c pYxw - (brbwd hoxw) ( )

(q) 99. q~qI vw nw l~gxI -(rqw vI nukswn nw hoxw)

( ) mW ny pu~qr nUM AsIs id~qI , s&r
iv~c qYnUM q~qI vw nw l~gy [

220
100. iql Drn nUM QW nw hoxw - (bhuq BIV hoxw)
( - )
101. qIr kmwnoN inklxw - (mwmlw h~QoN inkl jwxW)
( - )
102.qIlI lwauxw -(Srwrq nwl lVweI krw dyxW) ()

(Q) 103. Qu~k ky c~txw -(jbwn krky mukr jwxw) (

- ) kmIny bMidAW dw koeI Brosw nhIN hMudw , auh
qW Qu~k ky vI c~t jWdy hn[

104. QwpI dyxI - (hlw SyrI dyxI) ()
105. Qu~kW moFy qoN su~txIAW - (hMkwry jwxw)
( )

(d) 105. idn-rwq ie~k krnw -(bhuq imhnq krnI)

() suirMdr ny AYm.ey. dI iqAwrI leI idn-rwq ie~k kr
id~qw[ -

106. idl K~tw hoxw - (iksy g~l qoN n&rq ho jwxI)
()
107. dsW nhuMAW dI ikrq krnw - (s~cI mu~cI dI kmweI krnw)
()
108. du~D-pwxI v~K krnw - (pUrw-pUrw inAW krnw) -
( - )
109. dwl iv~c kwlw hoxw - (S~k vwlI g~l hoxI)
( - )
110. idl iv~c kMfw bx ky cu~Bxw - (sqwauxw)
( - )
(D) 111. DUM nw k~Fxw - (Byq nw dyxw) () suirMdr ny
Awpxy Brw dI kuVmweI dI DUM nhIN k~FI[

112. DOilAW dI lwj r~Kxw -(v~fI aumr dw ilhwz krnw)
( - )
221
(n) 113. n~k iv~coN TUMhy if~gxy -(hMkwr hoxw)
() suirMdr dI lwtrI kI inklI ey, auhdy qW n~k coN TUMhy if~gx
l~g pey hn [

114. nwnI cyqy krw id~qI - (qobw krvw dyxI)
()
115. n~k qy m~KI nw bihx dyxI - (Awpxy qy g~l nw Awaux dyxI)
( - )
116. nihly qy dihlw -(iek dUjy qoN v~D ky) ()

(p) 117. p~g vtwauxI -(Drm dy Brw bxnw) (

- ) suirMdr qy rwjpwl ny p~g
vtweI hoeI hY[ dohW dw sky BrwvW nwloN v~D ipAwr hY


118. ip~T ivKwauxI - (hwr ky n~s jwxw) - ()
119. pwxI-pwxI hoxw - (byh~d SrimMdw hoxw) - ()
120. pYr Do-Do ky pIxw - (bhuq siqkwr krnw) -
( - )
121. pYrW hyToN zmIn iKskxw - (su~D-bu~D Bu~l jwxI)
( - )
122. pYr PVny - (muAw&I mMgxI) ( - )
(P) 123. Pu~ly nw smwauxw - (bhuq KuS hoxw) ()
suirMdr dy bI.ey. iv~coN pws hox qy aus dI mMmI Pu~lI nhIN smwauNdI sI[


124. Pu~lW nwl qol ky r~Kxw -(Awdr, lwf jW ipAwr krnw)
( - )
125. Pwh sotw k~F mwrnw - (ibnW socy g~l krnI)
()
126. PVHW mwrnIAW - (g~pw mwrnIAW) ()

222
(b) 113. ibsqrw gol krnw -(cly jwxw, rvwnw hoxw)
(- ) AMgryz Bwrq iv~coN 1947 eI: iv~c ibsqrw gol kr
gey[ 1947 ()
.. 1947
114. byVIAW iv~c v~ty pwauxy - (iksy dI brbwdI leI jqn krnw)
( - )
115. bIVw auTwauxw - (ijMmyvwrI lYxI) ()
116. byVw Zrk hoxw -(pUrI qbwhI hoxI) ( )

(B) 117. iB~jI ib~lI bx jwxw - (cu~p krky bih jwxw)

( - ) AiDAwpk dy Awaux qy ividAwrQI
iB~jI ib~lI bx jWdy hn Aqy Awpxy-Awpxy kMm iv~c jut jWdy hn
-

118. Bu~K lih jwxw - (suMdr cIz vyK ky KuS hoxw)
( - )
119. Bu~Ky Syr vWg pYxw - (gu~sy iv~c au~cI bolxw)
( - )
120. BwrW qy pYxw - (n^ry krny) ()
121. BMg dy BwVy jwxw - (AYvyN nukswn krw bihxw)
( )
(m) 122. muMh iv~c pwxI Br Awauxw - (llcwauxw)
() rsgu~ly Aqy gulwb jwmn dyK ky suirMdr dy mUMh iv~c pwxI Br
AwieAw[

123. mUMh iv~c auNglI pw lYxI -(hYrwn hoxw) ()
124. mUMh nw lwauxw - (sMbMD nw r~Kxw) ()
125. m~Qw lwauxw - (lVweI CyVnI) ()
126. mUMh kwlw hoxw - (bdnwmI hoxI) ()

223
(r) 127. rMg-rlIAW mnwauxw -(mOjW krnIAW) - (
) pyRmI joVw rMg-rlIAW mnwaux leI kSmIr jw irhw hY[
-
128. ryK iv~c myK mwrnI -(AwpxI iksmq Awp bxwauNxI)
( - )
129. rwh q~kxw - (aufIk krnI) ()
130. rMg au~fxw -(sihm jwxw) (-)

(l) 131. l~k bMnHxw - (iqAwrI krnI) ()

132. l~q mwrnI - (rok pwauxw) ()
keI lok dUjy dy bxdy kMm iv~c l~q mwr ky KuS huMdy hn[

133. lohw mMnxw - (Xogqw dw pRBwv pYxw) ()
134. lhU psInw ie~k krnw - (bVI imhnq krnw)
( - )
135. lhU nwl h~Q rMgxw -(zulm krnw) ( )
(v) 136. v~fw ijgrw krnw - (du~K dI rqw pRvwh nw krnw)
() nOjvwn pu~qr dI mOq hox dy bwvjUd suirMdr ny v~fw ijgrw
kIqI r~iKAw[ -

137. vwl ivMgw nw hoxw - (zrw vI nukswn nw hoxw)
( )

138. vl-Cl krnw - (DoKw krnw) ( )
139. vwh lwauxI - (pUrI koiSS krnI) ()
140. vwsqy pwauxy - (qrly krny) ()

224
 AKwx (Proverbs)



2
.


.
()




- min jIqY jgu jIqu ()
( )
- imTq nIvI nwnkw gux cMigAweIAW q~q

- h~k prwieAw nwnkw aus sUAr aus gwie
(

)



xw, nw, xI jW nI

225

- ie~k cu~p qy sO su~K
- ie~k ie~k Aqy do igAwrw
- Awpx h~QI Apxw Awpy hI kwj svwrIey

- ijhI krnI iqhI BrnI
- iek h~Q nwl qwVI nhIN v~jdI
- ij~Qy cwh auQy rwh
- jyhw dys qyhw Bys
- ijhVy g~jdy hn auh vsdy nhIN
- bZl iv~c CurI mUMh iv~c rwm rwm

- au~T nw skW iP~ty mUMh goifAW dw

- Skl momnW , krqUq kwPrW
- iek imAwn iv~c doN qlvwrW nhIN imauNdIAW

- ie~t c~ukdy nUM p~Qr iqAwr

L pMjwbI AKwx ( Punjabi Proverbs)

L
1. auho rwxI jo Ksmy mn BwxI :
ijhVI pqI nUM cMgI l~gy,auho hI iesqrI cMgI hY[ -
2. auh idn fu~bw jdoN GoVI ciVHAw ku~bw : -
jdoN iksy inkMmy bMdy koloN iksy kMm dI Aws nhIN ho skdI[
( )
3. auh ikhVI glI, ij~Qy Bwgo nhIN KVI :
jdoN iek bMdw hr QW mOjUd hovy [
4. auT nw sky iP~ty mUMh goifAW dw : Awpxy qoN
ku~J nw ho skxw Aqy doS dUijAW nUN dyxw[

226
5. AMinHAw iv~c kwxw rwjw :
ij~Qy swry lok BYVy hox qW auhnW BYiVAW iv~c iek isAwxw Aqy srdwr bx bYTw[

6. A~KI idsy nw qy nW nUrBrI :
krqUq ku~J vI nw hoxI Aqy PVw v~fIAW mwrdIAW[
7. AwpxI glI iv~c ku~qw vI Syr huMdw :
Apxy Gr frU vI bhwdr huMdy hn[
-
8. Awpxy mUMh mIAW im~TU :
AwpxI is&q Awp hI krnI[
9. Asmwn qy Qu~ikAW Awpxy mUMh qy hI pYNdw hY[:
iksy cMgy bMdy dI inMidAw krnI AwpxI byiezqI krwaux vwlI gl hY[
()-
10. Akl dw AMnHw gMF dw pUrw :
ieh AKwx iksy AmIr AwdmI dI mUrKqw nUM vyK ky vriqAw jWdw hY [

11. ie~k cup sO suK :
cu~p rihx iv~c bVw lwB hY[ -
12. ie~k h~Q nwl qwVI nhIN v~jdI : -
ksUr dohW iDrW dw hI hY [
13. ie~t cu~kdy nUM p~Qr iqAwr :
jYsy nUM qYsw[
14. iek Anwr sO ibmwr : -
jdoN cIz G~t hovy Aqy mMg izAwdw hovy[
15. ie~k ie~k Aqy do igAwrw: -
jdoN eykqW dI qwkq d~sxI hovy[
16. iek imAwn iv~c do qlvwrW nhIN AwauNdIAW :
jdoN ieh d~sxw hovy ik do mhwn qwkqW iek QW iek~TIAW nhIN rih
skdIAW[

227
17. iek m~CI swry jl nUM gMdw kr idMdI hY[
ie~k BYVw ivAkqI hor vI bhuq ivAk~qW nUM bdnwm kr dyNdw hY[
-
18. sO isAwxy ie~ko mq, mUrK Awpo AwpxI :
bhuq smJdwr sihmq ho skdy hn pr bhuqy mUrK sihmq nhIN ho skdy[

