PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-8

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SEDIMENTOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANTS OF DEEP-WATER SEDIMENTS OF

PENOSOGAN FORMATION IN KEBUMEN AREA, CENTRAL JAVA
Vicky Widianto1
Ari Wibowo2
1
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
2
HRH Geology
Corresponding author : Vicky.widianto@gmail.com , 2ari.wibowo@hrhgeology.com
1

Abstract
Deep-water sediments are commonly associated with turbidity current, results variety of physical
sedimentary features. They are currently a major focus of both academic research and industrial
interest related to petroleum play. Several reservoirs in Indonesias basin belonged to deep-water
products. Comprehensive geological study with good basic sedimentology knowledge is needed to
understand more about deep-water sediments related to reservoir opportunities. Penosogan
Formation, a part of South Serayu Basin, is one of good outcrop data which can be used as a guide to
distribute analogue in subsurface geophysical data.

This paper objective is to understand better the heterogenetic deep-water sediments facies by using
outcrops approach, then the conceptual of reservoir characteristic could be identified. The data were
collected in the Penusupan area, Kebumen Central Java. The primary methods used in this study
were stratigraphic measuring section and field geological mapping. Laboratory analyses were also
added to support the study.

Based on integration of paleontology, petrography, and facies interpretation, Penosogan Formation in

study area demonstrate turbidity current products which are divided into three lithofacies association,
namely: very coarse grained facies, coarse grained facies and fine grained facies. These association
represent prograding features from outer fan into middle fan. The outer fan facies is characterized by
interbedded very fine fine grained sandstone with shale (approximately 25 meters), sand-shale
estimation + 40 % net to gross ratio, porosity () up to 8,4 %, and permeability up to 129,38 mD.
The middle fan is characterized by interbedded medium coarse grained sandstone and thin layered
shale with pebble to boulder conglomerate (approximately 46 meters), sand-shale estimation + 85 %
net to gross ratio, porosity () up to 9,5 %, and permeability up to 146,55 mD.

I. INTRODUCTION there is a petroleum system exist in South

Central Java is one of the places of interest
in the search for hydrocarbons at this time.
Which make interesting due to the
discovery of hydrocarbon seepages under
thick volcanic deposits in North Serayu
Basin (Satyana,2007). Formation that
become reservoir in that petroleum system
is part of Rambatan and Halang formation.
Rambatan and Halang formation deposited
with turbidite flows mechanism in deep
water submarine fan sediment (Kertanegara,
et al, 1987). In this case because of the
similarity of environmental development
between those formation and Penosogan
formation, therefore this research main
object is to study the potential reservoir
characteristics of Penosogan formation if
Serayu Basin. Research taken place in
Penusupan area, Kebumen, Central Java.
Deep-water environment have a different
of sedimentary system compared to other
environment which build a unique of
sediment deposition and result.
Comprehensive geological study is needed
to understand more about it.
The main objective of this study is to
identify the EOD (environment of
deposition) of Penosogan formation which
characterized turbidite features and its
potential for analogue reservoir. Penosogan
Formation is one of good outcrop data
which can be used as a guide to distribute
analogue in subsurface geophysical data.
 II. STRATIGRAPHY REGIONAL
OF SOUTH SERAYU BASIN
Stratigraphic order in South Serayu basin
has the Late Cretaceous Paleogene Luk-
Ulo Melange Complex. The mlange in Luk-
Ulo consist of ophiolites assemblage in
oceanic plate that have been thrusted onto
the edge of continental plates (Asikin,1974).
It covers by boulder of ultramafic plutonic
igneous rock, pillow lava, chert, red
limestone and schist that all include in
wacke matrix. Its overlain unconformable
by Karangsambung, Totogan, Waturanda
and Penosogan formation. Karangsambung
formation formed by olistostrome deposits
composed with scally greywacke or
claystone with concretion of nummulites
limestone, conglomerate and quartz arenite
in Eosen. Entering the Oligocene, Totogan
formation have the similar characteristic of
Karangsambung formation but top of
Totogan formation become a submarine
gravitional process that consist of gravely
claystone with turbidite deposit.
In Early Miocene Middle Miocene proceed
the Totogan turbidite conditions is
Waturanda formation with more volcanic
matter like volcanic breccia include in this
formation because of the subduction zone
of Oligo-Miocene that created active
volcanism mountain range in Java specially
in South Serayu Mountain (Hall,2012). In
Middle Miocene, South Serayu volcanism
began to decreased in intensity, it marked
slowly shift from Waturanda volcanic
breccia to claystone sandstone with marls
and limestone of Penosogan formation in
turbidite flows still occur in it and created
the deep water submarine fan. The Late
Miocene is characterized by the
development of a double volcanic arc in
Central Java, with the ractivation of South
Serayu volcanism at the same time, and the
onset of North Serayu volcanism. Generally
the volcanic sandstone of the Halang
Formation dominated the deposition at this
period (Asikin,1992).
The Pleistocene in South Serayu still occur
the event of active volcanism with some
land volcanic in North Serayu began to
more intens. Its triggered the isostatic uplift
in South Serayu Zone as the final stage of
deformation. In this phase Peniron
Formation form. It consist of tuff and
volcanic breccia with spar in submarine fan
turbidite or channel in terrestrial deposit
when in middle of South Serayu uplift
(Figure 1).
III. RESEARCH METHOD
The data were collected in the Penusupan
area, Kebumen Central Java. The study
was conducted by field observation and
stratigraphy measuring section as primary
methods. Then, it was continued by post
field works such as :
A. Facies identifying (lithofacies & Facies
Association)
B. Laboratory analysis (paleontology,
petrography, and core analysis))
All data is combined to determine the
environment of deposition and its related to
variety of sediment features.
IV. DATA AND ANALYSIS
Based on paleontology data, Reophax
nodulosus, Nodosaria albatrossi, Rheopax
dentaliniformis, and Hippocrepina indivisa
were observed. These presence confirm the
study area was belonged to lower bathial
abyssal bathimetric zone (2000-4000 m bsl)
(Figure 2).
Petrography analysis of sandstone describes
a characteristic; brown yellowish, grain size
ranged from 0.25 - 1 mm, sorting is
relatively poor, subangular, supported by
matrix, composed of plagioclase, piroxen,
opaque mineral, lithic, calcit, and lime mud.
Less visible porosity could be observed. It is
classified as Calcareous sandstone (Williams,
1954)(Figure 3).
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Stratigraphy measuring section produce a show coarsening upward sequence

