TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 7447-4-44:2010
ISO 60364-4-44:2007
H THNG LP T IN H P - PHN 4-44: BO V AN TON - BO V CHNG NHIU
IN P V NHIU IN T
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-44: Protection for safety - Protection against voltage
disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
Li ni u
TCVN 7447-4-44:2010 thay th TCVN 7447-4-44:2004;
TCVN 7447-4-44:2010 hon ton tng ng vi IEC 60364-4-44:2007;
TCVN 7447-4-44:2010 do Ban k thut tiu chun Quc gia TCVN/TC/E1 My in v kh c
in bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v cng ngh
cng b.
Li gii thiu
B tiu chun TCVN 7447 (IEC 60364) hin c cc phn sau:
TCVN 7447-1:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 1: Nguyn tc c bn, nh gi cc c
tnh chung, nh ngha
TCVN 7447-4-41:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 4-41: Bo v an ton - Bo v chng
in git
TCVN 7447-4-42:2005, H thng lp t in trong cc ta nh - Phn 4-42: Bo v an ton -
Bo v chng cc nh hng ca nhit
TCVN 7447-4-43:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 4-43: Bo v an ton - Bo v chng
qu dng
TCVN 7447-4-44:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 4-44: Bo v an ton - Bo v chng
nhiu in p v nhiu in t
TCVN 7447-5-51:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-51: La chn v lp t thit b in
- Nguyn tc chung
TCVN 7447-5-52:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-52: La chn v lp t thit b in
- H thng i dy
TCVN 7447-5-53:2005, H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-53: La chn v lp t
thit b in - Cch ly, ng ct v iu khin
TCVN 7447-5-54:2005, H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-54: La chn v lp t
thit b in - B tr ni t, dy bo v v dy lin kt bo v
TCVN 7447-5-55:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-55: La chn v lp t thit b in
- Cc thit b khc
TCVN 7447-7-710:2006, H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh - Phn 7-710: Yu cu i vi h
thng lp t c bit v khu vc c bit - Khu vc y t
Ngoi ra b tiu chun quc t IEC 60364 cn c cc tiu chun sau:
IEC 60364-5-56, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-56: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment - Safety services
IEC 60364-6, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 6: Verification
IEC 60364-7-701, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-701: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Locations containing a bath or shower
IEC 60364-7-702, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-702: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Swimming pools and fountains.
IEC 60364-7-703, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-703: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Rooms and cabins containing sauna heaters.
IEC 60364-7-704, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-704: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Construction and demolition site installations.
IEC 60364-7-705, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-705: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Agricultural and horticultural premises
IEC 60364-7-706, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-706: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Conducting locations with restricted movement.
IEC 60364-7-708, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-708: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Caravan parks, camping parks and similar locations.
IEC 60364-7-709, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-709: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Marinas and similar locations
IEC 60364-7-711, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-711: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Exhibitions, shows and stands
IEC 60364-7-712, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems
IEC 60364-7-713, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-713: Requirements for special
installations and locations Section 713: Furniture
IEC 60364-7-714, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-714: Requirements for special
installations or locations Section 714: External lighting installations
IEC 60364-7-715, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-715: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Extra-low-voltage lighting installations
IEC 60364-7-717, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-717: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Mobile or transportable units
IEC 60364-7-721, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-721: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Electrical installations in caravans and motor caravans
IEC 60364-7-729, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-729: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Operating or maintenance gangways
IEC 60364-7-740, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-740: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Temporary electrical installations for structures, amusement devices
and booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses.
IEC 60364-7-753, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-753: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Floor and ceilling heating systems

H THNG LP T IN H P - PHN 4-44: BO V AN TON - BO V CHNG

NHIU IN P V NHIU IN T
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-44: Protection for safety - Protection against
voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
440.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc quy tc quy nh trong tiu chun ny nhm cung cp cc yu cu v an ton ca h thng
lp t in trong trng hp c nhiu in p v nhiu in t pht ra do mt s nguyn nhn
khc nhau qui nh.
Cc qui tc qui nh trong tiu chun ny khng nhm p dng cho cc h thng phn phi nng
lng cho cng chng, hoc pht in hoc truyn ti in cho cc h thng ny (xem phm vi
p dng ca TCVN 7447-1 (IEC 60364-1)) mc d cc nhiu ny c th dn vo trong hoc gia
cc h thng lp t in thng qua cc h thng cp in ny.
440.2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn di y l cn thit khi p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b
th p dng phin bn mi nht (k c cc sa i).
TCVN 7326-1 (IEC 60950-1), Thit b cng ngh thng tin - An ton - Phn 1: Yu cu chung
TCVN 7447-1 (IEC 60364-1), H thng lp t in h p - Phn 1: Nguyn tc c bn, nh gi
cc c tnh chung, nh ngha
TCVN 7447-4-41:2010 (IEC 60364-4-41:2005), H thng lp t in h p - Phn 4-41: Bo v
an ton - Bo v chng in git
TCVN 7447-5-54:2005 (IEC 60364-5-54:2002), H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-
54: La chn v lp t thit b in - B tr ni t, dy bo v v lin kt ng th
IEC 60038:1983, IEC standard voltage (in p tiu chun IEC)
IEC 60050-604:1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 604: Generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity - Operation (T vng k thut in quc t - Chng
604: Pht in, truyn ti v phn phi in - Vn hnh)
IEC 60479-1:2005, Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 1: General aspects
(nh hng ca dng in ln con ngi v vt nui - Phn 1: Cc kha cnh chung)
IEC 60664-1:2007, Insulation co-ordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests (Phi hp cch in dng cho thit b trong h thng in h
p - Phn 1: Nguyn tc, yu cu v th nghim)
IEC 61000-2-5:1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2: Environment - Section 5:
Classification of electromagnetic environments. Basic EMC publication (Tng thch in t
(EMC) - Phn 2: Mi trng - Mc 5: Phn loi cc mi trng in t. Tiu chun EMC c bn)
IEC 61000-6-1, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-1: Generic standards - Immunity for
residential, commercial and light-industrial environments - Basic EMC publication (Tng thch
in t (EMC) - Phn 6-1: Tiu chun chung - Min nhim i vi cc mi trng dn c,
thng mi v cng nghip nh - Tiu chun EMC c bn)
IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for
industrial environments (Tng thch in t (EMC) - Phn 6-2: Tiu chun chung - Min nhim
i vi cc mi trng cng nghip)
IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission
standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (Tng thch in t (EMC)
- Phn 6-3: Tiu chun chung - Tiu chun pht x i vi cc mi trng dn c, thng mi
v cng nghip nh)
IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards - Emission
standard for industrial environments (Tng thch in t (EMC) - Phn 6-4: Tiu chun chung -
Tiu chun pht x i vi cc mi trng cng nghip)
IEC 61558-2-1, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products -
Part 2-1: Particular requirements for tests for separating transformers and power supplies
incorporating separating transformers for general applications (An ton i vi bin p an ton,
ngun cung cp, reactor v cc sn phm tng t - Phn 2-1: Yu cu c th i vi th
nghim dng cho my bin p v ngun cung cp ring r c lp bin p ring r dng cho cc
ng dng chung)
IEC 61558-2-4, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products -
Part 2-4: Particular requirements for isolating transformers for general applications (An ton i
vi bin p an ton, ngun cung cp, reactor v cc sn phm tng t - Phn 2-4: Yu cu c
th i vi bin p cch ly dng cho cc ng dng chung)
IEC 61558-2-6, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products -
Part 2-6: Particular requirements for safety isolating transformers for general applications (An
ton i vi bin p an ton, ngun cung cp, reactor v cc sn phm tng t - Phn 2-6: Yu
cu c th i vi bin p cch ly an ton dng cho cc ng dng chung)
IEC 61558-2-15, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products -
Part 2-15: Particular requirements for isolating transformers for the supply of medical locations
(An ton i vi bin p an ton, ngun cung cp, reactor v cc sn phm tng t - Phn 2-
15: Yu cu c th i vi bin p cch ly dng cung cp ngun cho cc khu vc y t)
IEC 61643 (tt c cc phn), Low-voltage surge protective devices (Thit b bo v chng t
bin dng in h p)
IEC 61936-1, Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. - Part 1: Common rules (H thng lp t
in ln hn 1 kV xoay chiu - Phn 1: Quy tc chung)
IEC 62305-1, Protection against lighting - Part 1: General principles (Bo v chng st - Phn 1:
Nguyn tc chung)
IEC 62305-3, Protection against lighting - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
(Bo v chng st - Phn 3: Hng hc v vt l n kt cu v cc nguy him tnh mng)
IEC 62305-4, Protection against lightning - Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within
structures (Bo v chng st - Phn 4: H thng in v in t trong kt cu)
441 ( trng)
442 Bo v h thng lp t in h p khi qu in p tm thi do s c ni t trong
h thng in cao p v do s c trong h thng in h p
442.1 Phm vi p dng
Qui tc ca iu ny cung cp cc yu cu an ton i vi h thng lp t in h p trong
trng hp
- s c gia h thng in cao p v t trong trm bin p cung cp in cho h thng in h
p.
- mt trung tnh ngun trong h thng in h p.
- ngn mch gia dy pha v trung tnh
- ni t ngu nhin ca dy pha ca h thng in h p IT.
Yu cu i vi b tr ni t ti trm bin p c cho trong IEC 61936-1.
442.1.1 Yu cu chung
V iu 442 cp n s c gia ng dy cao p v t trong trm HV/LV nn iu ny a
ra qui tc cho ngi thit k v lp t ca trm in. Cn c cc thng tin di y lin quan
n h thng cao p:
- cht lng ca ni t h thng;
- mc dng in s c ni t ln nht;
- in tr ca b tr ni t.
Cc iu nh di y xt n bn trng hp nh xut trong 442.1 m thng gy ra cc
qu in p tm thi nghim trng nht nh nh ngha trong IEC 60050-604:
- s c gia (cc) h thng in cao p v t (xem 442.2);
- mt trung tnh trong h thng in h p (xem 442.3);
- ni t ngu nhin trong h thng in IT h p (xem 442.4);
- ngn mch trong h thng lp t h p (xem 442.5).
442.1.2 K hiu
Trong iu 442 s dng cc k hiu sau (xem Hnh 44.A1):
IE phn ca dng in s c vi t trong h thng in cao p chy qua b tr ni t ca trm
bin p.
RE in tr ca b tr ni t ca trm bin p.
RA in tr ca b tr ni t ca cc b phn dn h ca thit b trong h thng in h p.
RB in tr ca b tr ni t ca trung tnh h thng in h p, i vi cc h thng h p
trong b tr ni t ca trm bin p v trung tnh h thng in h p khng ph thuc v
in
Uo trong cc h thng TN v TT: in p pha hiu dng xoay chiu danh ngha vi t.
trong h thng IT: in p xoay chiu danh ngha gia dy pha v dy trung tnh hoc dy gia,
ty theo tng trng hp.
Uf in p s c tn s cng nghip xut hin trong h thng in h p gia cc b phn dn
h v t trong thi gian s c.
U1 in p s c tn s cng nghip xut hin trong h thng in h p gia cc b phn dn
h ca thit b in h p ca trm bin p trong thi gian s c
U2 in p ng sut tn s cng nghip gia dy pha v b phn dn h ca thit b in h
p trong h thng in h p trong thi gian s c.
CH THCH 1: in p ng sut tn s cng nghip (U1 v U2) l in p xut hin qua cch
in ca thit b in h p v qua thit b bo v chng t bin ni vi h thng in h p.
S dng cc k hiu b sung di y trong cc h thng IT trong cc b phn dn h
ca thit b trong h thng in h p c ni vi b tr ni t m c lp v in vi b tr ni
t ca trm bin p.
Ih dng in s c chy trong b tr ni t ca cc b phn dn h ca thit b trong h thng
lp t in h p trong thi gian c s c in p cao v s c ln u trong h thng lp t
in h p (xem Bng 44.A.1)
Id dng in s c, m theo 411.6.2, chy trong b tr ni t ca cc b phn dn h ca h
thng lp t in h p trong thi gian s c ln u trong mng in h p (xem Bng 44.A.1).
Z tr khng (v tr tr khng bn trong IMD, tr khng trung tnh gi) gia h thng in h p v
b tr ni t.
CH THCH 2: B tr ni t c th coi l c lp v in vi cc b tr ni t khc nu vic tng
in th so vi t trong mt b tr ni t khng lm tng mt cch khng chp nhn c in
th so vi t ca b tr ni t khc. Xem IEC 61936-1.
442.2 Qu in p trong h thng in h p trong thi gian c s c vi t pha cao
p
Trong trng hp s c vi t trn pha cao p ca trm in, cc loi qu in p sau c th
nh hng n h thng lp t in h p:
 in p s c tn s cng nghip (Uf);
in p ng sut tn s cng nghip (U1 v U2)
Bng 44.A1 a ra cc phng php lin quan n tnh ton i vi cc loi qu in p khc
nhau.
CH THCH 1: Bng 44.A1 lin quan n cc h thng IT ch c im trung tnh. i vi cc h
thng IT khng c trung tnh, cng thc ny cn c iu chnh theo.

