Notebook #2

Problems FOCUSED FOCUSED PARALLEL PARALLEL DRAWING

How is What How is image What influences
image influences the affected? the effect?
affected? effect?

Upside *Center of *Radiation *No effect *Nothing

Down image is will pass
dark through the
grid along
*Edges of the central
image has axis are most
mottled perpendicula
appearanc r
e
*Radiation
will be
increasingly
absorbed
away from
the center

Off center *Decrease *Most *Center of *Most

(lateral in perpendicula transmitted perpendicular
decentering exposure r portion of beam is dark portion of the x-
) across the the x-ray ray beam will
entire beam will not *Depending on not correspond
image correspond where the new to the most
to the most center is, the perpendicular
perpendicula extremes are portion of the
r portion of absorbed and grid
the grid the image is
lighter
Notebook #2

Problems FOCUSED FOCUSED PARALLEL PARALLEL DRAWING

How is What How is image What influences
image influences the affected? the effect?
affected? effect?

Off-level *Decrease *Improper *Decrease in *Improper tube

in tube exposure positioning
exposure positioning across the
across the results if the entire image
entire CR is
image directed
across the
long axis of
the
radiographic
table

The Moire
Effect * A grid error that happens with the digital IR systems when the grids lines are taken and scanned
parallel to the scan lines in the IR plate readers
Air Gap
Technique *An alternative to the use of a grid. It involves placing the patient at a greater OID therefore
creating an air gap between the patient and the IR. By moving the patient away from the IR, the
amount of scatter reaching the IR will be reduced.
Notebook #2

*The primary disadvantage of the air gap technique is the loss of sharpness that results from the
increased OID.

GRID DEFINITION DRAWING

Focused Designed so the
central grid strips
are parallel and as
the strips move
away from the
central axis they
become more and
more inclined
Parallel Made with the lead
and interspace
strips running
parallel to one
another and would
never intersect

Crosshatc Two linear grids on

h top of one another
so the grid lines run
at right angles
Notebook #2

DEFINITION
Grid Ratios *The ratio of the height of the lead strips to the distance between the
strips

lead strip height

Grid ratio
interspace width

*High grid ratios are more effective at removing scatter

Grid Frequency *The number of grid lines per inch or centimeter

*The total lead quantity can be found by using information from grid ratio
and grid frequency. Lead content is greater in a grid that has a high grid
ratio and low grid frequency.

lead content of grid = ability to remove scatter & improved contrast

Technical *When using a grid, the radiographic technologist must increase the mAs
Adjustments (which increases patient dose). The amount of mass needed can be
found with the Grid Conversion Factor equation (GCF).

mAswith the grid

GCF
mA
Notebook #2