Transnistria is a separatist region within Moldova.

The location of this regions is between

the river Dniestr and Ukranian border. The conflict between Transnistria and Republic of
Moldova appeared in 1924, when the Soviet Union established the Moldavian Autonomous
Soviet Socialist Republic in the area to the east of the river Dniestr. At the end of World War II
on the west side of river Transnistria and Bessarabia came under the control of the Moldavian
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

National-cultural consolidation of the Moldovan nation demanded generation to common

moldavian language. Principles of the formation of such language based on dialects of the right
bank of the Dniester were developed in March 1941. The scientific session in Chisinau on the
problems of the Moldovan linguistics approved new rules of Moldovan literary language,
including spelling rules based on linguistic tradition. The implementation of language reforms
continued after the end of World War II.

The presence of the Moldovan statehood strengthen their own national identity, protected
from the administrative part of ethnocultural and Romania pressure. Moldavian cultural
sovereignty also relied on the Moldovan national identity. In the socio-economic development
the Republic of Moldova was better than Romania. In the Moldavian SSR on 1 September 1958
was implemented the study of the Moldovan language in schools with Russian language of
instruction. In the 50 years was established a number of Moldovan or Moldovan-Russian
language edition of magazines and newspapers, which opens up new possibilities of creative
intelligentsia growth.

Despite of Moldova's cultural tradition, Romanians began purposeful destruction of

linguistic individuality, inherent in the Moldavian classical literature and Moldavian live speech.
Social and economic reasons for the appearance nationalist, separatist movements were not in
the country. Moldavian language was functioning in education, science, culture and worship.
However, its position in the political life, the official communication, record keeping were weak,
also it has not taken root in the financial and technical fields. The school gave a quality
education, opens the door to the youth at the most prestigious universities in the country.

In the 60-70-ies with the advent of the II Bodyula- pro-Romanian regime and its
consequences in fact hardened. The peculiarity of Moldavian oral speech, phonetic and lexical
peculiarities of the language - melody, soft pronunciation, dictionary identity, distinguishing it
from the literary Romanian language - Romanians interpreted as evidence of some kind of
cultural backwardness of Moldovans.
 The workers and peasants, people with higher education do not have time to absorb the
stream merged with the Moldovan literary language borrowed from Western European languages
lexical units. Moldovan press overloaded neologisms became affordable enough even for the
intellectuals. The readers find a way out of the difficulty, referring to the Russian newspapers.
Moldovans also have not assimilated Romanian pronunciation. Poor knowledge of the new
literary language prevented its spread in official communication and record keeping.

In 50-60s also determined by the diversity of national and cultural landmarks of

Moldovans residing on the right and left banks of the Dniester. The Romanians didnt like the
left bank Moldovans.

The Ethnic course in personnel policy, leadership prevailed in period Bodiul II gradually
limited social prospects of the population. Russian and Ukrainian young people of Transnistria
are increasingly focused on education not in Chisinau, Moldova and outside - in Russia and
Ukraine, particularly in Odessa. After university studies they worked there and not really came
back. And only thanks to the rise of industrial 70-80s, especially the construction of a
metallurgical plant in Ribnita, Transnistria has attracted a lot of workers and specialists,
replenishes losses from emigration. Nevertheless, the tension was not reduced in the society.

National-cultural and human resource policies of Chisinau and aggravated the left bank of
the Dniester discontent of the population with policy of investment in the social sphere. The
population of the region strengthened the opinion that the rapid housing construction in the
capital is carried out in a large part of the funds from industry of Tiraspol, Rybnitsa, Bender. The
peasants did not understand why the land tax and other payments to the left-bank areas was twice
higher than at the right bank. The concentration of scientific institutions and institutions of
higher education in Chisinau, including technical, was also aware of the society, as a form of
regional discrimination of Transnistria.

Under the slogan "One language - one people" romanians openly demanded that the
Moldovan rejection of Moldovan national identity. they were imposed on people, their language
and their culture. The country embarked on the formation of new social and political structures.