19. Skl momnW krqUq kw&rW :
ijhVy vyKx nUM qW DrmI krmI jwpdw hovy pr kMm byeImwnW vwly krdw hovy[
-
20. sr&w krky su~qI qy Awtw lY geI ku~qI :
sr&w kridAW hor vDyrw nukswn krvw lYxw[
21. ssqw rovy vwr vwr mihMgw rovy ie~k vwr[:
cMgI cIj dy mihMgI hox dI qklIP ie~k vwrI huMdI hY, pr ssqI cIj hovy, ausdI
vrqoN smyN hr roz pyRSwnI kwrn izAwdw du~K huMdw hY[

22. sO idn cor dy ie~k idn swD dw :
T~gI qy DoKw dyhI krn vwly Aw^r nUM pkVy hI jWdy hn [

23. hMkwirAw so mwirAw :
hMkwr dw isr nIvW huMdw hY[
24. h~QW nwl id~qIAW dMdW nwl KolHxIAW pYNdIAW hn :
Awpxy kIqy krmW dw &l Av~s Bogxw pYNdw hY [

25. hoxI hwr imtwvy kOx :
hoxI At~l hY[ - ( )
26. koTw ausirAw , qrKwx ivsirAw :
suAwrQ inkl jwx qoN bwAd praupkwrI nUM Bul jwxw[ ()
27. kpwh dI Pu~tI , ij~Qy dyKo au~Qy lu~tI:
cMgI cIj nUM koeI nhIN C~fdw[

228
28. koh nw c~lI bwbw iqhweI[
koeI kMm krn qoN pihlw hI Q~k jwxW[
29. ku~CV kuVI, Sihr FMforw :
jdoN vsqU kol hovy qy l~BI bwhr jwxw[
30. kMfy nwl hI kMfw kFI dw hY :
jdoN duSmx nUM aus dI qwkq nwl mwirAw jwvy[
31. kwT dI hWfI vwr-vwr nhIN cVHdI : -
qusI iksy nUM muV-muV DoKw nhIN dy skdy[ ivSvws tu~t jWdw hY

32. Kwxy Coly qy fkwr bdwmW dy :
koeI Bu~Kw AmIr bxn dw dwAvw kry[ ()()
33. KMf AwiKAW mUMh im~Tw nhIN huMdw :
kyvl kihx nwl kMm nhIN huMdw krn nwl huMdw hY[
( )
34. KweIey mn BwauNdw , pihnIey j~g BwauNdw :
dunIAW iv~c rih ky dunIAW muqwibk hI c~lxw cwhIdw hY[
-
35. gMgw geIAW h~fIAW kdy nhIN muVdIAW:
nSt hoeI vsqU muV nhIN imldI [
( )
36. grIbW r~Ky rozy idn v~fy Awey :
iksy kMm nUM krn iv~c AOkVW hI AOkVW Awaux[
( - )
37. g~lI AsIN cMgIAW AcwrI burIAW :
g~lW bhuqIAW pr kMm mwVy hox[
38. kpwh dI Pu~tI , ij~Qy dyKo au~Qy lu~tI:
cMgI cIj nUM koeI nhIN C~fdw[ ( )

:
-
229
39. g~l ipAw Fol vjwauNxw hI pYNdw hY[
koeI AxcwihAw kMm krnw pvy [
( -)
40. g~l l~K dI Akl k~K dI : AwpxI smJ qoN v~fw mwhrkw
mwirAw jwvy[ ( )
41. GtI dw koeI dwrU nhIN :
jIvn dw smW mu~k jwey qW koeI nhIN bcw skdw[
42. Gr dw ByqI lMkw Fwhy :
ByqI AwdmI hI nukswn phuMcwauNdw hY [
43. Gr dI murgI dwl brwbr :
Gr bxweI mihMgI cIz vI ssqI pYNdI hY[
44. Gr dI KMf ikrikrI, bwhr dw guV im~Tw :
Gr iv~c cIz svwd nw l~gxI Aqy bwhr dI suAwd l~gxI[

45. c~ldI dw nW g~fI : jdoN qk c~ldI hY audoN qk kdr hY[
( )
46. cMn dy QuikAw mUMh qy pYNdw hY :
iksy mhWpurS dI inMidAw nhIN krnI cwhIdI[ -
( () )
47. Cotw mUMh v~fI g~l :
jdoN koeI Anjwx ivAkqI isAwxI g~l kry[ ()
48. jWdy cor dI lMgotI hI shI :
vDyry nkswn iv~co QoVHw bcwA ho jwxw[
49. ijhVw boly auho kuMfw KolyH :
slwh dyx vwly nUM hI kMm sOipAw jwvy[
50. ijhVy g~jdy hn, auh v~sdy nhIN[
bhuq rOlw pwaux vwly ku~J vI krky nhIN idKw skdy [
( )

230
51. ij~Qy cwh au~Qy rwh :
jdoN AsIN iksy kMm nUM mnoN krnw cwhuMdy hW qW aus leI Anyk rwh l~B AwauNdy hn[
52. JUTy dy pYr nhIN huMdy : JUTw mnu~K iQVkdw rihMdw hY[
()
53. J~t mMgxI p~t ivAwh : jdoN koeI kMm bhuq jldI ho jwvy[
( )
54. t~ky dI hWfI geI, ku~qy dI jwq pCwxI geI :
QuhVy ijhy nukswn nwl hI iksy AwdmI dI kmIngI pihcwxI jwvyN[

55. tky sihAw mihMgw, rupey sihAw ssqw :
jdoN jyb KwlI huMdw hY qW ssqI cIz vI mihMgI l~gdI hY[
56. tuMfI bWh qy cUVy dw cwA : koeI AXog AwdmI bhuq
v~fIAW AwsW lweI bYTw hovy[ ()
57. TMFy du~D nUM PUkW mwrnIAW : hMkwry jwxw, izAwdw
nuksbwzI k~Fx [
58. if~gI Koqy qoN gu~sw GuimAwr qy :
nukswn iksy koloN hoxw gu~sw iksy qy k~Fxw[
59. fu~bdy nUM iqnky dw shwrw : inAwsry nUM koeI shwrw iml
jwxw[ ( )
60. fu~bI qW jy swh nw AwieAw :
hzwr jqn krn qy vI byv~s ho gey[ ()
61. : qyl dyKo qyl dI Dwr nw dyKo
nqIjw Awaux qk aufIk krnI[
62. qIr kmwno, g~l zbwno inkly vwps nhIN AwauNdy :
g~l hmySw soc smJ ky kro[
( )
63. qRyh l~gx qy KUh nhIN pu~tI dw :
hr kMm leI smyN-isr ivauNq bxwauxI cwhIdI hY[
- ( )

231
64. QoQw cnw bwjy Gxw :
g~lW izAwdw kMm G~t krnw[
65. Qu~kW nwl vVy nhIN p~kdy :
QoVHI pUMjI nwl v~fw kMm nhIN kIqw jw skdw[
66. dINvy Q~ly hnyHrw: jdoN igAwnvwn nUM Awpxy igAwn dw lwB nw hovy[
()
67. dwl iv~c kuJ kwlw-kwlw hY : hyrw-PyrI nzr AwauxIN[
() - ( )
68. dohW GrW dw pRwhuxw Bu~Kw rihMdw hY:
do pwsy Aws r~Kx nwl nukswn hI huMdw hY[
69. dwq ipAwrI ivsirAw dwqwr :
()bMdw r~b nUM Bu~l ky sMswr dIAW cIjW nwl vDyry moh kry[
70. dwVHI nwloN mu~CW v~fIAW:
mUl nwlo ivAwz v~D jwxw[ ()
71. DobI dw ku~qw nw Gr dw nw Gwt dw :
cwr -cu&yry h~Q mwrn vwly dw kMm iksy pwsy vI nhIN bxdw[
( )
72. Dyly dI bu~FI t~kw isr munweI : iksy inkMmy cIz nUM
iSMgwrn leI ijAwdw Krc krnw pvy[
73. nO sO cUhy Kw ky ib~lI h~j nUM c~lI :
swrI aumr BYVy kMm krny buFwpy iv~c cMgw bxn dw idKwvw kry[

74. nO kOh dirAw suQx moFy qy :
smyN qoN pihlW hI iqAwrI krnI ArMB kr dyxI[
75. nhuMAW nwloN mws v~K nhIN huMdw:
Awpxy lhU dI mhwnqw d~sxI [ ()
76. n~cx l~gI qW GuMf kwhdw :
koeI kMm krn dw ijMmw lY ilAw iPr sMg-sMkoc jw iF~l-m~T kwhdI[

( ? )
232
77. pu~itAw phwV inkilAw cUhw :
s^q imhnq krn mgroN koeI mwmUlI cIz h~Q l~gy[
()
78. pMjy auNglW brwbr nhIN huMdIAW :
swry ie~k smwn nhIN huMdy[ ()
79. p~g vyc ky iGau nhIN KweIdw :
Awmdn vyK ky Krc krnw cwhIdw hY[
80. PUhI PUhI nwl qlwA Br jWdw hY :
QoVHw-QoVHw krky v~fw kMm vI ho jWdw hY[
81. &sIAW nUM C~f ky aufdIAW mgr nhIN jweIdw :
imlI vsqU C~f ky nw imldI m~gr nhIN B~jxw cwhIdw[
()
82. bUhy bYTI jMJ qy ivMno kuVI dy kMn :
AYn vyly isr kMm krnw[
( )
83. bZl iv~c CurI mUMh iv~c rwm rwm :
auproN Bgq nzr Awvy pr iv~co bhuq Kotw hovy[
84. byVI sMg lohw vI qr jWdw hY :
cMgy dI sMgq iv~c mwVy dw vI Blw ho jWdw hY[
( - )
85. bwhr mIAW pMj hzwrI Gr bIbI krmW dI mwrI :
bwhr bhuq iezq hovy pr Gr iv~c koeI kdr nhIN[

86. Bu~Ky dI DI r~jI qy Kyh aufwaux lgI :
iksy grIb kol pYsy ie~k dm Aw jwx qW auh hMkwirAw jWdw hY[
()
87. mIAW-bIvI rwzI kI krygw kwzI :
do idl iml jwx qW qIjw koeI vI kuJ nhIN kr skdw[
( ) ()

