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    Παναγιώτης Λιόνας
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    Διανυσματική Ανάλυση

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    Διανυσματική Ανάλυση

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    33 views28 pages

    Vector Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Παναγιώτης Λιόνας
    Διανυσματική Ανάλυση

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    KE®AAAIO 1 Avavvopatiny Avédvon HT yefen tm Btavuouaruets avdhuons tnogel va arhoroufoet onuctixt to cuuBokioud ory uehérn cov Wexcptouod at cov UoyvAoUOS. ANA népa ad ave try ahoroljan, 7 Bicuoucra avdhuon gépvet ovo (uns xa 70 quoud vor tov eEwsdocwv. To xegdhaio aud éyet oxond var kapovatiicet ila oSvroymy aad xan rion avéeuEn tov Boowdy orouyeloy tye Biavuouae was avdivoms xe va neoorplet ta nparetoa} yvbon tou Deuaros, nov eva amagalenty Ya TH UEérn tov ThexrptoLOd xa tov UaYvmToUOS. Ma T0Vs covayvdores nou elvan 4By, Eovetouévor ue wy Burvuoucrnnd) avihuon, to xe- gédouo cruré a arocehéoet ye yorouun enarvadfy rare rat to erocryoryt oro ovfohiayd nov axohoudelrat oxo PiBRlo. 1.1 OPISMOL Eon uchéry 76 Baowals Svoveig cwavrotue ueyéin Biapdpev eiBeov. Euy- xexpuudva, brooclvoune 4 Bailuord ueyéin xo ca Burvoouernd ueyey, Pia nic Bucks ua arviyxec, opxel var oploouue x0 Saduard ueyetlos os eB: BaQuors ovowitera to ueye0os nou yaparcrnpleran whiipe and 10 uérpo TOV. TlapaBelyuarca Parduordy ueyeddy elvea: 1 usa, 0 ypdvoc, 0 byx0¢ xx. Mia. arbi exduraon ty Ewotas vou Baduarod ueyéBous elvan x0 PaDpuars blo — 1a ouvégrnan me Bors now elvat rhifpac xaBopisyeyn a6 10 LEtpO amg o¢ Ghat ta omelet tov xdgov. To Beivuoua trope va optorel es Bt: Andrvope ovoudterat to ueyedos nov yapecerrpleran whip ond uetg0 tov vex thy serebBovor, rou. 2 KBAAAIO 1. AIANTEMATIKH ANAATEH Ng rapaBelyyara Binwoudroy aveupépouse un dor evds ontielou ws xpos la xaopioueyn apy, TIy Ton(tena, oy entréguvon, Srarvopueeind nebo, rou arorehel a yevixeuan =7¢ Ewvouts vou Brana, oper ta ouvdpran ims Bors nov xaoplera Aifpas and vo UexpO THs rant cry soretuver Tyg a xSde ontelo tou ySpou. Autol ot optoyot unopoty va exhertuvdody xan va enextadoty. Mpdyyar i, ovo Magdprra BY ue th yohon wettoynuariouey, cnrcoxadlowaveat cd repisabrepo replzhoxous op.ouots. ExirAéov, tnopotue va oploouyte nto no Domdova ueyEOn, dng ia napdBeryua. tous TawuaTés. Novéao, va Badluwrd rent To Bucoruoyorxd: eyed, elvan, sexed ueydho nocoar6, va wove rou Oa. adeno 22, Bovoyiy xk. ‘To yoetaarolse ws x0 1.2 AIANYSMATIKH AATEBPA Byécov n dhe wv Baduordsy elvat ywoort otoy avery worn, at yonawo- roundel ia thy andorevEn te Blowwuouoruets SyeBpas. Va v foptooyse oF auth ony one En, eva xpfiuo va oplaoue ula avamagderrann, tov Bia woudeiy as, TY aur6 10 oxond etattyoute 10 xaptecavé rptoBiéotaro obornua ouvrerayuévay. Ga to oupohiZoure ue Ts Tpets NEB TEs 2, ys 2, fy Orov Biewnohtves nepraobrepo, ue wig 1,22, 23. 