On 8 January, 1989 there was an initiative group Intermovement "Unitate". Then on July 8
with the participation of 437 delegates from all cities and districts of Moldova held a founding
congress Intermovement. There was also Gagauz national movement "Gagauz Halki". In order to
protect national cultures intelligentsia were created Russian, Ukrainian, Jewish, Bulgarian,
Polish and other ethnic-cultural society. On May 23, 1989 the Tiraspol city council appealed to
the Bureau of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR to adopt a law on the functioning of the
two republic state languages - Russian and Moldovan. Intermovement required to endure
questions about the status of the Moldovan and Russian languages and schedule a referendum on
the Moldovan language. Representatives of STK, meeting on August 11 in Tiraspol, created a
focal point for the labor movement Moldova - United STK (UCWC) and decided to hold the Aug
16 two-hour warning strike demanding to postpone the session of the Supreme Council.

The workers demonstrated their organization and determination: the strike was attended by
over 30 thousand people.. However, the radical nationalists of the Central Committee of the
CPM headed for worsening civil conflict and reaffirmed the decision making on the discussion
of the new draft law of the Supreme Council, prompting a Republican political strike.

On August-September 1989 - In the cities of Transnistria are numerous strikes against

discrimination on the basis of language. The strikers are trying to attract the attention of the
Soviet leadership to the events in the Moldavian Soviet Union. However, the first and last
president of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev requires UCWC to stop the protests and supporting
nationalist regime in Moldova. And the residents of Transnistria feel betrayed and abandoned of
Moscow.

The main achievement of the strike, which allows to speak about its success, was the sense
of the working class, representatives of labor collectives of his power, who have realized that to
win goal it is necessary, first of all, the unity of action. More could not rely on the local party
organs, because the party nomenclature of their own selfish interests was ready to betray and sell
anyone. It was then, in the crucible of political strike, the union hammered out three main
industrial centers of Transnistria - Tiraspol, Rybnitsa, Bender, who subsequently led the struggle
for the establishment of the republic.

The unprecedented surge of political activity of labor collectives of Transnistria, displayed

their cohesion and organization, strong support of the entire population of the province in the
period of political strike in August-September, 1989, it could not cause alarm and concern in the
circles of the party functionaries.

On November-December 1989 there have been calls for the need for the formation of the
Transnistrian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within Moldova. On December 91% of
residents spoke out on the Rybnitsa referendum "for" the idea. In the future, such referendums
will be held in all cities and districts of Transnistria. Autonomy, according to Transdnestr, to
protect the left bank of the Dniester River from discrimination by Moldovan nationalists.
 On June 2, 1990 in Parcani gather elected representatives of cities and regions of
Pridnestrovie, who decide to create a free economic zone in Transnistria. This was a new step on
the path to independence. The left bank or Dniester more gets out of control in Chisinau.

On September 2, 1990 in Tiraspol elected deputies from the towns and villages of
Transnistria proclaimed the creation of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
(PMSSR) in the USSR. However, the federal authorities in Moscow were against the new
education. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the new state would automatically become
politically independent. But history decided otherwise.

On November 2, 1990 in the first collisions occur Dubossary civilians from the Moldovan
police. The first blood flowed, became forerunner of a future war.

The 25 of August 1991 - PMSSR declares its independence. Following the August putsch
in Moscow, the Soviet Union began to disintegrate rapidly. Many Soviet republics declared its
independence,. As for Moldova, its independence, it announced on August 27, two days after
Transnistria.

On March 2, 1992 begins an open armed conflict between Moldova and Transnistria. Until
now shooting on the Dniester periodically flared up throughout 1991. However, from March
begin large-scale hostilities. Moldovan authorities during the conflict have sought to suppress the
power of the mood of Transnistria's independence. The residents of Transdniestria came to the
defense of their rights and freedoms.

The ending of this civil war was on June-July 1992. Fighting in Bender became the
bloodiest in the history of the conflict. Moldovan police action led to the intervention of Russia
in the conflict, which has moved in relation to Transdniestria by ignoring the active support.
Russian peacekeepers stopped the war on the Dniester and laid the foundation for a peaceful
settlement of the Transnistrian conflict.

After these conflicts Transnistia begins to develop and issued its own currency. After
creating the TMR as money used Soviet ruble and the Russian Federation and the portrait of
Alexander Suvorovon it. In 1994 was introduced the Transnistrian ruble.