233
88. mW nwlON DI isAwxI, irDy p~ky pwey pwxI :
sMqwn mWipAW nwlo vI BYVI inkly[
89. r~b imlweI joVI ie~k AMnHW ie~k kohVI :
do inkMimAW dw myl hoxw[
( )
90. r~sI sV geI pr v~t nw igAw :
koeI kmzor ho ky vI AwpxI AwkV nw C~fy[
( )
91. rwxI Awpxy pYr DoNdI golI nhIN bx jWdI :
Awpxw kMm Awp krnw mwVI g~l nhIN[
( )
92. lyKw mwvW DIAW dw bKSIs l~K t~ky dI :
irsqydwrI v~KrI cIz Aqy ihswb ikqwb v~Krw[

93. l~sI qy lVweI dw kI vDwauxw:
lVweI mwVI ijhI g~l qoN vDweI jw skdI hY[
94. lYx dw Swh dyx dw idvwlIAw :
suAwrQI mnu~K[ ( -)
95. l~QI loeI kI krygw koeI : - koeI Srm lwh dyvy qW aus dw
koeI ku~J nhIN kr skdw[
96. vyly dI inmwz kuvyly dIAW t~krW :
smW lMG jwx mgroN kMm TIk nhIN huMdw[
( )

234
 roz bolx vwly vwk

jI AwieAW nUM[ -
quhwfw kI hwl hY[ - ()
DMnvwd bhuq DMnvwd
DMnvwd dI kI loV hY[
quhwnUM iml ky KuSI hoeI[ ()

quhwnUM iml ky KuSI hoeI ()

AwE cwh pIE[ ()
mYN quhwfw DMnvwdI hW[
mYN quhwfI KwqrdwrI dw DMnvwd hW[

ieh qW kuJ vI nhIN sI[
ieh myrw &rz sI[ ()
koeI g~l nhIN[ ()
i&kr nw kro[
iDAwn nw idE[
mYnUM mw& kro[ ()
sB TIk hY [
ies nUM C~fo[
hux ^uS hovo[
kI hoieAw hY[
mYnUM du~K hY[
cwlU r~Ko[

235
CyqI kro[ = cwlU r~Ko[ =
ieDr dyKo[ = auD~r dyKo[ =
au~qy jwE[ = Q~ly AwE[ =
cu~p rho[ = iDAwn r~Ko[ =
i&kr nw kro[ = jwE nw[ =
A~gy vDo[ = vwps AwE[ =
zrw suxo[ = Bu~lo nw[ =

qusIN kOx ho ? =
quhwfw nW kI hY ? =
myrw nwm ...... hY[ = ( ) ()
myrw

myrw nwm suirMdr isMG hY[ =
ausdw nwm blbIr isMG hY[ =
ikRpw krky ie~Qy KVy hovo[ =
bwhr jwky ieMqzwr kro[ - =
quhwfI ishq ikho ijhI hY[ =
A~j k~l qusIN kI krdy ho[ =
quhwnUM iml ky bhuq KuSI hoeI[
=
kI qusIN QweI boldy ho ?
= ?
qusIN ausnUM KolHky d~s skogy[
=
kI qusI iesnUM dubwrw aucwr skdy ho ?
=
qusIN iesnUM pMjwbI (QweI) iv~c ikvyN khogy ?
() = () ?

236
 mYN pMjwbI TIk nhIN boldw (boldI)[ ( )
() =
mYN pMjwbI dy kyvl kuJ Sbd jwxdw (jwxdI) hW[(-)
=
mYnUM mw& krnw , qusIN kI ikhw sI ?
= ?
mwVI pMjwbI krky mYnUM mw& krnw jI[
=
qusIN kI ilKdy ho ? = ?
kI qusI ikRpw krky ilK idaugy ?
= ?
Awpxw vkq ^rwb nw kro[ =
bhuqI g~l nw kro[ =
bolx qoN pihlW soco[ =
qusIN
qusIN = qUM =

gu~sw ()
quhwnUM Awpxy qy Srm AwauxI cwhIdI hY[
=
mYN quhwfw mUMh vI nhIN dyKxw cwhuMdw[
- =
quhwnUM ies vwsqy kdI vI mw& nhIN kIqw jw skdw[
=
mYN ieho ijhy bMidAW nUM n&rq krdw hW[
=
myrIAW njrW qoN dUr ho jwE[ =
qusIN bVy mqlbI ho[ - =

: Srm = mw& = mqlbI =

bMidAW = n&rq =
237
 :-
siq sRI Akwl [
siq sRI Akwl [
quhwfw kI hwl hY ? ( ) ?

mYN TIk Twk , rwjI KuSI hW, SukrIAw [ quhwfw kI hwl hY ?

()
mYN vI TIk Twk hW, SukrIAw [ myrw nwm .........hY[ quhwfw kI nwm hY?
............ ?
..............?
myrw nwm hY ........[ quhwfI aumr ikMnI hY? .........
................... ?
myrI aumr .......hY[ ies jmwq iv~c quhwfw svwgq hY[
....... .
...................
SukrIAw , siq sRI Akwl

:
mYN pwxI pIx jwvW ? ?
mY vwSrUm jwvW ?
mYnUM AwpxI/Awpxw ............ vrqx leI dy skdy ho?
/ ..................
......() ....?
mYN AMgryjI bol lvW?
mYN kwgz vMf idAW?
lwiebRyrI jwE[
dPqr jwE[
drvwjy v~l jwE[
myrI vwrI hY[ quhwfI vwrI hY[
iks dI vwrI hY[
bhuq A~Cy SwbwS

238
 bynqI ()
ikRpw krky bYT jwE[ =
ikRpw krky cu~p rho[ =
ikRpw


ikRpw krky - ikRpw kro

ikRpw krky mYnUM qMg nw kro[ =

ikRpw krky myrw ieMqzwr kro[ -
=
ikRpw krky vwps Aw jwE[ =
ikRpw krky mYnUM mw& kr idE[ =
ikRpw krky hOlI clo[ =
kI qusIN myrI mdd krogy ? =
kI qusIN myrw ieMqzwr krogy ? -
=
1. kI qusIN myrw ieMqzwr krogy ?
- =
2. ikRpw krky myrw ieMqzwr kro[
- =

kI qusIN -
ikRpw krky -
quhwnUM swirAW nUM bynqI krdw (krdI) hW ik vkq qy phuMc jwE[
() -
=



239
 mwPI ()
kI qusIN hux vI mYnUM mw& nhIN kr skdy ?
= ?
mYN qW isr& m^Ol kr irhw sI[
=
ikRpw krky mYnUM mw& kr idE, mYN i&r nhIN krWgw[
=
kI qusIN hux vI myry nwl nwrwz ho?
=
mw& krnw jykr mYN quhwnUM du~K id~qw hY[
= ()
ikRpw krky vwps Aw jwvo[
=
ikRpw krky hOlI clo[ =
kI qusIN myrI mdd krogy ? =
kI qusIN myrw ieMqzwr krogy ?
- =


ivSvws ()
mYN iesqy Brosw nhIN kr skdw? =
iesqy koeI vI Brosw nhIN kr skdw[
=
ieh isr& iek A&vwh hY ies vl izAwdw iDAwn nw dyvo[
=
mMno nw mMno pr ieh sc hY[ =
swnUM A~j k~l hr iek qy ivSvws nhIN krnw cwhIdw[
=
swnUM r~b nUM mMnxw cwhIdw hY[ =
iksy nUM vI DoKw nw idE[ =
: ivSvws = Brosw
=
isr& = A&vwh = DoKw =

240
 suBkwmnwvW () -

nmsqy
- nmskwr
Good Morning, Good Evening,
Good Night good bye

rwm rwm - jY rwm jI kI - May Rama bless you -

Ramas victory to you jY sRI ikRsn Krishnas victory to you

()

siq sRI Akwl Sat Siri Akal

nvyN swl dI vDweI hovy[

= ( -
....)

................. dI vDweI hovy[ ......................
vDweI
jnm idn dI vDweI hovy[ =
quhwfI s&lqw qy vDweI hovy[
= ()
gur purb dI vDweI hovy[
= ( )
=
iksmq quhwfw swQ dyvy[ = ()
quhwnUM dono jhWnW dw suK imly[
= ()

241
r~b quhwfy kMm iv~c s&lqw dyvy[
= ()
r~b kry ieh ^uSIAW qusI hmySW mwxo[
= ( - )
ivSvws Aqy ienkwr

ivSvws kro r~b quhwfI mdd krygw[

=
mYN iesqy Brosw nhIN kr skdw[
=
iesqy koeI vI Brosw nhIN kr skdw[
=
mMno nw mMno pr ieh sc hY[ =
swnUM A~j k~l hr iek qy ivSvws nhIN krnw cwhIdw[
=
swnUM r~b nUM mMnxw cwhIdw hY[ =
ausny myry nwl ivSvwS Gwq kIqw hY[
= (-)
iksy nUM DoKw nw idE =
mYnUM d~uK hY ik mYN nhIN Aw skWgw[
= ()
mYnUM nw kridAW bVw du~K ho irhw hY[
=
mYN quhwfy ivcwrW nwl ^uS nhIN hW [
=
kI qusIN myry nwl sihmq nhIN ho ?
=
ieh myry vwsqy mumikn nhIN hY[
=

242
 hotl iv~c ( )
ieQy sB nwloN vDIAw hotl ikhVw hY?
= ?
kI quhwfy kol koeI kmrw KwlI hY?
= ?
quhwnUM ikhVw kmrw cwhIdw hY?
=
kmirAw dy kI ikrwey hn? = ?
mYnUM iek kmrw cwhIdw hY ijs nwl gusl Kwnw hY[

=
mYnUM Awpxw kmrw idKwE[ =
qusIN bYNkOk (id~lI) ikMny idn rukogy?
() = ()
mYN isrP cwr idn rhWgw[ =
mYN bYNkOk qoN Aw irhw hW[ =
mYN bYNkOk iv~c sYr krnw cwhuMdw hW[
=