05 xpos avr vo oboTr uo cuvteranruevan, Eva Buwoua xadopiZeran and tg 2, y- xan -oumorsaes 20. Erouévng, éva Bnuoua! V xadoptierar ané mig oumoréizes tov Vey Vin £00 Ve = |V] cosa1, Vj = |V] cosa, V- = [V]eosas, xa. ot yovies a et- vat aurés nou oyrucrite ro Buiwvoua Ve tov veiororyo dEova ouvtetaryue- vov. To Boduwtd [V| = \/V2 + V2 + V2 etvan to pétpo tov Baviouaros V 470 prjxog tov. Seny nepleswor, awouariny reBley, xéb_ ouneréo: ia cuvigtron wav 2, y xa 2. Exo orpielo ound da xpénet va towavel 6x1 elotryery tou xapteauv0d ovotiuartos ovvreray eve Eywe yu arhonolnar, xa xaintnepy atavénon, hot ot optouol xat ot eguguoy és elvan aveBdpe te ané sry exdoyy tov avaviaros uveeTayueKaV. To ddpoioua B40 Burwoudcwy ofiferme ws to Brdwwous tov oroioy ot oumaréoes civat v0 d@poiqua twv anelororyinv aumarwatiy Tv a yoKy Bae woud. Erouévac, av C chan to ddgaoua tov Ave B, ypdgouue C=A1B (ua) xa Cy = Ag+ Bey Cy = Ay + By A. + Be (1.2) Aurés 0 opioids tov apolouaras Braruaudeuay elvan waoBivaos Ue TOY vo ox xavbva. tov napadkrpoypsuiuoy ya thy xpdcdeon Biawuoudroy. H apalpcon Bixwoudoy operat ue om Bordeta tou antiderou Busou 106, tov orolov ot cumotdaes elvat ot avriBeres tov avelototyou apyixon Rao Ties Oa ovuoh Coven ye évxove yeu 1.2. AIANTEMATIKH AATEBPA 3 Braviouaros. ‘Brot, ay 10 A civ éva Bidwous, 10 A opiterm ard us oytoec: (-A)e=—Ar, (Aly = Ay, (A) = — As (1.3) H pdr, mms apalgeons opitera vote udow uns Spowys tov anvelderou Bx voouatus nan ypsiyerat: A-B=A+(-B) (4) joov 1 npdadeon npxyuorondy apiudy elvat nposerarplatdh aL Ue raietwet, éreran 6ct n Rodadeom, (xan 1 cepaipeor) Biavuoudrey elvat an at rpocetauptotixt xot Leradetuef, Se Stavuouervet, wopyA, utd eupawterat oc: A+(BY+O)=(A+B)+C (15) =(A+C0)+B=A+B+C Me dha Réyta, ot nagevildoeis Bev elven averyxates, dnws patveron xan amd ay tehevials oon, Tpoyapiveas idea oery rpdy tov nokharkactaquos, raperygotue du 10 amhotiotepo vivduevo elvan uns oper: Ballard ext Bubwoua. Auri y BiaByxacla Biver Eve Bvivuoua, tou oxolou ot cumoréaes elvan vo ywéuEvo 100 Baduor0d ext ray avetoroyyn ounorioa tov apyv04 Biavieuares. AV x0 c elva Baduard ueyebog xa to A Biduoua, to B = cA opltera wc: By=cAe By=CAy, Bs =cds (1.6) ivan gervep6 dx ay 10 A elvan éva. Grav uoparind nebio wat x0 ¢ evn bv lB peotd re5i0, to B elvat éva véo Bravuoyorixd reBlo, dy unoypewtixd cradegs rokharkdowo tov A. Bury repieroon notharhactacyod 860 Bunvoutray Bueplvoyse Bio re pirrboes, Taotés os Bunvouarixé xa Somduerd yoduevo. To Baduard ywduevo -6rou to évoud tov uRoBeuevier xan to elBog Tov ‘yivauEvou- over udera enlons xa coorepird yrrdevo. O opvads tou Baduerod youévou, 20 orolo ypdiwperat ws A- B, elvan: A-B= A,B, + AyBy + AsBs (1.7) Aurés 0 oplouids elvan woBinvayos Ue vov lous mio ywaoTé optus, BrAaB ye 10 Baluaré yorduevo toot ue to Yusuevo wy UerpoY Tov Bio apxextv Biawoyitay ent v0 cuvrtrovo ons yawlas nov oxnyartZoy 1a Blavéourr. Aya A ven B elvan acer wero tous, ore: A-B=0 To Boduard yoruevo etva userid. To ynfpos tou Buxviouertos A. ypde erat ws: |A|=VA-A 4 KEBAAAIO 1, AIANTSMATIKH ANAAYSH. To Bawwouarixd yivéuevo Bio Biavwoudrey elvat