TEXTBOOK

FOR STUDENTS OF
PHARMACY

by
Jusztina Nagy Jnossy, Zsuzsa Kiss,
Mnika Krasznai and Gabriella Marschalk
 TEXTBOOK
FOR STUDENTS OF
PHARMACY

by

Jusztina Nagy Jnossy, Zsuzsa Kiss,

Mnika Krasznai and Gabriella Marschalk

Department of Foreign Languages

University of Debrecen
Medical and Health Science Center
2005
Contents
Preface .. 4
The History of Pharmacy 5
Digestive system.7
Major parts and functions of the system.8
Word building...10
Indigestion.11
What herbs may relieve the condition?.11
Pharmacology12
Some diseases affecting the gastrointestinal system.14
Medication/Treatment...14
Vocabulary ...17
Vitamins...19
How can I tell if I am getting enough of the B vitamins?20
Water soluble vitamins..20
Fat soluble vitamins..21
Vocabulary25
The lungs and respiratory system..27
Word building...31
Pharmacology33
Asthma..36
Herbs used as a natural asthma remedy38
Cough39
Herbal cough medicines40
Vocabulary41
Skin...43
Major parts and functions of the skin44
Word building...47
Eczema..48
What herbs may relieve the condition?.48
Types of skin preparation..49
Skin disorders50
Vocabulary ...52
The eye.54
Word building...55
Conjunctivitis56
Dry eye..56
Contact lens problems...57
Applying medicines to the eye..58
Vocabulary59
The ear.60
Word building...61
Outer ear problems62
Wax...62
Applying ear drops62
Vocabulary64
The mouth ...65
Mouth ulcers..65
Medicines for mouth ulcers...65
Thrush67
Treatment for thrush..68
 Vocabulary69
Cardiovascular system71
Blood pressure..71
Pharmacology73
Medicines for high blood pressure75
Word building...77
The heart78
Circulatory problems.79
Blood Clots80
Anticoagulants...81
Vocabulary83
Methods of drug administration ...86
Enteral medication ...87
Parenteral medication ...88
Topical application ...89
Drug forms ...90
Vocabulary ...92
Prescription Writing...94
Appendices .... 99
1 Zantac 75 Relief 100
2 Zirtek ...103
3 Germolene Cream .. 107
4 Amoxycillin .110
5 Oraldene . 114
6 Amoxicillin . 116
7 Germoloids . 118
8 Table of chemical elements .120
English-Hungarian vocabulary122
Acknowledgements133
 Preface

You are holding a new textbook for students of pharmacy. This book was initiated by the
Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Centre of the University of Debrecen as
well as a special project called Vilgnyelv Program. The book is aimed at teaching pharmacy
students some of the basic vocabulary of their field of science to enable them to communicate
their knowledge in English at scientific meetings, conferences or everyday situations at work.
Students may also benefit from the teaching material when, preparing their diploma work,
they have to read or skim quite a few articles in English.

The material has been chosen to meet the above expectations, that is why only certain topics
have been selected in the texts and exercises. Each topic is presented in a similar way: There
is a short introduction of an organ or system, followed by some Latin and Greek word roots,
suffixes and prefixes. This is usually followed by the outlining of some common conditions,
their remedies, and lots of exercises. In the Pharmacology section special attention has been
paid to the different types of classical drugs while alternative medicine has been included
in sections briefly discussing herbs and their effects. Each unit is completed with a
Vocabulary section and you will also find an English-Hungarian vocabulary at the end of the
book.

About the topics: it was kept in mind that students need a vocabulary which they can use in
everyday situations. Clients (especially foreigners) are most likely to seek a pharmacists help
for minor problems such as certain skin irritations, aches and pains, coughs, sore eyes,
feverish conditions or diarrhoeas, etc., which require an immediate solution, sometimes even
before they can see a doctor. As each unit is self-contained you may not wish to insist on the
order in which the individual topics are discussed. You decide which one you would like to
start with.