Ary portr (kulI) ie~Qy Aw[ () =

jI , swmwn ik~Qy hY ? [ = ?
ieh bYg Aqy auh tokrI[ =
ik~Qy lY ky clxw hY swihb[ = ?
tYksI iv~c r~Kxy hn[ =
TIk hY swihb[ =
ik~ny pYsy lvyNgw ? = ?
cwr rupey swihb ! swmwn bhuqw hY ies leI [

=
243
 fwkGr iv~c ( )
jI, d~sxw ik ies pwrsl leI ikMny dw itkt lgygw?
= ?
ieh Pwrm hY, pqw ilK ky dy idau [
=
ies pwrsl leI pMj bwt dy itkt l~gxgy[
=
kI itkt ie~QoN imlxgy ? = ?
kI quhwfy kol pMjwh pYsy hn ?
= ?
jI nhIN , myry kol qW ds ds dy not hI hn[
=
TIk hY, ieh lau rsId[ =

kpVy dy bzwr iv~c ( )

mYnUM iek sohxw ijhw kpVw cwhIdw hY [

=
mYnUM ieh kpVw psMd hY[
=
nhIN mYnUM ieh psMd nhIN hY[
=
ikRpw krky mYnUM hor rMg ivKwE[ =
ies dI kImq kI hY ? = ?
nhIN ieh bhuq mihMgw hY[ =
mYnUM ssqw cwhIdw hY[ =
ies qy kI ktOqI krogy ? = ?
ikRpw krky iesnUM bMnH idE[ =

244
 cMgw muMfw ( )
qyrw nW kI hY ? ? = ?
myrw nW suirMdr hY[ =
qyry ipqw dw nW kI hY ? ?
= ?
myry ipqw dw nW jspwl hY[ =
auh kI kMm krdy hn ? ? = ?
auh drjI hn[ AwpxI dukwn hY[
=
quhwfI dukwn ik~Qy hY ? ? = ?
swfI dukwn nvIN sVk au~qy hY[
=
qUM Awp kI krdw hYN[ = ?
mYN skUl iv~c pVHdw hW[ =
iks jmwq iv~c pVHdw hYN ? ? = ?
mYN dsvIN jmwq iv~c pVHdw hW[
=
qUM au~Qy kI isKdw hYN? ? = ?
pMjwbI, ihMdI, AMgryjI, ihswb, ieiqhws Aqy iviKAwn
isKdw hW[
=
kI qUM drjI dw kMm vI jwxdw hYN?
= ?
jI hW, jwxdw hW[ roz Swm nUM dukwn au~qy jwky ipqw dI mdd krdw hW[

=
s~c-mu~c hI qUM cMgw muMfw hYN [
=

245
 kI KwvyNgw ( ) ?
A~j spYSl kI hY ? ? = ?
im~Ty iv~c gulwb jwmn hY, rsgu~lw hY Aqy jlybIAW [


A~Cw suirMdr, qUM kI KwvyNgw ? jo qUM cwhuMdw hY [


TIk hY , pr mYN pihlW ie~k pMjwbI Qwl KwvWgw[


mYnUM qW bVI Bu~K l~g rhI hY, pUVIAW vI KwvWgw

()
TIk hY , imTweIAW ip~CoN lvWgy[ c~l muMifAw CyqI Kwxw ilAw [


kI hor kuJ KwvyNgw? nhIN b~s ! kI qUM Kwxw cwhuMdw hY?

=
myrw qW pyt ^Ub Br igAw hY[ hux rwq nUM ku~J vI nhIN KwDw jwxw[


pMjwbI Qwl

246
 fwktr dy kol ( )
fwktr jI, siq sRI Akwl[
= (
)
siq sRI Akwl jspwl jI, AwE .... bYTo [
quhwnUM kI hoieAw hY ? ...... ?
= .... ?
mYnUM do idnW qoN jukwm sI ; k~l rwq bu^wr ho igAw sI[ ;
=
hux qusI ikvyN ho[ = ?
hux vI bu^wr hY[ svyr qoN isr drd hox l~g ipAw hY[
=
kI quhwnUM Bu~K lgdI hY ? = ?
jI nhIN; Kwx pIx leI kuJ cMgw nhIN lgdw[ ;
=
kI h~QW-pYr iv~c drd hY ? = ?
pihly pihly zukwm Aqy h~Q-pYrW dw drd hI SurU hoieAw sI[
-
=
koeI iPkr vwlI g~l nhIN[ ienjYkSn kr idMdw hW Aqy ieh dvw idn iv~c
iqMn vwr pIxw[
=
fwktr jI k~l q~k TIk ho jwvWgw ? ?
= ?
ikauN dukwn qy jwxw hY ? ? = ?
jI hW [ do idn qoN dukwn qy nhIN igAw[
=
k~l buKwr au~qr jwvygw, pr Awrwm dI sKq zrUrq hY[ prsoN dukwn qy cly jwxw[

=
247

myrw skUl ( )

ieh myrw skUl hY[ =
myrw skUl bhuq sohxw hY[ =
ieh swfy Gr dy nyVy hY[ =
ies iv~c kuVIAW Aqy muMf pVHdy hn[ =
gurpwl myrI jmwq iv~c pVHdw hY[
=
auh myrw p~kw im~qr hY[ =
punIq vI myry nwl pVHdI hY[ =
auh pVHweI iv~c huiSAwr hY[ =
punIq dI shylI ismrn hY[ =
auh cMgI iKfwrn hY[ =
swfy AiDAwpk bhuq cMgy hn[ =
auh swnUM ipAwr nwl pVHwauNdy hn[
=
A~DI Cu~tI vyly ASIN swry rL-imL ky Kyfdy hW [
- =
ie~k vjy swnUM skUloN Cu~tI huMdI hY[
=
AsIN h~sdy-Kyfdy Awpxy-Awpxy GrW nUM muV AwauNdy hW[
- =

: sohxw =
kuVIAW = ()
muMfy = im~qr =
pVHweI =
huiSAwr = ()
shylI =
QweI is~K ieMtrnYSnl iKfwrn =
Thai Sikh International School AiDAwpk =

khwxIAW =
248
 myrw Gr ( )
tI vI eyrIAl
=

C~q =

drvwzw, bUhw
- =

drK~q =

bwrI , iKVkI Gwh bgIcw

- = =
qyrw Gr ik~Qy hY ? = ?
myrw Gr au~Qy hY[ =
auh rwm dw Gr hY[ =
myrw Gr v~fw nhIN[ =
pr bhuq suMdr hY[ =
Gr dy A~gy bgIcw hY[
iemwrq / Gr =
/ = - bgIcy iv~c keI qrW dy Pu~l hn[
=
myry Gr iv~c cwr kmry hn[ =
auh sOx dw kmrw hY[ =
aus kmry iv~c ipqw jI Arwm kr rhy hn[
=
ieh myrw kmrw hY[ =

249
 mYN ie~Qy pVHdw qy ilKdw hW[ =
ikrpw krky auh drvwjw KolH[ =
ieh ieSnwn Gr hY[ =
ieh kursI nvIN hY[ =
ikrpw krky kursI qy bYTo jI [ =
quhwnUM myrw Gr ikho ijhw l~gw hY , psMd hY [
=

rsoeI iv~c =
mW jI rsoeI iv~c bYTy hn[ =
culHy ivc A~g bl rhI hY[ =
DUMAw aupr nUM jw irhw hY[ =
qvy au~qy rotI hY[ =
rotI iqAwr hoky , QwlI iv~c hY[
=
rwm rotI Kw irhw hY[ =
ie~k kOlI iv~c BwjI hY[ =
dUjI kOlI iv~c KIr hY [ =
iglws iv~c brP dw TMfw pwxI hY[
=
rwm dI sbzI mu~k geI hY [ =
mW jI kVCI nwl sbzI rwm nUM pw ky dy rhy hn[
=

:- rsoeI =
cu~lHw , qMdUr , B~TI =
qvw = 30


kOlI =
BwjI, sbzI = kVCI =

250
 pirvwr ()

dwdw dwdI nwnw nwnI

Grand father Grand mother Grand father Grand mother

ipqw mwqw pu~qr pu~qrI

Father Mother Son Daughter

qweI cwcI BUAw

qwieAw cwcw Pu~PV
-

mwmw mwsI
mwmI mwsV
- -

251
 pqI pqnI AwdmI AOrq
husband Wife man woman lady

v~fw Brw = elder brother

Cotw Brw = younger brother

v~fI BYx = elder sister

CotI BYx = younger sister

pu~qr = son DI = daugther
BxyNvw = nephew

BxyNvI = nice

jvweI = son in law nUMh = daugther in law

jIjw = brother in law BrjweI = sister in law
shurw = ( ) father in law
s~s = ( ) mother in law
sWFU = ( -)
()
jyT = ijTwxI =
idaur = drwxI =
nnwx v~eIAw - = nnwx - = -
()
swlw = - swlI = -
jyT = brother in law
()

( brother in law & sister in law )

252
 7 8 9
5 6
4
3

1. bwlk = baby 2. b~cw = child 3. muMfw = boy

4. kuVI, b~cI = girl
5. nv jvwn , mwnv - () = young boy
6. jvwn kuVI , lVkI, - = young girl
7. jnwnI, iesqrI, nwrI, AOrq = woman
8. AwdmI, purS, nr, = man
9. bu~Fw, bzurg = old man

quhwfy pirvwr dw kI hwl hY ? = ?

kI quhwfy mW-ipau hwly ijauNdy hn ?
- = ?
hW jI hwly rwzI KuSI hn =
kI quhwfy koeI BYx Brw hn ? = ?
quhwfy ikMny Brw ikMnIAW BYxW hn ?
= ?
myrw iek Brw Aqy iek BYx hY[
=
quhwfw Brw ( quhwfI BYx) ikMny swlW dw (dI) hY[
( ) () = ()

quhwfw quhwfI

253
 -

sikMt = second imMt = minute GMtw = hour
A~j () = today k~lH = - yesterday, tomorrow
svyr = morning dupihr = afternoon
idn = day time Swm = evening
rwq = night hPqw = week
mhInw = month swl = year
Awaux vwlw idn k~lH nUM (Blky)
-

sikMt imMt GMtw

svyr dupihr lo Fw vylw Swm vylw

morning noon afternoon evening

rwq vylw A~DI rwq pihlW pCiVAw

night time midnight earlier latecomer

254
 imMt vwlI sUeI
minute needle

sikMt vwlI sUeI GMty vwlI sUeI

second needle hour needle

iek vjy iek v~j ky pMj imMt iek v~j ky ds imMt iek v~j ky pMdrW imMt
()

iek v~j ky vIh imMt iek v~j ky pMjI imMt iek v~j ky qIh imMt iek v~j ky pYNqI imMt

iek v~j ky cwlI imMt iek v~j ky pMqwlI imMt iek v~j ky pMjwh imMt iek v~j ky pcvMjw imMt