Buvuau, dmesg Bryer xat 1, ovousla tov. Byakhaxcuxd, yenoqionotoue xat tov dp0 , 0 pudude ueraBoktig ang 22 + y? elvan umBév. Aur n rarretduven elvan eperrouevvet aroy xxho 2+ y? = 23 +y8. Blven gaveps 6x o” aveh any wequndn, nly) = 22 +4) dev ueraBddheran. Hi xaretduvon urBeviouod tou dip/ds Biver try xarelttuy on ng Haunting p = owBepd nou Biepyerm anb 10 avyxexpiitvo oncto. Autés ot xounthes, nov ‘ta ty ovvdornan yl.) = a? + yF elvan xtot, even anpiBeis avddayes ue ric woobijels xaunthes tev tonoypapixdy yapréy. Exo Dy. (1.2) napovorstera n ovvdernan lary) =a? + y? oeduaouevn we my Lope wotihev. 1 Bea tov taotkhdy unopel va yevoreuilel o€ ouvagnioetc Bayrdv, ondre ot exipdoveres (x,y, 2) = oeabeps ovoustoven wodurapanés enigdverss, To avidoyo tov Dy.(1.2) ots tpes dxattoets elvan 0 udvos rptperixds tpdn0¢ reptypaiptc evds Batlueros neBlov ovov tptaBidoraro yh po. H Badulba utos Baduoric ouvdomnans Unopel var optarel teen os eB: Babpiba yas Gruen ouvsetnons ¢ elvan oxoloy to ergo elvan x ueywory xoreuduvdyeNn napéeyoyos 70 1a Bidovuoya vou 8 KBAAAIO 1. AIANTEMATIKH ANAATEH Byte 1.2: H owrdpenon ole.u) He en Hopgr} wodisy ve Bbo Smovéoes ovpeenpiuéyo omuelo, 1 Be xaretiduvey, elvan autr m orola ueyte cvoroiel vy xacewduvdueyn naptreryo oxo onuelo curd. bien gavepd dren fu Eyer euvor xddery cus tooBuvanuels exe gdvetes THe ¢ ovo onilo nov deupoiue. ‘Ta cuvmdécrepa aikiBoka rou yoroutonowoive ebon ta? V xa grad. Me ty yorfon rms BadulBac, 1 xa rewuvéuiemn mapdyeryos Ypdipera wc grad gleos0 (1.20) rou 0 elvan 1 yo ueTals uy xaretovons Tou ds xan tye xaretdUvenE ng Saduulbus, To arovtieoun ard gatveran roht etek até xy yeouerpla x00 By. (1). Av ds eben n Brawwoustoa ueracérion ue uéteo ds, 7 EE (1.20) unoget va ypayet cat ds ds Aurf 1 lowon tac emrpénet va Bootue tyy avahueoeh, wopeph xns Batu Bag oe onotbirore obormua cuvterayyeVoy ya vo Orolo YwapRouse +7 opp rou ds. Exo atornua opdordway ouvreraruevoy, TwopGoue Sz ds ide + jdy + kdz. Extone ywopltouse ou: grad (1.21) ds a, 8, p= Pair Bays an Oy {8a yeroruorowaie 10 Bedxepo obytioho 1.3. BA@MIAA 9 oot de Bye |.3: Tyojpara 860 woburayandy cxapavrersy eng ovrdpenons 2, 0,2) To |grad | ovo onpteo P civafo0 pe v0 épwo rou Ap/ PO, rabis 10 PO ~ 0, at to dgjds eit to aveéreoyyo dpwo tov Ay|PS. Ané cuty try eflowon xen ty BE,(1.21) éxerot due ap ae ap ay da + 5" dy + 5 dz = (grad y),de + (grad y)ydu + (grad ¢) ay Oe Ektodvoveas ous ouvtehearés tov Bratgopixey tov avekdprrey Uerar Barry nat ota Bio uekn ths eElowors, ralpvouge: (Op, Oe dy srad p15 1 i5E Fk SE (1.22) ous opboyéowes ouvceraytves. Sia dhha over uer, 9 BiaBoxaota rapauever 4 (ea. Enis opaipucés cuvtemnutves, ue tar, 8, 9 dmis oplLovea oto By. (L.A), éxouue: a drt TE dds dos (1.23) Sygua Lo: Opwopds vor ogaprresy ovreceaypérar r, 0 xan o 10 KBAAAIO 1. AIANTEMATIKH ANAATEH et ds = a,dr + agrdd + agrsin Odo (1.24) Grov a,, ay xat ay chen povablala Brnviouera ong xareublivorts r, 0, xt arrlororya. Egupydtovenc try BE.