On May 8, 1997 with the mediation of Russian and Ukrainian Presidents of Moldova and
Transnistria signed a memorandum on normalizing relations. The contract provided for "game
rules" for negotiations between the two countries. In the future, this document was the basis for
diplomatic consultations of Transnistria and Moldova. Republic of Moldova has recognized the
right of Transnistria to establish its own constitution and international economic and cultural
relations. According to some experts, it was a de facto recognition of Moldova's political
autonomy of Transnistria. At the same time in Tiraspol continue to insist on full independence.

It receive a "currency reform" in the PMR on January 1, 2001. New banknotes entered into
circulation and the ruble denominated itself a million times in relation to the former: 1 ruble in
2001 is 1 000 000 of 1994.

Moldova replaces customs seals, resulting in the TMR company must obtain permission to
export in Chisinau that led to the disruption of the work of exporting enterprises. Begins a period
of Moldovan economic pressure on Transnistria.

The 2003 is the year when Russia has proposed to resolve the Transnistrian problem.
"Kozak Memorandum" suggests to unite Moldova and Transdniestria in a federal state.
Transnistria on the plan received broad autonomy within Moldova. The parties signed a
document almost, but at the last moment, Moldovan President Vladimir Voronin handed back.
Political analysts call this moment missed chance to resolve the Transnistrian conflict. At the
same time, criticism of the memorandum believe that its adoption would deprive Moldova's
European prospects.

Since March 1, Ukraine stopped flowing into its territory of goods without Moldovan
certification that hit the Transnistrian economic agents. PMR Authorities imposed retaliatory
sanctions and stopped flowing goods in transit in the Moldovan and Ukrainian lines through its
territory. Transnistrian exporters now have to obtain a license in Chisinau, which will lead
eventually to their double taxation and increase the cost of goods.

In Transnistria was referendum17 September 2006, which resulted in 97.1% of the citizens
were in favor of the course "on independence and further free Transdnestr joining the Russian
Federation." The only result of this event was the recognition of the republic 3 states: Abkhazia,
South Ossetia and Nagorno-Karabakh.

Since 2008, Russia has an extensive humanitarian assistance to Transnistria: supplement to

pensions, crediting of agriculture, funding educational programs. Also 2012 became favorable in
the TMR, creates autonomous Russian non-profit organization "Eurasian integration" to support
Transnistria. It starts a large-scale construction of social facilities.

On 2014 Russia and Transnistria signed seven memorandums of cooperation between

public authorities in the sphere of economy, industry, transport, agriculture, competition,
education and science, culture.
 In 2014 and 2015 the strengthening the political and economic pressure on Transnistria
from Moldova and Ukraine: criminal cases against employers and politicians to PMR, the
restriction of movement of the citizens of PMR, the problems with the licenses for the export of
Transnistrian companies.

On September 2015 Republic noted the 25th anniversary of his dramatic and eventful
history. According to political analysts, Transnistria proved their right to independence. Given
the current geopolitical conjecture, many experts believe that the political recognition of the
republic - its guarantee of safety. At the same time today, the TMR is experiencing economic,
political and information siege.

As a citizen born in Transnistria, I can say that here live the same ordinary people as well
as in other countries. But because of political conflicts the country is on the spot and further
development I do not really see. Many citizens of this small country want to join with Russia, but
this step will lead to new conflicts, and on the other hand Russia does not need Transnistria. It is
a very sad picture of the current living standards of people, but as we all believe in better with
the hope of a good future for the residents of this small state.
 Bibliography:

1. Pryakhin, F. Regional conflicts in the former Soviet Union (Abkhazia, South Ossetia,
Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria, Tajikistan). - M .: Gnoi and D 1999
2. Smolensky VG national conflicts in the USSR and the CIS (1985- 1992 years). - Ulan-
Ude, 1996
3. Tiraspol and Chisinau signed a memorandum // Nezavisimaya Gazeta. - 1997 - 12 May. -
84
4. Lebedeva MM Inter-ethnic conflicts in the turn of the century (methodological aspect) //
MEI MO. - 2000. - 5.
5. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/adst/moldovas-transnistrian-co_b_11180694.html
6. http://vestnik.mid.gospmr.org/?newsid=29
7. http://newspmr.com/istoriya-pmr/istoriya-sozdaniya