Hnh 44.A1 - S th hin cc mi ni c th c vi t trong trm in v h thng lp

t in h p v xy ra qu in p trong trng hp s c
Khi c h thng ni t cao p v h p gn nhau th hin nay s dng hai thng l sau:
- ni lin kt tt c cc h thng ni t cao p (RE) v h p (RB);
- cch ly h thng ni t cao p (RE) vi h thng ni t h p (RB).
Phng php chung c s dng l ni lin kt. Cc h thng ni t cao p v h p phi
c ni lin kt vi nhau nu h thng in h p c hn ch trong vng c che ph bi
h thng ni t cao p (xem IEC 61936-1).
CH THCH 2: Ni dung chi tit v cc loi ni t h thng khc nhau (TN, TT, IT) c cho
trong TCVN 7447-1 (IEC 60364-1).
Bng 44.A1 - in p ng sut tn s cng nghip v in p s c tn s cng nghip
trong h thng in h p
Kiu ni t Kiu u ni t U1 U2 U1
h thng
TT Ni RE v RB Uo *) RE x IE + Uo 0 *)
Cch ly RE v RB RE x IE + Uo Uo *) 0 *)
TN Ni RE v RB Uo *) Uo *) RE x IE **)
Cch ly RE v RB RE x IE + Uo Uo *) 0 *)
IT Ni RE v Z Uo *) RE x IE + Uo 0 *)
Ni lin kt RE v RA Uo x 3 RE x IE + Uo x 3 RE x I h

Cch ly RE v Z Uo *) Uo *) RE x IE
Ni lin kt RE v RA Uo x 3 Uo x 3 RE x IE
 Cch ly RE v Z RE x IE + Uo Uo *) 0 *)
Cch ly RE v RA RE x IE + Uo x 3 Uo x 3 RE x Id

*) Khng cn xem xt
**) Xem 442.2.1 on hai.

C s c ni t trong h thng lp t
CH THCH 3: Yu cu i vi U1 v U2 c ly ra t tiu ch thit k cch in ca thit b
in h p lin quan n qu in p tn s cng nghip (xem thm Bng 44.A2).
CH THCH 4: Trong h thng c trung tnh c ni vi b tr ni t ca trm bin p, qu
in p tn s cng nghip tm thi ny cng c d kin ngang qua cch in khng nm
trong v bc ni t khi thit b nm bn ngoi h thng lp t.
CH THCH 5: Trong cc h thng TT v TN, cm t "ni" hoc "cch ly" c lin quan n u
ni in gia RE v RB. i vi h thng IT, cm t ny lin quan n u ni in gia RE v Z
v u ni gia RE v RA.
442.2.1 ln v thi gian ca in p s c tn s cng nghip
ln v thi gian ca in p s c Uf (nh tnh ton trong Bng 44.A1) xut hin trong h
thng lp t in h p gia b phn dn h v t, khng c ln hn cc gi tr cho
trc i vi Uf bi ng cong ca Hnh 44.A2 i vi thi gian s c.
Thng thng, dy dn PEN ca h thng in h p c ni vi t ti nhiu hn mt im.
Trong trng hp ny, in tr tng gim xung. i vi cc dy PEN c ni t ny, U f c
th tnh nh sau:
Uf = 0,5 RE x IE

