Lamarsh Solutions

Chapter-2

2.5

This is a question of probability,

For molecules which have an approximate weight of 2, there are two 1H and we can find the
probability or the percentage over 1 as,

0.99985*0.99985=0.99970

The same calculation can be made for the mol. weights of 3 and 4

For 3 there are one 1H and one 2 H and so,

0.99985*0.00015=1.49e-4

For 4 there are two 2 H and so,

0.00015*0.00015=2.25e-8

2.7

From table of nuclides we can find the atomic weights of O and H using the abundances

1
m(O) x[99.759 x15.99492 0.097 x16.99913 0.204 x17.99916]
100
m(O) 15.99938
1
m( H ) x[99.985 x1.007825 0.015 x 2.0141]
100
m( H ) 1.007975
m( H 2O) 18.01533

(a)

50
# of moles of water= =2.76 moles
18.01533

(b)

# of 1H atoms=2.76 moles x 0.6022e24 x 2 atoms of H x 0.99985 abund. =3.32e24 atoms of 1H

(c)

# of 2 H atoms=2.76 moles x 0.6022e24 x 2 atoms of H x 0.015e-2 abund. =4.98e20 atoms of 2 H

2.16

235
The fission of the nucleus of U releases approximately 200MeV. How much energy (in kilowatt-
235
hours and megawatt-days) is released when 1 g of U undergoes fission?

Solution:

1g
1g 235 U 0.6022 1024 fissioned 235 Uatoms 2.563 1021 atoms
235 g

200MeV
2.563 1021 atoms 512.6 1021 MeV
Released Energy: 1atoms

4.450 1026 kWhr

512.6 1021 MeV 22810kWhr
1MeV

1day
22810kWhr 0.9505MWd
24hr

2.20

Erest m0 c 2 Etot mc 2
m0
m ,in question we see the square of E_rest and E_tot ,so we do
2
1
c2

Erest 2 m0c 2 2 m0 2 Erest 2

( ) ( 2 ) and from here we find
( ) ( 2
) and knowing the
Etot mc m Etot
m0 2 2
relation between m_0 and m as ( ) 1 2 we find,
m c

2
Erest 2
1 2 and finally
c Etot 2

Erest 2 Erest 2
c (1
2 2
) and
c 1 as wanted.
Etot 2 Etot 2
2.22

(a) wavelength of a 1 MeV photon can be found as,

 1.24e 6 1.24e 6
1.24e 12m 1240 fm
E 1e 6 eV
(b) wavelength of a 1 MeV neutron can be found as,

2.86e 9 2.86e 9
2.86e 12 cm 28.6 fm
E 1e 6 eV

2.27

There are a ground state at the buttom and three excited states following it.And the possible
gamma rays are,

E1=0.403-0.208=0.195 MeV E2=0.208-0.158=0.005 MeV E3=0.158-0=0.158 MeV

E4=0.403-0.158=0.245 MeV E5=0.208-0=0.208 MeV E6=0.403-0=0.403 MeV

2.29

(a)

3
1 H 23He
(b)

ln 2
1.79e 9sec onds 1 after that we know at any time t the activity is,
12.26 years

N , the activity of Tritium in question is ,1mCi=3.7e7 dis/sec ;by using the activity
formula we can find the # of Tritium atoms,

3.7e7
N 2.06e16 atoms, and the mole # of tritium and then the mass of it found
1.79e 9
as,
 2.06e16
# of moles= =3.43e-8 and finally mass=3.43e-8 x 3.016 grams=1.03e-7gr
0.6022e24

2.33

Well again use the relation N . Here using half-lifes,

Cs 137 7.27e 10
and finally using above formula we find the # of atoms per cm3 as,
Cs 134 1.06e 8

156e 6 Ci x 3.7e10
NCs 137 7.93e15 atoms/cm3
7.27e 10
26e 6 Ci x 3.7e10
NCs 134 9.07e13 atoms/cm3
1.06e 8

2.37

N 25
We know at time t,which is asked,that 0.03 and now this ratio is,
N 25 N 28

*
N 25* N 25e 25t
N 25
0.0072 ,
N 28* N 28e 28t
in here
N N 28*
25
*

And using these relations after some maths manipulation we found that,

7.25e 3N 28* N 25
*
e( 28t 25t ) from here the time is,1.6e9(billion)years ago
N 28 32.33N 25
2.40

dN A =- A N A dt
dN B = A N A dt- B N Bdt
A
from here N A (t)=N 0 e-A t and N B (t)=N 0 (e-A t -e-B t )
B A

As mentioned in the question , A << B ,when we expand the exp. function e-A t into Taylor
series,see easily that , e-A t 1 and some manipulation like,
 A A
N B (t)=N 0 (e-A t -e-B t ) N 0 (1-e-B t )
A B
B (1 )
B

And from here : Activity,B=N0 A (1-e-Bt ) and for long times , t ,activity of B

approaches to N0 A which is the activity value the parent nucleus would approach

2.59

N 25
In the question , 0.025 is given.
N 25 N 28

And we can relate the w/o to the atomic densities as follows,

19 x w x 0.6022e24
N 25 =
235.04
in here w is the weight percent
19 x (1-w) x 0.6022e24
N 28 =
238.05

From here, w=0.0246 and the atom density of N 25 =1.19e21

2.62

First well compute the atomic weight of U as,

1 1 3.5 96.5
= ( ) MU 237.89 then the molecular weight of UO2 is 237.89+2 x
M 100 235 238
15.999=269.87.The percent by weight of U in UO2 is(237.89/269.87)=0.88 w/o.

Average density of U is, 0.88 x 10.8=9.52 g/cm3 and the density of U-235 is 9.52 x 0.035=0.33
gr/cm3.

0.33 x 0.6022e24
The atom density of U-235 is then, N 25 = 8.53e20 atoms/cm3
235.04