API 571 Summary 1 2 3

No Cat. Damage Materials Critical Factors

-800~1100(427~593) -chemistry, stress, ,
1 graphitization() -,, C/S, 0.5Mo -0.7% Cr Graph.(Graph. 1% Mo
-C/S, 0.5Mo microstructure low alloy C-Mo )
-850~1400(440~760)
2 softening(spheroidization) C/S, LAS(low alloy steels) -chemistry, microstructure, ,
-,
-2.25Cr-1Mo, 3Cr-1Mo(to a
-650~1100(343~593)
3 temper embrittlement() lesser extent) and low
-
alloy Cr-Mo-V
-intermediate aging Large grain size and C-0.5Mo
4 stain aging low alloy steel
-/ , / older(pre-1980s) C/S
-400 SS(,405,409,410,410S,430,446)
-allo y2205,2304,2507
-600~1000(316~540)
5 885(475) embrittlement -alloy, Cr, ferrite,
- -wrought ferrite, weld
weld overlay cast 300 S/S

-300 S/S wrought metals, weld

- metal, castings
6 sigma phase embrittlement -alloy, ,
- S/S fracture -
-

7 brittle fracture - fracture C/S, LAS, 400 S/S

-creep deformation rate , load,

8 creep and stress rupture - / , alloys
function.

- cyclic stress
9 thermal fatigue
- thermal cycling ..

short term overheating-stress -localized heating ->, bulging, fired heater tube material
10 -,,
rupture stress rupture(failure) and construction .

-Steam generating equipment

mechanical waterwall generating tube fuel
11 and steam blanketing C/S, LAS -heat flux fluid flow
metallurgical steam generation
failure balance.
mechanisms
coefficients
- 300SS
differing
dissimilar metal weld(DMW) -(300S/S) 30% .
12 austenitic S/S
cracking (C/S or LCS) side ->
C/S low alloy steels
HAZ
ferritic material

13 thermal shock -cold liquid warmer metal surface , alloys

 -erosion between, or solid, liquids, vapor
thereof ()
14 erosion/erosion-corrosion , alloys, refractories
movement
mechanical removal.

-Cavitation formation innumerable tiny Copper and brass, cast iron, C/S,
15 cavitation vapor bubbles instantaneous collapse low alloy steel, 300 S/S, 400 S/S,
erosioin Ni base alloys

engineering alloys failure

-fatigue cracking component extended
stress level
cyclical stresses ,
16 mechanical fatigue cycles
sudden, unexpected failure
Fatigue
degradation mechanical .
cracking

-, water hammer fluid flow

engineering
17 vibration-induced fatigue dynamic loading cracks -refractory , ,
materials
emchanical fatigue

Thermal insulating erosion resistant

refractory materials insulating
refractories oxidation, sulfidation and
ceramic fibers, castables,
18 refractory degradation corrosion
refractory brick, plastic
mechanical damage(cracking, spalling and
refractories .
erosion ) .

-PWHT elevated service

300 SS, LAS, alloy
19 reheat cracking stress relaxation cracking.
800H Ni base alloy
- heavy wall sections

aqueous environment, or -electrolyte, fluid presence

electrolyte nobel metals - electrolyte anode
20 galvanic corrosion
joined , junction cathode alloys
corrosion - anode cathode

-Atmospheric conditions associated C/S, LAS, copper alloyed Al.

21 atmospheric corrosion
corrosion .

insulation fireproofing trapped

-insulation system , insulation ,
22 corrosion under insulation(CUI) water piping, pressure vessels C/S, LAS, 300 SS, duplex SS
environment
structural components corrosion.

Dissolved salts, gases, organic components

C/S, Gr. SS, copper, Al, Ti,
23 cooling water corrosion microbiological activity C/S
Ni base alloys
metals general or localized corrosion.

boiler system general corrosion and C/S, LAS, 300 SS,

24 boiler water condensate corrosion
pitting condensate return piping copper based alloys
 CO2 carbonate acid(H2CO3)
water dissolve carbon dioxide(CO2)
25 CO2 corrosion corrosion . acid pH C/S, LAS -CO2, pH, partial pressure
sufficient quantities C/S general corrosion,
pitting corrosion .
uniform or
localized
-fuel suffer and chlorine species
loss of
26
thickness flue-gas dew-point corrosion products sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and C/S, LAS, 300 SS
hydrogen chloride
-Bacteria, algae or fungi organisms
MIC(microboilogically induced living corrosion . C/S, LAS, 300 SS, 400 SS, Al,
27
corrosion) tubercles slimy organic substances presence copper, Ni base alloys
associated.
soils soil corrosion C/S, cast iron and ductile iron
28 soil corrosion
refered.

evaporate or high heat transfer conditions

caustic or alkaline salts contributing factors caustic(NaOH or
29 caustic corrosion concentration localized corrosion. C/S, LAS, 300 SS KOH) presence. caustic sources;
general corrosion alkali or caustic solution -
strength .