(1.21) xm eblodvovtag vous uv tev avebdpeyey us ores srry, walpvouye tH Lop tov grad: a, 14, 18 grad p= ar + ay ya faa ar |r a0 | rind OG (1.25) on opanpuees ouveeraytves 1.4 AIANYTEMATIKH OAOKAHP2SH Tag’ dho nou undpxouy xen dha Severe Buavuouarals napaydyvon¢, elvan rpotludtepo va uchevfoouue wpa Ty Blawwousruet, choxdfpaon, Pia vous Bxxods ys oxoroic, Pewpodue tpidy eABdv choxdnpduers hordfgaus, x0 emupaveiand ohowdpaat nau 10 ynsixé ohowkfpeute andho- Yaue to Bayoptx clvat Paruerd # Blowvoyorixé xeBlo. Mepmol ax’ avrotic toxs cvvBuacyotc (Sapopixé-curdernan) Bivovy ohoxdrpduara rou Bey nagovariouy evd.apé- pov. Auré nov was evBuapépouy eB elvan x0 Buuard emxayinthto ohoxtay pau bawouarxot neBlou, v0 Barduord exigarerand ohordipous Bavuouc x08 neBlov xm thos wo yoprXd chowdtgoua BarderTod xa Buevoousrixo8 reBlov. Av F elyot Biawuoyaraxé reBio, 10 enveauindito ohoxhipaua tou F ypdiye- at oc 0 ERDeatIRO NO onZexat. Hund ohoxhfpwon auvderron unopel vat [Fea (1.26) Grou C elvan.» xaquntihn xa. ufptos mms onolas yiveran 7 ohowhfpwon, « xan b elven x0 apyixd van teNX6 onuelo army xoqinvAn rat dl elvan n oroLyEUsdns denvvoyere ueracémor Kéwo oTny xaURGAN C. Egéaov 4 rodent Fir) dl elvat €va Barduet6, v0 (Bio water npogaiis xa yo ohowtgaua. O opioybs tov entxarthioy chordypduaros axchouiel niovd cov optoyls tov optayiEvou hordypéyros ror Riemann, To yaa me HauROAnS LETAED Tov onelow a xt b BisucpCerat a eva ueydho apiué uoedy cumudoy Al. Pex xe téroto Tufua, unohoriera 1 tue tye F oe xdnow eowrepixd onieto TOU qyifuaros. DymuartCerat vo fatiuord yoduevo reinde Al, ext yy avelororyy, ‘aut sou F xa adpooven ta axovehéoucra. To envoyintivo ohoxdtipouct oplteran «5 10 6pio auto rou ailgolouar0s, xads 0 apts ToY TuMHETOY came Bicqidpione Telves oxo dreigo xat vo ufos xSie unhuaros oto unBEy. 14, AIANTEMATIKH OAOKAHPOEH u Autés 0 optouds ypdperat: 6 x bios® al tim x FAL Bien onuaven va raparpfaouse 6x nuh tov enveaunUAtou Ohowhneduce 10g EEoptdca cuviioc, 6g udvo and ra Spt a xan, aad xen od ey (a opp ane xauntins C, nad ivos tye onolas vezat n ohowdgcoon? 1 Hah aL 1 ereitiuven Ig F(x) eds xan 1 eretaluvon, t00 dl o¢ xéede omselo ag C ekapravean a6 uy (x yy Cem cry eparroueyy tg, avtotonya, oro ouynenouidvo onucto. To enxaqinthio choxipauar riba oF ys xhetorh sexuntihn elvan agnerd onuavensd dove va yprowonototie eB) cu sBohious, Bnnabi f F-dl (127) "To chorea xa whos yas wetoris Yeas Bev eben ovvfdes unl "Vo abvoho way Btawousnnby reBlav, yx Ta orola vo enbeaUnGRto oho pou nar fps if sderrs nouns elvan urBey, Eye Bralcegn ontaota. TV avrdy axpidg to Rbyo, FOR’ oUyyd auvavrolue enbexuntiva chop ara uard ufos lag slows wanting n orola Bev xpooBopeva. Pix rapibecyus: f Fel (1.28) 0 ovpBodiouds aurés eben yorouios dye ous nepumréaeig OxoU 20 ohowhy pouat elm aveképcrro ané tyy wantin, C, uéoa oe udioy evpsa dpa. Av undpyet n rapqunf auplZohla, ela xpoidrepo va xadopCeran xaynOht H facoe ubdotoc urohoyiouod wow entiainciuay dkoxdnpextre elvan yo- vorapaerpunh reroute xanthan xehon aor og nepereap rt “y ueeargont tov enbeauntiioy chowarpduaroc ot 4Opotous ypibv amhdy Yo- vobiowanay choxdrpuude. Bu nepleodrepec nepurséoets 7 uéBoBos ave ehvon Bape wat yeovoRépa. Kuruyie, xohs onda my Yeraworolotue ya oy Urohoylous Tay choxdypouiov. “Onos Ou gavel apydrepa, elvan ov vies Buvard vax anoBelZouue bx to extrainthto chowhfptoua Bev uprdcan ard 7 BiaBpou eras xo opley. 