SPEED (km/h)

TIME VEHICLE CLASS

1 (motor) 2 (car) 3 (van) 4 (truck)

76 120 128 134 97 126 77 144 84 67 54 52

5.30 83 151 132 66 156 140 130 89 98 34 39 57

- 99 80 110 158 140 137 130 80 91 34 61 53

5.45 160 106 96 140 140 126 48 90 60 39 35 43

136 127 78 153 105 140 80 113 63 45 59 32

103 131 138 140 84 126 83 64 53 45 39 42

5.45 127 103 145 97 105 140 63 140 45 56 51 35

- 131 137 131 115 126 84 74 42 63 51 41 50

6.00 160 147 151 158 84 158 66 67 62 36 37 50

84 90 160 115 126 158 104 63 74 69 45 40

37 40 56 105 84 84 69 61 79 59 33 41

6.00 49 49 74 74 66 66 95 96 85 34 38 35

- 58 63 60 70 105 97 63 137 81 36 42 47

6.15 97 88 58 105 140 158 91 148 62 44 33 34

50 63 64 140 90 60 62 77 103 47 61 33

64 63 62 90 105 84 67 80 95 48 34 33

6.15 43 56 44 140 126 66 119 88 86 60 34 32

- 90 53 78 105 55 90 117 147 111 36 40 34

6.30 67 60 56 115 126 79 81 89 66 40 39 50

84 36 76 97 105 115 46 129 110 56 45 37

Form SS1

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

TIME (sec)
TIME VEHICLE CLASS

1 (motor) 2 (car) 3 (van) 4 (truck)

1.66 1.05 0.53 0.50 1.30 1.00 1.64 0.77 1.50 1.88 2.34 2.42

5.30 1.52 0.83 0.78 1.90 0.80 0.70 0.77 0.92 1.29 3.61 3.19 2.23

- 1.27 1.56 1.14 0.80 0.80 0.70 0.77 1.57 1.39 3.69 2.08 2.40

5.45 0.79 1.18 1.31 0.70 0.70 1.00 2.60 1.40 2.10 3.22 3.58 2.95

0.92 0.53 0.73 0.70 1.20 0.70 1.58 1.12 2.00 2.81 2.13 3.89

1.22 0.96 0.91 0.70 1.50 1.00 1.51 1.96 2.38 2.81 3.25 2.97

5.45 0.71 1.22 0.87 1.30 1.20 0.70 1.99 0.90 2.75 2.27 2.48 3.61

- 0.96 0.92 0.96 1.10 1.00 1.50 1.70 2.99 2.00 2.49 3.10 2.54

6.00 0.79 0.66 0.83 0.80 1.50 0.80 1.92 1.88 2.04 3.54 3.39 2.51

1.50 1.40 0.74 1.10 1.00 0.60 1.21 2.00 1.70 1.82 2.79 3.12

3.40 3.12 2.26 1.20 1.50 1.50 1.83 2.06 1.59 2.13 3.85 3.10

6.00 2.56 2.56 2.61 1.70 1.90 1.40 1.32 1.31 1.49 3.67 3.33 3.60

- 2.17 1.99 2.13 1.80 1.20 1.30 2.01 0.72 1.56 3.51 3.00 2.69

6.15 1.30 1.44 2.17 1.20 0.90 0.80 1.39 0.85 2.04 2.88 3.84 3.67

2.51 2.01 1.96 0.90 1.40 2.10 2.03 1.63 1.22 2.68 2.08 3.85

1.96 2.00 2.04 1.40 0.90 1.50 1.89 1.57 1.32 2.61 3.76 3.84

6.15 2.92 2.31 2.86 0.90 1.00 1.90 1.06 1.43 1.47 2.10 3.73 3.89

- 1.40 2.39 1.61 1.20 2.30 1.40 1.08 0.86 1.14 3.48 3.13 3.73

6.30 1.87 4.09 2.26 1.10 1.00 1.60 1.56 1.41 1.91 3.14 3.20 2.54

1.49 3.49 1.66 1.30 1.20 1.10 2.71 0.98 1.15 2.27 4.80 3.44
 1. CLASS 1 (Motorcycles)