-dealloying leaving a low density(dealloyed)

often porous structure..an alloy alloy 400, cast iron, copper -alloy composition, , aeration degree,
30 dealloying
constituents preferentially attacked alloys(brass, bronze, tin) pH,
selective corrosion mechanism.

gray cast iron, but nodular

and malleable cast irons
graphitic corrosion experience.
-cast irons iron matrix embedded but, nodular and malleable cast
31 graphite corrosion
graphite particles be comprised of . iron attacked crumble
. Free graphite
white iron damage
.

-C/S, LAS, cast wrought

-oxygen oxide scale metal converting
32 oxidation iron based materials - alloy composition
C/S other alloys reacts.
-

environments sulfur compounds

-C/S, 300SS, 400SS
reaction C/S other -alloy composition, , corrosive sulfur
33 sulfidation iron based materials.
alloys corrosion. Hydrogen presence compounds concentration.
-
corrosion accelerate.

C/S LAS, 300 S/S, 400 S/S,

Carbon carbonaceous material carburuzing
cast S/S, significant iron content
34 carburization environment elevated
(, alloys 600 and 800) Ni
material absorbed.
base alloys and HK/HP alloys.

high temp.
corrosion[400
(204)]
 carbon lose condition
high temp. and iron matrix leaving.
-, , process stream carbon
35 corrosion[400 decarburization Decarburization gas environment fires C/S, LAS
(204)] activity.
service ,

-Metal dusting carbon and hydrogen LAS, 300 S/S, Ni base alloys, heat
gases and/or process streams carburizing resisting alloys. -process stream composition, ,
36 metal dusting
localized pitting metal dusting immune alloy composition
carburization metal alloy .
-Fuel Ash Corrosion fuel form deposits
-conventional alloys
contaminants fired heaters, boilers and gas
37 fuel ash corrosion -50Cr-50Ni alloys
metal surfaces melt materials

wastage.

Hard, brittle surface layer ammonia cyanides

-C/S,LAS,300SS,400SS -, , nitrogen partial pressure,
nitrogen compounds high levels
38 nitriding -Ni base alloys metal composition diffusion
process streams
. controlled process.
alloy .

, , aqueous chloride environment - 300SS

chloride stress corrosion cracking -chloride content, pH, , , oxygen
39 300 SS Ni base alloys -duplex SS
(Cl SCC) presence ,Alloy composition
cracking surface initiated cracks. -Ni base alloys

-fatigue cracking cracks cyclic loading

40 corrosion fatigue corrosion combined affects , alloys
fatigue cracking

environment-
Caustic embrittlement non-PWHTd welds
assisted
cracking caustic stress corrosion cracking adjacent caustic equipment C/S,LAS,300 SS , -caustic , metal , stress levels
41
(caustic embrittlement) surface-initiated cracks Ni base alloys function
characterized stress corrosion cracking

a) copper alloys
-ammonia aqueous steams copper -aqueous ammonia, ammonia
- chemical compounds .
alloys stress corrosion cracking(SCC) . compounds environments
42 ammonia stress corrosion cracking b) steel
-C/S anhydrous ammonia SCC copper alloys
-0.2% water anhydrous ammonia C/S
-anhydrous ammonia C/S.
cracking .
 molten metals alloys C/S, LAS, , 300 SS, Ni
43 liquid metal embrittlement(LME) cracking . Cracking base alloys, copper alloys, Al
in nature brittle . alloys, Ti alloys.

C/S, LAS, 300 SS, 400 SS, precipitation

-Atomic hydrogen
44 hydrogen embrittlement(HE) herdenable(PH) SS,
ductility loss brittle cracking .
Ni base alloys.
-Amine Corrosion amine treating processes
- operating practices, amine type,
C/S principally general and/or
45 amine corrosion C/S,300 SS amine concentration, contaminants, ,
localized corrosion refer to. Corrosion amine
.
.
-hydroporcess reactor effluent streams alkaline
sour water handling units
-HN4HS concentration, , localized
ammonium bisulfide corrosion aggressive corrosion.
46 C/S . turbulence, pH, Temo, alloy composition,
(alkaline sour water) - failure localized corrosion
flow distribution.
hydroprocess reactor effluent systems .