5 auct yy neplmzoon, uropel vaeneyel ia and Buabpout nov va arhonotel spy choxfpwon, Av F loan éva Biawwoyarixé xeBlo, wo enigavetaeb okovdipaya tov P “yeliperan os: i Fenda (1.29) drov S elven n enupdveia rive ormy orola rpayuaronolote Thy choxdtge- on, da elvan ula croyeudbng entpdveta nétve cry 5, xa m elvan to Lovaiafo xédero omy da Bidwuou, Trdpyst pia anpooBlopiotla otry enthoy Tov n, jonola alge ue to va Geuphoouue vo m va xareubiveran adder Hat 905 za Eo av 1 S elvat xhetorh eugdvers. Avy S elven arvorytth adhe nexe- paouésn enipdvera, vére éyet otvopo, xan 7, popie tov xdderou Buaviousros 2 KBAAAIO 1. AIANTEMATIKH ANAATEH Eyfua 15: Dydon perakd roy wéBewv oe pa eripdreas drarioparos m xa ‘mg gopds Biaypagrig nov ovrdpou reroglterm ot oxéon ue thy auialgera optouéyy Peron} gopéeBiorypaiphs ov- to} tov awrbgou. ‘Ons gaiverar oto By.(1.5), n Seroxh gop tou xéiderou Beavoouaros elvan 4 pops xard thy oxola Ya Kpoxipraet cr BeEGarpOpn, Biba av repuorparpel xard ty Beruxh pops mys cvvopianihs xaurthnc. HokkEs ‘gopés, 10 enugarerand chowhtpoua tov F nda of ute wetorh enupdverse S ouBoneran ws frend Exohta avddoya ue exehar rov avapeod aay yi wo exvesmihto ohowdyipo- ua 0a unopotoay va exvahngioty xa e865. ‘To exipavesaxd choxdfpcua rou covapeoouue elvan Béaua Barduwrd ueyetos. Euvfdos empdveia ohowdipwos $ xa yu’ avr6 ot nepirtdoeic rou elvan ave8Sornro clvat Bialrepa onucntueés. O opiouds tov exugaveiatod chordypauarcos elvan cpa, avddoyos ue auxév 10 Buabveata aptyeran ws doxenon, Ay F elvan eva Biawooparcixd nat éva faluiord xeBlo, vére ta B50 oho- rOypayuara. 6yKou row Yas evBuarpépouv etvat J [ou xm K [ra (1.30) Bivon gavepé 6ut vo J elvan Barduord xat xo K Buwoua. O opiouds avrdry wy ohowhngeudrey avdeverat Yofyopa ot chordfpaucr xordé Riemann ots pets Blacréoctc, ue thy cEalpeon on ovo K undoyer va choxdfpoua yi cxapinOMou Ohoxdmpduarcos. Hl axplStis xe cunoréoa tov F. Auri ua chordypduara elvan apxevé yvootd Gore va un yperZovran repanrépta oyéhta. 1.5 ATIOKAISH ‘Byag dos oroubaloc wehearg, 0 orolos ovotsctuck elvan ita xapsyeovos, clvat ¥ ardxchion, H ardehton evds Blawvoyorixod neBlou Fy rov ypdigeran oc 15. ANIOKAISH 13 div F, oplterat os ete Ardrhion Burwousraxod reBlou elvan to 6pi0 wou xAetoto4 envy yetaxod ohoxhypéaros vo» reBlov and ovdBa SyKov, xarbeds 0 Gros nou repuwheler n xRetory, enupdevers telvet oxo yrBéy. Ary hadi: ; 1 sive fin f Pn H axéxduon elvot oarpids uta Baduort ouvdornon (Bardens reblo) xae opleran oro do wr enupéivetas choxhfpesons. Auréc 0 optoyds Eyes apxers nheove- referee: elvat aveBdprmtos oné thy emthoyt tov avery oros cuvterayue vey 1 opel va yoreiuoromiel ya tov reoaBiopiaud zm ouyxeneuuéons opp ov ralpver o teheorhs 11g anduhions a xSnoo ouyxexpuevo