The authors look forward to and welcome any comments and/or recommendations.
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The digestive system (also known as the gut or gastrointestinal system) includes the
gullet (oesophagus), stomach, small and large intestines, the rectum and anus. Chewed food
passes from the mouth into the oesophagus, down into the stomach where digestive juices
(including hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin) break down the food into smaller
particles; these pass into the small intestine, where more enzymes break them down (digest
them) into molecules small enough to be absorbed through the intestinal wall into the
bloodstream. These molecules go to the liver, which sorts them and breaks them down further
(metabolises them) into nutrients for the body to use. The remnants of digestion pass to the
large intestine (colon) where water is absorbed into the bloodstream leaving stools (faeces),
which are passed out of the body through the anus.

oesophagus

Digestive system
Exercise 1 True (
) or false ( )?
1. The digestive system is also referred to as the gullet.
2. The digestive system, among others, contains the intestines.
3. The digestive system ends at the anus.
4. Digestive juices are produced in the oesophagus.
5. Digestive juices are absorbed through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream.
6. The large intestine is called the colon.
7. The contents of the colon are referred to as the faeces.
8. Hydrochloric acid is an enzyme in the stomach.
9. The liver metabolises molecules from the small intestine into nutrients for the body to use.
10. Chewed food passes from the mouth into the small intestines.

Exercise 2 Match the words in columns A and B

Column A Column B
1. gastrointestinal a. break down into nutrients
2. colon b. stools
3. hydrochloric acid c. final portion of digestive system
4. pepsin d. gut
5. faeces e. gullet
6. metabolise f. HCl
7. digest g. break down
8. anus h. large intestine
9. oesophagus i. ingredient in food
10.nutrient j. enzyme

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Major parts and functions of the system

Food provides us with fuel to live, energy to work and play, and the raw materials to build
new cells. All the different varieties of food we eat are broken down by our digestive system
and transported to every part of our body by our circulatory system.

Mouth
Teeth bite off and chew food into a soft pulp that is easy to swallow. Chewing mixes the food
with watery saliva, from six salivary glands around the mouth and face, to make it moist and
slippery.

Oesophagus
The oesophagus, or gullet, is a muscular tube. It takes food from the throat and pushes it down
through the neck, and into the stomach. It moves food by waves of muscle contraction called
peristalsis.

Stomach
The stomach has thick muscles in its wall. These contract to mash the food into a semisolid
mass. Also the stomach lining produces strong digestive juices. These attack the food in a
chemical way, breaking down and dissolving its nutrients.
Pancreas
The pancreas, like the stomach, makes powerful digestive juices called enzymes which help
to digest food further as it enters the small intestines.

Gall bladder
This small pear-shaped structure is tucked under the liver. It stores a fluid called bile, which is
made in the liver. As food from a meal arrives in the small intestine, bile flows from the gall
bladder along the bile duct into the intestine. It helps to digest fatty foods and also contains
wastes for removal.

Small intestines
This part of the tract is narrow, but very long - about 20 feet. Here, more enzymes continue
the chemical attack on the food. Finally the nutrients are small enough to pass through the
lining of the small intestine, and into the blood. They are carried away to the liver and other
body parts to be processed, stored and distributed.

Large intestine
Any useful substances in the leftovers, such as spare water and body minerals, are absorbed
through the walls of the large intestine, back into the blood. The remains are formed into
brown, semi-solid faeces, ready to be removed from the body.

Rectum and anus

The end of the large intestine and the next part of the tract, the rectum, store the faeces. These
are finally squeezed through a ring of muscle, the anus, and out of the body.