Free water phase absence ammonium

: C/S<LAS<300 S/S<
chloride amine salt deposits normally
47 ammonium chloride corrosion alloys 400<duplex S/S<800& 825
general or localized corrosion, pitting
<alloy 625 and C276 < Ti

-hydrochloric acid(aqueous HCI) general and
localized corrosion . concentrations refineries
48 hydrochloride acid(HCI) corrosion -HCI acid concentration, , alloy
construction construction
materials .
-H2S streams hydrogen presence
:C/S<LAS -, hydrogen presence, H2S
49 high temperature H2/H2S corrosion 500(260) sulfide
uniform or <400SS<300SS concentration, alloy composition.
localized
corrosion severity .
loss in
thickness HF acid corrosion high rates general or
-C/S, coppre-Ni alloys, alloy 400
50 phenomena hydrofluoric(HF) acid corrosion localized corrosion hydrogen
-
cracking, blistering and/or HIC/SOHIC .

-crude and vacuum units, naphthenic acid

-C/S, LAS, 300 SS, 400 SS, -naphthenic acid content(neutralization No.),
51 naphthenic acid corrosion(NAC) fractions cuts process
Ni base alloys , sulfur content, , alloy .
downstream units corrosion.
C/S corrosion lubricating oil feedstocks
:C/S<304L SS
52 phenol(carbolic acid) corrosion aromatic compounds solvent
<316L SS<alloy C276
phenol plants .

Phosphoric acid polymerization units

catalyst . Phosphoric acid water :C/S<304L SS
53 phosphoric acid corrosion -acid concentration, , contaminants
content piping corrosion C/S localized <316L SS<alloy 20
corrosion .

-4.5~7.0pH H2S acidic sour water -C/S .

-H2S content, pH, , velocity, oxygen
54 sour water corrosion(acidic) steel corrosion. Carbon dioxide(CO2) -SS, copper alloys and
concentration
present . Ni base alloys
:C/S<316L S/S<alloy 20
C/S other alloys general and localized
55 sulfuric acid corrosion <high silicon cast iron<high Ni
corrosion
case iron<alloy B-2 & alloy C276
 -normally shutdown, startup air moisture
polyhtionic acid stress corrosion 300 SS, alloy 600/600H,
56 present operation stress
cracking(PASCC) alloy 800/800H
corrosion .
-amine cracking combined action
H2S and/or CO2 remove/absorb
aqueous alkanolamine systems corrosion
gas and liquid hydrocarbon streams
their mixtures cracking
.
-amine cracking alkaline stress corrosion cracking - level, amine concentration,
57 amine stress corrosion cracking C/S, low alloy steels
. -
- non-PWHTs C/S weldments or adjacent
highly cold worked parts .
-amine cracking [Link] [Link]
amine environments SCC
environment- types .
assisted
cracking
wet H2S environments C/S LAS
wet H2S damage
58 blistering and/or cracking 4 C/S, low alloy steels
(blistering/HIC/SOHIC/SSC)
types .

aqueous HF acid environments weld

metal HAZ high hardness highly localized
59 hydrogen stress cracking - HF C/S, low alloy steels -steel hardness, ,
zones C/S low alloy steels
environmental cracking

Carbonate stress corrosion cracking( carbonate

cracking referred) carbonate-containing
60 carbonate stress corrosion cracking systems corrosion combined action C/S, low alloy steels -stress levels and water chemistry
C/S welds surface breaking
or cracks

- hydrogen attack elevated pressures : C/S<C-0.5Mo<

hydrogen . Hydrogen Mn-0.5Mo<1Cr-0.5Mo, 1.25Cr- - , , hydrogen partial
high temperature hydrogen attack
61 dissues methane(CH4) 0.5Mo<2.25Cr-1Mo,2.25Cr-1Mo-V pressure, , . Service
(HTHA)
carbides reacts. Carbide loss <3Cr-1Mo,5Cr-0.5Mo& chemistry cumulative.
other variations .
overall loss .
mechanism
-Ti hydriding metallurgical phenomenon
hydrogen Ti diffuses embrittling hydride
62 titanium hydriding Ti alloys -metal , solution chemistry, alloy
phase reacts metallurgical
phenomenon.