oborma. Exo obormua ogdoySmay owrerayuevay, o ovoyyerdbys Syxos ArAy As reoaipépet ula xardnhrh Bion yea Thy elpeon ty améxdions. AV 7, la xopuph tov opdoydwou ragakareranéBou elven oxo oTtelo 20, wo Fela + A,u.2) Fa(eoyys2) + Ae Yo-+ Ay, 2) = Fale yoy 2) + Ay (1.31) Pa, 20+ Az) = Fela, 20) + Az Grou ot dpor amdrepne wns a Ax, Ay xa Az napadetxovren. E-gécov 4 crorysubdne eruptive AyAs elven xddlem ovoy dover x, 1) Asx elvan xdidern oxov ova y xa 9 Ary elvan xdiern axov ova 2, 0 opiayds Ty cxdedions vive on: : 1 . : div P= fin, {f etoon a)dy dz pArayastE [re vo, 2)dzdz ar, fF Andyae + [Fc a eo)dedy (1.32) Oy ar, Paedyds9 — | FeCeonshivds de [a bo, 2)dede fe (2 sae ay} To apyanxd redoryo nov nupouatitewa cvous tpelc teheuTalous épous opel eta oto yeyowds bn. 1 pops omny emupsivera Bev uaros elvat, ovis nepimrGoets aurés, nord TH god toy apyytixdy MuLazdvev. poe wa Eu xd u KEBAAAIO 1, AIANTSMATIKH ANAAYSH To dpto unopel va unchoyiorel etxoha, xox ¥ anéyuoy of opdoyiowes ouvee- -weyuldves alpves 1H wop divP = % + va +5 Enis opatpixts ouvrerayueves, 4 loBoewsia elvan avddoyn. O Sreos rou repodeleum and us ueroohéc tov ouvrerayutvey xa Ar, AB, AG xoror oroteteat e865 ws 61x05 ohoFpoons. Aurés axpifids 0 ovorxerdins 6x05 elvat r'sinBATAIAS. Exetby 0 6yxos eBapréran acd tmy TWh tov Utah ruby (npdyua to onolo Bey ovyBaive ong xapreo.avés ovveetayueves), elvan powwsérep0 va ypésbouue 10 F -m Aa oe xhign opp B-nAa= Fr? sin 0X06 (1.34) + Forsin@AGAr + Por Arde Axé ry ragantive wogph, etvan gaveod Gu udddov to Fer?sin 6, xat dys x0 Fy, woénet va avartuydel o€ azipi Taylor. Ouolos x otous doug bp0us, Sa npénet va averuyioby ot ouvreheorés tay yoo Udvov tov arorferobiy Ue- eGoky. Hpxyyororoidves aurd va neeréyuota, va YenoWoROLOGuE toy urokoyioud vou emiganeiaxod chordrpdanos rou euganiZerat axov opioud ‘ung andrdons, xat tehink nalevouue: ivF = jim ——!—__f ? (psn yarn, div = lim, >SygupNoNe {fe sin) Ar AOS ao aon b 5g (Forsin ®)ArABAS + saFoaraeao} ewpdveas v0 dpio, x cvahurod) wpe ims andxduons oF opmpuies uvte- sayitves elvan: 1 OF ements aed saaaplsineh)+ Autti n uéloBos edgeons a6 avahutuaig opps tHe andxhuons epagudte- ‘Ta Ya onolobifnote loTHUA cuvTeTayEVey, e@daoy elval yywotéc ot Yop. 98s wv oroxyersBous Syxov xat ths aroIZErdBous enupdoveras f, avdroyar, ot ovoyeubdex ueveronioets Hi quoueh onusola tr¢ anbviuors paiverot auéows ond doe rapiBetyue, 10 orolo BaveZouaare and oy unyawd tov pevorey. 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H andBeiy tov douptaros aur06 elvan avlovoygy Ue auth tov Vewphuaros rng andrdtons. H eripveia $ Bioqiepiterat 0° Eva ueydho aphid 22}ediBoo. H exupdvera tye i seapehiBag elven AS, evd y, xanthan rou try nepodetet etvan 1 Ci. Expo Stes ot Ci rpéret va Buryeuiposy rad my (Bra pops, 1 wdym oweloyoph nov anouever oro SA poloua Tov eneyavercndy ohoxdnpoudcoy opetherat ova turuara tov C,, ta ool avaKouy army xaunthy C. ‘Ohes 0% ides ovveropopes addr Rocrvarpotveat, Eroyévex: fra-Dfra To udvo rov amouéver wpa elvan va Bewproouye to plo xarhids 0 aptids ‘wv xuleNBav aneiplieran ue réroto tpdno Gore n entpdvera xeide xUpeNBuc va relver ovo unBéy. To axoréheoua cutis is BraBixaotas etvan 5. cute naa Is 17. 