255


bsMq dI ru~q grmI dI ru~q pqJV ru~q srdI dI ru~q

spring summer autumn winter

grmI hot bwirS rain srdI cold

&Yrnhwiet sYNnitgryf
- Farenheit - Centigrade

grmI hot
in~Gw warm
TMF cool
srdI cold
jMm ky br& bx jwxw


freezing point

qwpmwn = temperature

256
A~j kI vwr hY ? () = ?
A~j mMgl vwr hY[ () =
k~lH kI vwr sI ? =
- ( )
k~lH somvwr sI[ =
k~lH kI vwr hY ? = ?
(
)
k~lH buDvwr hY[ =
auh kdoN vwips Awey gw? =
kI qusI auhnUM vIrvwr nUM vyiKAw sI ?
= ?
ieh ikhVw mhInw hY ? = ?
ieh nvMbr dw mhInw hY ? =
mYN dsMbr iv~c AwieAw sI[ =
quhwnUM ikhVw mhInw sB qoN psMd hY[
=
grmIAW dw ikhVw mhInw hY ?
=
grmIAW dy mOsm iv~c bhuq grmI huMdI hY [
=
mYnUM brswqW dw mOsm bhuq psMd hY [
=

L :-
L
vwips return vyiKAw - meet
ikhVw - what-which AwieAw come
sB all - total psMd -- like
bhuq much brswqW mOsm season

257
 h&qwvwr (Week days)

AYqvwr somvwr mMglvwr b~uDvwr

Aitvaar Somvaar Mangalvaar Budhvaar

vIrvwr Su~krvwr sin~crvwr

Veervaar Shugharvaar Shanicharvaar

A~j k~l, Blky , A~glw idn

= dYink/rozwnw /
= spqwihk
= mwisk
= qYRmwisk
= swlwnw
iCmWhI Directions

pUrb East

au~qr North d~Kx South

p~Cm West
258
mhIinAW dy nW :-

1. jnvrI = mwG

2. PrvrI = P~gx

3. mwrc = cyqr

4. AprYl = vYswK

5. meI = jyT
6. jUn = hwVH

7. julweI = swvx

8. Agsq = BwdroN

9. sqMbr = A~sU

10. AkqUbr = k~qk

11. nvMbr = m~Gr

12. dsMbr = poh

( )
cyqr
- :-
cyqr - - 13 - 15
vYswK - -
jyT - -
hwVH - -

259
 rMg (Colour)
p~kw rMg fast colour iP~kw rMg light colour

gUVHw rMg deep colour

AsmwnI rMg light blue

nIlw rMg blue

lwl rMg red

swvw rMg-hrw rMg - green

kwlw rMg black

s&Yd rMg-ic~tw rMg - white

gulwbI rMg pink

pIlw rMg yellow

sMqrI rMg orange

aUdw rMg-jwmnI rMg - purple

bdwmI rMg light brown

ibskutI rMg chocolate

kbUqrI rMg grey

prdysI pihrwvw

dysI pihrwvw

260
 ikrq-ivrq - (Profession)

AMg r~iKAk = bodyguard

ieiqhwskwr = historian
iSkwrI = hunter
sMgIqkwr = musician
suinAwr = goldsmith
sMpwdk = editor
ispwhI = policeman
sloqrI = veterinary
hlvweI = confectioner
ikswn = farmer
ksweI = butcher
kvI = poet
gIqkwr = song writer
gveIAw = singer
GuimAwr = potter
cOkIdwr = watchman
ic~qrkwr = artist, painter
jOhrI / srw& / = jewelier
joqSI = fortune teller

jwdUgr = magician
fwkIAw = postman
qrKwn = carpenter
fwktr = doctor
- car

261
 dukwndwr = shopkeeper
dMdswz - = dentist
drzI = tailor
dvw-&roS - = pharmacist
DobI = washerman
nweI = barber
nrqk = dancer
j~j / inrxwiek = judge
pweIlt = pilot
p~qrkwr = journalist
&OjI / sYink = soldier
bYrHw / Kwnswmw = waiter
jmwdwr / BMgI = sweeper
buqGwVw = sculptor
mocI / cmwr / cimAwr = shoemaker
mzdUr / kwmw = labour
mwlI / bwZvwn = gardener
rsoeIAw = cook
rwjdUq = ambassador
luhwr = blacksmith
l~kVhwrw = woodcutter
lyKk / ilKwrI = writer
lyKwkwr = accountant
vkIl = lawyer
swieMsdwn = scientist
vYd / hkIm / = physician

- car

262
 1. idmwg brain 1
2. glw, swh nwlI , -
throat
3. nwVw Vein 2
3
4. DMmxI artery 4
5
5. PyPVy lung
6
6. idl, ihrdw heart
7. imhdw liver 7 8
8. iF~f stomach 9
9. ip~q-koS gallbladder 10
10. AWdrW intestines

1 2
2
3
4 3
5
4

1. p~Tw, mwspySI muscle

1. KopVI skull
2. h~fI bone 2. p~slI rib cage
3. r~s dI QYlI pancreas
3. rIVH dI h~fI
4. gurdw kidney
spinal column
5. ipSwb dI QYlI
4. pyfU pelvis
bladder
263
 1. kys hair
2. m~Qw forehead
3. n~k nose
4. mUMh mouth
5. TofI jaw
6. msUVw gums
7. dMd teeth
8. jIB tongue

1. A~K eyes
2. kMn ear
3. g~lH cheek
4. bu~l lip
5. TofI chin
6. Brv~ty eyebow
7. plkW eyelid
8. iJMmxIAW eyelashes
prKxw feeling

1. dyKxw see
2. suMGxw smell
3. suxnw hear
4. CUhxw touch
5. c~Kxw taste

1. gu~t wrist
2. hQylI palm
3. AMgUTw
thumb
4. auNglI nhUM
fingernail
5. auNglI fingers

6. ig~tw ankle 7. A~fI heel

8. pYr dI auNglI toe
9. pYrW dy nhuM toenail
264
 1. isr head
1 2. glw neck

2 3. pyt abdomen
4. kmr waist

3 5. Q~lw hip
5 4
6. l~q leg
7. pYr foot
6

7 1
1. h~Q hand 2
2. bWh arm
3. moFw shoulder
4. kMf, ip~T back
3
4
5. ic~qV buttocks
5

2 1. CwqI chest
2. kUhxI elbow

3 3. sInw breast

4 4. p~t thigh
5. ipMnI calf
5 6. gofw knee
6

265
 sMqrw - Anwnws - ppIqw - nwrIAl -
orange pineapple papaya coconut

Anwr - dUrIAwn Pl - lIcI - AMgUr -

pomegranate dhurian lichee grape

qrbUz - ^rbUjw - sIqw Pl - kyly -

watermelon cantaloupe castad apple banana

AmrUd - kthr - stwr Pl- ckoqrw -

Guava jack-fruit carambola pomelo

AMb - KrbUjw - inMbU - syb -

mango muskmelon lemon apple

266
 ipAwz - mUlI - hry ipAwz- lwl ipAwz-
onions radishes shalloti red onions

iBMfI qorI - cweIinz kryly- im~TI imrc- bYNgx -

ladies finger lemon grass sweet pepper brinjal

KIrw - Adrk - K~tw - gwjrW -

cucumber ginger citron carrots

bMd goBI - imrc- Pu~l goBI - soieAwbIn-

cabbage chilli cauliflower soya-bean

m~kI - Qom/l~sx-- m~tr - qulsI -

sweetcorn garlic sweet pea holy basil

267
b~br Syr Syr-bwG cInI ir~C hwQI
Lion Tiger Panda Elephant

zYbrw - ir~C gYNfw GoVw

Zebra Bear Rhinceros Horse

gW m~J jMglI sMFw Byf

Cow Buffalo Bison Sheep

ihrn aUT ijrw& b~krw

Deer Camel Giraffe Goat

s~p bWdr mgrm~C Koqw

Snake Monkey Crocodile Donkey

268
 pMCI b~qK f~fU cMmciV~k
Bird Duck Frog bat

ku~kV ku~kVI kbUqr mor

Cock Hen Pi- Peacock

aukwb au~lU Suqrmurg qoqw

Eagle Owl Ostrich Parrot

m~CI JINgw kykVw k~CUkMumw

fish lobster crab tortoise

kIVI m~KI it~fw iqlc~tw

ant bee grasshopper cockroach

m~Cr iqqlI m~KI m~kVI

mosquito butterfly fly spider
269
 mW Aqy b~cw ( )
ib~lI = blUMgVw =
gaU = v~Cw =
ku~qI = () kqUrw =
GoVI = () bCyrw =
Byf = lylw =
b~krI = () mymxw =
AvwzW pCwxo ( )
icVI cIN - cIN krdI hY[ - = -
qoqw tYN - tYN krdw hY[ -
= -
kW kW - kW krdw hY[ - = -
kbUqr gutr-gUM gutr-gUM krdw hY[ -
= -
ib~lI imAwaUN-imAwaUN krdI hY[ -
= -
ku~qw BaUN-BaUN krdw hY[ - = -
b~krI mYN-mYN krdI hY[ -
= -
kukVI kuV-kuV krdI hY[ - = -
mor ikAwauN-ikAwauN krdw hY[
= -
f~fU tr-tr krdw hY[
- = -

cUhw
ku~qw ib~lI sUr
Mouse
Dog Cat Pig

270
 aupXogI SbdwvlI
( )
AMn Aqy Bojn-pdwrQ -
= Ceraeals & Eatables

ibskut Biscuit kyk Cake

m~Kx Butter iGau Ghee

gW dw mws Beef b~kry dw mws Mutton

sUr dw mws Pork mws Meat

nwsqw Breakfast dupihrI Bojn Lunch

rwqRI Bojn Dinner Bojn Food
rotI Bread kwPI Coffee

cwh Tea du~D Milk

dwl cInI Cinnamon pnIr Cheese

dhI Yogert mlweI Milk cream
Coly Gram mUMgI Kidney beans
Sihd Honey mur~bw Jam
kulPI Ice cream br& Ice

rs Juice S~kr Loaf sugar

m~kI Maize Srwb Wine
sroHN Mustard qyl oil

Acwr Pickle mtr Peas

kwlI imrc Pepper cOl Rice

ctxI Sauce lUx Salt
miTAweI Sweets cwSnI, Srbq Syrup
isrkw Vinegar sbzI Vegetable
kxk Wheat bdwm Almond
A^rot Chessnut kwjU Cashewnut
Adrk Ginger lsn Garlic
mUMgPlI Groundnut cMbylI Jasmine
kMvl Lotus pUdnw Mint
mihMdI Myrtie gulwb Rose