1 Spheroidization overlapping competing. Spheroidization 1025(551) preferentially

2 a) (4.2.1 ), b) Spheroidization competing. 1025(552)
3 Intermediate , dynamic Strain Aging refered. Blue brittleness Strain Aging .
4 Temper embrittlement(4.2.3 ), strainage embrittlement(4.2.4 ), 885(475) embrittlement(4.2.5 ), titanium hydriding([Link] ) and sigma embrittlement(4
5 a) creep damage(short term overheating-stress rupture) 4.2.10 . b) reheat cracking(4.2.19 ) heavy wall e
6 a) steam blaketing 4.3.10 caustic corrosion(caustic gousing) . b) characteristics overheating (4.2.10
7 Specialized terminology and/or services erosion and erosion-corrosion . terminology cavitation, liquid impingeme
 8 Reheat cracking stress relief cracking and stress relaxation cracking literature referred.
9 Microbiologically induced corrosion(4.3.8 ), chloride stress corrosion cracking(4.5.1) and galvanic corrosion(4.3.1 )
10 , hydrochloric acid C/S HCL corrosion([Link]) 300 series S/S chloride stress corrosion cracking(4.5.1) condense .
11 Caustic corrosion caustic gouging or ductile gouging refereed. steam blanketing DNB(Departure from Nucleate Boiling)
12 a) dezincification, destannification, denickelification, dealuminification and graphite corrosion dealloying element referred. b) graph
13 selective leaching , graphitic corrosion cast irons dealloying(4.3.11 ) . graphitization, carbides decomposition
14 referred oxidation damage surface scaling . damage mechanisms scope outside internal oxidation
15 Sulfidation sulfidic corrosion . Hydrogen presence sulfidation [Link] covered.
16 Metal dusting carburization form 4.4.5 .
17 Metal dusting catastrophic carburization . Carburization 4.4.3 .
18 a) hot corrosion, hot ash corrosion, molten salt corrosion, oil ash corrosion coal ash corrosion . b) waterwall tubes
19 gas-metal surface reactions carburization(4.4.3 ) metal dusting(4.4.5 ) environments .
20 Amine cracking([Link]) and carbonate cracking([Link]) alkaline SCC other .
21 a) LME LMC(Liquid Metal Cracking) referred. b) Ni alloys 1157(625) Ni-Ni sulfide eutectic
22 hydrogen falking, underbead cracking, delayed cracking, hydrogen assisted cracking, hydrogen induced cracking . Sulfide stress cracking([Link]) and HF
23 Hydrogen absence sulfidation 4.4.2 .
24 C/S alloy 400 environment cracking HF . HF hydrogen stress cracking [Link] blistering HIC/SOHIC damage
25 Sulfidation NAC competing and complimentary .
26 environments other factors wet H2S damage([Link]) carbonate SCC([Link]) .
27 polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking(PTA SCC), Intergranular Corrosion(IGC) and Intergranular Attack(IGA) .
28 Amine cracking termed amine stress corrosion cracking alkaline stress cracking(ASCC) . Caustic stress corrosion cracking(4.3.10
29 a) SSC hydrogen stress cracking(hydrogen embrittlement) .(4.5.7 ) b) amine cracking([Link] ) and carbonate cracking([Link] ) wet H2
30 , HF acid hydrogen generating wet H2S environments sulfide stress corrosion cracking responsible .
31 Carbonate cracking termed carbonate stress corrosion cracking alkaline stress corrosion cracking(ASCC) . Amine cracking([Link]
32 HTHA boiler tubes , hydrogen damage fossil utility industry is refered.
33 Hydriding Ti and Zirconium alloys a few materials unique damage .
 4 5 6 7
Units or Equipment / / /
800(427)
- readily .
low alloy steel
-metallographic .
Cr.
- readily . elevated
-metallographic .
-readily .
-:reactor alloy steel
-impact test
original heat block
metallurgical .

- relived -detailed metallurgical strain aging control

wall vessels brittle cracks . .

-metallography readily -low ferrite non- alloy

bend impact test embrittling range
metallurgical . .

-readily metallurgical -sigma formation restraint

metallographic impact alloy embrittling range
test . .

- brittle fracture
.
- vessels pre-existing
falws/defects
-creep damage electron
microscope

-thermal fatigue cracks component

-thermal stress, thermal cycling
oxides .
,
-cracks single multiple cracks .

- , failures knife-edge
- fired heater tubes. drawn fracture edges -localized excursions
open brust ->ductile rupture.

burners flame impingement

.

-DMW refineries process -cracks HAZ

plants . toe .