Exercise 3 Refer to the reading passage Major organs and functions of the digestive
system and label the diagram.
WORD BUILDING

The main part of a medical word is called a word root. It is usually derived from Greek and
Latin and indicates a body part. The combining form is a word root plus a vowel, usually o.

word root + = combining form meaning

combining
vowel
stomat O = Stomato mouth
dent O = Dento teeth
gastr O = Gastro stomach
duoden O = duoeno duodenum
enter O = entero small intestine
col O = colo large intestine
rect O = recto rectum
chol E = chole bile
hepat O = hepato liver
pancreat O = pancreato pancreas

A suffix is a word ending. Whenever you change the suffix, the medical word takes on a new
meaning. In medical terminology, a suffix usually indicates a procedure, condition or disease.

suffixes meaning

-megaly enlargement
-ectomy removal
-itis inflammation
-oma tumour
-plasty surgical repair
-scopy visual examination

Exercise 4 Analyze the basic elements of the following medical words.

enteroplasty ___________________________ hepatoma __________________________

pancreatitis ____________________________
hepatomegaly __________________________
colitis _________________________________
enteritis _______________________________
colonoscopy ____________________________
cholecystectomy _________________________
rectoplasty _________________________
appendectomy ______________________
gastrectomy ________________________
cholecystitis _______________________
gastritis ___________________________
gastroenteritis ______________________
 Indigestion

Indigestion is a term which is often used to describe a feeling of fullness or gaseousness in the
stomach. Indigestion may be a symptom of a disorder in the stomach or intestines. Symptoms
can include gas, a bloated feeling, nausea, belching and a burning sensation after eating.
Indigestion can be caused by swallowing air or decreased secretion of digestive juices and
enzymes. Some foods and beverages, including alcohol, vinegar and greasy or spicy food,
may also cause indigestion because they are irritating to the digestive tract. Heartburn usually
occurs alongside indigestion. Heartburn is a burning feeling caused by stomach acid
regurgitating into the oesophagus from the stomach (also known as GERD = gastro-
esophageal reflux disease).

What herbs may help relieve the condition?

 There are several herbs which may have a carminative action including Peppermint, Fennel
seed, Garlic, Parsley and Oregano. A carminative is a substance which may help to prevent
the formation of gases and help remove gas already formed.

 Antacids are commonly used to relieve indigestion and a more natural alternative to using
antacids is to use herbal bitters. They are believed to increase saliva production as well as
promoting stomach acid and digestive enzyme production. Important herbal bitters include
Devils Claw, Dandelion, Camomile, Yellow dock and Goldenseal.

 Artichoke may be beneficial for people prone to indigestion, particularly when the actual
problem is a lack of bile production by the liver.

 Ginger is often used due to its benefits relieving nausea but it also contains chemicals
which soothe the gut and improve digestion by increasing the contractions which move food
through the intestine.

Exercise
Exercise 5 Read the passages about indigestion and herbs which relieve it. Match the terms and
definitions in columns A and B.

A B
1. nausea a.) a woodland plant, having small greenish-white flowers and
a yellow root formerly used medicinally
2. antacid b.) usually alcoholic liquid made with herbs or roots
3. goldenseal c.) a substance, such as magnesia or sodium bicarbonate, that
neutralizes acid
4. peristalsis d.) a drug or agent that induces the expulsion of gas from the
stomach or intestines
5. oregano e.) burp
6. GERD f.) feeling of sickness in the stomach with an urge to vomit
7. carminative g.) a perennial herb of the mint family, having aromatic leaves
that are used as a seasoning
8. bitters h.) condition caused by acid regurgitating to the oesophagus
from the stomach
9. camomile i.) counteracting or neutralizing acidity, especially of the
stomach
10. belch j.) contractions moving food through the intestine
Pharmacology