Mean speed : 91 km/h

Maximum speed : 160 km/h
Minimum speed : 37 km/h

2. CLASS 2 (Cars)

Mean speed : 112 km/h

Maximum speed : 158 km/h
Minimum speed : 60 km/h

3. CLASS 3 (Vans)

Mean speed : 86 km/h

Maximum speed : 148 km/h
Minimum speed : 42 km/h

4. CLASS 4 ( Trucks and Buses)

Mean speed : 44 km/h

Maximum speed : 69 km/h
Minimum speed : 32 km/h

Determine the following speed characteristics :

a) Mean speed
 20230
240 = 84.3 km/h

b) Median speed

[ ]
240
109
70.5 + 2 x 75 = 77.3 km/h
122

c) Mode speed

59.5 + [ 3323
2 ( 33 )2313 ] x 65 = 81.2 km/h

d) 85-th Percentile speed

= 141 km/h

e) Standard deviation

2039000 409252900

2401 240(2401) = 37.4

f) Pace

= 60 km/h 70 km/h

CALCULATION

TO CONCLUDE, THE MEDIAN SPEED OF THE DATA IS 77.3 KM/H WHILE THE
MEAN SPEED OF THE DATA IS 84.3 KM/H, MODE SPEED IS 81.2 KM/H AND
THE STANDARD DEVIATION IS 37.4. BESIDE THAT, THE 85TH PERCENTILE IS
141 KM/H AND THE PACE IS 60 KM/H TO 70 KM/H. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE
EXPERIMENTS IS ACHIEVE.
INTRODUCTION:
SPEED IS THE RATE OF MOVEMENT OF A VEHICLE, GENERALLY EXPRESSED IN
KILOMETERS PER HOUR.

A SPOT SPEED STUDY IS A STUDY OF TRAFFIC SPEED AT ONE POINT OR SPOT ON

A TRAFFIC WAY.IT CONSIST OF A SERIES OR A SAMPLE, OF OBSERVATIONS OF THE
INDIVIDUAL SPEEDS AT WHICH VEHICLES ARE APPROACHING AN INTERSECTION
OR PASSING A POINT AT A NON-INTERSECTION LOCATION. THESE OBSERVATIONS
ARE USED TO ESTIMATE THE SPEED DISTRIBUTION OF THE ENTIRE TRAFFIC
STREAM AT THAT LOCATION, UNDER THE CONDITIONS PREVAILING AT THE TIME
OF THE STUDY .

SPOT SPEED STUDIES CAN BE USED TO STUDY SPEEDS AT PROBLEM LOCATIONS

IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER SPEEDS ARE TOO HIGH AND IF COMPLAINTS
RECEIVED ARE JUSTIFIED, FOR ACCIDENTS ANALYSIS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SPEED TO ACCIDENTS WHICH MAY HELP IN DEVELOPING
CORRECTIVE MEASURES, AND FOR BEFORE AND AFTER STUDIES IN ORDER TO
EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF SOME CHANGE IN CONTROLS OR CONDITIONS.

IN RELATION WITH THIS STUDY, THERE HAS BEEN SEVERAL COMPLAINTS OF

VEHICLES SPEEDING ALONG THE UTHM-FUJITSU SECTION OF ROAD. THIS POSES
A DANGER TO MOTORISTS, PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS AS THERE IS A LOT OF
ACTIVITY IN THE AREA. FURTHERMORE, THERE IS PLENTY OF RIGHT-TURNING
MOVEMENTS ALONG THIS STRETCH OF ROAD, WITH NO STORAGE LANES
PROVIDED FOR RIGHT-TURNERS. THIS IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE THE RIGHT-
TURNERS STOP ON THE FAST LANE AND HAVE NO PROTECTION.

