Abstract

V block is a device use for mechanical works and operation. V block is a supporting device use
in mechanical operation. V-Blocks are precision metalworking jigs typically used to hold round
metal rods or pipes for performing drilling or milling operations. They consist of a rectangular
steel or cast iron block with a 90-degree channel rotated 45-degrees from the sides, forming a V-
shaped channel in the top. A small groove is cut in the bottom of the "V". They often come with
screw clamps to hold the work. There are also versions with internal magnets for magnetic work
holding. V-blocks are usually sold in pairs.

INTRODUCTION
These are widely used for workshop and inspection purposes for checking out the roundness
of cylindrical workpieces and for marking centers accurately, etc. Generally the angle of V is 90

Fig V-Block.
And these are available in wide variety of shapes. Sometimes clamps are also provided which
bridge
the vee to secure the work. These are also supplied as matched pairs in which case two V-blocks
are of similar size and of the same grade of accuracy. In the case of V-blocks the working
surfaces
are flanks of vees, base end faces, top and side faces. (Refer Fig.)
As in the case of surface plates, here also the tolerance on flatness is defined
as the maximum permissible distance separating two imaginary parallel planes, within which the
surface under consideration can just be enclosed. Similarly the tolerance on squareness is defined
as the maximum permissible distance separating two imaginary parallel planes, (which are
perpendicular to the datum face of the part in question) within which the surface under
considera-
tion can just be enclosed.
Design

V-blocks are furnished by hand scraping process till they have a bearing area of not less than
20%. Any departure from flatness in case of vees should be a convexity and on other surfaces it
should be a concavity. In a direction parallel to the axis of the vee the departure from flatness
should
be a concavity and not convexity.

The v block is holding job while operation has been performed on. Above v block is designed on
CATIA as per dimension like (50*50*20). The designed is done as per the required of
application. Since it was to be designed to bear high loads it was mandatory to use a strong
material considering the weight. The designed had a equivalent stress of 657 MPa.
Analysis
To make a proper designed model analysis is required which is done on ANSYS. The analysis id
done on equivalent stress, strain and total deformation. The analysis was done by applying
perpendicular force on the face of v-block and was check for maximum yield stress and total
deformation. The result illustrated the exceed stress of 3.677MPa. Hence it was necessary to
modify and optimize the design.

Modification

According to the result generated by ANYSIS, it was observe that the maximum stress was
produced due to the less upper face thickness of the component. So in modification by increasing
the width of the upper face and removing the material from front face to compensate the weight.
The fig shows the modification of the design
Analysis

The modified v-block design was again analysised in ANYSIS as stress, strain and total
deformation. and the result optained were below the maximum limit and the deformation starts at
2901MPa and the total design was safe.

Conclusion
The v- block design was successfully designed analysised and optimized as per the need of
application considering its weight, the table below shows the comparision between the original
and modified component.

Sr.No. Parameters Original Modified

1 Materials Structural steel Structural steel
2 Equivalent stress 6576MPa 5215MPa
3 Total deformation 0.0017mm 0.00116mm
4 weight 0.300 kg 0330 kg