Hnh 44.A2 - in p s c c th chu c do s c ni t trong h thng HV

CH THCH: ng cong th hin trn Hnh 44.A2 c ly t IEC 61936-1. Trn c s cc
bng chng xc sut v thng k th ng con ny th hin mc ri ro thp i vi trng hp
xu nht n gin trong trng hp dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p ch c ni t ti
b tr ni t ca trm bin p. Trong IEC 61936-1 a ra hng dn lin quan n cc trng
hp khc.
442.2.2 ln v thi gian ca in p ng sut
ln v thi gian ca in p ng sut tn s cng nghip (U1 v U2) nh c tnh ton trong
Bng 44.A1 ca thit b in h p thuc h thng lp t in h p do s c chm t trong h
thng in cao p khng c vt qu cc gi tr ca Bng 44.A2.
Bng 44.A2 - in p ng sut tn s cng nghip cho php
Thi gian xy ra s c chm t trong h in p ng sut tn s cng nghip cho
thng in cao p php trn thit b thuc h thng lp t in
t h p
U
>5s Uo + 250 V
5s Uo + 1 200 V
Trong cc h thng khng c dy trung tnh, Uo phi l in p pha-pha.
CH THCH 1: Dng th nht ca bng lin quan n cc h thng in cao p c thi gian ct
di, v d: h thng in cao p c trung tnh cch ly hoc h thng in cao p ni t cng
hng. Dng th hai lin quan n h thng in cao p, c thi gian ct ngn, v d h thng
in cao p ni t tr khng thp. C hai dng ny l tiu ch thit k cch in ca thit b in
h p lin quan n qu in p tm thi tn s cng nghip, xem IEC 60664-1.
CH THCH 2: Trong h thng c trung tnh ni vi b tr ni t ca trm bin p, qu in p
tm thi tn s cng nghip cng c d kin l ngang qua cch in m khng nm trong v
bc ni t khi thit b nm bn ngoi cng trnh.
442.2.3 Yu cu tnh ton gii hn
Khi c yu cu trong Bng 44.A1, in p ng sut tn s cng nghip cho php khng c
vt qu gi tr cho trong Bng 44.A2.
Khi c yu cu trong Bng 44.A1, in p s c tn s cng nghip cho php khng c vt
qu gi tr cho trong Bng 44.A2.
Yu cu ca 442.2.1 v 442.2.2 c coi l c p ng i vi cc h thng lp t c cp
ngun in h p t h thng phn phi in cng cng.
p ng cc yu cu trn, cn c s phi hp gia ngi vn hnh h thng in cao p v
ngi lp t h thng in h p. S ph hp vi cc yu cu trn ch yu thuc trch nhim
ca ngi lp t/s hu/iu hnh trm in v nhng ngi ny cng cn p ng cc yu
cu trong IEC 61936-1. Do tnh ton U1, U2 v Uf thng khng cn thit i vi ngi lp t
h thng in h p.
Mt s bin php c th s dng p ng cc yu cu trn l:
cch ly b tr ni t gia HV v LV;
thay i ni t h thng LV;
gim in tr t RE.
442.3 in p ng sut tn s cng nghip trong trng hp mt dy trung tnh trong h
thng TN v TT
Phi xt n thc t l, nu dy trung tnh trong h thng nhiu pha b ngt th cch in chnh,
cch in kp v cch in tng cng cng nh cc thnh phn c trng i vi in p gia
pha v trung tnh c th tm thi phi chu ng sut ca in p pha-pha. in p ng sut ny
c th t n U = 3 Uo.
442.4 in p ng sut tn s cng nghip trong trng hp c s c chm t trong h
thng in IT c trung tnh
Phi xt n thc t l nu mt pha ca h thng IT b chm t ngu nhin th cch in hoc
cc thnh phn danh nh i vi in p gia pha v trung tnh c th phi chu ng sut tm
thi l in p pha-pha. in p ng sut ny c th t ti U = 3 Uo.
442.5 in p ng sut tn s cng nghip trong trng hp ngn mch pha-trung tnh
Phi xt n thc t l nu xut hin ngn mch trong h thng lp t in h p gia pha v
trung tnh th in p gia cc pha khc v trung tnh c th t n gi tr 1,45 x U o trong thi
gian n 5s.
443 Bo v chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn hoc do ng ct
443.1 Qui nh chung
iu ny cp n vic bo v h thng lp t in khi qu in p qu c ngun gc kh
quyn truyn qua h thng phn phi in v khi qu in p do ng ct.
Nhn chung, qu in p do ng ct thp hn qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn v do cc
yu cu lin quan n vic bo v chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn thng bao hm
c bo v qu in p ng ct.
CH THCH 1: nh gi thng k cc php o cho thy t c kh nng qu in p do ng ct
cao hn mc qu in p cp II. Xem 443.2
Phi xem xt cc qu in p c th xut hin ti im bt u ca h thng lp t in, mc
keraunic d kin, v tr v cc c tnh ca thit b bo v chng t bin, sao cho gim kh nng
xy ra bin c do ng sut qu in p n mc chp nhn c i vi s an ton cho con
ngi v ti sn, cng nh i vi s lin tc mong mun ca dch v.
Gi tr qu in p tc thi ph thuc vo bn cht ca h thng phn phi ngun (ngm hoc
trn khng) v ph thuc vo kh nng c th c thit b bo v chng t bin pha trc im
bt u ca h thng lp t v mc in p ca h thng ngun.
iu ny a ra hng dn trong trng hp vic bo v chng qu in p c thc hin
bng b iu khin vn c hoc c m bo bng b iu khin bo v. Nu khng thc hin
vic bo v theo iu ny th phi hp cch in khng c m bo v phi nh gi ri ro do
qu in p.
Khng c p dng iu ny trong trng hp qu in p do st trc tip hoc gn. i vi
vic bo v chng qu in p qu do st trc tip, p dng cc b tiu chun IEC 62305-1,
IEC 62305-3, IEC 62305-4 v IEC 61643. iu ny khng cp n qu in p i qua cc h
thng truyn d liu.
CH THCH 2: V qu in p qu c ngun gc kh quyn, khng c s phn bit gia h
thng ni t v khng ni t.
CH THCH 3: Qu in p do ng ct bt ngun t bn ngoi h thng lp t in v c
truyn qua mng ngun c ang c xem xt.
CH THCH 4: Ri ro do qu in p c cp trong IEC 61662 v sa i 1 ca tiu chun
.
443.2 Phn loi in p chu xung (cp qu in p)
443.2.1 Mc ch phn loi in p chu xung (cp qu in p)
CH THCH 1: Cp qu in p c xc nh trong phm vi h thng lp t in nhm mc
ch phi hp cch in v a ra phn loi tng ng ca thit b vi cc in p chu xung,
xem Bng 44B.
CH THCH 2: in p chu xung danh nh l in p chu xung do nh ch to n nh cho
thit b hoc cho mt phn ca thit b, c trng cho kh nng chu qu in p qui nh ca
cch in (theo 3.9.2 ca IEC 60664-1).
S dng in p chu xung (cp qu in p) phn loi thit b c cp in trc tip t
ngun in li.
in p chu xung ca thit b chn theo in p danh ngha c cung cp phn bit mc
phn bit khc nhau v kh dng ca thit b lin quan n tnh lin tc ca dch v v ri ro
hng hc chp nhn c. Bng cch la chn thit b c in p chu xung theo phn loi, c
th c c phi hp cch in trong ton b h thng lp t, lm gim ri ro hng hc n
mc chp nhn c.
CH THCH 3: Trong hu ht cc h thng lp t, qu in p qu c truyn t h thng
phn phi ngun in n pha ph ti khng c suy gim ng k.
443.2.2 Quan h gia in p chu xung ca thit b v cp qu in p
Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp IV thch hp s dng , hoc
gn, im bt u ca h thng lp t, v d pha ngun ca t phn phi chnh. Thit b cp IV
c kh nng chu xung rt cao cung cp tin cy cao cn thit.
CH THCH 1: V d v thit b ny l ng h o in, thit b bo v chng qu dng s cp v
b khng ch nhp nh.
Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp III thch hp s dng trong h
thng lp t c nh v pha ti ca, v k c t phn phi chnh, cung cp kh dng cao.
CH THCH 2: V d v thit b ny l t phn phi, ptmt, h thng i dy (xem IEC 60050-
826, nh ngha 826-15-01) k c cc cp, thanh ci, hp ni, thit b ng ct, cm) trong h
thng lp t c nh, v thit b dng trong cng nghip v mt s thit b khc, v d nh ng
c in t tnh ti ni c nh vi h thng lp t c nh.
Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp II thch hp ni vi h thng lp
t in c nh, c kh dng cn thit cho thit b s dng dng in.
CH THCH 3: V d v thit b ny l thit b dng trong gia nh v cc ph ti tng t.
Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp I ch thch hp s dng trong h
thng lp t c nh ca cng trnh, trong cc bin php bo v c p dng pha ngoi
thit b gii hn qu in p qu mc qui nh.
CH THCH 4: V d v thit b ny l cc thit b cha mch in t nh my tnh, thit b hot
ng theo chng trnh iu khin bng in t, v.v
Thit b c in p chu xung tng ng vi qu in p cp I khng c ni trc tip vi h
thng cung cp in cng cng.
443.3 B tr khng ch qu in p
Khng ch qu in p c b tr theo cc yu cu sau:
443.3.1 Khng ch qu in p vn c
Khng p dng iu ny khi s dng vic nh gi ri ro theo 443.3.2.2.
Trong trng hp h thng lp t c cp in t mt h thng in h p c chn ngm
hon ton v khng c cc ng dy trn khng, th in p chu xung ca thit b theo Bng
44B l v khng cn c bt c bo v c bit chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn
no khc.
CH THCH 1: Cp treo c dy dn cch in, c mn chn kim loi ni t c coi l tng
ng vi cp ngm.
Trong trng hp h thng lp t c cp in bi ng dy h p trn khng hoc c cha
ng dy h p trn khng v mc keraunic t hn hoc bng 25 ngy trong mt nm (AQ 1),
th khng cn c bin php bo v ring chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn.
CH THCH 2: Cho d gi tr AQ l bao nhiu th bo v chng qu in p u l cn thit trong
cc ng dng c d kin c tin cy cao hn hoc ri ro cao hn (v d chy).
Trong c hai trng hp, phi xem xt vic bo v chng qu in p qu i vi thit b c
in p chu xung theo qu in p cp I (xem 443.2.2)
443.3.2 Khng ch qu in p bo v
Quyt nh s dng phng php no trong cc phng php di y lin quan n vic cung
cp thit b bo v chng t bin (SPD) thuc thm quyn ca y ban quc gia c thm quyn,
da trn cc iu kin ti ni lp t.
Trong mi trng hp, phi xem xt vic bo v chng qu in p qu i vi thit b c
in p chu xung theo qu in p cp I (xem 443.2.2).
443.3.2.1 Khng ch qu in p bo v da trn cc iu kin nh hng bn ngoi
Trong trng hp h thng lp t c cp in bng ng dy ti in trn khng hoc c
ng dy ti in trn khng, v mc keraunic ca v tr lp t nhiu hn 25 ngy trong mt
nm (AQ 2), th cn c bo v chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn. Mc bo v ca thit
b bo v khng c cao hn mc qu in p cp II, cho trong Bng 44B.
CH THCH 1: Mc qu in p c th khng ch bng cc thit b bo v chng t bin t
st vi im bt u ca h thng lp t, hoc trn ng dy trn khng (xem Ph lc B) hoc
trong h thng lp t ca cng trnh.
CH THCH 2: Theo iu A.1 ca IEC 62305-3, 25 ngy ging st trong mt nm tng ng
2
vi 2,5 chp trn mi km trong mt nm. iu ny c rt ra t cng thc sau:
Ng = 0,1 Td
Trong
2
Ng l tn sut ca chp trn mi km trong mt nm;
Td l s ngy ging st trong mt nm (mc keraunic).
443.3.2.2 Khng ch qu in p bo v da trn nh gi ri ro
CH THCH 1: Phng php nh gi ri ro chung c nu trong IEC 61662. Khi c lin quan
n iu 443, chp nhn vic n gin ha v c bn ca phng php ny. Vic n gin ha
ny da trn chiu di ti hn dc ca ng dy i vo v mc hu qu nh m t di y.
Di y l cc mc hu qu khc nhau ca vic bo v:
a) hu qu lin quan n cuc sng con ngi, v d cc dch v an ton, thit b y t trong bnh
vin;
b) hu qu lin quan n dch v cng cng, v d mt in trong dch v cng cng, trung tm
cng ngh thng tin, bo tng;
c) hu qu lin quan n hot ng thng mi hoc cng nghip, v d khch sn, ngn hng,
c s sn xut, c s thng mi, trang tri;
d) hu qu lin quan n cc nhm c nhn, v d chung c ln, nh th, vn phng, trng
hc;
e) hu qu lin quan n c nhn, v d nh , vn phng nh.
i vi cc mc hu qu t a) n c), phi c bo v chng qu in p.
CH THCH 2: Khng cn thc hin vic tnh ton nh gi ri ro theo Ph lc C i vi cc
mc hu qu t a) n c) bi v vic tnh ton ny lun dn n kt qu l i hi phi c bo v.
i vi cc mc d) v e), yu cu bo v ph thuc vo kt qu ca tnh ton. Phi thc hin
tnh ton bng cch s dng cng thc trong Ph lc C xc nh chiu di d, chiu di ny
da trn qui c v c gi l chiu di qui c.
Yu cu c bo v nu:
d > dc.
trong
d l chiu di qui c, tnh bng km, ca ng dy cung cp in ca kt cu ang xt, c gi
tr ln nht l 1 km;
dc l chiu di ti hn;
1 2
dc tnh bng km, bng i vi mc hu qu d) v bng i vi mc hu qu e) trong
Ng Ng
2
Ng l tn sut ca chp trn mi km trong mt nm.
Nu vic tnh ton ny cho thy cn phi c thit b bo v chng t bin th mc bo v ca
cc thit b bo v ny khng c ln hn mc qu in p cp II cho trong Bng 44B.
443.4 in p chu xung yu cu ca thit b
Thit b phi c chn sao cho in p chu xung danh nh khng nh hn in p chu xung
yu cu nh qui nh trong Bng 44B. Tng y ban v sn phm c trch nhim yu cu in p
chu xung danh nh trong cc tiu chun lin quan theo IEC 60664-1.
Bng 44B - in p chu xung danh nh yu cu ca thit b
in p danh ngha ca h in p chu xung yu cu i vi
a) c)
thng lp t in kV
H thng ba H thng mt Thit b ti Thit b ca Trang b v Thit b c bo
b)
pha pha c im im bt u mch phn thit b s v ring (qu
gia ca h thng phi v mch dng dng in p cp I)
lp t in cui (qu in in (qu in
(qu in p p cp III) p cp II)
cp IV)
120 - 240 4 2,5 1,5 0,8
b)
230/400
b)
- 6 4 2,5 1,5
277/480
400/690 - 8 6 4 2,5
1 000 - 12 8 6 4
a)
Theo TCVN 7995 (IEC 60038)
b)
Canada v M, i vi cc in p so vi t cao hn 300 V, p dng in p chu xung
tng ng vi in p cao nht tip theo trong ct mt.
c)
in p chu xung ny c p dng gia cc dy mang in v dy PE.
444 Bin php chng nh hng in t
444.1 Quy nh chung
iu 444 a ra cc khuyn co c bn gim nh nhiu in t. Nhiu in t (EMI) c th
gy nhiu hoc lm hng cc h thng cng ngh thng tin hoc thit b cng ngh thng tin
cng nh thit b c linh kin hoc mch in t. Dng in do st, theo tc ng ct, ngn mch
hoc cc hin tng in t khc c th gy qu in p hoc nhiu in t.
Cc nh hng ny l khc nghit nht
- trong trng hp c vng lp kim loi ln; v
- trong trng hp cc h thng i dy in khc nhau c lp t trong cc tuyn chung, v d
cp ngun v truyn tn hiu cho thit b cng ngh thng tin trong ta nh.
Gi tr ca in p cm ng ph thuc vo tc tng (di/dt) dng in nhiu v ph thuc vo
kch thc ca vng.
Cp ngun mang dng in ln c tc tng dng in cao (di/dt) (v d dng in khi ng
thang my hoc dng in c khng ch bi b chnh lu) c th gy ra qu in p trong cc
cp ca h thng cng ngh thng tin, m c th lm nh hng hoc lm hng thit b cng
ngh thng tin hoc thit b in tng t.
Trong hoc gn phng s dng cho y t, trng in v trng t i cng vi h thng lp t
in c th gy nhiu c cc thit b in y t.
iu ny a ra thng tin cho cc kin trc s ca cng trnh v cho nhng ngi thit k v lp
t h thng lp t in ca cc cng trnh trn mt s kha cnh lp t c th gii hn nh
hng in t. iu ny cng a ra cc xem xt c bn gim nh cc nh hng c th
gy nhiu.
444.2 ( trng)
CH THCH: iu ny c sn b sung sau ny.
444.3 nh ngha
h vi cc nh ngha c bn, xem TCVN 7447-1 (IEC 60364-1). Trong tiu chun ny, p dng
thm cc nh ngha sau:
444.3.1 Mng lin kt BN (bonding network BN)
Tp hp cc kt cu dn lin kp vi nhau cung cp "mn chn in t" cho h thng in t
tn s t in mt chiu (d.c.) n tn s radio thp (RF).
[3.2.2 ca ETS 300.253:1995]
CH THCH: Thut ng "mn chn in t" ch tt c cc kt cu c s dng lm lch
hng, chn hoc cn tr ng i ca nng lng in t. Thng thng, BN khng cn ni
vi t nhng trong tiu chun ny BN c ni vi t.
444.3.2 Dy dn vng lin kt BRC (bonding ring conductor BRC)
Thanh ci ni t to thnh mt vng kn.
[3.1.3 ca EN 50310:2000]
CH THCH: Thng thng, dy dn vng lin kp, l mt phn ca mng lin kt, c nhiu mi
ni n CBN ci thin tnh nnc ca n.
444.3.3 H thng lin kt ng th chung (common equipotential bonding system)
Mng lin kt chung (common bonding netvork)
CBN
H thng lin kt ng th cung cp c lin kt ng th bo v v lin kt ng th chc nng.
[IEV 195-02-25]
444.3.4 Lin kt ng th (equipotential bonding)
Cung cp cc mi ni in gia cc b phn dn, c thit k t c s ng th.
[IEV 195-01-10]
444.3.5 Mng t - in cc (aarth-electrode network)
Mt phn ca b tr t ch gm in cb t v cc mi ni lin kt gia chng.
[IEV 195-02-21]
444.3.6 Mng lin kt mt li (meshed bonding network)
MESH-BN
Mng lin kt trong tt c cc khung thit b, ray v t lp cng v thng c c dy tr v
ca in mt chiu c lin kt vi nHau v lin kt ti nhiu im vi CBN v c th c dng
mt li.
[3.2.2 ca ETS 300 253:1995]
CH THCH: MESH-BN lm tng CBN.
444.3.7 Dy dn lin kt ng th trn nhnh r (mch nhnh equipotential bondijg conductor)
Dy dn ni t song song (parallel earthing conductor)
PEC
Dy dn ni t c ni song song vi mn tn hiu v/hoc cp d liu gii hn dng in
chy qua mn tn hiu.
444.4 Gim nh nhiu in t (EMI)
Ngi thit k v lp t h thng in phi xem xt cc bin php m t di y gim nh
hng in v t ln thit b.
Ch c s dng thit b in p ng cc yu cu trong cc tiu chun EMC thch hp hoc
yu cu EMC ca tiu chun sn phm lin quan.
444.4.1 Ngun EMI
Thit b in nhy vi cc nh hng in t khng c t gn cc ngun pht x in t
tim n v d nh
- thit b ng ct dng cho ti cm ng,
- ng c in,
- n hunh quang,
- my hn,
- my tnh,
- b chnh lu,
- b bm,
- b chuyn i/iu chnh tn s,
- thang my,
- my bin p,
- kh c ng ct,
- thanh ci phn phi in.
444.4.2 Bin php gim EMI
Cc bin php sau lm gim nhiu in t.
a) i vi thit b in nhy vi cc nh hng in t, thit b bo v chng t bin v/hoc b
lc c khuyn co s dng ci thin tnh tng thch in t lin quan n hin tng in
t dn.
b) V bc kim loi ca cp cn c ni lin kt vi CBN.
c) Cn trnh cc vng cm ng bng cch chn tuyn chung cho h thng i dy ca mch in,
mch tn hiu v mch d liu.
d) Cp in v cp tn hiu cn c gi cch nhau v, nu c th thc hin c, t cho
vung gc nhau (xem 444.6.3).
e) S dng cp c dy dn ng tm gim dng in cm ng trong dy bo v.
f) S dng cp nhiu li i xng (v d cp c chng nhiu c cha dy bo v ring r) i vi
cc mi ni in gia b chuyn i v ng c, m c ng c ko c khng ch tn s.
g) S dng cp tn hiu v cp d liu ph hp vi cc yu cu EMC trong hng dn ca nh
ch to.
h) Trong trng hp lp t h thng bo v chng st,
- cp ngun v cp tn hiu phi t cch dy dn bn di ca h thng bo v chng st
(LPS) bng khong cch ti thiu hoc bng cch s dng mn chn. Khong cch ti thiu phi
c ngi thit k LPS xc nh ph hp vi IEC 62305-3;
- v bc kim loi hoc mn chn ca cp ngun v cp tn hiu cn c ni lin kt ph hp
vi cc yu cu bo v chng st cho trong IEC 62305-3 v IEC 62305-4.
i) Trong trng hp s dng cp tn hiu hoc cp d liu c chng nhiu, cn thn trng
hn ch dng in s c t cc h thng in chy qua mn chn v li ca cp tn hiu, hoc
cp d liu c ni t. Cc dy dn b sung c th cn thit, v d dy lin kt ng th trn
nhnh ph tng cng mn chn; xem Hnh 44.R1.