OBJECTIVE:
THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY ARE:

a) TO DETERMINE THE SPEED CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAFFIC AT THE

LOCATION.
b) TO JUSTIFY THE PROBLEM OF SPEEDING AT THE LOCATION.

APPARATUS:
1) RADAR GUN
2) FORMS SS1 AND SS2
3) GRAPH PAPER (3 NOS)
4) SAFETY VEST

PROCEDURE:
1) IDENTIFY THE SPOT AT WHICH THE SPEED DATA WILL BE COLLECTED.
 2) USE THE RADAR GUN TO MEASURE THE SPEED OF VEHICLES ACCORDING
TO THEIR RESPECTIVE VEHICLE CLASS CLASS 1(MOTORCYCLE), CLASS
2(CARS), CLASS 3(VANS AND MEDIUM TRUCKS), AND CLASS 4(LARGE
TRUCKS AND BUSES). (MAKE SURE THAT
THE OPERATOR OF THE RADAR GUN IS NOT SEEN BY THE MOTORISTS)
3) RECORD ALL SPEED MEASUREMENTS IN FORMS SS1.
4) BASED ON FORMS SS1, DETERMINES THE MEAN, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
SPEED OF VEHICLES ACCORDING TO THEIR CLASS. COMMENTS ON YOUR
FINDINGS.
5) TRANSFER THE DATA IN FORM SS1 AND FORM SS2.
6) PLOT THE FOLLOWING:
FRECUENCY HISTOGRAM (PERCENTAGE OF VEHICLES VS. SPEED)
FRECUENCY DISTRIBUTION CURVE (PERCENTAGE OF VEHICLES VS.
SPEED)
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CURVE (CUMULATIVE
PERCENTAGES VS SPEED)
7) DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING SPEED CHARACTERISTICS:
a) MEAN SPEED
b) MEDIAN SPEED
c) MODE SPEED
d) 85-TH PERCENTILE SPEED
e) STANDARD DEVIATION
f) PACE
8) COMMENT ON YOUR FINDINGS.
9) DOES YOUR FINDINGS JUSTIFY THE PROBLEM OF SPEEDING AT THE
LOCATION? IF IT DOES, WHAT ARE YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS?

DISCUSSION

BASED ON THE RESULT, THE OBJECTIVE OF TE EXPERIMENT IS ACHEVE.

CAUSE AND ERROR DURING TEST:

 WHEN TAKE THE TIME OF THE VEHICLE BETWEEN THE POLE, MAYBE THERE
ARE SOME ERROR.

CALCULATION

TO CONCLUDE, THE MEDIAN SPEED OF THE DATA IS 128.2 KM/H WHILE THE
MEAN SPEED OF THE DATA IS 115.4, MODE SPEED IS 57.4 AND THE STANDARD
DEVIATION IS 28.36. BESIDE THAT, THE 85TH PERCENTILE IS 136 KM/H AND THE
PACE IS 118/H TO 128 KM/H. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENTS IS ACHIEVE.
Speed Class Class Fx Percennt Cumulati
Class Midvalu Frequen age in ve
(km/h) e, cy, Class Percenta
x f ge
(km/h)
30-39 35 28 980 4.8 % 4.8 %
40-49 45 25 1125 5.6 % 10.4 %
50-59 55 23 1265 6.3 % 16.7 %
60-69 65 33 2145 10.6 % 27.3 %
70-79 75 13 975 4.8 % 32.1 %
80-89 85 23 1955 9.7 % 41.8 %
90-99 95 19 1805 9.0 % 50.8 %
100-109 105 13 1365 6.7 % 57.5 %
110-119 115 10 1150 5.7 % 63.2 %
120-129 125 12 1500 7.4 % 70.6 %
130-139 135 13 1755 8.7 % 79.3 %
140-149 145 16 2320 11.4 % 90.7 %
150-159 155 9 1395 6.9 % 97.6 %
160-169 165 3 495 2.4 % 100.0 %
TOTAL 240 20230 100.0 %

APPENDIX

Form SS2