Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Physics (O) (1) Notes - Studyguidepk PDF
Physics (O) (1) Notes - Studyguidepk PDF
pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Physics Equation List :Form 4
Introduction to Physics
Relative Deviation
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 1
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Force and Motion
Average Speed
(ms-1)
v= s
v = velocity
s = displacement (m)
t t = time (s)
Acceleration
vu a = acceleration (ms-2)
a= v = final velocity
u = initial velocity
(ms-1)
(ms-1)
t t =time for the velocity change (s)
Linear Motion
s v = u + at Using Calculus
v= (In Additional
t 1
s = (u + v)t Mathematics
2 Syllabus)
1
s = ut + at 2
2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 2
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Ticker Tape
Finding Velocity:
s
velocity =
number of ticks 0.02s
1 tick = 0.02s
Finding Acceleration:
vu
a=
t
a = acceleration (ms-2)
v = final velocity (ms-1)
u = initial velocity (ms-1)
t = time for the velocity change (s)
Graph of Motion
Change in y coordinate, y
Gradient, m =
Change in x coordinate, x
or
y
m=
x
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 3
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Displacement-Time Graph Velocity-Time Graph
Momentum
p = mv p = momentum
m = mass
(kg ms-1)
(kg)
v = velocity (ms-1)
In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion continues in
motion with a constant velocity (that is, with a constant speed in a straight line).
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 4
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Newtons Second Law
Implication
When there is resultant force acting on an object, the object will accelerate
(moving faster, moving slower or change direction).
Newton's third law of motion states that for every force, there is a reaction force with the same magnitude
but in the opposite direction.
Impulse
Impulse = Ft F = force
t = time
(N)
(s)
Impulse = mv mu m = mass
v = final velocity
(kg)
(ms-1)
u = initial velocity (ms-1)
Impulsive Force
mv mu F = Force (N or kgms-2)
F= t = time
m = mass
(s)
(kg)
t v = final velocity (ms-1)
u = initial velocity (ms-1)
W = mg W = Weight
m = mass (kg)
(N or kgms-2)
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 5
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Vertical Motion
Lift
In Stationary
When a man standing inside an elevator, there
are two forces acting on him.
(a) His weight which acting downward.
(b) Normal reaction (R), acting in the opposite
direction of weight.
R = mg
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 6
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Moving Upward with positive acceleration Moving downward with positive acceleration
R = mg + ma R = mg ma
Moving Upward with constant velocity Moving downward with constant velocity.
R = mg R = mg
Moving Upward with negative acceleration Moving downward with negative acceleration
R = mg ma R = mg + ma
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 7
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Smooth Pulley
With 1 Load
Moving with uniform speed:
T1 = T2 T1 = mg
Stationary: Accelerating:
T1 = mg T1 mg = ma
With 2 Loads
Finding Acceleration:
(If m2 > m1)
m2g m1g = (m1+ m2)a
Finding Tension:
(If m2 > m1)
T1 = T2
T1 m1g = ma
m2g T2 = ma
Vector
| y|
Direction = tan 1
| x|
Vector Resolution
| x |=| p | sin
| y |=| p | cos
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 8
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Inclined Plane
Forces In Equilibrium
T3 = mg T3 = mg
T1 tan = mg
Work Done
W = Fs W = Work Done
F = Force
(J or Nm)
(N or kgms-2)
s = displacement (m)
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 9
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Energy
Kinetic Energy
1 EK = Kinetic Energy (J)
EK = mv 2 m = mass (kg)
2 v = velocity (ms-1)
Power
W P = power (W or Js-1)
P= W = work done (J or Nm)
t E = energy change (J or Nm)
E t = time (s)
P=
t
Efficiency
Useful Energy
Efficiency = 100%
Energy
Or
Power Output
Efficiency = 100%
Power Input
Hookes Law
F = kx F = Force
k = spring constant
(N or kgms-2)
(N m-1)
x = extension or compression of spring (m)
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 10
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Force and Pressure
Density
m
=
V
= density (kg m-3)
m = mass (kg)
V = volume (m3)
Pressure
Liquid Pressure
P = h g h = depth (m)
= density (kg m-3)
g = gravitational Field Strength (N kg-1)
Pressure in Liquid
P = Patm + h g h = depth (m)
= density (kg m-3)
g = gravitational Field Strength (N kg-1)
Patm = atmospheric Pressure (Pa or N m-2)
Gas Pressure
Manometer
P = Patm + h g
Pgas = Pressure (Pa or N m-2)
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 11
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
U=tube
h1 1 = h2 2
Pa = 0 Pa = 0
P b = 26 P b = 0.261360010
P c = 76 P c = 0.761360010
P d = 76 P d = 0.761360010
P e = 76 P e = 0.761360010
P f = 84 P f = 0.841360010
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 12
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Pascals Principle
F1 F2
=
A1 A2
F1 = Force exerted on the small piston
A1 = area of the small piston
F2 = Force exerted on the big piston
A2 = area of the big piston
Archimedes Principle
Upthrust, F = 2V2 g
Density of water > Density of wood Density of Iron > Density of water
F=T+W T+F=W
Vg = T + mg Vg + T = mg
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 13
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Heat
Heat Change
Q = mc
m = mass (kg)
c = specific heat capacity (J kg-1 oC-1)
= temperature change (o)
Q = mL
Q = Heat Change (J or Nm)
m = mass (kg)
L = specific latent heat (J kg-1)
Boyles Law
1 1 = P2V2
PV
(Requirement: Temperature in constant)
Pressure Law
P1 P2
=
T1 T2
(Requirement: Volume is constant)
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 14
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Charless Law
V1 V2
=
T1 T2
(Requirement: Pressure is constant)
Universal Gas Law
PV PV
1 1
= 2 2
T1 T2
P = Pressure (Pa or cmHg .)
V = Volume (m3 or cm3)
T = Temperature (MUST be in K(Kelvin))
Light
Refractive Index
Snells Law
Real depth/Apparent Depth
sin i
n=
sin r
n = refractive index (No unit)
i = angle of incident (o)
r = angle of reflection (o )
D
n=
d
n = refractive index (No unit)
D = real depth (m or cm)
d = apparent depth (m or cm)
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 15
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Lens
Power
1
P=
f
P = Power (D(Diopter))
f = focal length (m)
Linear Magnification
hi v hi v
m= m= =
ho u ho u
Lens Equation
Conventional symbol
positive negative
1 1 1 u Real object Virtual object
+ =
u v f v Real image Virtual image
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 16
www.studyguide.pk
ONE-SCHOOL.NET
Astronomical Telescope
Magnification,
Pe fo
m= m=
Po fe
m = linear magnification
Pe = Power of the eyepiece
Po = Power of the objective lens
fe = focal length of the eyepiece
fo = focal length of the objective lens
d = fo + fe
Compound Microscope
Magnification
m = m1 m2
Height of first image , I1 Height of second image, I 2
=
Height of object Height of first image , I1
Height of second image, I 2
=
Height of object, I1
http://www.one-school.net/notes.html 17