stratigraphical assemblage completely.
There are several lithofacies which are
grouped into three lithofacies association,
namely: very coarse grained facies, coarse
grained facies and fine grained facies. These
association are used to build the
environment of deposition model (Table 1).
Environment of Deposition (EOD)
The outer fan
It is characterized by interbedded
calcareous very fine fine grained
sandstone with marl on approximately
25 meters thickness. Several lithofacies
can be observed which classified on
uncomplete Bouma Sequence (Ta-Tc).
Interbedded of normal graded bedding
sandstone with erosional contact (Ta),
Parallel lamination sandstone (Tb), and
Convolute sandstone (Tc). Reservoir
quality of the outer fan is indicated by
several parameter, namely; estimation of
sand-shale ratio is + 40 % net to gross
ratio, porosity () up to 8,4 %, and
permeability (K) up to 129,38 mD.
The middle fan
It is characterized by interbedded
medium coarse grained sandstone and
thin layered shale with pebble to boulder
conglomerate on approximately 46
meters thickness. Bouma sequence also
found at the bottom and at the youngest
part on sandy facies. Stacking pattern
which indicated by presence of very
coarse grain facies association. Sand-
shale ratio is + 85 % net to gross ratio,
porosity () up to 9,5 %, and
permeability up to 146,55 mD.
Sediment stacking pattern represent
prograding features from outer fan into
middle fan. It was triggered by decreasing
sea level base. All integration data are used
to create environment of deposition model
(Figure 6).
V. CONCLUSIONS
We realize that the outcrop has limit in
length and height. Despite that, subsurface
data still must be validated toward the
surface condition. Penosogan Formation is
good outcrop data that has a various
sedimentary features can be used as a guide
to subsurface data. Reservoir quality of
deep-water deposite indicate low to
moderate. Sand facies has a immature
texture but has a thick sand. Secondary
porosity on calcareous muddy facies and
fractures could be considered as a good
potential opportunity.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors would like to acknowledge to
Geological Engineering Department UPN
veteran Yogyakarta for the support and
our thank to Anselmus arya for conducting
the core analysis.

REFERENCES
Asikin, S.,et al. 1974, Peta Geologi Lembar Kebumen, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi.

Mutti, E., 1992. Turbidite sandstones. Instituto de Geologia, Universita de Farma.

Shanmugam G.2005. Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models: Implications for Sandstone
Petroleum Reservoirs. Department of Earth and Environmental sciences The University of Texas at
Arlington U.S.A.

Tucker, M.E., 2003, Sedimentary Rock In the Field 3rd edition, John Willey & Son, New York, 16.

Walker, R.W. & James, N.P., (1992), Facies Models: Response to Sea Level Change. Geological
Association of Canada, Ontario, h. 239 250
Figure 1. Stratigraphy of South Serayu Basin (Asikin, 1987). Penosogan Fm. are shown by red box.

Figure 2. Paleontology analysis result show the presence various foraminifera.

Figure 3. Photograph of calcareous sandstone under optical microscop.

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Table 1. Lithofacies identified as result of measuring section.

Lithofacies
Description Grain Size Succesion of Layer and Characteristic
Code
Massive, grey to brown mudstone. 15
30 cm average thickness for gray
Fm Massive mudstone Silt - clay
mudstone or brown mudstone. Someplace
association with vfSs.

Convolute, grey to brown sandstone 10-20

fSc Convolute fine sandstone Medium - fine sand
cm average thickness.

Planar Stratified medium Planar stratified beds, gray sandstone with

mSs Coarse - medium sand
sandstone 30 50 cm average thickness.

Graded bedding very coarse Graded bedding, brown sandstone, 10

vcSgs Very coarse sand
sandstone 30 cm average thickness.

Scour, brown sandstone with pebbly

PSo Scour pebbly sandstone Pebble medium sand
fragmen, 3 m average thickness.

Massive, sandstone that contains

Massive calcareous fine
csfSm Fine sand calcareous matter with 1 m average
sandstone
thickness. Without sedimentary structure

Planar stratified beds, brown sandstone

Planar stratified very fine
vfSs Very fine sand with 10 20 cm average thickness.
Sandstone
Someplace association with Fm.

Scour, grey sandstone with 2-3 m average

mSo Scour medium Sandstone Medium sand thickness. Beds erodes top surface of
other beds.
Massive, grey sandstone with 30 70 cm
fSm Massive fine sandstone Fine sand average thickness without sedimentary
structure

Fine layers with wave pattern , grey

Wavy lamination medium
mSw Medium sand sandstone with 20 30 cm average
sandstone
thickness.

Massive, grey to black conglomerate with

Gm Massive conglomerate Gravel 3 5 m average thickness without
sedimentary structure

Beds, bright grey sandstone with 50 cm

vfSl Slump very fine sandstone Very fine sand average thickness with slump structure
bending the beds.
Figure 4. Sedimentological log of southern part of study area
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Figure 5. Sedimentological log of northern part of study area.

Figure 6. Environment of Deposition Model of Penosogan Fm. at Penusupan area.