- damage highly localized

cracks "craze" cracks
locate .
.
-PT, MT
 - shape, geometry,
.

-damage sharp-edged pitting

- pump casings, pump impellar(low
rotational components goused .
pressure side) orifices control v/v
-damage localized low-pressure zones
piping downstream .
.

-"beach mark", "calm shell", "wave". -cyclic services component

-PT, UT, SWUT
- .

-thread weld joint

discontinuity
.

-refractory, anchors, fillers ,

, damage .

-nozzle heavy wall piping -UT,MT: C/S,LAS surface cracks

high restraint area heavy wall vessels . -[Link]: 300 SS, Ni base alloy cracks
-HSLA steels reheat cracking . -UT: embedded cracks

-conductive fluid alloys coupled -VI, UT: galvanic corrosion

- bolted connection - " "
unit . - damage bolt rivet head underneath
-
- .

-surface preparation caoting

-present
application corrosive environments VT, UT
piping equipment.
critical.

-carbon LAS pitting loss .

-

-cooling water system ,

, chemical treatment .
 -VT, UT, RT: water wetting anticipaed
-corrosion inhibitors stream condensate general and local loss .
-C/S localized thinning, pitting corrosion.
-boiler feedwater, condensate sysetms, systems corrosion . -angle probe UT, RT: weld seams
-
- preferential corrosion.
-

-UT wall : econmizer tubes

wastage .
-VT, PT: 300 SS stress corrosion cracking.
-heat exchangers, storage tank bottom water,
-MIC corrosion organisms shield
stagnant flow piping, soils
deposits tubercles localized pitting
piping.
.
-
-soil corrosion pitting localized loss
external thinning .
-UT: caustic general corrosion
, caustic
corrosion localized loss locate
.
-injection points API 570 .
-UT scan, RT
-steam generation equip.: boroscope and VI
-many alloys affected area
one element alloy ,
- soils , underground cast iron . scale attack
deep etched(corroed) .
piping. .
-
-

-wide spread the majority of component

-UT: damage .
localized areas .
-
-

-C/S LAS alloys oxidation -oxidation more resistant -

general thinning suffer. alloy upgrading . - UT: loss .

-process conditions
sulfur levels .
-self-containing streams processed - Cr alloy upgrading . -
piping equipment. - -proactive and retoractive PMI programs
sulfidation anticipated service alloy
mix-ups verification check .

-attack carburization
-fired haeter tubes -carburization depth metallography
.
- .
-
 -fired metallography replication(FMR)
-elevared , fire
-damage metallography . decarburization .
equipment .
-

-carburizing fired heater tube,

thermowells, furnace components.
-

-aforementioned contaminants fules

-VI: hot ash corrosion .
fired heater gas turbine

dull gray surface color

nitriding .
- - component surface confined
-
, fairly . dull, dark gray .
-metallography nitirding .
-EC: nitriding .
-cracking connected surface
-surface breaking cracks insulation visually .
process side externally . -PT phase analysis EC .
-300 SS piping, pressure vessel components.
-material corrosion visible sign. -construction resistant materials . -EC: piping, pressure vessels
-
- condenser tubes .
-fracture surfaces brittle . -extremely fine cracks: PT .
-UT

a) rotating equipment
-UT, MT: crack detection .
cyclic stress equipment b) deaerators
ratating equip, deaerators, cycling boilers. -cracking WFMT .
a) rotating equipment
-many of the cracks: very tight
-
c) cycling boilers
b) deaerators
-
-
-UT or EMATS: boiler highly stressed
regions .

-crack detection: WFMT, EC, RT, ACFM

-PT: tight, scale-filled cracks
- in adjacent detection .
propagates weld deposits HAZ. -crack depth: external SWUT UT
-AET: crack growth growing
cracks locating .
a) copper alloys
-surface breaking cracks bluish corrosion
-heat exchanger copper-zinc alloy tubes. products .
- b) steel
-cracking non-PWHT HAZ
.
 -MT:
-LME damage otherwise -PT: 300 SS, Ni base alloys
ductile material brittle cracks -RT: mercury density heat Exch. tubes
- deposits locate .

-HE cracking sub-surface -hydrogen alloy , fabrication/ -PT,MT,WFMT: surface cracking inspection
surface breaking. history source . -UT: HE cracks .
- - -RT: HE cracks sensitive X

-C/S LAS general uniform thinning, localized -VI, UT: internal equip. .
underdeposit attack suffer. -UT scan, RT: external .