Hnh 44.R1 - Dy dn trn nhnh ph tng cng mn chn nhm cung cp h thng
lin kt ng th chung
CH THCH 1: Vic c cc dy dn trn nhnh ph gn v bc cp tn hiu hoc cp d liu
cng lm gim din tch vng kt hp vi thit b, m ch c ni bng dy bo v vi t.
Thc t ny lm gim ng k nh hng EMC ca xung in t do st (LEMP).
j) Trong trng hp cp tn hiu hoc cp d liu c bc kim loi c s dng chung cho mt
s ta nh cp in t h thng TT, th cn s dng dy dn lin kt ng th trn nhnh ph;
2
xem Hnh 44.R2. Dy dn trn nhnh ph phi c din tch mt ct ti thiu l 16 mm Cu hoc
tng ng. Din tch mt ct tng ng phi c xc nh theo 544.1 ca TCVN 7447-5-
54 (IEC 60364-5-54).
 Hnh 44.R2 - V d v dy dn ng th thay th hoc trn nhnh ph trong h thng TT
CH THCH 2: Trong trng hp s dng mn chn ni t lm tuyn tn hiu tr v th c th
s dng cp ng trc kp.
CH THCH 3: Nn lu l nu khng th t c s ng thun theo 413.1.2.1 (on cui)
th ngi s hu hoc ngi vn hnh phi c trch nhim trnh mi nguy him do vic loi tr
cc cp ny khi mi ni vi lin kt ng th chnh.
CH THCH 4: Vn v in p vi sai vi t trn mng vin thng cng cng rng l trch
nhim ca nh iu hnh mng, nh iu hnh mng ny c th s dng cc phng php
khc.
CH THCH 5: H Lan, dy dn lin kt ng th trn nhnh ph, ni h thng ni t ca mt
s h thng TT vi nhau, ch c php nu bo v s c, ph hp vi 413.1.4, vn cn hiu
lc trong trng hp hng RCD bt k.
k) Mi ni lin kt ng th cn c tr khng cng thp cng tt
- bng cch c kch thc cng ngn cng tt.
- bng cch c hnh dng mt ct to ra in khng cm ng v tr khng thp trn mi mt
tuyn dn, v d di lin kt c t s gia chiu rng v chiu dy l 5:1.
l) Trong trng hp s dng thanh ci ni t (theo 444.5.8) h thng lin kt ng th
ca h thng lp t cng ngh thng tin quan trng ca ta nh, th thanh ci ny c th c
lp t di dng vng kn.
CH THCH 6: Bin php ny c u tin p dng trong cc ta nh trong cng nghip vin
thng.
444.4.3 H thng TN
gim thiu nh hng in t, p dng cc iu sau.
444.4.3.1 Khng nn duy tr cc h thng TN-C trong cc ta nh c cha hoc c nhiu kh
nng cha mt lng ng k cc thit b cng ngh thng tin.
Cc h thng TN-C khng c s dng trong cc ta nh c kt cu mi c cha hoc c
nhiu kh nng cha mt lng ng k cc thit b cng ngh thng tin.
CH THCH: H thng lp t TN-C c nhiu kh nng c dng in ti hoc dng in s c b
li sang cc dch v hoc kt cu kim loi trong ta nh do lin kt ng th.
444.4.3.2 Trong cc ta nh hin hnh c cp in t mang in h p cng cng v c cha
hoc c nhiu kh nng cha mt lng ng k cc thit b cng ngh thng tin, cn lp t h
thng TN-S v pha ti so vi im bt u h thng lp t; xem Hnh 44.R3A.
Trong cc ta nh c kt cu mi, h thng TN-S phi c lp t v pha ti ca im bt u
h thng lp t; xem Hnh 44.R3A.
CH THCH: Hiu qu ca h thng TN-S c th tng ln bng cch s dng thit b theo di
dng d, RCM, ph hp vi IEC 62020.
1) Khng c in p ri U dc theo dy PE trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
2) Mch vng c din tch gii hn bi cp tn hiu hoc cp d liu.
Hnh 44.R3A - Trnh dng in trung tnh trong kt cu lin kt bng cch s dng h
thng TN-S t im bt u ngun in cng cng n v k c mch cui trong cng
trnh
444.4.3.3 Trong cc ta nh hin c, khi h thng in h p hon chnh k c bin p ch c
ngi s dng vn hnh v c cha hoc c nhiu kh nng cha mt lng ng k thit b
cng ngh thng tin cn lp t h thng TN-S: xem Hnh 44.R3B.
1) Khng c in p ri U dc theo dy dn PE trong cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
2) Mch vng c din tch gii hn c hnh thnh t cp tn hiu hoc cp d liu.
Hnh 44.R3B - Trnh dng in trung tnh trong kt cu lin kt bng cch s dng h
thng TN-S v pha ti ca my bin p ngun ring ca h tiu th
444.4.3.4 Trong trng hp h thng hin c l h thng TN-C-S (xem Hnh 44.R4), cn trnh
cc mch vng cp tn hiu v cp d liu bng cch
- thay i tt c cc phn TN-C ca h thng lp t th hin trn Hnh 44.R4 thnh TN-S, nh
th hin trn Hnh 44.R3A, hoc
- trnh cc u ni lin kt cp tn hiu v cp d liu gia cc phn khc nhau ca h thng lp
t TN-S, trong trng hp thay i ny khng th thc hin c.
1) in p ri U dc theo dy dn PEN trong lm vic bnh thng.
2) Mch vng c din tch gii hn c hnh thnh t cp tn hiu hoc cp d liu.
3) B phn dn bn ngoi h thng lp t.
CH THCH: Trong h thng TN-C-S, dng in m ch c th chy qua dy trung tnh trong h
thng TN-S, cng chy qua mn chn hoc dy chun ca cc cp tn hiu, b phn dn h
v b phn dn bn ngoi h thng lp t nh phn kim loi ca kt cu.
Hnh 44.R4 - H thng TN-C-S trong h thng lp t in ca cng trnh hin c
444.4.4 H thng TT
Trong h thng TT nh th hin trn Hnh 44.R5, cn xt n qu in p c th tn ti gia cc
b phn mang in v cc b phn dn h khi cc b phn dn h ca ta nh khc c
ni vi cc in cc ni t khc nhau.
1) in p ri U dc theo dy PEN trong lm vic bnh thng.
2) Mch vng c din tch gii hn c hnh thnh t cp tn hiu hoc cp d liu.
Hnh 44.R5 - H thng TT trong h thng lp t in ca cng trnh
444.4.5 H thng IT
Trong h thng IT ba pha (xem Hnh 44.R6), in p gia dy pha khng c s c v b phn
dn h c th tng n in p pha-pha khi c s c cch in n gia dy pha v b phn
dn h; cn xem xt tnh trng ny.
CH THCH: Thit b in t c cp in trc tip gia dy pha v trung tnh cn c thit
k chu c in p gia dy pha v b phn dn h, xem yu cu tng ng trong
TCVN 7326-1 (IEC 60950-1) i vi thit b cng ngh thng tin.
1) in p ri U dc theo dy PEN trong lm vic bnh thng.
2) Mch vng c din tch gii hn c hnh thnh t cp tn hiu hoc cp d liu.
Hnh 44.R6 - H thng IT trong h thng lp t in ca cng trnh
444.4.6 Ngun cung cp gm nhiu ngun
i vi ngun cung cp gm nhiu ngun, phi p dng cc iu khon trong 444.4.6.1 v
444.4.6.2.
CH THCH: Trong trng hp s dng nhiu ni t ca cc im ni sao ca cc ngun trong
ngun cung cp, cc dng in dy trung tnh c th chy ngc tr li im ni sao lin quan,
khng ch qua dy trung tnh m cn qua dy bo v nh th hin trn Hnh 44.R7A. V l do
ny, tng cc dng in thnh phn chy trong h thng lp t in khng cn bng "khng"
na v to ra trng t tp tn, tng t nh trng t trong cp mt si.
Trong trng hp cc cp mt si mang dng in xoay chiu, trng in t mc vng to ra
xung quanh li ca dy dn m c th gy nhiu n thit b in t. Dng in hi to ra cc
trng in t tng t nhng chng suy gim nhanh hn so vi dng in hi do dng in c
bn to ra.
 Hnh 44.R7A - Ngun cung cp gm nhiu ngun TN c nhiu mi ni khng thch hp
gia PEN v t
444.4.6.1 Ngun cung cp gm nhiu ngun TN
Trong trng hp ngun cp cp in cho h thng lp t gm nhiu ngun TN, v l do EMC,
cc im ni cao ca cc ngun khc nhau phi c ni lin kt bng dy dn cch in m
dy dn ny c ni vi t cng mt im, xem Hnh 44.R7B.