271
k~pVy Aqy ilbws = Clothes and Dresses

ibsqrw Bed kMbl Blanket

pwjwmw Breeches cwdr Bed cover
btn Button
pytI Belt k~pVw Cloth

kot Coat isrHwxw Head cushion

topI Cap colHw Cloak
jwlI Gauze dsqwny Gloves

top Hat in~kr Half pant

rumwl Handkerchief PIqw, qsmw Lace
lyiln Linen gulUbMd Muffler
Cotw qOlIAw Napkin pqlUn Trosure
pytIkot Peticot twkI Patch
jyb Pocket cuMnI, du~ptw Scarf
cwdr Sheet cover kmIz Shirt
kmIz dI bWh Shirt sleeve Swl Shawl
zrwbW Stockings Dwgw Thread
qOlIAw Towel p~g/dsqwr Turban
m~Kml Velvet aun Wool
ibsqry dI cwdr Bed sheet srHwxw Pillow
GrylU swz-swmwn - = Domestic Articles

AlmwrI Wardrobe tokrI Basket

f~bw Box plMG Bedstead

bwltI Bucket burS Brush

bYNc Bench boql Bottle

kMGI Comb kVwhI Cauldron

kursI Chair momb~qI Candle

sMglI Chain plyt Dish

icmtI Fork cmcw spoon

j~g Jar cwbI Key

kVCI Ladle F~kx Lid

272
ctweI Mat SISw Mirror
qIlW dI f~bI Match box qMdUr Oven

vylxw Pastry-roller cklw Pastry-board

plyt Plate Awtw-c~kI - Flourmill
pYnisl Pencil klm Pen
r~sw Rope C~qrI Umbrella
swbx Soap myz Table

dMdW dw burS Tooth-brush

tu~Q pyst Toothpaste
qwr Wire stUl Stool
loVW dw swmwn = Misc. Articles

, ,
surmw Antimony kYNh Bronze
ip~ql Brass p~Qr dw kolw Coal
qWbw Copper lohw Iron

is~kw Lead pwrw Mercury

sMgmrmr Marble cWdI Silver

sonw Gold p~kw lohw Steel
klI Tin ijsq Zinc

hIrw Diamond pMnw Emerald

jvwhrwq - Gems is~p Mother of pearl

hwr Necklace moqI Pearl

mMudrI Ring mwxk Ruby
nIlm Saphire pu^rwj Topaz
kuhwVI Axe kMpws Compass

CYxI Chisel iSkMjw Clamp

vrmw Drill hQOVw Hammer

nt Nut ausqrw Razor

pwnw Spanner pycks Screw driver

pyc Screw AwrI Saw

kYNcI Scissors Aihrn Anvil

273
 : -
6.8
1. 10%

2. 33.43%
3. 40.59%
4. :

i, I, y, r, d, h, k, n, s,
5. 3.89
6. 10.5 %
( percentage frequency occurance of 10.5%)

dy , hY , dI , nUM , dw , qy , iv~c , Aqy , ny ,

sI , vI , ies , ik , nwl , ky , hn , hI ,
qoN , nhIN , ieh , qW , leI , auh , aus ,
isMG , iek , ho , kr , ivc ,
28.18 %

:-
s auh Eh - aucI au~cI - auT au~T - auqr au~qr - auqy au~qy -
auQy au~Qy EQy - aunHW aunW - aupr au~pr
s AsI AsIN - Agy A~gy - AgoN A~goN - Aj A~j - Aijhw Ajyhw
AijhI AjyhI - Aijhy Ajyhy - APsr A&sr - Avwz Awvwz -
AwrQk AwriQk
s iesqrI iesqRI - iek ie~k - ieko ie~ko - ieQy ie~Qy eyQy -
ies eys - iesy eysy - ieh eyh - ieDr eyDr
s sKq s^q - sc s~c - spSt sp~St - sPr s&r - sbMDq
sbMiDq sMbMiDq - sbMDI sMbMDI - smwjk smwijk
274
swihq swih~q - swP sw& - isK is~K - isiKAw is~iKAw - isrP
isr& - suK su~K -suBw suBwA
s hQ h~Q - hPqy h&qy
s kF k~F - kpVy k~pVy - kl k~l klH k~lH - kwPI kw&I
kwrx kwrn - ikQy ik~Qy - kuC kuJ k~uJ - kul ku~l
s Kbr ^br - KVw KVHw -KVI KVHI - KVy KVHy - Kws ^ws -
KuS ^uS - iKAwl i^Awl - iKlwP iKlw& - KulH Ku~lH
s gl g~l - glq Zlq - glW g~lW - igRPqwr igR&qwr
Gt G~t - cl c~l - clx c~lx - cuk cu~k - cuikAw cu~ikAw
s cukI cu~kI - cuky cu~ky - cup cu~p - Cf C~f
s jrUr zrUr - jwq zwq - ijMdgI izMdgI - ijQy ij~Qy - jor zor
s Jt J~t - ifg if~g - qrHW qrW - qusI qusIN - qyj qyz
s QoVw QoVHw - QoVI QoVHI - QoVy QoVHy
s disAw d~isAw - dPqr d&qr - idau idE - idqw id~qw
- idqI id~qI - idqIAW id~qIAW - idqy id~qy - duK du~K - duD d~uD
- dunIAw dunIAW - dys dyS - idMdw dyNdw - idMdI dyNdI
s Dwrmk Dwrimk - nhI nhIN - nwauN nWA - nwl nwL -inq in~q
s pMfq pMifq - pRisD pRis~D - ipau ipE - ipCy ip~Cy - puiCAw
pu~iCAw - puqr pu~qr - puls puils pulIs
s Prk &rk - iPlm i&lm - PYslw &Yslw - POj &Oj
s bwAd bwd - ibl ib~l - buD bu~D - Bul Bu~l
s mnuK mnu~K - muSkl muSikl - muK mu~K - muqwbk muqwibk
s rK r~K - rKx r~Kx - rKxw r~Kxw - rKdw r~Kdw -
riKAw r~iKAw - rwjnIqk rwjnIiqk
s lau lE - lgdw l~gdw - lgpg lgBg - ligAw l~igAw
- lgI l~gI - lgy l~gy
s vK v~K - vfw v~fw - vfI v~fI - vfy v~fy - vD v~D -
vrxn vrnx - vl v~l - vloN v~loN - ivSvws ivSvwS - ivc iv~c -
ivcoN iv~coN - ividAw iv~idAw - ivruD ivru~D

275
 ic~TI-p~qr rcnw
(- )
-
.. 2525





ic~TIAW p~qrW dIAW vrgW jW iksmW
= ( Kinds of Letters) :-
( -
)
Awm qOr qy ic~TIAW cwr pRkwr dIAW huMdIAW hn
=
1. in~jI ic~TIAW - ivAkqIgq ic~TIAW - =
( Private Personal Letters) ies vMngI dIAW ic~TIAW Awpxy
irSqydwrW, sky-sMbMDIAW , vwk&kwrW Aqy dosqW im~qrW nUM ilKIAW jwx vwlIAW
ic~TIAW dI huMdI hY[

2. srkwrI ic~TIAW = (Official Letters) srkwrI

d&qrW jW pRweIvyt d&qrW nUM jnqW vloN, aumIdvwrW v~loN ilKIAW ic~TIAW
srkwrI ic~TIAW khwauNdIAW hn[ ienHW ic~TIAW iv~c audyS huMdw hY, in~G-ipAwr
nhIN, sgoN siqkwr jqwauNdy Sbd huMdy hn[ ienHW ic~TIAW iv~c koeI PwlqU g~l
nhIN huMdI[ ieh ic~TI bhuq hI sMiKpq huMdIAW hn[
-


276
3. ArD-srkwrI ic~TIAW - =
(Demiofficial Letters) ArD-srkwrI ic~TIAW auNJ qW srkwrI ic~TIAW dy Gyry

iv~c hI Aw jWdIAW hn pr ienHW iv~c srkwrI ic~TIAW nwlo QoVHw AMqr huMdw hY[


4. vpwrk ic~TIAW = (Bussiness Letters) ieh ic~TIAW
kwr-ivhwr , vxj-vwpwr sMbMDI ilKIAW jWdIAW hn[ ieh ie~k vwpwrI qy dUjy
vpwrI nUM mwl-Byjx jW mMgvwaux jW Byjy mwl sMbMDI iSkwieq krn dy BwvW nwl
ilKIAW jWdIAW hn[


ic~TI-p~qr rcnw dy qknIkI nukqy -
= (Technical Points of Letter Writing)

(a) AwrMB =
(A) sMboDnI pd =
(e) ic~TI dw FWcw AwrMB =
(s) AMq = (h) srnwvW-pqw =
()
<siqgur pRswid ] (
)

1. in~jI ic~TIAW - ivAkqIgq ic~TIAW - =
( Private Personal Letters)
(a) AwrMB =

<siqgur pRswid ] ( )
697 pMjwb mwqw ngr
luiDAwxw [
19 dsMbr 2009

277
(A) sMboDnI pd =
h 1. v~fy sMbMDI -mwqw, ipqw, cwcw, AiDAwpk,
siqkwr Xog mwqw jI
prm siqkwr Xog ipqw jI
mwnXog ipqw jI
mwnXog poRPYsr swihb
.........
- siq sRI Akwl ()
crn vMdnw

h 2. hwx dy sMbMDI - jw im~qr, Brw BYx, shylI

myry ipAwry vIr (ipAwrI BYx)........ jI ()
() .......
ipAwry ........ ...........
myry ipAwry ........jI ...........
.........
siq sRI Akwl ()
ipAwr BrI Xwd
im~TI Xwd / Su~B ieCwvW / /

h 3. irSqydwr, sMbMDI, DI, puq qy BqIjy, pqI - pqnI

ipAwry / ipAwrI spu~qr/spu~qrI........
/ () / () ......()....
myrI ipAwrI (rwxI) aupwSnw... ()........
ipAwry (suAwmI jIE) pqI dyv jI
() sRI mwn jI () .......
() sRI mqI jI () .......
.........
AsIsW pu~jx ()
pyRm Xwd /
siq sRI Alwl ( )
sinmr bynqI ()
jY ihMd ( - )