0 AIANTEMATIKOS AIASOPIKOS, TRAESTHE V 19 ov elvan apts 10 Vedpnua tov Stokes. To edenua avid, dros xat 70 cortororyo iI anéaiong, civan yprauo tooo ovny anwirrvEn, Ts Thexxpouse “yntbdfs Deuplas b00 x atov urohonoud ohodrpaydrey. 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Ta onuavaxé cRowdrpomixd Yeophuara nov coraptpdrpery owas BE,(1.21), (1.47) vex (1.99), Ypéepovta: 2 o ve-al= [de= oh =e -ve (1.3) hic) fi [vxe nda fe a (1.53) , a [> Pac= fe nda (154) I fs Ot rapardoa eEowoets Bivouy to ohowfpoua mys Rapaydyou uae over Ons. OF Wa neployy n BlactdoEOY, ws ChodrpGyara THs Bias tHe onder ong oF uta nepoyfn — 1 Bixotioewy, Kou anoteket to atvopo Tov agyoXors n-bidorarov xpov, xov n = 1,2,3. ExeiBh 0 teheawie avdBehra ura xotet ovous wouous th< Buavuouertbafs deBpac, elvan xacadhyAdtepos otc repintéboeis rou cugeriZovrt Biavoouarixés rptetc, xan enoudveas a exegpse Louue vn BaulBa, my andedioy xen x0 orpoPihtoud Ue autév coy Teheory TreviyiZouue drt o avdterca etvat ypaypuinds tehearis : Vay + by) =a¥y + 6¥u V-(aF +0G) =aV-F+60-G Vx (aF + 0G) =aV xP HIV KG Gxou a xa b elven Bardurrss ovaepss, 1.8 TEPAITEP® ANATITY=H H Badulba, n andhion xat 0 otpopihtouds elvan vedeatés of orolot unopoty va Bedoouy exavahyncd os xardkmhous cuvBuaquotc neBloy. Pra xapdBery ut, pnopotye va epapydoouse ray axdxdian nv omy Hadulbs evbs Bot) wer0 rebiou. pirat, aury 1 cuvduaouéyn egapuoye elvan non’ onuaveod} dare det xn Bxd ue Svouse ovouderan AarAaoart ¥ teheotr}s wv Laplace. Norbao, Bev Eyer vortic 0 oTpOPLOUds tHe aRbudions Eve BlawvouceLxo6 reBiou yiort anx6 onpialves egaguory to orpoBioHOd oF Barduord reBlo, rpdin nou Bev opiteran. Euvohod, rapouestoven révre eB enttpentay owbuaoyey Betreens tans, nae Boo ab aurots elvan rouotixd foot ue tnBEV. lag? 6h aur, xan oF xe vee ouvBuaq UO elvan oT aWEXOL OTH HERE Tov Moerpoucryyntixiy neBloy. 0 reGr0¢ owvbuaauds elvat 0 redertrfg Laplace, 0 oxotos optterat w< 1 andrdon, ons Gaduibas evs Baduarod neBlov xox oyuBoriZeran ouviibos 0 ve vViv=v' "Bio Mapa A’ unopete vafieetve on wort xoU andedea one ipods net pds ovvinaruévec. Mix oxorgeidine eosyayh Bert ané roy HT. Young, American Journal of Physics; zy. 40, 0€%. 109 (1972) 18, TIBPAITRP® ANATITY=I a Ee opdordues ouvterayueves toxbet: a, Oe , Oe | He Vpn Tet et oe (1.55) Aurés 0 teheonig elven Kod omuavnixés ovny yhexrpootanue xa da tO yerowonoufooute enavetdnuéva ovo Kept 3 0 orpofihiouds <1 ParulBas onowoudiirore Gerdueoro neBlou elvan umber. Hi xeéraom, cn acoBeinwiew eixoka Yecipovedc try oF opdoyvtes ovvtE- sayuves. Avy elven to Barduord neblo, tore: ijk a Vx(V=| a2 By a |= © (156) Ins Bebe) * de de dp Be By Oe ov aroBenevier axpifios THY axod) neéraen, SuuBonod, uropotue va ype Youe: vx V=0 H anbxdion tov arpofihioyod onowaabynove Burvuouarels ouvdornons eivan enlone unde. Kas aver n pdraon anoBevevoerar autots ov yenmiuonottoou- ue opdoyowes