a) Khng c c mi ni trc tip t cc im trung tnh ca bin p hoc im ni sao ca

my pht vi t.
b) Dy dn ni lin kt cc im trung tnh ca bin p hoc im ni sao ca my pht phi
c cch in. Dy dn ny c chc nng nh mt dy PEN v c th c ghi nhn nh vy;
dy dn ny khng c ni vi thit b s dng dng in v phi gn vo hoc t cnh dy
dn mt cnh bo v quy nh ny.
c) Ch c c mt mi ni gia cc im trung tnh ni lin kt vi nhau ca cc ngun v dy
PE. Mi ni ny phi c t trong cm kh c ng ct chnh.
d) Cho php c ni t b sung ca PE trong h thng lp t.
Hnh 44.R7B - Ngun cung cp gm nhiu ngun cp in cho h thng lp t c mi ni
vi t ca cc im ni sao ti cng mt im
444.4.6.2 Ngun cung cp gm nhiu ngun TT
Trong trng hp ngun cung cp gm nhiu ngun TT cp in cho h thng lp t, v kha
cnh EMC, cc im ni sao ca cc ngun khc nhau nn ni lin kt vi nhau v c ni vi
t ti ch mt im, xem Hnh 44.R8.
a) Khng c c mi ni trc tip t cc im trung tnh ca bin p hoc im ni sao ca
my pht vi t.
b) Dy dn ni lin kt cc im trung tnh ca bin p hoc im ni sao ca my pht phi
c cch in. Dy dn ny c chc nng nh mt dy PEN v c th c ghi nhn nh vy;
dy dn ny khng c ni vi thit b s dng dng in v phi gn vo hoc t cnh dy
dn mt cnh bo v quy nh ny.
c) Ch c c mt mi ni gia cc im trung tnh ni lin kt vi nhau ca cc ngun v dy
PE. Mi ni ny phi c t trong cm kh c ng ct chnh.
Hnh 44.R8 - Ngun cung cp gm nhiu ngun TT cp in cho h thng lp t c mi
ni vi t ca cc im ni sao ti cng mt im
444.4.7 Chuyn i ngun
Trong h thng TN, vic chuyn i t ngun ny sang ngun thay th khc phi c thc hin
bng thit b ng ct, thit b ny ng ct cc dy pha v dy trung tnh, nu cn, xem Hnh
44.R9A, 44.R9B v 44.R9C.
CH THCH: Phng php ny ngn nga trng in t do cc dng in tp tn trong h
thng ngun ca h thng lp t in. Tng ca cc dng in trong mt cp phi bng khng.
iu ny m bo rng dng in trung tnh ch chy trong dy trung tnh ca mch in, khi
mch in c ng in. Dng in hi bc ba (150 Hz) ca dy pha s c cng vi cng
mt gc pha vi dng in dy trung tnh.
Hnh 44.R9A - Ngun thay th ba pha c thit b ng ct 4 cc

CH THCH: Ngun thay th ba pha c thit b ng ct 3 cc khng thch hp s gy ra dng

in mc vng khng mong mun, dng in ny s to ra cc trng in t.
Hnh 44.R9B - Dng in trung tnh chy trong ngun thay th ba pha c thit b ng ct
3 cc khng thch hp
CH THCH: Mi ni t n mch in th cp ca UPS khng bt buc. Nu b qua mi ni
ny th ngun ch UPS s dng h thng IT v, trong ch mch nhnh, ngun s
ging mt h thng cp ngun h p.
Hnh 44.R9C - Ngun cung cp thay th mt pha c thit b ng ct 2 cc
444.4.8 Cc dch v i vo cng trnh
Cc ng kim loi (v d ng ng nc, kh t hoc si m khu vc) v cp in v cp tn
hiu i vo tt nht l i vo cng trnh ti cng mt v tr. Cc ng kim loi v o gip kim loi
ca cp phi c lin kt vi u ni t chnh bng cc dy dn tr khng thp; xem Hnh
44.R10.
CH THCH: Ni lin kt ch c php khi c s tha thun gia ngi vn hnh cc dch v
bn ngoi.

MET u ni t chnh
I Dng in cm ng
CH THCH: im vo chung u tin, U = 0V.
Hnh 44.R10 - Cp c o gip v cc ng kim loi i vo cng trnh (v d)
V kha cnh EMC, cn c cc phn cha khong trng trong ta nh khp kn ca h thng lp
t in dnh ring cho thit b in v in t (v d thit b theo di, iu khin hoc bo v,
thit b u ni, v.v...) v phi tip cn c khi bo dng.
444.4.9 Cc cng trnh ring r
Trong trng hp cc cng trnh khc nhau c h thng lin kt ng th ring r, cp si quang
khng c thnh phn kim loi hoc cc h thng khng dn in khc c th c s dng
truyn tn hiu v d liu, v d bin p tn hiu vi sng dng cch ly ph hp vi IEC 61558-
2-1, IEC 61558-2-4, IEC 61558-2-6, IEC 61558-2-15 v TCVN 7326-1 (IEC 60950-1).
CH THCH 1: Vn v in p vi sai vi t trn mng vin thng cng cng phm vi rng l
trch nhim ca nh iu hnh mng, nh iu hnh ny c th s dng cc phng php khc.
CH THCH 2: i vi cc h thng truyn d liu khng dn, vic s dng cc dy dn mch
nhnh l khng cn thit.
444.4.10 Bn trong cng trnh
Trong trng hp c cc vn trong h thng lp t ca ta nh hin c do nh hng in
t th cc bin php di y c th ci thin c tnh hnh; xem Hnh 44.R11.
1) s dng cc lin kt bng cp si quang khng c thnh phn kim loi dng cho mch tn hiu
v mch d liu, xem 444.4.9;
2) s dng thit b Cp II;
3) s dng bin p hai cun dy ph hp vi IEC 61558-2-1 hoc IEC 61558-2-4 hoc IEC
61558-2-6 hoc IEC 61558-2-15. Mch in th cp nn c ni nh mt h thng TN-S
nhng cng c th s dng h thng IT nh c yu cu i vi cc ng dng c bit.