Medication Action
Antacids neutralize excess stomach acid and relieve gastritis and ulcer pain; also
used to relieve indigestion and reflux oesophagitis (heartburn)
Antidiarrhoeals relieve diarrhoea either by absorbing the excess fluids that cause
diarrhoea or by lessening intestinal motility (slowing the movement of
faecal material through the intestine), allowing more time for
absorption of water
antiemetics, suppress nausea and vomiting, mainly by acting on brain control
antinauseants centres to stop nerve impulses; also used to control motion sickness
and dizziness associated with inner ear infections. Some
antihistamines and tranquillizers have antiemetic properties.
Antiflatulents reduce the feeling of gassiness and bloating (flatulence) that
accompany indigestion. These agents facilitate the passing of gas by
breaking down gas bubbles to a smaller size and mildly stimulating
intestinal motility
Antispasmodics prevent or reduce smooth muscle spasm by acting on the autonomous
nervous system , thus relieving certain spastic conditions of the bowel.
cathartics, laxatives, promote bowel movement or defecation or both; in smaller doses, they
purgatives relieve constipation and are called laxatives; in larger doses, they
evacuate the entire GI tract and are called purgatives (used before
surgery or intestinal radiological examinations)
Emetics used to induce vomiting, especially in cases of poisoning

Exercise 6 Read the sentences and underline the correct verbs.

1. Antacids promote / relieve ulcer pain.

2. Purgatives slow / promote defecation and bowel movements.
3. Antiflatulents induce / reduce bloating that accompanies indigestion.
4. Antispasmodics facilitate / prevent smooth muscle spasm.
5. Laxatives slow / relieve constipation.
6. Antidiarrhoeals absorb / neutralize the excess fluids.
7. Antacids relieve / break down heartburn.
8. Antinauseants act on / evacuate brain control centres.
9. Antacids absorb / neutralize stomach acid.
10. Antiemetics suppress / impress nausea and vomiting.
11. Antiflatulents mildly stimulate / slow down intestinal motility.
12. Antispasmodics increase / decrease smooth muscle spasm.
13. Emetics reduce / induce vomiting in poisoning.
14. Purgatives exacerbate / relieve constipation.
15. Some tranquillizers lack / exhibit antiemetic properties.
 Exercise 7 In each group, two of the verbs cannot go with the noun. Which
Which ones?

A) suppress promote

ANTIEMETICS
vomit
vomit stop
control break down
_________________________________________________________________________

B) absorb relieve
LAXATIVES
promote

defecate block evacuate

___________________________________________________________________________

C) neutralize relieve

protrude evacuate
ANTACIDS

inhibit reflux
___________________________________________________________________________
D)
relieve induce

reduce alleviate
ANTISPASMODICS

secrete prevent
___________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 8 Test your vocabulary.

1. heartburn A hernia
2. hole B internal
3. movement C acute
4. bloating D oesophagitis
5. causing vomiting E emetic
6. arising suddenly F perforation
7. lasting for a long time G jaundice
8. inside H chronic
9. yellowing of the skin I external
10. outside J motility
11. tissue death K flatulence
12. protrusion L - necrosis
 Some diseases affecting the gastrointestinal system

Acute diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is an increase in the frequency and looseness of your bowel movements. Water is
normally absorbed from the remnants of digested food in the large intestine and the waste left
over from this water-recycling process becomes stools, which are then passed out of the body
at regular intervals. If this absorption process is upset, less water is taken back into the body
and the remainder is passed out in liquid stools. Serious loss of water is called dehydration; it
causes thirst, dry mouth, dry skin, reduction in quantity and darkening of urine, fast breathing
and fever. Sudden (acute) diarrhoea generally lasts only a few days.
Common causes include viral or bacterial infections in the digestive system (food poisoning)
or a change of country and climate (often called travellers diarrhoea), which is often
accompanied by abdominal pain, cramps feeling or being sick, and occasionally fever.
Anxiety, alcohol, food intolerance and some medicines can also cause acute diarrhoea.

Chronic diarrhoea
Chronic diarrhoea is a long-term condition where the stools are loose or watery sometimes
bloody or fatty.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common disorder of bowel movement. Its symptoms
include griping, colicky pain across the lower abdomen, bloating and a disturbed bowel habit
with frequent, loose stools and/or constipation with hard, rabbit-pellet stools. Diarrhoea
often occurs at the onset of pain. You may feel sick or have flatulence, heartburn, wind or
fatigue. These symptoms can be intermittent or you may experience them all the time.
Sometimes other symptoms, such as back pain, urinary frequency and generalised muscle and
joint pains may also be associated with IBS. Symptoms often start after an acute intestinal
infection or after a course of antibiotics. Stress, lifestyle changes and intolerance to some
foods can trigger IBS. Women aged under 40 seem to suffer most from IBS, and symptoms
are often worse before a menstrual period.