-hydroprocessing units -
-FCC units
-high and low velocity areas UT, RT
-sour water strippers(SWS)
-high NH4HS concentration control v/v
-mine units
-delatyed coker UT downstream.

-crude tower overheads -ammonium chloride salt accumulation

-hydrpprocessing localized the resulting
-salts whitish, greenish or brownish .
-catalytic reforming corrosion .
- -RT, UT: wall .

-crude units: -crude units: -C/S damage general thinning

-C/S LAS general uniform thinning, localized
-hydroprocessing: -hydroprocessing: water phase condene
corrosion underposit attack suffer.
-catalystic reforming -catalystic reforming localized.

-corrosion process side -corrosion damage high Cr content

-UT, VT, RT: loss .
uniform loss iron sulfide scale alloys .
-
formation . -

-corrosion C/S localized general or severe -150(66) C/S

-acid carryover HF alkylation unit, flare
thinning . loss -UT, RT: loss .
piping and downstream units piping Equip.
- alloy 400 upgraded .

-localized corrosion, pitting corrosion, high

-UT/RT localized
velocity areas flow induced grooving
corrosion locate .
characterized.
-UT, RT: loss
- phenol solvent chemistry
lubes plant phenol extraction facilities -corrosion: ER corrosion probes
control .
and corrosion coupons

-water eliminated ,
-water catalyst mix polymerization -UT, RT: loss
C/S general or localized thinning corrosion resistant materials
piping equipment -
upgrading option.

-FCC overhead systems high H2S

-UT,RT:locally thinned areas evidence
levels low NH3 levels coker gas
.
fractionation.
-sulfuric acid alkylation units, waste water
-mostly general in nature, C/S weld -UT/RT:turbulent zones hottest areas.
treatment plants
HAZ attacks. -corrosion:coupons, ER probes
-
 -sensitized alloy units sulfur
-PT PASCC crack .
-containing environments .

-crack WFMT SVFM

.
-PT tight and/or scale filled cracks
.
- cracks Min. branching
cracks depths external SWUT
UT .
-AET crack growth
growing cracks locate .

-
-wet H2S environment
-extreanl SWUT UT .
blistering, HIC, SOHIC, SSC
-AET crack growth
damage refinery .
.

- hardness level -surface breaking cracks WFMT

-metallographic exam .
concentration HF acid .
( cracking intergranular)
piping equipment. -

-
-AET crack growth
growing cracks locating .

-damaged areas metallographic -

specialized . -AET damage

-overhead condensers sour water

-readily metallurgical . -Ti leak , -specialized eddy current
strippers and amine units, heat exchanger
-metallurgical mechanical test amine sour water hydriding damage
tubes, piping, 165(74)
. hydriding services . reported.
Ti equipment .

, predominate .
Spheroidization . 1025(552) , spheroidized .

ement(4.2.6 )
vy wall equipment .
0 )
pingement erosion, fretting and .
 iling) .
b) graphitic corrosion cast iron further 4.3.12 .
position confused (4.2.1 )
.

ubes circumferential cracking corrosive environment aggravated thermal fatigue .(Fig. 4-73)

.
HF hydrogen stress corrosion cracking([Link]) hydrogen embrittlement .

[Link] .

) carbonate stress corrosion cracking([Link] ) ASCC .

wet H2S environments , wet H2S damage various forms confused.

) and caustic stress corrosion cracking(4.5.3 ) ASCC .

 8

N/A

N/A

N/A

corrosion fatigue,
dissimilar metal
weld cracking

creep/stress
rupture

thermal fatigue,
corrosion fatigue

N/A
 7

liquid impingement
or eorsion

vibration
induced
fatigue

mechanical
fatigue,
refractory
degradation

oxidation,
sulfidation,
flue gas dew
point corroxion

soil corrosion

corrosion under
insulation

atmospheric
corrosion,
oxidation,
chloride SCC

CO2 corrosion,
corrosion fatigue,
eorsion/eorsion-
corrosion
 boiler
water
condensate
corrosion,
carbonate
cracking

10

cooling water
corrosion

galvanic
corrosion

11

12

13

14

15

16
 HTHA

17

18

19

caustic SCC,
polythionic SCC

mechanical
fatigue,
vibration
induced
fatigue

20

N/A
 21

22

aime stress
corrosion
cracking

erosion/erosion
corrosion

HCI corrosion

ammonium
chloride
corrosion,
chloride SCC,
localized
corrosion
23

24

25

N/A

N/A

26

N/A
27

28

29

30

31

32

33