Ch gii M t cc bin php minh ha iu/s hiu

tiu chun
1) Cp v ng ng kim loi i vo ta nh ti cng mt v tr 444.4.8
2) Tuyn chung c cch ly v trnh cc mch vng 444.4.2
3) Dy lin kt cng ngn cng tt, v s dng dy ni t song song IEC 61000-2-5
vi cp 444.4.2
4) Cp tn hiu c v bc chng nhiu v/hoc dy dn xon i 444.4.12
5) Trnh TN-C pha bn kia im ngun i vo 444.4.3
6) S dng bin p c cc cun dy ring r 444.4.10
7) H thng lin kt cc b nm ngang 444.5.4
8) S dng thit b cp II 444.4.10
Hnh 44.R11 - Minh ha cc bin php trong cng trnh hin c
444.4.11 Thit b bo v
Cn chn cc thit b bo v c chc nng thch hp trnh cc tc ng khng ch do mc
dng in qu cao, v d b tr thi gian hoc b lc.
444.4.12 Cp tn hiu
Cn s dng cp c v bc chng nhiu v/hoc cp xon i lm cp tn hiu.
444.5 Ni t v lin kt ng th
444.5.1 Ni lin kt cc in cc t
i vi mt s ta nh, khi nim in cc t chuyn dng v in cc t c lp ni vi
mng dy dn ng th c th khng thch hp khi thit b in t c s dng cho trao i
thng tin v d liu gia cc ta nh khc nhau v mt s nguyn nhn sau:
- vic ghp ni tn ti gia cc in cc t khc nhau ny v lm tng in p n thit b mt
cch khng khng ch c;
- thit b ni lin kt vi nhau c th c cc t chun khc nhau;
- c ri ro in git, c bit trong trng hp c qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn.
Do , tt c cc dy dn bo v v dy ni t chc nng cn c ni vi mt u ni t
chnh duy nht.
Ngoi ra, tt c cc in cc t lin quan n ta nh tc l cc in cc t dng cho bo v,
chc nng v bo v chng st, phi c ni lin kt vi nhau; xem Hnh 44.R12.
Trong mt s cng trnh, khi cc mi ni lin kt gia cc in cc t khng th thc hin c
th nn p dng cch ly galvanic ca cc mng thng tin, v d bng cch s dng lin kt si
quang; xem thm 444.4.10.

Hnh 44.R12 - in cc t ni lin kt

Dy dn lin kt bo v v dy dn lin kt chc nng phi ni ring r vi u ni t chnh
theo cch sao cho nu mt dy dn b ngt th cc mi ni ca tt c cc dy dn khc vn c
gi chc chn.
444.5.2 Ni lin kt cc mng i vo v b tr ni t
Cc b phn dn h ca thit b cng ngh thng tin v thit b in t nm trong ta nh
c ni lin kt thng qua cc dy dn bo v.
i vi nh , ni m thng thng ch s dng mt lng hn ch cc thit b in t, c th
cho php mng dy dn bo v dng mng sao; xem Hnh 44.R13.
i vi cc cng trnh thng mi v cng nghip v cc cng trnh tng t c cha nhiu ng
dng in t, h thng lin kt ng th chung l hu ch p ng cch yu cu v EMC ca
cc loi thit b khc nhau; xem Hnh 44.R15.
444.5.3 Kt cu khc nhau i vi mng dy ng th v dy ni t
C th s dng bn kt cu c bn m t trong cc iu di y, ty thuc vo tm quan trng
v nhy cm ca thit b.
444.5.3.1 Dy bo v ni vi dy lin kt mc vng
Mng lin kt ng th di dng dy lin kt mc vng, BRC, c th hin trn Hnh 44.R16
trn trn-sn ca kt cu. Nn ch to BRC bng ng, trn hoc bc cch in, v c lp t
theo cch c th tip cn c mi ch, v d bng cch s dng khay cp, ng kim loi
(xem b tiu chun IEC 61386), phng php lp t trn b mt ca h thng lp t hoc
ng trc cp. Tt c cc dy dn ni t bo v v dy dn ni t chc nng c th c ni
vi BRC.
444.5.3.2 Dy bo v trong mng sao
Kiu mng ny c th p dng cho cc h thng lp t nh cho nh , cc ta nh thng mi
nh, v.v... v t im quan st chung n thit b, c ngha l khng c ni lin kt bng cc
cp tn hiu; xem Hnh 44.R13.

Hnh 44.R16 - V d v dy dn bo v trong mng sao

444.5.3.3 Mng sao lin kt dng nhiu mt li
Kiu mng ny c th p dng cho cc h thng lp t nh chia thnh cc nhm nh khc nhau
ca cc thit b thng tin ni lin kt. Mng ny cho php phn tn cc b dng in do nhiu
in t sinh ra; xem Hnh 44.R14.

Hnh 44.R14 - V d v mng sao lin kt dng nhiu mt li

444.5.3.4 Mng sao lin kt dng mt li chung
Kiu mng ny c th p dng cho h thng lp t in c mt thit b lin lc ln ng vi
cc ng dng quan trng; xem Hnh 44.R15.
Mng lin kt ng th dng mt li c tng cng bi cc kt cu kim loi c sn ca ta
nh. Mng ny cn c b sung bi cc dy dn to thnh mt li vung.
Kch c ca mt li ph thuc vo mc bo v chng st c chn, vo mc min nhim ca
tng thit b trong h thng lp t v vo tn s s dng truyn d liu.
Kch c mt li phi c iu chnh n kch thc ca h thng lp t cn bo v, nhng
khng vt qu 2 m x 2 m so vi din tch lp t thit b nhy vi nhiu in t.
Mng ny thch hp bo v tng i nhnh t ng ring (PABX) v h thng x l d liu
trung tm.
Trong mt s trng hp, cc phn ca mng ny c th c dng mt li st hn p ng
cc yu cu c th.

Din tch che ph bi mt li phi c kch thc tng th; kch c mt li l kch thc ca
hnh vung to thnh bi cc dy dn.
Hnh 44.R15 - V d v mng sao lin kt dng mt li chung
444.5.4 Mng lin kt ng th trong ta nh c nhiu tng
i vi ta nh c nhiu tng, trn mi tng nn lp t mt h thng lin kt ng th; xem
Hnh 44.R16 v v d cc mng lin kt s dng chung; mi tng l mt loi mng. H thng lin
kt ca cc tng khc nhau cn c ni lin kt, t nht l hai ln bng cc dy dn.
 Hnh 44.R16 - V d v mng lin kt ng th trong kt cu khng c h thng bo v
chng st
444.5.5 Dy ni t chc nng
Mt s thit b in t i hi in p chun xp x in th t lm vic ng; in p chun
ny c cung cp bi dy dn ni t chc nng.
Dy dn ni t chc nng c th l mt di kim loi, dy tt phng bng kim loi v cp c mt
ct trn.
i vi thit b lm vic tn s cao, u tin s dng di kim loi hoc dy tt phng bng kim
loi v cc mi ni phi cng ngn cng tt.
Khng qui nh mu cho dy dn ni t chc nng. Tuy nhin, khng c s dng mu xanh-
vng c quy nh cho dy ni t. Nn s dng mu ging nhau trong ton b h thng lp
t nh du cc dy ni t chc nng ti mi u.
i vi thit b lm vic tn s thp, mt ct nh th hin trong 544.1.1 ca TCVN 7447-5-54
(IEC 60364-5-54) c xem l tha ng, khng ph thuc vo hnh dng ca dy; xem 444.4.2
b) v k).
444.5.6 Cng trnh thng mi v cng nghip c cha mt lng ng k thit b cng
ngh thng tin
Cc qui nh b sung di y nhm lm gim nh hng ca nhiu in t ln hot ng ca
thit b cng ngh thng tin.
Trong cc mi trng in t khc nghit, chp nhn vic s dng mng sao lin kt dng mt
li chung m t trong 444.5.3.3.
444.5.6.1 Xc nh kch thc v h thng lp t dy dn mng lin kt mc vng
Lin kt ng th c thit k nh mt mng lin kt mc vng phi c cc kch thc ti thiu
nh sau:
- mt ct ng dt: 30 mm x 2 mm;
- ng knh ng trn: 8 mm.
Dy dn trn phi c bo v chng n mn ti cc gi ca chng v trn cc li lun dy
trong tng.
444.5.6.2 Cc b phn cn c ni vo mng lin kt ng th
Cc b phn di y cng cn c ni vo mng lin kt ng th:
- mn chn dn in, v bc dn in hoc o gip ca cp truyn d liu hoc ca thit b cng
ngh thng tin;
- dy ni t ca h thng anten;
- dy ni t ca cc ni t ca ngun mt chiu dng cho thit b cng ngh thng tin;
- dy ni t chc nng.
444.5.7 B tr ni t v lin kt ng th ca h thng lp t cng ngh thng tin dng
cho mc ch chc nng
444.5.7.1 Thanh ci ni t
Trong trng hp yu cu thanh ci ni t cho mc ch chc nng, u ni t chnh (MET)
ca ta nh c th c m rng bng cch s dng thanh ci ni t. iu ny cho php cc
h thng lp t cng ngh thng tin c ni vi u ni t chnh bng tuyn ngn nht t
im bt k ca ta nh. Trong trng hp thanh ci ni t c lp t mng lin kt
ng th ca mt lng ng k thit b cng ngh thng tin trong ta nh th chng c th c
lp t nh mt mng lin kt mc vng; xem Hnh 44.R16.
CH THCH 1: Thanh ci ni t c th trn hoc bc cch in.
CH THCH 2: Thanh ci ni t tt nht l c lp t sao cho n c th tip cn c trong
ton b chiu di, v d trn b mt ca hp. ngn nga n mn, c th cn bo v dy dn
trn ti cc im v ni chng i xuyn qua cc bc tng.
444.5.7.2 Din tch mt ct ca thanh ci ni t
hiu qu ca thanh ci ni t ph thuc vo tuyn dn v tr khng ca dy dn s dng.
i vi h thng lp t c ni vi ngun cung cp c cng sut 200 A trn mi pha hoc ln
2
hn, mt ct ca thanh ci ni t khng c nh hn 50 mm ng v phi c kch thc ph
hp vi 444.4.2 k).
CH THCH: Quy nh ny c hiu lc i vi cc tn s n 10 MHz.
Trong trng hp s dng thanh ci ni t nh mt phn ca tuyn dng in mt chiu tr v
th din tch mt ct ca n phi c xc nh theo dng in mt chiu tr v d kin . in
p ri mt chiu ln nht dc theo tng thanh ci ni t, c s dng ring lm dy tr v
phn phi mt chiu, phi c thit k nh hn 1 V.
444.6 Chia tch mch in
444.6.1 Quy nh chung
Cp cng ngh thng tin v cp in lc, m cng chung nhau mt h thng lp t cp hoc
cng tuyn, phi c lp t theo cc yu cu ca cc iu sau.
Yu cu kim tra an ton v in, theo IEC 60364-6-61 v/hoc 528.1 ca TCVN 7447-5-52 (IEC
60364-5-52) v cch ly v in; xem iu 413 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41) v/hoc
444.7.2. An ton v in v tng thch in t i hi cc khe h khng kh khc nhau trong
mt s trng hp. An ton in lun c u tin cao hn.
Cc phn dn h ca h thng i dy, v d v bc, ph kin v tm chn phi c bo v
bng cc yu cu bo v s c; xem iu 413 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41).
444.6.2 Hng dn thit k
Khong cch ly ti thiu gia cp in lc v cp cng ngh thng tin trnh nhiu c lin
quan n nhiu yu t v d nh
a) mc min nhim ca thit b ni vi h thng cp cng ngh thng tin vi cc nhiu in t
khc nhau (qu , xung st, bu, sng vng trn, sng lin tc, v.v)
b) u ni thit b vi h thng t,
c) mi trng in t cc b (s c mt ng thi cc nhiu, v d . bu v sng lin tc),
d) ph tn s in t,
e) khong cch m cp c lp t trong cc tuyn song song (vng ghp ni),
f) loi cp,
g) suy gim do ghp ni ca cc cp,
h) cht lng ghp ni gia cc b u ni v cp,
i) kiu v kt cu ca h thng lp t cp.
Trong tiu chun ny, coi mi trng in t c mc nhiu thp hn mc th nghim ca nhiu
dn v nhiu bc x nu trong IEC 61000-6-1, IEC 61000-6-2, IEC 61000-6-3 v IEC 61000-6-4.
Trong trng hp cp in lc v cp cng ngh thng tin song song vi nhau th p dng nh
sau; xem Hnh 44.R17A v Hnh 44.R17B.
Nu chiu di cp song song bng hoc nh hn 35 m th khng yu cu c cch ly.
Hnh 44.R17A - Cch ly gia cp in lc v cp cng ngh thng tin i vi tuyn cp di
35 m
Nu chiu di cp song song ca cp khng bc kim ln hn 35 m, khong cch ly p dng cho
ton b chiu di ngoi tr 15 m cui cng gn vi u ra.
CH THCH: Cch ly c th t c, v d bng khong cch ly trong khng kh di 30 mm
hoc b chia kim loi c lp gia cc cp; xem thm Hnh 44.R18.
Nu chiu di cp song song ca cp c bc kim ln hn 35 m, khng p dng cc khong cch
ly.