Crohns disease
Crohns disease is an uncommon inflammatory bowel disease. The wall of the intestine
becomes inflamed, causing bouts of colicky pain and frequent diarrhoea with blood. You may
feel unwell, lose your appetite and lose weight because food is not properly absorbed. The
aim of treatment is to bring about (include) remission with medication in the acute phase, and
then to prevent relapse.
 Medication/Treatment

Medicines for acute diarrhoea

In an acute attack of mild to moderate diarrhoea, you can replace the water and salts lost from
your body with a glucose and salt solution. Glucose increases the amount of water absorbed in
the large intestine, which allows the salts in the solution to get into your body too. This
process is called rehydration.
The diarrhoea is the bodys way of getting rid of harmful substances and it may be unhelpful
to interfere with this natural response.

Antidiarrhoeal medicines
Treating diarrhoea with an antidiarrhoeal medicine is of less importance than rehydration.
Babies, young children, frail people and elderly people must always be rehydrated with
glucose and salts solution; they should avoid antidiarrhoeal medicines.

Home-made salt and glucose solution:

use one small level teaspoon (3.5g) of salt and eight large level teaspoons (40g) of sugar or
four large level teaspoons (20g) of glucose powder to one litre of water. A small amount of
fruit juice or squash can be added to flavour the solution.

Medicines for chronic diarrhoea

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
It may not be necessary to take a medicine to control symptoms if they are mild and
intermittent or related to foods that you can avoid. However bulk-forming preparations are
used to improve the consistency and regularity of bowel movements. An antimotility
medicine reduces stool frequency and urgency.
Antispasmodic medicines work either by slowing down intestinal movement or by exerting a
direct relaxant effect on intestinal muscle. Antispasmodics relieve stomach cramps and
colicky abdominal pain.

Crohns disease
Active disease of the small intestine is usually treated with corticosteroids. Sometimes an
antibacterial may be prescribed to control bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Crohns
disease can cause general ill health because your body may not absorb nutrients and water
properly through the intestinal wall. You may need food, mineral and vitamin supplements
and rehydration treatment to prevent malnutrition.

Antimotility medicines
These slow down intestinal movement (peristalsis). Although these medicines relieve
diarrhoea symptoms, they can prolong contact between harmful micro-organisms and the
intestinal cells. Opioids (derivatives of the poppy plant) have long been used: these include
liquid mixtures of opium or morphine. These products are of limited use in controlling acute
diarrhoea.
 HOW YOU CAN HELP YOURSELF

Travellers diarrhoea
Avoid drinking tap water, and even using it for cleaning teeth, unless you are sure that
it is fit to drink. Use bottled or treated water; add chemical water purifying tablets or
ten drops of weak iodine solution to a litre of water in parts of the world where water
supplies are suspect. In areas where amoebic dysentery is likely, boiling water for half
an hour will kill the organisms and any amoebic cysts satisfactorily.
Avoid ice cubes in your drinks unless you are sure of the water.
Avoid eating unwashed salads and vegetables and unpeeled fruit (even drinks).
Avoid eating dishes containing uncooked eggs, shellfish, unpasteurised dairy products
and food from street traders that is not freshly prepared or hot.
Wash your hands or use an antiseptic wipe after going to the toilet and before you
handle food or eat.
Take with you a supply of salt and glucose sachets and an antidiarrhoeal medicine.
Do not buy or use an antibiotic to treat diarrhoea, unless under guidance from a
doctor.

Exercise 9 Comprehension check.

Answer the following questions!