ovvreran ves V(x E)= z ee on OF. Fy (Oy Be. (1.57) 01 dior 840 Buvaroi wehearés Bevrepns TENS oxmuariLovee av dewphaowue 30 orpofihioud rou oxpoidiouos f ty BaulBa ins andor evds Burwouse sw%ot nebiov. H andbetin rms napendines ayéans (ae opdoyowes cuvteraryué- vee) arpfveran cog onenon: Vx (OXF) 0(V FP) OF (158) éxov 7 Aarhactavi Buevousexo neBiou elven to Biawuoyarxd reBlo tou onoloy xadeula and ui opBovdwes ounaréoec elvan n Aarhaotavs rev a rioworZ0v opdoyamey aunatosdy tov apyood rebiov. Pua ta dha uot ora cuvrerayyéver, 9 Acres Blawouarixod xeBlou opie and tyy FE.(1.58). Mropotue entans va Botue 1 Beton tov Biayopixey teheovéy rdw oF “povdueve B40 neBlv, Blawvouarixey f Baduerdy. Or €t Buvarol ouvBuaouol Tov Biagopridy tehecrey rand: xa 7 epaguory, Tous oF YoRUEVE reBloy ragovaritovtar avoy Mivanca 1.1. Ot raurérnres autés unopoty vat anoBet- yotw etxoha oxo abornua opdoyeney cuvterceruévev, netyua to onolo 2 KE®AAAIO 1, AIANTEMATIKH ANAATSH VeWea Vy quay V.VxF-0 (2) VxVe=0 (1.3) Vx (VX F)=V(V-F)- OF (ua) View) = (Vou +e (1.5) VIP-G)=(F.V)G 4 Fx (VxG) 4 (G-V)P 4G x (Vx B)(116) V- (EF) =(Vo)-F+y¥-F a7) V.(PxG)=(UxF)-G-(VxG)-F (Ls) Vx (gE) = (Vy) xP + yV XE (9) Vx(PxG)=(V-GF-(V-FG+(G-V)P-(P-V)G (1.1.10) Mivo01ag 11: Atapopinés ravedenees Sarwopdcor elvan amend yin va Eaoyanloet tHy tox) tous o& xtide oom. H epapuoyy Buatpopixos terecr oe YwouEVO TeLGY ¥ nEplaadtepoy cUVapTIDEOY, Had nau y epaguoyy RepLsadrepay and Bio Biupopixby teheatév, uRopel va. URO- Roviorel ue excrvaretweh eqapuoyy tov eaxxonfrev tov Mlvaxa 1.1, 0 oxolos chat whens. Ot uardumres avrés amouvntovedovrat etoha ue 1 Borers Toy xavovey 17g Blawuouaroets SryeBpas xa ty auviflous Rapayeyions. H udyn Beayoporolnon napounnditers omy FE.(1-1.6), drov eugeriZeran 10 F-¥ (av ov V-F). Mepudds ovreexpuutves owvapricers eupaviZovien ouxyd otov Mhexrpouce ‘proud xen erouévas shen yeriowuo va Booue tIy ewpaguoyt tov Biagoptdy reheotby ndyeo tous. Pea em covdprman F = r nalpvoure: Ver=3 Vxr=0 (G-Vyr=G vir=0 (1.59) Ay novvdprnon eaptdtat udvo and thy andoraan r= |r| = Verve, were: er) RO): Va Ee (1.60) Ayn ondornan eEaptéirat and ro BaDueré ywouevo Ar, brov A efvan éver orsdepd Bdwuous, se a vA) AF(AH: Vo ATR (61) Ay to bpioua ang onder elvan to R= ¥', brov 10 ¥” Pewpetran 18, TIEPAITEP® ANAMITTE 23 [ox veda fea (124) lo [vou fi ende (122) \v fs Vx Pars finx Pd (123) {eo G+G viru fre n)da (124) Tivanag 1.2: Ocophuaea Barvoyanns chowipwons oadepd, vbte: v-Vr a..a (1.62) Vani hige bk éxov R= X14 Yj + Zk. Av 0 r, avet 100 r', deaprdel oxardep6, tore v--v (1.63) ate 5242 ae Vay ‘Trdeyouy Bidwopes Buvacdeyres enkxraons ov BewpHuseos Ths anbrdhr ong xt. OV ewpfuartos TOU Stokes. H nto crave elvan vo Dedpnic cov Green, to onoto Biarundveten ws eB: i w To Dedpras aurd elvat anbepora ns epaguoys tov Dewpruaros ty abx- ong a0 Bawouarxd reblo: = pViy) dv = fe Vy -yVy) nda (1.64) Fa YVe-9¥y Bpapuctovas to dedpnua mys anowbtors ovo Bamouarxs rebio F, xalp- vouse [ VW Ve e¥ulde— fre

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