Cp in lc
Cp cng ngh thng tin
Cch ly (Xem Hnh 44R18)

Hnh 44.R17B - Cch ly gia cp in lc v cp cng nghip thng tin i vi tuyn cp

di > 35 m
444.6.3 Hng dn lp t
Khong cch nh nht gia cc cp cng ngh thng tin v cc bng n hunh quang, bng
n neon v bng n hi thy ngn (hoc bng n phng in cng cao) phi l 130 mm.
Cm i dy in v cm i dy d liu nn t trong cc t ring r. Cc gi i dy d liu v
thit b in cn lun c cch ly.
0
Nu c th, cc cp nn c b tr ct cho nhau mt gc 90 . Cc cp dng cho mc ch
khc nhau (v d cp in li v cp cng ngh thng tin) khng nn nm trong cng mt b
cp. Cc b cp khc nhau cn c cch ly vi nhau v mt in t; xem Hnh 44.R18.
 Hnh 44.R18 - Cch ly ca cp trong h thng i dy
444.7 H thng lp t cp
444.7.1 Quy nh chung
H thng lp t cp c sn dng kim loi hoc phi kim loi. Cc h thng lp t cp kim loi
a ra nhiu cp bo v tng cng chng EMI vi iu kin chng c lp t theo
444.7.3.
444.7.2 Hng dn thit k
La chn vt liu v hnh dng ca h thng lp t cp ph thuc vo cc lu sau:
a) cng trng in t dc theo tuyn dn (gn vi ngun gy nhiu in t dn hoc bc
x);
b) mc pht x dn v bc x c php;
c) loi cp (bc kim, xon, si quang);
d) min nhim ca thit b ni vi h thng cp cng ngh thng tin;
e) nh hng ca cc mi trng khc (ha cht, c, kh hu, chy, v.v);
Vic m rng h thng cp cng ngh thng tin trong tng lai.
H thng i dy phi kim loi thch hp trong cc trng hp sau:
- mi trng in t c cc mc nhiu thp;
- h thng cp c mc pht x thp;
- cp si quang.
i vi thnh phn kim loi ca h thng cp, khng phi din tch mt ct ca cp m hnh
dng cp (phng, ch U, ng v.v) s xc nh tr khng c tnh ca h thng lp t cp. Cc
hnh dng khp kn l tt nht v chng lm gim ghp ni phng thc chung.
Khng gian hu dng trong mng cp nn lp t mt lng cp b sung theo tha thun.
Chiu cao ca b cp phi nh hn cc vch bn ca mng cp, nh th hin trn Hnh 44.R19.
Vic s dng cc np chng ln nhau lm tng tnh nng tng thch in t ca mng cp.
i vi mng cp hnh ch U, ti hai gc trng t s gim. Do , nn s dng mng cp c
cc vch bn su; xem Hnh 44.R19.
CH THCH: su ca mng cp cn ti thiu bng hai ln ng knh ln nht ca cp ang
xt.
 Hnh 44.R19 - B tr cp trong mng kim loi
444.7.3 Hng dn lp t
444.7.3.1 H thng lp t cp kim loi hoc hp kim c thit k ring cho mc ch
tng thch in t
H thng lp t cp kim loi hoc hp kim c thit k c bit cho cc mc ch tng thch
in t phi lun c ni vi h thng lin kt ng th cc b c hai u. i vi khong
cch di, tc l ln hn 50 m, nn s dng cc mi ni b sung ca h thng lin kt ng th.
Tt c cc mi ni phi cng ngn cng tt. Trong trng hp cc h thng lp t cp c
cu thnh t mt s phn t th cn cn thn m bo s lin tc bng lin kt hiu qu gia
cc phn t lin k. Cc phn t nn c hn li vi nhau trn ton b chu vi ca chng. Cho
php cc mi ni bng inh tn, bu lng hoc vt vi iu kin l m bo cc b mt tip xc
phi l cc vt dn tt, tc l chng khng c v c sn hoc cch in, cc mi ni ny phi
c bo v an ton khi n mn v, m bo tip xc in tt gia cc phn t lin k.
Hnh dng ca phn kim loi cn c duy tr trong sut chiu di ca h thng. Tt c cc mi
ni lin kt phi c tr khng thp. Mi ni ngn bng dy n gia hai b phn ca h thng
lp t cp s to ra tr khng cc b cao v, do lm gim tnh nng tng thch in t ca
h thng; xem Hnh 44.R20.

Hnh 44.R20 - S lin tc ca cc thnh phn h thng kim loi

T tn s trn vi MHz tr ln, ch ghp ni di 10cm gia hai b phn ca h thng lp t cp
s lm gim hiu ng bc kim qu 10 ln.
Trong trng hp thc hin iu chnh hoc m rng, iu ct yu l cng vic phi c gim
st cht ch m bo s ph hp vi cc khuyn co v tng thch in t, v d khng
thay ng kim loi bng ng nha tng hp.
Cc phn t kt cu kim loi ca ton nh c th phc v mc tiu tng thch in t rt tt.
Cc thanh x bng thp c dng ch L, H, U hoc T thng to thnh kt cu ni t lin tc,
m c cha cc b mt hoc din tch mt ct ln vi nhiu mi ni trung gian vi t. Cp nn
t ta vo cc thanh x ny. u tin cc gc bn trong hn l cc b mt bn ngoi; xem Hnh
44.R21.
 Hnh 44.R21- V tr cp bn trong phn t kt cu bng kim loi
Cc np ca mng cp bng kim loi phi p ng cc yu cu tng t nh vi mng cp. u
tin np c nhiu tip xc trn ton b chiu di. Nu iu ny khng th thc hin th cc np
cn c ni vi mng cp t nht hai u bng cc mi ni ngn hn 10 cm, v d cc di
bn hoc di an mt li.
Khi h thng lp t cp bng kim loi hoc hp kim, c thit k ring cho mc ch tng
thch in t, c tch ra i qua bc tng, v d tm chn chng chy th hai phn kim loi
phi c lin kt vi nhau bng cc mi ni tr khng thp v d nh cc di bn hoc di an
mt li.

Hnh 44.R22 - Mi ni gia cc phn kim loi

444.7.3.2 H thng lp t cp phi kim loi
Trong trng hp thit b c ni vi h thng cp bng cc cp khng bc kim khng b nh
hng bi nhiu tn s thp, tnh nng ca h thng lp t cp phi kim loi c ci thin bng
cch lp dy n trong n, nh mt dy nhnh lin kt ng th. Dy ny phi c ni hiu
qu n h thng ni t ca thit b c hai u (v d trn tm kim loi ca t thit b).
Dy dn nhnh lin kt ng th phi c thit k chu c dng in s c lch hng v
dng in s c phng thc chung ln.
445 Bo v chng thp p
445.1 Yu cu chung
445.1.1 Trong trng hp st p, hoc mt in p ri phc hi sau c th bao hm cc tnh
hung nguy him cho ngi v ti sn th phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga thch hp.
Ngoi ra, phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga khi mt phn ca h thng lp t hoc thit
b s dng dng in c th hng do st p.
Khng i hi c thit b bo v chng thp p nu h hi h thng lp t hoc thit b s dng
dng in c coi l mt ri ro chp nhn c, vi iu kin l khng gy ra nguy him cho
con ngi.
445.1.2 Vic tc ng ca thit b bo v chng thp p c th tr nu nh vic vn hnh thit b
c bo v khng gy nguy him khi xy ra gin on in p hoc mt in p trong thi gian
ngn.
445.1.3 Nu s dng cngtct, vic tr trong qu trnh ngt v ng tr li khng c cn tr
n vic ngt tc thi bi cc thit b iu khin hoc thit b bo v.
445.1.4 c tnh ca thit b bo v chng thp p phi tng thch vi cc yu cu ca tiu
chun IEC v khi ng v s dng thit b.
445.1.5 Khi vic ng tr li thit b bo v c nhiu kh nng to ra tnh hung nguy him, th
khng c t ng ng tr li.