1. When do we speak about acute diarrhoea?

2. What can be the consequences of diarrhoea?
3. When can we speak about chronic diarrhoea?
4. What are the common medicines for diarrhoea?
5. How do the these medicines work?
6. How do these medicines affect the patients?
7. Are there any risks or special precautions?
8. What is IBS?
9. What kind of medication is suggested in the case of IBS?
10. What kind of medicines are used in the case of Crohns disease?
11. Are any other food supplements needed in the case of Crohns disease?
 Exercise 10 Fill the table with the proper information
information.
ormation.

type site symptoms drug type

acute diarrhoea

IBS

Crohns disease
 VOCABULARY

bulk-forming ballasztanyag-kpz
abdominal hasi, hasregi burp bfgs
absorb felszv camomille kamilla
accompany ksr carminative szlhajt
acute heveny, akut cathartic (enyhe) hashajt
agent szer, hatanyag cell sejt
aim cl chew rg
alleviate enyht chew megrg
amoebic dysentery ambs vrhas chewing rgs
antacid savlekt chronic idlt, krnikus
antibacterial baktriuml (szer) circulatory keringsi
antidiarrhoeal hasfog colic vastagbl-
antiemetic hnyscsillapt colicky kliks, grcss
antiflatulent szlhajt colon vastagbl
antinauseant szdlscskkent common gyakori, ltalnos
antiseptic wipe ferttlent trlkend condition llapot
antispasmodic grcsold constipation szoruls, szkrekeds
anus (s), ani (pl) vgbl contraction sszehzds
anxiety aggds counteract ellenttesen hat / mkdik
appendix (s), appendices (pl) freg- course of antibiotics antibiotikumos
nylvny kezels
appetite tvgy cramp grcs
arise fellp, kialakul dandelion pitypang, gyermeklncf
artichoke articska defecation szkletrts
ascending colon felszll vastagbl dehydration kiszrads
at regular intervals rendszeres id- descending colon leszll vastagbl
kznknt devils claw rdgkarom
attack roham diarrhoea hasmens
autonomous nervous system vegetatv digest megemszt
idegrendszer digestion emszts
bacterial bakterilis, baktrium-okozta digestive emszt
be absorbed felszvdik digestive juice emsztnedv
belching bfgs disease betegsg
beneficial jtkony hats disorder rendellenessg
beverage ital dissolve felold, kiold
bile duct epevezetk distribute eloszt, sztoszt
bile epe dizziness szdls
bite harap dose adag
bitter (gyomor)keser drug gygyszer, drog
bloated felfvdott emetic hnytat
bloating felfvds entire teljes, egsz
block elzr enzyme enzim
bloodstream vrram evacuate kirt
bloody vres exacerbate slyosbt, rosszabb tesz, ront
bout roham excess flsleges, tlzott
bowel bl excrete kivlaszt
brain agy exert an effect vmilyen hatst fejt ki
break down lebont, megemszt exhibit mutat
expulsion eltvolts, eltvozs iodine jd
facilitate elsegt irritable bowel syndrome irritbils bl
faeces szklet tnetegyttes (IBS)
fatigue ltalnos gyengesgrzet jaundice srgasg
fatty zsros, zsr- joint zlet
fennel seed kmnymag lack hinyzik belle vmi
fever lz large intestines vastagbl
flatulence puffadtsg large level teaspoon ppozott kvskanl
flavour zest laxative szkletlazt
fluid (test)nedv, folyadk leftover (tel)maradk
food intolerance tel-allergia lifestyle letmd
frail trkeny /gyenge egszsg lining bls
frequency gyakorisg liquid folyadk, ital
fuel zemanyag, hajtanyag liver mj
gall bladder epehlyag loose bowel movement hasmens
garlic fokhagyma lose ones appetite elmegy az tvgya
gaseousness felfvds lose weight (le)fogy
gassiness szelessg magnesia magnzium