278
 (e) ic~TI dw FWcw AwrMB =

-
-
- ( )

-
-
-
(s) AMq =
v~fy sMbMDI -mwqw, ipqw, BYx Brw Aqy dosq,AiDAwpk,

Awp jI dw ipAwrw spu~qr (dI spu~qrI)
( ) ()
qyrw ipqw (qyrI mwqw)
( ) ()
() Awp jI dw ipAwrw vIr (ipAwrI BYx) ()
() qyrw vIr (qyrI BYx) ( ) ()
Awp dw dosq
quhwfw ipAwrw swQI
quhwfI ipAwrI swQx
(-) quhwfw SuB icMqk
Awp jI dw AwigAwkwrI

(h) srnwvW-pqw =
-

-
-

279
vpwrk ic~TIAW = (Bussiness Letters)

(a) vlo - Byjx vwly dw pqw =

(A ) syvw ivKy - pRwpq krqw dw pqw = ()
(e) ivSw =
(s) sMboDnI pd =
(h) FWcw-swrI g~l dw vyrvw - =
(k) AMiqm pd =
(K) qrIk - p~qr ilKx dw idn - =
srkwrI ic~TIAW = (Official Letters)
(a) vlo - Byjx vwly dw pqw - =

(A ) syvw ivKy - pRwpq krqw dw pqw = ()

syvw ivKy hwaUs tYks AiDkwrI ()
kySvpurw , lwrMs rof,
nvIN id~lI

280
 syvw ivKy mYnyjr swihb, ()
XUnIvristI pbilSrj , ()
nvIN id~lI
29 mwrc 2009 ( )

(e) ivSw =
ivSw : lwiebryrI leI ikqwbw bwry[ ( : )

(s) sMboDnI pd =
au~c drjy dw AiDkwrI ( ijhVw vwk& nhIN)
() sRI mwn jI (sRI mqI jI )
( - ) ( - )
au~c AiDkwr (vwk& hY) jW iksy Prm dw AiDkwrI hY[ ( )
() siqkwr Xog jIau
( )
sRI mwn jI ( - ) (sRI mqI jI ) ( - )

(h) ic~TI dw FWcw AwrMB
=
(k) AMiqm pd =

DMnvwd sihq [
Awp dw ivSvwspwqr

- Awp dw AwigAwkwr

- Awp dw SuB icMqk

Awp dw ivSvwspwqr

(K) qrIk - p~qr ilKx dw idn - =
- -

281
 :- in~jI ic~TIAW =
565 c~krw iPt rof (565 )
PrwnwKOn ()
19 dsMbr 2009 ( 19 2552)

siqkwr Xog ipqw jI , ()

siq sRI Akwl, ( - )

ipqw jI mYN Awp jI nUM ieh pihlI ic~TI ilK irhw hW[......................
......... ( ...) ...........................
.....................................................................................................

mwqw jI nUM nmskwr[ myry vIry nUM ipAwr[ ( )

Awp dw pu~qr ()
suirMdr isMG soFI ( )

:- ArD-srkwrI ic~TIAW - =
syvw ivKy () ipRMsIpl swihbw ( .. -)
mwfl srkwrI hweI skUl (.. )
igl rof, luiDAwxw ( , )

sRI mqI jIE , ( - )

sinmr bynqI hY ik A~j Acwnk myry mwqw jI nUM ikqy bwhr jwxw pY igAw hY[
................( ...)
........................................................................................................

Awp jI dI AwigAwkwrI ()
gurmIq kOr (.. )
klws pMjvI sI, rol nMbr 18( .5 18)

imqI 19 dsMbr 2009 ( 19 2552)

. 5 ()

282
 :- srkwrI qy vpwrk ic~TIAW

= /
ipMf aumrpurw ( )
qihsIl btwlw ( )
izlw gurdwspur (.. )
15 jUn 2009 ( 15 2009)
syvw ivKy , ()
mu~K-mMqrI swihb ( . )
pMjwb sk~qryq ( )
cMdIgVH [ (.. )
ivSw : ielwkw btwlw dy hVH-pIVqw leI mwmlw-muAwPI qy mwiek shwieqw bwry[
( : )
sRI mwn jI , ( . )

sinmr bynqI hy ik ies vwrI hVHW ny btwly dy ielwky dIAW &slW qbwh krky
r~K id~qIAW hn[ [ ies leI AsIN .............................................................
................(
) ...........................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

DMnvwd sihq ()
Awp jI dy dws (Awp jI dw ivSvws pwqr)
()
qihsIl btwlw invwsI

Awp jI dy dws
Awp jI dw ivSvws pwqr

283
 smpUrk ( - Supplement)
-

284
 pMj Panj
Awp Aab pMj Panj
Awp Aab

1. ibAws River Beas

2. ijhlm River Jhelum

3. cnwb River Chenab

4. rwvI River Ravi (Iravati)

5. sqluj River Satluj

:


: 50,362 1.54%
: Chandigarh
700,000
: 30 80%
30% 70%

1.54% 60%

285


:
80%

(.. 1780 - 1839)

Majha Wagha
(

18.00 30 )

Doaba
, ,

Malwa (
Malawis ) Molois
Subah of Malwa

12 Bathinda , Faridkot , Fatehgarh Sahib
Ferozepur , Ludhiana , Mansa , Moga , Muktsar

, Nawan Shahar Patiala , Ropar ,Sangrur

()

286

Punjab history timeline :-
( )
s 200,000
s 2,600 - 1,900 .. : Harappa Culture
s 1,500 - 1,000 .. : Rigvedic Aryan Civilization
s 599 .. : Jainism
s 567 - 487 .. : Buddha
s 550 -515 .. :
Persian Invasion to west of Indus River

s .. :
326 Alexanders Invasion
s 322 - 298 .. : Chandra Gupta Maurya Period
s 273 - 232 .. : King Ashokas Period
s 125 - 160 .. : Rise of Sakas
(known as the ancester of Rajputs )

s 45 - 180 .. : Rules of the Kushanas

s 320 - 550 .. :
s 500 .. :
s 510 - 650 .. :
s 647 - 1192 .. :
s 713 - 1300 .. :
s 8th Century .. :
s 1450 - 1700 .. :
s 1469 - 1539 .. :
Gupta Empire
Hunnic Invasion
Vardhana Era
Rajput Period
Muslim Invaders ( Arabs, Turks)
Arabs capture Sind & Multan
Mughal Rulers over part of India
Guru Nanak Dev Ji ( 1st Sikh Guru) begining of Sikh Religion

s 1539 - 1675 .. : 8

Period of 8 Sikhs Gurus Sahib from Guru Angad Sahib to GuruTegh Bahadur Sahib

s 1675 - 1708 .. : ()
Period of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib (10th Guru Sahib of The Sikh)

s 1699 .. :
Birth of Khalsa Punth by Guru Gobind Singh Sahib

287
s 1708 - 1715 .. : ()
Conquests of Banda Bahadur - Sikh military leader
s 1716 - 1759 .. : Sikhs struggle against
Moghul Governors and state tyranny.

s 1739 .. :
Invasion of Nadir Shah from the west.

s 1749 - 1769 .. :
9 Ahmed Shah Abdalis 9 invasions in Punjab and India.
s 1762 .. : 6
( )
2nd Holocaust (Ghalughara) from Ahmed Shahs 6th invasion.
s 1764 - 1799 .. :
Rule of the Sikh Misls

s 1799 - 1839 .. :
Sikhs Raj ruled by Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh ( 1780 - 1839 CE)

Kharak Singh - Eldest son of Ranjit Singh ( 1801 - 1840 CE)

Nau Nihal Singh - Grandson of Ranjit Singh ( 1821 - 1840 CE)

Sher Singh - Son of Ranjit Singh ( 1807 - 1843)

Dalip Singh - Youngest son of Ranjit Singh was crowned King of Punjab in 1843

s 1849 .. : Annexation

of Punjab - Yhe British Empire annexed Punjab in 1845-49 after two Anglo Sikhs Wars.

s .. : British Rule over whole India

1849 - 1947
s 1911 .. :

Calcutta ceases to be capital of Indian Empire and Delhi is removed from Punjab and becomes

new capital territory.

s 1947 .. :

Partition of India and thus Punjab into two parts.

The Eastern part became the India Punjaband the Western part the Pakistan Punjab

s 1966 .. :
- .

288

1 . 1.5 %
20% 9 % 14 %
2 . Food Basket of the whole Country & Granary of India

3.
1.0 % 2% 2%
4. 10 %
5. (20%)
6. 1/3 (500,000 )
7.
35 125
8. 7.16 10%
9. 918,160
( .. 2000)
10.