PH LC A
(tham kho)
GII THCH CHO 442.1, 442.2
A.442.1 Qui nh chung
Cc qui tc trong hai iu ny nhm to an ton cho con ngi v thit b trong h thng h p
khi c s c chm t trong h thng cao p.
S c gia cc h thng cc in p khc nhau l cc s c c th xy ra trn pha cao p
ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng in h p thng qua h thng phn phi lm vic in
p cao hn. Cc s c ny lm cho dng in chy trong in cc t m cc phn dn trn
ca trm bin p ni vo.
Cng dng in s c ph thuc vo tr khng ca mch vng s c, tc l ph thuc vo
cch ni t ca trung tnh cao p.
Dng in s c chy trong in cc t ca b phn dn trn ca trm bin p lm tng in
th so vi t ca cc b phn dn trn ca trm bin p v ln ca in th b chi phi
bi:
- cng ca dng in s c, v
- in tr ca in cc t ca cc b phn dn trn thuc trm bin p.
in p s c c th cao n vi nghn vn v, ty thuc vo cc h thng ni t ca h thng
lp t, c th gy ra;
- tng in th ca ton h thng in h p so vi t, v iu ny c th gy ra nh thng
trong thit b h p;
- tng in th ca tt c cc b phn dn trn ca h thng in h p so vi t, iu ny
c th gy ra in p s c v in p chm.
Thng cn nhiu thi gian gii tr s c trong h thng in cao p hn l trong h thng
in h p; bi v r le c thi gian tr phn bit vi tc ng khng mong mun khi c cc
qu . Thi gian tc ng ca thit b ng ct cao p cng di hn so vi thit b ng ct h
p. iu ny c ngha l khong thi gian xy ra in p s c v in p chm tng ng trn
cc b phn dn trn ca h thng in h p c th di hn so vi thi gian yu cu ca cc
qui tc ca h thng in h p.
Cng c th c nguy c nh thng trong h thng in h p ca trm bin p hoc h thng
lp t in ca h tiu th. Tc ng ca cc thit b bo v trong cc iu kin bt thng ca
in p phc hi qu c th lm ny sinh nhng kh khn trong vic ngt mch in hoc
thm ch gy hng khi ngt mch.
Cn xt n cc iu kin s c di y trong h thng in cao p:
H thng in cao p ni t kt qu
Cc h thng ny gm h thng trong trung tnh c ni t trc tip hoc qua mt tr
khng thp v trong cc s c vi t c gii tr trong khong thi gian ngn hp l do
thit b bo v to ra.
Khng xt n vic ni trung tnh vi t trong trm bin p lin quan.
Nhn chung, b qua dng in in dung
H thng in cao p cch ly
Ch xt n cc iu kin s c n do s c ln u gia b phn mang in cao p v cc b
phn dn trn ca trm bin p. Dng in (in dung) ny c th hoc khng th b ct, ty
thuc vo cng dng in v h thng bo v.
H thng in cao p c cc cun dy dp h quang
Khng xt n cc cun dy dp h quang trong trm bin p lin quan.
Trong trng hp xy ra s c chm t trong h thng in cao p gia dy dn cao p v cc
b phn dn trn ca trm bin p, th ch xut hin dng in s c nh (hu ht dng d ch
c vi chc ampe). Dng in ny c php tn ti trong thi gian di hn.
A.444.2 Qu in p trong h thng in h p trong khi c s c chm t cao p
Hnh 44.A2 c ly t ng cong c2 ca Hnh 20 trong IEC 60479-1 v cng c ly lm
quyt nh c chng minh trong thc t trong IEC 61936-1.
Khi xem xt cc gi tr ca in p s c, cn tnh n:
a) ri ro thp ca s c chm t trong h thng in cao p;
b) thc t l in p chm lun nh hn in p s c do lin kt ng th chnh yu cu trong
413.1.1.2 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41) v s c mt ca cc in cc t b sung ti
h thng lp t in ca h tiu th hoc mt ni no khc.
Cc gi tr do ITU-T a ra l 650 V trong vng 0,2 s v 430 V i vi ngt t ng trong thi
gian di hn 0,2 s l vt qu mt cht so vi cc gi tr trn Hnh 44.A2

PH LC B
(tham kho)
HNG DN V KHNG CH QU IN P BNG THIT B BO V CHNG T BIN
S DNG CHO NG DY TRN KHNG
Trong cc iu kin ca 443.3.2.1 v theo ch thch 1, c th khng ch mc qu in p bo
v bng cch lp cc thit b bo v chng t bin trc tip trong h thng lp t, hoc ti
ng dy trn khng ca mng phn phi ngun nhng phi c php ca ngi vn hnh
mng.
V d, c th p dng cc bin php sau:
a) i vi trng hp mng phn phi ngun trn khng, bo v qu in p c lp t ti
cc im giao nhau ca mng v c bit ti im cui ca mi ng dy ra di hn 500 m.
Cc thit b bo v chng qu in p cn c lp t ti cc im cch nhau 500 m dc theo
ng dy phn phi in. Khong cch gia cc thit b bo v chng qu in p cn nh hn
1 000 m;
b) nu mng phn phi in c lp t mt phn l mng trn khng v mt phn l mng
ngm, th bo v chng qu in p trong cc ng dy trn khng cn c p dng theo
im a) ti mi im chuyn tip t ng dy trn khng sang ng dy ngm;
c) trong mng phn phi TN cp in cho cc h thng lp t in, khi vic bo v chng tip
xc gin tip c thc hin bng cch t ng ngt ngun, cc dy dn ni t ca thit b bo
v chng qu in p ni vi cc dy pha phi c ni vi dy PEN hoc dy PE;
d) trong mng phn phi IT cp in cho cc h thng lp t in, khi bo v chng tip xc
gin tip c thc hin bng cch t ng ngt ngun, cn c cc thit b bo v chng qu
in p cho cc dy pha v dy trung tnh. Ti ni m dy trung tnh ca mng ngun c ni
t hiu qu th khng cn thit b bo v chng qu in p cho dy trung tnh.
CH THCH: c, Ph lc B l ph lc qui nh.
Bng B.1 - Cc kh nng khc nhau i vi h thng IT
(xt n s c ln u trong h thng lp t in h p)
H B phn dn Tr khng B phn dn U1 U2 Uf
thng trn ca trung tnh, trn ca
thit b h p nu c thit b trong
trong trm h thng lp
bin p t h p
a Uo 3 Uo 3 R x Im
a
b 0 Uo 3 R x Im + Uo 3 0
b a
c 0 0 0 R x Im + U o 3 Uo 3 0
a
d 0 R x Im + U o 3 Uo 3 0
b
e R x Im + Uo 3 R x Im + Uo 3 R x Im

a Trong thc t, Uf bng tch gia dng in s c ln u vi in tr ca in cc t ca cc

b phn dn trn (RA x Id), tch ny phi nh hn hoc bng Uo.
Ngoi ra, trong cc h thng a, b v d, trong mt s trng hp nht nh, dng in in dung
trong s c ln u c th lm tng gi tr ca Uf, nhng iu ny c b qua.
b Trong cc h thng c1 v e1, tr khng c t gia trung tnh v t (trung tnh tr khng).
Trong cc h thng c2 v e2, khng c tr khng no c t gia trung tnh v t (trung tnh
cch ly)

PH LC C
(quy nh)
XC NH CHIU DI QUY C, D
Cu hnh ca ng dy phn phi h p, ni t, mc cch in v cc hin tng (ghp cm
ng v ghp in tr) c xem l dn n s la chn chiu di d khc nhau. Cch xc nh
c xut di y, theo qui c, i din cho trng hp xu nht.
CH THCH: Phng php c n gin ha ny da trn IEC 61662.
d2 d
d = d1 + 3
Kg K1

Theo qui c d c gii hn n 1 km,

Trong
d1 l chiu di ca ng dy h p trn khng n kt cu, gii hn n 1km;
d2 l chiu di ca ng dy ngm h p khng che chn n kt cu, gii hn n 1 km;
d3 l chiu di ca ng dy cao p trn khng n kt cu, gii hn n 1 km;
B qua chiu di ca ng dy ngm cao p.
B qua chiu di ca ng dy ngm h p c bc kim.
Kg = 4 l h s gim thp da trn t s v nh hng ca cc tc ng gia ng dy trn
khng v cp ngm khng che chn, c tnh vi in tr sut ca t l 250 m;
Kt = 4 l h s gim thp in hnh ca bin p.

CH THCH: Khi bin p cao p/h p nm bn trong ta nh th d1 = d2 = 0

Hnh 44.Q - V d v cch p dng d1, d2 v d3 xc nh d

TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

IEC 60050-195:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 195: Earthing and
protection against electric shock (T vng k thut in quc t (IEV) - Phn 195: Ni t v bo
v chng in git)
IEC 60050(826):1982, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 826: Electrical
installations of buildings (T vng k thut in quc t - Chng 826: H thng lp t in ca
cc ta nh)
TCVN 7447-5-51: 2004 (IEC 60364-5-51:2001), H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-
51: La chn v lp t cc thit b in - Qui tc chung
IEC 61000-2 (tt c cc phn), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2: Environment
(Tng thch in t (EMC) - Phn 2: Mi trng)
IEC 61000-5 (tt c cc phn), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 5: Installation and
mitigation guidelines (Tng thch in t (EMC) - Phn 5: Hng dn lp t v gim nh)
IEC 61156 (tt c cc phn), Multicore and symmetrical pair/quad cables for digital
communication (Cp i/cp bn nhiu li v ng b dng cho truyn thng k thut s)
IEC 61162:1995, Assessment of the risk of damage due to lighting (nh gi ri ro hng hc do
st)
IEC 61663-1, Lighting protection - Telecommunication lines - Part 1: Fibre optic installations (Bo
v chng st - ng dy vin thng - Phn 1: H thng lp t si quang)
IEC 62020:1998, Electrical accessories - Residual curent monitors for household and similar uses
(RCMs) (Ph kin in - B theo di dng d dng trong gia nh v cc mc ch tng t)
ETS 300 253:1995, Equipment engineering (EE) - Earthing and bonding of telecommunication
equipment in telecommunication centres (K thut thit b - Ni t v lin kt thit b vin thng
trong cc trung tm vin thng)
EN 50310, Application of equipotential bonding and earthing in buildings with information
technology equipment (ng dng lin kt ng th v ni t trong ta nh c thit b cng ngh
thng tin)
EN 50288 (tt c cc phn), Multi-element matallic cables used in analogue and digital
communication and control (Cp kim loi nhiu thnh phn c s dng trong truyn thng v
iu khin k thut analog v k thut s).

MC LC
Li ni u
Li gii thiu
440.1 Phm vi p dng
440.2 Ti liu vin dn
441 ( trng)
442 Bo v h thng lp t in h p khi qu in p tm thi do s c ni t trong h thng
in cao p v do s c trong h thng in h p
443 Bo v chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn hoc do ng ct
444 Bin php chng nh hng in t
445 Bo v chng thp p
Ph lc A (tham kho) - Gii thch cho 442.1, 442.2
Ph lc B (tham kho) - Hng dn v khng ch qu in p bng thit b bo v chng t
bin s dng cho ng dy trn khng
Ph lc C (quy nh) - Xc nh chiu di quy c, d
Th mc ti liu tham kho