gastric gyomor malnutrition rosszul tplltsg, alul-
gastritis gyomorhurut tplltsg
gastrointestinal gyomorra s blre mash sszetr, ppest
vonatkoz medication gygyszer, gygyszerezs
generalised ltalnos menstrual period havivrzs, menzesz
GERD reflux-betegsg metabolise tvltoztat, anyagcservel
GI tract emszttraktus talakt
ginger gymbr mild enyhe
glucose gllz mineral svnyi anyag
goldenseal hidrasztisz (hydrastis mint menta
canadiensis) mixture keverk
greasy zsros moist nedves
griping pains hascsikars, szlgrcs molecule molekula
gullet nyelcs morphine morfium
gut bl motility mozgs
harmful kros, rtalmas motion sickness mozgs kvetkeztben
heartburn gyomorgs kialakul melygs
herb gygynvny movement mozgs
hernia srv muscular izmos
hole lyuk, nyls natural termszetes
hydrochloric acid ssav nausea hnyinger
improve fokoz necrosis szvetelhals
increase nvel, fokoz nerve ideg
indigestion gyomorronts neutralise kzmbst, semlegest
induce kivlt vmit, elidz nutrient tpllk, tpanyag
infection fertzs oesophagitis nyelcsgyullads
inflammatory gyulladsos oesophagus nyelcs
inhibit gtol opioid pium szrmazk
interfere with beleavatkozik oregano oregano
intermittent idnknt fellp, visszatr overgrowth tlszaporods, elszaporods
intestinal bl- pain fjdalom, fjs
intestinal motility blmozgs pancreas hasnylmirigy
parsley peterzselyemzld slippery csszs
particle rsz, rszecske sloppy ppes, ppszer
peppermint borsmenta small intestines vkonybl
perennial vel small level teaspoon csapott kvskanl
perforation kilyukads, perforci smooth muscle simaizom
peristalsis perisztaltika, perisztaltikus sodium bicarbonate szdabikarbna
mozgs solution oldat
pharmacology gygyszertan soothe nyugtat, csillapt
poisoning mrgezs spasm grcs
poppy mk spasmodic grcss
preparation ksztmny spastic grcss
prescribe receptre felr spicy fszeres
prevent megelz, megakadlyoz squash szrp
process feldolgoz, talakt squeeze kiprsel, kinyom
prolong meghosszabbt stimulate serkent, stimull
promote elsegt, serkent stomach gyomor
property tulajdonsg stools szklet
protrude kitremkedik store raktroz
protrusion kitremkeds substance anyag
pulp ppes anyag suffer from szenved vmiben
purgative hashajt supplement kiegszts/kiegszt
rabbit-pellet stools nyl bogys suppress visszaszort, elfojt
szklethez hasonl szklet surgery sebszi beavatkozs, mtt
radiological, radiolgiai, rntgen- suspect gyans
raw material nyersanyag swallow lenyel
rectum rektum tap water csapvz
recycling visszanyers thirst szomjsg
reduce cskkent, enyht tissue szvet
reflux visszafolys tract traktus, rendszer
reflux oesophagitis gyomorgs tranquillizer nyugtat
regurgitate visszajut, visszakerl transport szllt
rehydration rehidrls transverse colon harntvastagbl
relapse visszaess treatment kezels
relaxant lazt trigger kivlt, elidz
relieve enyht, cskkent ulcer fekly
remains maradvny, maradk uncommon ritka
remission javuls urge to vomit hnyinger
remnant maradk, maradvny urinary frequency gyakori vizels
removal eltvolts urinary hgy-, vizelet-
remove eltvolt vinegar ecet
response reakci viral vrusos, vrus-
root gykr vomit hnys
saliva nyl waste salakanyag
salivary gland nylmirigy water purifying tablet vztisztt tabletta
seasoning fszerezs, fszer water supply vzellts
secrete elvlaszt watery hg
semi-solid flig kemny, flig szilrd wave hullm
sickness melygs woodland erds-tiszts
sigma bowel szigmabl yellow dock fodros sska (rumex crispus)
sigmoid szigmabl