(kWh) 790 283 first
() 4,565 2,362 first
99.00% 58.02% first
(%) 100 83.9 first
10,000 556 206 first
(%) 98.8 40.7 second

( Website of Punjab Goverment )

kwlw ihrn bwj
(Black Buck) (Eastern Goshawk)

289
 Amritsar

400 ( - Golden Temple )

Amritsar City Map

City and Railway Station

290
 () Golden Temple
hirmMdr swihb () hir
mMdr swihb
( Lord, Master )

()

(
)
()
.. 2120 (
) .. 2131



.. 2144 4

(
) .. 2146
400 (.. 2546)

.. 2144 12 x 12 20 x20
60

.. 2147 ()

.. 2251
291




.. 2310 ( .. 2323
- 2382)

Golden Temple
7
5
3

1
2

1. 12.0 x 12.0
20 x 20
4 (
)
2. 4 60
60
30
3 . Akwl qKq swihb
.. 2061
5

292

hukmnwmw
.. 2317

.. 2527

Akwl qKq swihb

4 . gurU rwm dws lMgr hwl


50,000 300

gurU rwmdws lMgr hwl

5 .
6 . AMimRq srovr
150 x 150 18

()

7 . kyNdrI is~K Ajwieb Gr

293
 ()
:-

294
 gurU rwm dws lMgr hwl
( )
()

()
50,000
() 100,000
() (
) 300
-

295
 hirmMdr swihb kwr syvw Hari Mandir Sahib - Kar Seva

- .. 2547
50 ..
1923 .. 1973 .. 1984


(
) .. 1984
400 .. 2004
2,000,000 ()

90

Burj Baba Phoola Singh


()

.. 2004
.. 1923 .. 1973
296
 -

+
-

297


( 80 % )
:-
1. 5
() pRkwS idvs sRI gurU goibMd isMG swihb
jI -
22 .. 2209
2. 14
() vYswKI, Kwlsw
dy swjxw idvs - .. 2242
5

3. 16 ShIdI idvs sRI gurU Arjn
dyv jI
(-

298
)
( .. 2149)
4. 01
pihlw pRkwS idvs sRI
Awid gMRQ swihb

.. 2147
5. 20
gurg~dI idvs sRI gurU gMRQ swihb
.. 2251
6. -

()
52
7.
..
2012 pRkwS idvs sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI

8. 24 (
) ShIdI idvs sRI gurU qyg bhwdr swihb
.. 2218

299

Punjabis per country
()



()


( )


Rank Country First language and second Language

1 Pakistan 76,335,300
2 India 29,109,672
3 United Kingdom 2,300,000
4 Canada 800,000
5 United Arab Emirates 720,000
6 United States 640,000
7 Saudi Arabia 620,000
8 Hong Kong 260,000
9 Malaysia 185,000
10 South Africa 140,000
11 Myanmar 120,000
12 France 90,000
13 Italy 80,000
14 Thailand 75,000
15 Japan 75,000
16 Mauritius 70,000
17 Singapore 70,000
18 Oman 68,000
19 Libya 65,000
20 Bahrain 60,000
21 Kenya 55,000
22 Australia 50,000
23 Tanzania 45,000
24 Kuwait 40,000
25 Germany 35,000

300






kuVqw ( Kurta)

dup~tw ( Dupatta)

slvwr ( Salwar)
pMjwbI sUt(Punjabi Suit)
slvwr kmIj ( Salwar Kameez)
slvwr kuVqw ( Salwar Kurta)

.. 1500 -1700

slvwr kuVqw ( Salwar Kurta)
() ()
( - )
slvwr ( Salwar) ()


kuVqw (Kurat) kmIj (Kameez)(
)


()
dup~tw ( Dupatta)
()

301


dsqwr






- ()

302
 pMjwb dy ipMfW dIAW KyfW







A~fI-t~pw (StwpU) -







gIty (tihxw) ()

BMfw - BMfwr -

kb~fI

303


bWty (ip~TU)

ipQo


()
12 .




gu~lI fMfw
- r~sI
kSI ( Rasa Kashi), - pihlvwnI ( Pehlwan - Wrestler), pqMg bwzI
( Patang Bazi - Kite Flying),

kotlw CpwkI ( Kokla Chhapaki),

gwgr iP~sI
304
 sMgIq swz
( )


2 Percussion Instruments


Rhythm
Non-Percussion Instruments
Melody

-
survwjw-hwrmonIAm(Harmonium)


()

-

qblw
(Tabla pair)




305


FolkI (Two-
faced drum)



FolkI

Fol (Dhool)

BMgVw (Phangra)

306
 KVqwlW (Kartel)




KVqwlW

16

icmtw
(Chimta)

5




icmtw

CYxy
( Chaaneh-Cymbal)

fmrU Damroo
CYxy






GuMgrU Ghungroo

307
 CYxw
(Cymbal)

isqwr Sitar

isqwr (Musical string instrument - Sitar)

12 (Amir
Krushrow)

3 3 7 single
sitar sympathetic strings 11 3

Resonance Harmonic
(Pegs)

rbwb
(Musical string instrument - Rabab)



31

-

kwbul rbwb
Kabul Rabab
308
 swrMgI Sarangi

swrMgI (Musical string instrument - Sarangi)

(sau) (rang)


qwaUs
(Musical string instrument - Taus)


28-30


()

qwaUs
String Instrument - Taus

309
 rbwb
- Rabab, idlrubw - Dilruba , qwaUs - Taus , swrMgI Sarangi ,

joVI - Jori ( ), swirMdw - Sarinda

540
( .. 1595 - 1644)
( = )
( .. 1563 - 1606)
( .. 1666 -
1708)


120 - 150 . -Ranjit Nagara

80 - 90 .
()

()

310
 pMjwb rwj -is~ky

.. 1710 -1848


()
()

..1710
..
1848 ()
.. 1710
:-
sikka bar har doalam tegh-i-nanak wahab ast fatah gobind singh shah-i-shahan
fazal sacheha sahib
() ()
() ()
:-
zarb ba aman ud-dahr musawarat shahr zinat al takht mubarak bakht


.. 1764
Gobindshahi sikka
.. 1777 deg tegh fateh -o-
nusrat bedrang, yaft az nanak guru gobind singh
deg
()

311
 tegh fateh

:- The Khalsa Rupees Amritsar - Nanakshahis,
Amritsar - Gobindshahis. Der Jhang Mint , Lahore Mint

Gobindshahis Peshawar Mint ,

Mankara Mint and Multan Mint.

:-
.. 1710
-1715
- misl .. 1765 - 1795

.. 1800 - 1838 .. 1839 -
1849
()
- Sovereignty



() - Spirit of Ths Sikh.
( www.numis.in )

( )




( ) ( )


312


( )
.. 1675

-
100 300

.. 1699

(.. 1780 - 1839)

(
)
-
.. 1830

(.. 1904 - 1992)

313
 : (.. 1885 - 1967)
.. 1947
: (.. 1907 - 1931)
24
: ( .. 1899 - 1940)
(13 1940)
( .. 1919)

1,000
: ( .. 1868 - 1963)

.. 1922
20

: . (.. 1901 - 1965)

: (.. 1932 - 1985)


: ( .. 1899 - 1976)
(.. 1930)
.. 1968
:
( .. 1479 - 1574) ()
84
24

314
 :
18 1998
2 ( .. 1648 - 1717)
() 350
- :






300

: (.. 1718 - 1783)

22
30,000 .. 1783
:
: (.. 1916 - 1994)
.. 1982
4 .. 1984

315


ie~k pYsw do pYsy iqMn pYsy pMj pYsy

One Paisa Two Paise Three Paise Five Paise

ds pYsy p~cI pYsy

pMjwh pYsy ie~k ruipAw
Ten Paise Twenty Five Paise Fifty Paise One Rupee

do rupey - pMj rupey - d~s rupey -

Two Rupees Five Rupees Ten Rupees

nvy ie~k - do rupey

-
New One - Two Rupees

316
 imTweIAW ()








1. KIr (Kheer - Rice pudding)
Payasams


(Guru ka Langar)
2. l~fU (Laddu / Laddoos)


Boondi Laddu /Laddoos

3. br&I ( Barfi / Burfi )




kwjU dI br&I (Cashew Burfi)
Pistachio (Pista Burfi)

imTweI Mithai
317
4. (Sugar Syrub Based Sweets)
gulwbjwmn / rsgu~lw / jlybI / /
(Gulab Jamun / Rusgula / jalebi )

gulwbjwmn rsgu~lw jlybI

Gulab Jamun Rusgula Jalebi

5. hlvw (Havas)

Gajar halwa carrots

gwjr hlvw semolina sUjI hlvw
Gajar halwa Suji halwa

Suji halwa
6. kul&I ( Kuolfi - ice cream or
rolled inconical shape )

kul&I
Kulfi Ice Cream

()

318
 shwiek pusqk-sUcI
1. suimq - pMjwbI ivAwkrx qy rcnwvlI fw. ey. AYs. kwhloN - luiDAwxw
2. AYvrgrIn - pMjwbI ivAwkrx Aqy lyK rcnw IX - X - jlMDr Sihr

3. jIvn pMjwbI ivAwkrx qy lyK rcnw , fw. AivnwS kOr BwtIAw

4. The Punjabi Alphabet Guide - International Institute of Gurmat Studies, Inc.

5. Learn Punjabi in 30 Days - National Integration Language Series - Madras

6. Teach Yourself Panjabi - Punjabi University , Patiala

7. Star - Children Picture Dictionary , English - Punjabi , New-Delhi 110002

8. The Oxford Picture Dictionary , English - Thai , Oxford University Press

9. pMjwbI XUnIvristI - pMjwbI - AMgyRzI koS Patiala

10. pMjwbI XUnIvristI - AMgyRzI - pMjwbI koS Patiala

11. Standard English Grammar by Samran Kumging, Amrin Book Center Co.,Ltd.

12. inrukqk - pMjwbI - AMgyRzI koS , qyjw isMG

13. Lets know Sikhism - Kartar Singh Bhalla

14. The Golden Temple - A Gift to Humanity 400 Years of The Guru Granth Sahib

15. Website www.punjabifoundation.org ,

16. The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism by Harbans Singh - Punjabi University, Patiala

17. Punjab Government Website

18. www.sikhnet.com (Painting of Sikhs)

19. www.sikhcoins.in.com

20. www.numis.in.com

319
 ijsu ismrq siB iklivK nwsih ipqrI hoie auDwro ]
so hir hir qum@ sd hI jwphu jw kw AMqu n pwro ] 1 ]
! ()


pUqw mwqw kI AwsIs ]
inmK n ibsrau qum@ kau hir hir sdw Bjhu jgdIs ]1]rhwau]
!
()
siqguru qum@ kau hoie dieAwlw sMqsMig qyrI pRIiq ]
kwpVu piq prmysru rwKI Bojnu kIrqnu nIiq ]2]
!


AMimRqu pIvhu sdw icru jIvhu hir ismrq And Anqw ]
rMg qmwsw pUrn Awsw kbih n ibAwpY icMqw ]3]
! ()
()

Bvru qum@wrw iehu mnu hovau hir crxw hohu kaulw ]
nwnk dwsu auin sMig lptwieE ijau bUMdih cwiqRku maulw]4]3]4]
!

() ()
( - )

320